Article(id=1324078413283209836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507226, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752336000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614493913, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614493913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614493913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614493913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=70, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078413471953517, articleId=1324078413283209836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Application and effectiveness evaluation of traffic light catering foods labeling system in nutritional health canteen practice, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To provide scientific evidence for promoting the application of food nutrition labeling and the construction of nutritional health canteens.

Methods

Two workplace canteens in Xiamen City that received catering services from the same catering enterprise and were comparable in unit type, canteen size, meal provision, and diner number and composition were selected as study sites, with one designated as the intervention canteen and the other as the control. A traffic light catering food nutrition labeling system was designed and implemented in the intervention canteen. Over a six-month period, per capita consumption of cooking oil, salt, and sugar was monitored in both canteens. In addition, the use of condiments and cooking oil for 110 regular dishes in the intervention canteen was recorded before and after labeling implementation. Validated questionnaires were administered twice to diners in the intervention canteen to assess satisfaction before and after the implementation of the traffic light nutrition labeling.

Results

One month post-implementation, the intervention canteen showed significantly lower per capita consumption of cooking oil, salt, and sugar than the control canteen (F=1 405.805, P<0.001; F=1 798.037,P<0.001; F=1 018.140, P<0.001). Throughout the six months, these metrics progressively decreased in the intervention canteen (P<0.001). After six months, the intervention canteen demonstrated reduced usage of salt, MSG/chicken essence, sugar, soy sauce, other condiments, and cooking oil in regular dishes (P<0.01). Post-implementation surveys indicated statistically significant improvements in diner satisfaction regarding meal quality, nutrition/health services, general services, and overall experience (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The traffic light food labeling system effectively facilitated the “Three Reductions” in nutritional health canteen practice.

, authors=Xiao-hua LYU1, 2, Jing-ru MA1, Zhen ZHANG1, Jiang-feng DUAN3, authorsList=Xiao-hua LYU, Jing-ru MA, Zhen ZHANG, Jiang-feng DUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-hua LYU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078417909527179, articleId=1324078413283209836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识在营养健康食堂建设中的应用及效果评价, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

为推进餐饮食品营养标识应用和营养健康食堂建设提供科学依据。

方法

以厦门市由同一家餐饮服务企业提供餐饮服务的2个单位食堂为调查现场,单位性质、食堂规模、供餐情况及用餐人员数量和构成基本一致,其中1个食堂开展营养健康食堂建设(建设食堂),另1个食堂为对照食堂。设计交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识并应用于建设食堂,对2个食堂开展为期6个月的人均油、盐、糖消耗量调查,同时记录使用交通灯式营养标识前后建设食堂110道常规菜品的调味品和食用油使用量。采用经信效度检验的调查问卷,在建设食堂用餐的调查对象中开展前后二次满意度调查。

结果

使用交通灯式营养标识1个月后,建设食堂人均食用油、食盐和白砂糖消耗量低于对照食堂(F=1 405.805,P<0.001;F=1 798.037,P<0.001;F=1 018.140,P<0.001);并在6个月中持续下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。使用交通灯式营养标识6个月后,建设食堂常规菜品的食盐、味精/鸡精、白砂糖、酱油、其他调味品、食用油使用量下降(P<0.01)。使用交通灯式营养标识后,调查对象对膳食质量、营养健康服务、常规服务和总体满意度提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论

交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识有效推动了食堂“三减”工作的开展。

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吕晓华(1971—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:特殊人群营养

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注:1餐食营养;2食材多样化;3餐食合理搭配;4餐食卫生状况;5餐食味道;6餐食外观;7餐食温度;8营养师配备;9营养健康角建设;10“三减”注重程度;11油盐用量公示;12营养标识;13食堂职工营养知识。

, figureFileSmall=AnXkyw/JcCE/n4tPtRWcTw==, figureFileBig=jIvd3Kuq6qRUj7pggJfjHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078421382410938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of intervention canteen and control canteen()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目建设食堂对照食堂
单位性质公益性事业单位公益性事业单位
食堂规模480座456座
食堂员工人数4341
用餐者构成单位职工、食堂员工、少量临时用餐人员单位职工、食堂员工、少量临时用餐人员
早餐人次167±39158±40
午餐人次432±70401±93
晚餐人次260±37251±40
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421483074235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

建设食堂和对照食堂的基本情况()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目建设食堂对照食堂
单位性质公益性事业单位公益性事业单位
食堂规模480座456座
食堂员工人数4341
用餐者构成单位职工、食堂员工、少量临时用餐人员单位职工、食堂员工、少量临时用餐人员
早餐人次167±39158±40
午餐人次432±70401±93
晚餐人次260±37251±40
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421579543228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Color grading standard for nutrition labeling of catering food[7-8]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颜色标准
绿色脂肪和钠NRV%均不超过15%
黄色脂肪和钠NRV%至少有一项超过15%,但均不超过30%
红色脂肪和钠NRV%任一项超过30%
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421684400829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

餐饮食品营养标识颜色分级标准[7-8]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颜色标准
绿色脂肪和钠NRV%均不超过15%
黄色脂肪和钠NRV%至少有一项超过15%,但均不超过30%
红色脂肪和钠NRV%任一项超过30%
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421768286910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Basic information of survey respondents [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目第一次第二次χ2值P值
性别
男145(55.1)103(56.9)0.1370.712
女118(44.9)78(43.1)
年龄(岁)
18~2921(8.0)13(7.2)0.8410.933
30~3926(9.9)20(11.0)
40~4943(16.3)32(17.7)
50~5981(30.8)59(32.6)
≥6092(35.0)57(31.5)
文化程度
初中及以下71(27.0)48(26.5)0.2310.972
高中/中专95(36.1)69(38.1)
大学本科/专科87(33.1)58(32.0)
硕士及以上10(3.8)6(3.3)
家庭人均月收入(元)
<4 00047(17.9)27(14.9)0.7600.859
4 000~6 999130(49.4)93(51.4)
7 000~9 99984(31.9)60(33.1)
≥10 0002(0.8)1(0.6)
是否有慢性病史
是140(53.2)96(53.0)0.0020.968
否123(46.8)85(47.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421847978687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

调查对象的基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目第一次第二次χ2值P值
性别
男145(55.1)103(56.9)0.1370.712
女118(44.9)78(43.1)
年龄(岁)
18~2921(8.0)13(7.2)0.8410.933
30~3926(9.9)20(11.0)
40~4943(16.3)32(17.7)
50~5981(30.8)59(32.6)
≥6092(35.0)57(31.5)
文化程度
初中及以下71(27.0)48(26.5)0.2310.972
高中/中专95(36.1)69(38.1)
大学本科/专科87(33.1)58(32.0)
硕士及以上10(3.8)6(3.3)
家庭人均月收入(元)
<4 00047(17.9)27(14.9)0.7600.859
4 000~6 999130(49.4)93(51.4)
7 000~9 99984(31.9)60(33.1)
≥10 0002(0.8)1(0.6)
是否有慢性病史
是140(53.2)96(53.0)0.0020.968
否123(46.8)85(47.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421919281856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Impact of traffic light nutrition labeling on oil, salt, and sugar consumption in canteens [g/d,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间食用油食盐白砂糖
对照食堂建设食堂F值P值对照食堂建设食堂F值P值对照食堂建设食堂F值P值
使用前67.77± 3.9267.68±3.030.0030.95512.04±0.6512.11±0.500.0810.77910.91±0.5311.07±0.950.2150.649
使用1个月67.83± 1.9456.70±3.2387.386<0.00112.21±0.5710.76±0.2852.841<0.00111.04±1.128.89±0.4831.034<0.001
使用2个月67.75± 1.9951.43±3.11195.883<0.00112.18±0.5610.18±0.24108.098<0.00110.87±0.738.45±0.2696.641<0.001
使用3个月67.84± 3.2946.98±1.58326.820<0.00112.16±0.809.00±0.40123.994<0.00111.05±1.107.70±0.4480.099<0.001
使用4个月68.10± 2.5044.26±1.59647.684<0.00112.18±0.638.39±0.25312.487<0.00111.02±0.726.98±0.42232.884<0.001
使用5个月68.08± 2.3941.59±1.19985.074<0.00112.27±0.697.93±0.40295.027<0.00111.04±0.936.61±0.31205.871<0.001
使用6个月67.88± 1.1239.80±1.961545.056<0.00112.02±0.757.30±0.27347.047<0.00110.80±0.696.53±0.19357.851<0.001
F值0.072135.4080.26335.8920.20830.089
P值0.998<0.0010.945<0.0010.968<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078421994779329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

交通灯式餐饮食品营养信息标识使用对食堂人均油、盐、糖消耗量的影响[g/d,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间食用油食盐白砂糖
对照食堂建设食堂F值P值对照食堂建设食堂F值P值对照食堂建设食堂F值P值
使用前67.77± 3.9267.68±3.030.0030.95512.04±0.6512.11±0.500.0810.77910.91±0.5311.07±0.950.2150.649
使用1个月67.83± 1.9456.70±3.2387.386<0.00112.21±0.5710.76±0.2852.841<0.00111.04±1.128.89±0.4831.034<0.001
使用2个月67.75± 1.9951.43±3.11195.883<0.00112.18±0.5610.18±0.24108.098<0.00110.87±0.738.45±0.2696.641<0.001
使用3个月67.84± 3.2946.98±1.58326.820<0.00112.16±0.809.00±0.40123.994<0.00111.05±1.107.70±0.4480.099<0.001
使用4个月68.10± 2.5044.26±1.59647.684<0.00112.18±0.638.39±0.25312.487<0.00111.02±0.726.98±0.42232.884<0.001
使用5个月68.08± 2.3941.59±1.19985.074<0.00112.27±0.697.93±0.40295.027<0.00111.04±0.936.61±0.31205.871<0.001
使用6个月67.88± 1.1239.80±1.961545.056<0.00112.02±0.757.30±0.27347.047<0.00110.80±0.696.53±0.19357.851<0.001
F值0.072135.4080.26335.8920.20830.089
P值0.998<0.0010.945<0.0010.968<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078422082859714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Impact of traffic light nutrition labeling on usage of condiments and cooking oil in common dishes[(g/serving,n=110,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目使用前使用后W值Z值P值
食盐3.0(1.0,3.0)0.50(0.5,0.5)4271.53.635<0.001
味精/鸡精2.0(1.5,2.0)0.50(0.5,0.5)4278.03.655<0.001
白砂糖1.0(1.0,1.0)1.00(0.0,1.0)1466.5-4.73<0.001
酱油0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)358.5-8.034<0.001
豆瓣酱/豆豉0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)20.0-9.0440.058
其他类0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)64.5-8.9110.006
食用油8.0(0.0,11.0)2.00(0.5,2.0)3381.50.981<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078423747998403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

交通灯式营养标识使用对常规菜品调味品和食用油使用量的影响[g/份,n=110,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目使用前使用后W值Z值P值
食盐3.0(1.0,3.0)0.50(0.5,0.5)4271.53.635<0.001
味精/鸡精2.0(1.5,2.0)0.50(0.5,0.5)4278.03.655<0.001
白砂糖1.0(1.0,1.0)1.00(0.0,1.0)1466.5-4.73<0.001
酱油0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)358.5-8.034<0.001
豆瓣酱/豆豉0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)20.0-9.0440.058
其他类0.0(0.0,0.0)0.00(0.0,0.0)64.5-8.9110.006
食用油8.0(0.0,11.0)2.00(0.5,2.0)3381.50.981<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078423819301572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Impact of traffic light nutrition labeling on respondent satisfaction [n=181,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目使用前使用后t值P值
膳食质量3.74±1.004.12±0.675.869<0.001
Q1餐食营养3.69±1.084.09±0.905.591<0.001
Q2食材多样3.72±1.134.12±0.905.361<0.001
Q3餐食搭配3.66±1.134.05±0.925.308<0.001
Q4餐食卫生3.96±1.004.27±0.724.855<0.001
Q5餐食味道3.66±1.104.03±0.945.092<0.001
Q6餐食外观3.67±1.084.04±0.895.256<0.001
Q7餐食温度3.85±1.054.22±0.785.121<0.001
营养健康服务3.57±0.884.12±0.717.836<0.001
Q8对配备营养师的满意度3.58±1.044.01±0.865.538<0.001
Q9营养健康角3.56±0.904.09±0.856.852<0.001
Q10“三减”工作3.76±1.084.32±0.876.973<0.001
Q11油盐公示3.48±1.004.12±0.957.381<0.001
Q12营养标识3.44±1.024.06±0.957.291<0.001
Q13食堂职工营养知识3.57±0.914.10±0.887.118<0.001
常规服务4.01±1.004.29±0.704.440<0.001
Q14职工着装仪容4.23±1.004.59±0.675.445<0.001
Q15职工服务态度4.09±1.074.38±0.784.191<0.001
Q16职工响应速度3.80±1.174.13±0.974.385<0.001
Q17设施完善程度4.02±1.074.31±0.814.164<0.001
Q18信息处理能力3.96±1.074.24±0.834.164<0.001
Q19取餐等待时间4.07±1.004.29±0.773.5360.001
Q20食堂应急能力3.89±1.104.07±0.902.9330.004
总体评价3.78±0.914.18±0.566.639<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078423919964869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078413283209836, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

交通灯式营养标识使用对调查对象满意度评分的影响[n=181,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目使用前使用后t值P值
膳食质量3.74±1.004.12±0.675.869<0.001
Q1餐食营养3.69±1.084.09±0.905.591<0.001
Q2食材多样3.72±1.134.12±0.905.361<0.001
Q3餐食搭配3.66±1.134.05±0.925.308<0.001
Q4餐食卫生3.96±1.004.27±0.724.855<0.001
Q5餐食味道3.66±1.104.03±0.945.092<0.001
Q6餐食外观3.67±1.084.04±0.895.256<0.001
Q7餐食温度3.85±1.054.22±0.785.121<0.001
营养健康服务3.57±0.884.12±0.717.836<0.001
Q8对配备营养师的满意度3.58±1.044.01±0.865.538<0.001
Q9营养健康角3.56±0.904.09±0.856.852<0.001
Q10“三减”工作3.76±1.084.32±0.876.973<0.001
Q11油盐公示3.48±1.004.12±0.957.381<0.001
Q12营养标识3.44±1.024.06±0.957.291<0.001
Q13食堂职工营养知识3.57±0.914.10±0.887.118<0.001
常规服务4.01±1.004.29±0.704.440<0.001
Q14职工着装仪容4.23±1.004.59±0.675.445<0.001
Q15职工服务态度4.09±1.074.38±0.784.191<0.001
Q16职工响应速度3.80±1.174.13±0.974.385<0.001
Q17设施完善程度4.02±1.074.31±0.814.164<0.001
Q18信息处理能力3.96±1.074.24±0.834.164<0.001
Q19取餐等待时间4.07±1.004.29±0.773.5360.001
Q20食堂应急能力3.89±1.104.07±0.902.9330.004
总体评价3.78±0.914.18±0.566.639<0.001
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交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识在营养健康食堂建设中的应用及效果评价
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吕晓华 1, 2 , 马璟茹 1 , 张震 1 , 段江峰 3
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2026,53(1): 70-76
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2026 , 53 (1) : 70 -76
交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识在营养健康食堂建设中的应用及效果评价
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吕晓华1, 2 , 马璟茹1, 张震1, 段江峰3
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
  • 3.厦门康万达餐饮管理有限公司
通讯作者:
吕晓华,E-mail:
作者简介:

吕晓华(1971—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:特殊人群营养

Application and effectiveness evaluation of traffic light catering foods labeling system in nutritional health canteen practice
Xiao-hua LYU1, 2 , Jing-ru MA1, Zhen ZHANG1, Jiang-feng DUAN3
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507226
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目的

为推进餐饮食品营养标识应用和营养健康食堂建设提供科学依据。

方法

以厦门市由同一家餐饮服务企业提供餐饮服务的2个单位食堂为调查现场,单位性质、食堂规模、供餐情况及用餐人员数量和构成基本一致,其中1个食堂开展营养健康食堂建设(建设食堂),另1个食堂为对照食堂。设计交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识并应用于建设食堂,对2个食堂开展为期6个月的人均油、盐、糖消耗量调查,同时记录使用交通灯式营养标识前后建设食堂110道常规菜品的调味品和食用油使用量。采用经信效度检验的调查问卷,在建设食堂用餐的调查对象中开展前后二次满意度调查。

结果

使用交通灯式营养标识1个月后,建设食堂人均食用油、食盐和白砂糖消耗量低于对照食堂(F=1 405.805,P<0.001;F=1 798.037,P<0.001;F=1 018.140,P<0.001);并在6个月中持续下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。使用交通灯式营养标识6个月后,建设食堂常规菜品的食盐、味精/鸡精、白砂糖、酱油、其他调味品、食用油使用量下降(P<0.01)。使用交通灯式营养标识后,调查对象对膳食质量、营养健康服务、常规服务和总体满意度提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论

交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识有效推动了食堂“三减”工作的开展。

营养健康食堂  /  餐饮食品营养标识  /  包装正面营养标识  /  交通灯
Objective

To provide scientific evidence for promoting the application of food nutrition labeling and the construction of nutritional health canteens.

Methods

Two workplace canteens in Xiamen City that received catering services from the same catering enterprise and were comparable in unit type, canteen size, meal provision, and diner number and composition were selected as study sites, with one designated as the intervention canteen and the other as the control. A traffic light catering food nutrition labeling system was designed and implemented in the intervention canteen. Over a six-month period, per capita consumption of cooking oil, salt, and sugar was monitored in both canteens. In addition, the use of condiments and cooking oil for 110 regular dishes in the intervention canteen was recorded before and after labeling implementation. Validated questionnaires were administered twice to diners in the intervention canteen to assess satisfaction before and after the implementation of the traffic light nutrition labeling.

Results

One month post-implementation, the intervention canteen showed significantly lower per capita consumption of cooking oil, salt, and sugar than the control canteen (F=1 405.805, P<0.001; F=1 798.037,P<0.001; F=1 018.140, P<0.001). Throughout the six months, these metrics progressively decreased in the intervention canteen (P<0.001). After six months, the intervention canteen demonstrated reduced usage of salt, MSG/chicken essence, sugar, soy sauce, other condiments, and cooking oil in regular dishes (P<0.01). Post-implementation surveys indicated statistically significant improvements in diner satisfaction regarding meal quality, nutrition/health services, general services, and overall experience (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The traffic light food labeling system effectively facilitated the “Three Reductions” in nutritional health canteen practice.

Nutritional health canteen  /  Catering foods labeling system  /  Front-of-package labeling  /  Traffic light
吕晓华, 马璟茹, 张震, 段江峰. 交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识在营养健康食堂建设中的应用及效果评价. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 70 -76 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507226
Xiao-hua LYU, Jing-ru MA, Zhen ZHANG, Jiang-feng DUAN. Application and effectiveness evaluation of traffic light catering foods labeling system in nutritional health canteen practice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 70 -76 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507226
目前,在外就餐成为影响世界各国居民营养与健康状况的生活方式[1],在外就餐是肥胖的重要危险因素,也是心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等代谢性疾病的危险因素之一[2]。随着全球慢性病负担加剧,公共食堂/餐厅作为饮食行为的关键干预场所日益受到重视,一些国家陆续通过立法进行菜单营养标识以引导消费者选择健康餐饮食品。研究显示,强制性菜品标识政策显著增加了消费者接触营养信息的机会,但健康食品的选择受消费者认知、经济及社会因素、文化背景等因素的影响[3],单纯提供营养信息不足以改变行为,消费者在选择食品时难以理解标签中的数字、文字等信息是原因之一[4];相比传统数值型营养标签,可视化的包装正面营养标识(front-of-package nutrition label,FOP)(如交通灯标签)通过直观的颜色编码降低理解信息的难度,能更有效地引导健康选择[5-6]。目前FOP研究主要集中在预包装食品,而针对食堂/餐厅等餐饮场所,尤其针对复杂烹饪的中式餐饮食品的实践应用较少,干预效果的证据不足。餐饮食品营养标识是我国营养健康食堂/餐厅建设的基本要求,提高餐饮食品营养标识的使用效率,才能充分发挥其健康教育和指导作用。故本文在前期研究的基础上,结合我国实际,探索简单易懂的餐饮食品营养信息标识,为餐饮食品营养标识的推广使用积累经验,推动营养健康食堂/餐厅的建设。
选择厦门市由同一家餐饮服务企业提供餐饮服务的2个单位食堂,单位性质、食堂规模、供餐情况及用餐人员数量和构成基本一致。具体情况见表1。其中1个食堂开展营养健康食堂建设(建设食堂),另1个食堂不做任何改变(对照食堂)。
建设食堂的用餐者。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁,每周在食堂用餐次数≥3次;(2)无严重精神性疾病;(3)能自主填写问卷,愿意参加调查。样本含量计算如下:
其中,95%置信水平时Z=1.96,p为预估比例(未知时取0.5),E为允许误差(以10%计)。计算得n≈96,考虑失访率,最终纳入288名调查对象,对其中200人进行了二次问卷调查。研究获四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:Gwll2024168),调查对象均知情同意。
根据SERVQUAL理论模型,结合食堂的管理模式和服务特点编制营养健康食堂建设满意度调查问卷,问卷分为期望和实际感知(满意度)两部分,包括膳食质量、营养健康服务、常规服务等三个内容,共20个条目。
问卷经信效度检验,问卷总体和各部分的克朗巴赫α系数均大于0.9,间隔四周对在食堂用餐者进行二次预调查,期望和感知部分Pearson积矩相关系数分别为0.766和0.952,问卷信度较好。问卷效度分析结果显示:期望部分(KMO=0.914,χ2=7 069.523,P<0.001)和感知部分(KMO=0.958,χ2=8 355.687,P<0.001)满足因子分析要求。期望部分提取二个主成分,累积方差贡献率82.924%,感知部分提取三个主成分,累积方差贡献率80.895%,因子结构与问卷结构相吻合,表明问卷效度良好。
海尔CFC-01型厨房秤[海尔机器人科技(青岛)有限公司生产],最大量程6 kg,精度0.1 g。
对食堂制作的菜品主辅料和调味品进行称重,计算能量、脂肪、钠含量及其营养素参考值(nutrient reference values,NRV)百分比。根据《餐饮食品营养标识指南》制作营养标识,并进行颜色划分,分级标准见表2。建设食堂每日供应的菜品使用交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识。见图1、2、3、4。
从使用交通灯式营养标识开始,对两个食堂开展为期6个月油、盐、糖消耗量调查,每月下旬连续进行10天。从调查前一天开始,每日备餐结束后称量油、盐、糖的剩余量并记录补充量,计算当日油、盐、糖消耗量。根据单位职工餐卡刷卡记录、食堂员工打卡记录和临时用餐人员支付后台记录统计就餐人数,按照当地饮食习惯和食堂供餐情况,早、中、晚三餐供能比以25%、40%、35%计。
某日就餐总人日数=早餐就餐人数×25%+午餐就餐人数×40%+晚餐就餐人数×35%
交通灯式营养标识使用前和使用6个月后,对建设食堂常规制作的110菜品的调味品和食用油用量进行称重,记录使用量。
交通灯式营养标识使用前进行第一次调查,调查对象当场填写,当场回收调查问卷。发放288份问卷,回收有效问卷263份,回收率91.3%。进行重要性-满意度分析(importance-performance analysis, IPA),笛卡尔坐标系中,期望值为横坐标、感知评分为纵坐标,以期望值均值和感知评分均值将坐标区域分为优势区(期望值和感知评分均较高)、保持区(感知评分较高而期望值较低)、机会区(期望值和感知评分均较低)和改进区(期望值较高而感知评分较低)四个象限[9-10]。交通灯式营养标识使用后6个月内对其中200名调查对象进行第二次调查,发放问卷200份,回收有效问卷181份,回收率90.5%。
参与现场调查的人员经培训且考核合格;食材和调味品称重使用统一仪器,测量前进行校准;自编调查问卷进行预调查检验问卷的信度和效度。问卷当场发放和回收,及时查漏补缺。问卷填写时间少于3 min视为为无效问卷,以反映调查对象的真实态度。数据采用双人录入,由专设的质控人员审核,及时纠错。
对满意度调查问卷各条目的期望和感知程度进行赋值,非常不同意/非常不满意=1分,不同意/不满意=2分,无所谓/一般=3分,同意/满意=4分,非常同意/非常满意=5分。以20个条目的平均值作为总体评价得分。
采用SPSS 25.0统计分析软件进行统计分析,符合正态分布的连续变量用()描述,偏态分布的连续变量用[M(P25,P75)]描述,分类变量采用构成比描述。符合正态分布的连续变量采用t检验,分类变量采用χ2检验比较组间差异;采用重复测量方差分析比较使用交通灯式营养标识期间2个食堂的人均油、盐、糖消耗量变化;调味品使用量数据为偏态分布,采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验进行分析;采用配对t检验比较调查对象前后两次满意度评分,检验水准α=0.05。
如表3所示,两次调查的调查对象在性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入和患病情况等方面的构成比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
如表4所示,重复测量方差分析结果显示,使用交通灯式营养标识前,2个食堂每日人均食用油、食盐和白砂糖消耗量无统计学差异。使用交通灯式营养标识6个月期间,建设食堂人均油、盐、糖消耗量持续下降(F=80.412,P<0.001;F=47.095,P<0.001;F=24.893,P<0.001),对照食堂人均油、盐、糖消耗量无显著变化。在同一时间点,建设食堂人均食用油、食盐和白砂糖消耗量均低于对照食堂(F=1 405.805,P<0.001;F=1 798.037,P<0.001;F=1 018.140,P<0.001)。
如表5所示,使用交通灯式营养标识6个月后,建设食堂常规菜品的食盐、味精/鸡精、白砂糖、酱油、其他调味品、食用油使用量减少(P<0.01)。
在使用交通灯式营养标识前,调查对象IPA如图5所示。膳食质量和营养健康服务指标多位于改进区和机会区内。
如表6所示,使用交通灯式营养标识后,调查对象对膳食质量、营养健康服务、常规服务和总体满意度提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
在营养健康食堂建设的基本要求中,餐饮食品营养标识的使用是用餐者和餐饮服务人员感受最明显的变化。但认知障碍是影响餐饮食品营养标识使用的重要因素,当用餐者认为阅读营养标识费时费力或无法理解时,将降低营养标识的使用效果[11],不能达到指导选择健康食品的目的[12]。目前尚无“正确”或“最有效”的营养标识标准,对预包装食品FOP的研究显示,在数字信息标识的基础上增加解释性标识,如警告标识、交通灯标识和营养评分标识,消费者更易理解并做出健康选择,且对符号/颜色标识的理解较好[13-14]。研究还发现,相较其他形式FOP,交通灯标识对消费决策产生积极影响[15]。《餐饮食品营养标识指南》规定基本标示内容为“能量、脂肪、钠含量和相当于钠的食盐量”,在合规的前提下,为了提高餐饮食品营养标识的利用,本文设计应用交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识,从食堂人均油盐糖消耗量、常规菜品调味品和食用油使用量,以及用餐者满意度等三方面进行效果评价。
视觉符号较数字信息更易理解[15],故本文在《餐饮食品营养标识指南》基础上,借鉴英国食品标准局发布的《零售预包装食品包装正面营养标识指南》的交通灯FOP形式,对餐饮食品营养标识进行颜色分级。在设定限值时,英国交通灯FOP的红、黄、绿三色分别代表能量和限制性营养素(如脂肪和钠)处于高(high)、中(medium)、低(low)含量水平,预包装食品多作为零食,这种划分可避免脂肪和钠的过量摄入,但餐饮食品的基本属性与预包装食品存在差异,餐饮食品一般作为正餐,须提供一日所需能量和营养素,低含量水平可能造成某些营养素摄入不足;实际上,普通餐饮食品也很难做到能量和营养素处于低含量水平。因此,本文将红、黄、绿的含义分别对应高、较高、正常三个水平,最终按照《预包装食品营养标签通则》中“较高/含有”和“高/富含”的相关规定即以15%NRV和30%NRV分别作为交通灯标识的界限值,既是探索,也为后续实践应用和完善积累经验。
人们在餐饮场所选择食物并非基于深思熟虑,而是快速无意识的决定[15],基于积极心理学和行为经济学的助推理论不干预对象自由选择,仅对决策环境施以微小干预,且助推对象认为助推方向有利于自己,从而做出注重长期收益而非短期快乐的健康行为决策[16-17]。在本文中,交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识起到了助推作用,通过吸引效应(提醒),引导人们选择健康食物。随着交通灯式营养标识使用时间延长,建设食堂的油、盐、糖消耗量持续下降,6个月后,每日人均消耗量较使用前分别减少42.2%、39.7%、41.0%,同时,餐饮食品营养标识不仅是消费者了解菜品营养特性的有效途径,交通灯标识对餐饮服务者也具有助推作用,营养信息公开激发餐饮服务者探索新配方,使菜品符合健康需求。在制作常规菜品时,厨师主动减少了调味品和食用油的用量。厦门居民有饮汤习惯,在交通灯标识应用过程中发现汤品盐含量不低,基本处于黄灯水平,但用餐者对汤品咸度不敏感且食用量较大,食堂主动推出无盐蔬菜清汤的举措,减少了用餐者食盐的摄入量。
SERVQUAL理论是一种基于“服务质量差距模型”的服务评价体系。该理论认为,服务质量源于客户感知与其期望水平之间的差距(即期望-感知模型)。其中,客户期望是提供优质服务的前提,而实现优质服务的关键在于超越客户期望值[9,18]。本文调查发现,虽然用餐者具有健康意识,有一定的营养健康期望,但缺乏获取科学信息的途径[19],故仍对食堂常规服务的重视程度高于营养健康服务。IPA显示,食堂开展营养健康服务具有较大空间。使用交通灯式营养标识后,营养提示转化为生动醒目的教育形式,激发了用餐者追求健康的积极态度[15],将健康期望转化为真实的生活实践[20-21]。同时,当用餐者的健康期望被重视,满意度也相应提高,对营养健康服务的评价从“一般”提高到“满意”。用餐者的膳食质量、营养健康服务、常规服务和总体评价分别提高了0.37、0.55、0.28和0.39分,其中营养健康服务对总体满意度提升的贡献最大,印证了IPA的结果。通过营养角和餐饮食品营养标识的建设,营养健康食堂可望成为营养教育基地,满足公众日益增长的健康需求。
综上,交通灯式餐饮食品营养标识有效推动了食堂“三减”工作的开展,油、盐、糖消耗量和用餐者满意度可作为营养健康食堂建设效果的评价指标。
  • 国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项膳食营养评估和干预技术研究(2020YFC2006303)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507226
  • 接收时间:2025-07-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-13
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国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对专项膳食营养评估和干预技术研究(2020YFC2006303)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
    3.厦门康万达餐饮管理有限公司

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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