Article(id=1324078385474961545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507394, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753459200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614487284, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614487284, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614487284, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614487284, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078175000605624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614437103, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614526046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=332, endPage=338, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078385697259658, articleId=1324078385474961545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Application of nucleic acid mass spectrometry in pathogen detection, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Nucleic acid mass spectrometry (NAMS) has emerged as a multi-target parallel detection platform, demonstrating its high efficiency and accuracy in the field of infectious disease detection in recent years. The core technologies of NAMS include PCR-MALDI-TOF (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight), Single-base Extension (SBE), PCR/ESI-MS (Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry), and isothermal amplification techniques such as Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), and Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) combined with MALDI-TOF. These technologies enable highly efficient nucleic acid detection for bacteria, viruses, and parasites. In bacterial detection, NAMS allows for rapid typing of drug-resistant sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), while supporting multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens. In viral detection, it is suitable for monitoring HIV drug-resistant mutations and for the typing and trend tracking of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 variants. In parasitic detection, it covers drug-resistant sites in Plasmodium spp. and supports species/strain identification. Furthermore, with the continuous development of technology, NAMS has demonstrated significant advantages in multi-pathogen co-detection, typing, and traceability, especially in improving typing efficiency and detecting mixed infections. As a panel-based, scalable, and expandable technology, NAMS provides an efficient detection solution for clinical diagnosis and public health monitoring, with broad prospects for infectious disease control at ports of entry. However, NAMS still faces challenges in sample processing, data analysis, and platform standardization. Future advancements will further promote its widespread use and improvement in clinical applications.
, authors=Si-min WANG
1, Luo YANG
2, Qing ZHANG
3, 4, Yang LIU
3, 4, Ying SHI
3, 4, Juan PAN
5, Lv-bo TIAN
3, 4, authorsList=Si-min WANG, Luo YANG, Qing ZHANG, Yang LIU, Ying SHI, Juan PAN, Lv-bo TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lv-bo TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078386334793869, articleId=1324078385474961545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=核酸质谱技术在病原体检测中的应用, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
核酸质谱(nucleic acid mass spectrometry,NAMS)作为一种多靶标并行检测平台,近年来在传染病检测领域显示出了其高效、精准的潜力。NAMS的技术基础包括PCR-MALDI-TOF(聚合酶链式反应-基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱,Polymerase Chain Reaction-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight)(单碱基延伸,Single-base Extension,SBE)、PCR/ESI-MS(聚合酶链式反应/电喷雾电离-质谱,Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry)(电喷雾电离-碱基组成指纹)以及等温扩增(等温核酸扩增技术,包括重组酶聚合酶扩增法,Recombinase Polymerase Amplification,RPA;环介导等温扩增法,Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP;滚环扩增法,Rolling Circle Amplification,RCA)结合MALDI-TOF,这些技术使其能够在细菌、病毒和寄生虫的核酸检测中提供更高效的解决方案。在细菌检测中,能够实现结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)/非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)耐药位点的快速分型,并支持食源性致病菌的一次性多重检测;在病毒检测方面,适用于HIV耐药突变监测及流感(Influenza)、SARS-CoV-2变异(SARS-CoV-2 variant)分型与趋势追踪;在寄生虫检测中,能够覆盖疟原虫(Plasmodium spp.)等耐药相关位点并用于物种/型别判定。此外随着技术的不断发展,NAMS在多病原体联合检测、分型与溯源监测中展现了显著的优势,尤其在提高分型效率与识别混合感染方面。作为一种面板化、可扩展且具有规模化潜力的技术,NAMS能够为临床诊断和公共卫生监测提供高效的检测方案,尤其在口岸传染病防控领域有着广泛的应用前景。尽管如此,NAMS技术在样本处理、数据分析以及平台标准化等方面仍面临一些挑战,未来的发展将进一步推动其在临床应用中的普及和完善。
, authors=王思敏
1, 杨罗
2, 张青
3, 4, 刘杨
3, 4, 石莹
3, 4, 潘娟
5, 田绿波
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王思敏(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生检验与检疫
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dUMCzGbpV0cHDfWZYsW3EA==, magXml=iGyTE8MuilKxFGZgqxAVqQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EUiR97nDB/xPNnWEUgGkhg==, pdfFileSize=1040255, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kCEwMe6x9x3Mi9Dh4e3OkA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9WK2ZWya7+l+lqwpkMCQvg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324078387022659738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324078387098157212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, authorId=1324078387022659738, language=EN, stringName=Si-min WANG, firstName=Si-min, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Schematic diagram of PCR-MALDI-TOF (SBE) nucleic acid detection process[8-9], figureFileSmall=h2QCPIrk9sKiP33DNeCFBg==, figureFileBig=kCEwMe6x9x3Mi9Dh4e3OkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078391862886607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
PCR-MALDI-TOF(SBE)核酸检测流程示意图[8-9], figureFileSmall=h2QCPIrk9sKiP33DNeCFBg==, figureFileBig=kCEwMe6x9x3Mi9Dh4e3OkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078392118739152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of pathogen detection methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 优点 | 局限性 | 典型应用 |
|---|
| 培养法 | 金标准,能进行药敏试验 | 耗时长,对部分病原体不适用 | 临床细菌感染诊断 |
| PCR | 灵敏度和特异性高,检测速度快 | 易受抑制物影响导致假阴性,需精密设备 | 病毒、细菌核酸检测 |
| ELISA | 操作简便,适合大规模筛查 | 易出现交叉反应,特异性有限 | 抗原抗体检测 |
| 等温扩增 (LAMP等) | 快速、无需昂贵设备 | 灵敏度受限,易污染 | 基层检测、现场应用 |
| 基因芯片 | 可进行多重检测,高通量 | 成本高,灵敏度有限 | 病原谱筛查 |
| 高通量测序 (NGS) | 全面、无偏向性,发现未知病原体 | 成本高、分析复杂、周期长 | 复杂感染、耐药监测 |
| 核酸质谱 (NAMS) | 高灵敏度、多重检测能力、可进行基因变异分析 | 仪器昂贵、操作复杂、数据库依赖性强 | 多病原体检测、分型与溯源 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324078392190042321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
病原体检测对比表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 方法 | 优点 | 局限性 | 典型应用 |
|---|
| 培养法 | 金标准,能进行药敏试验 | 耗时长,对部分病原体不适用 | 临床细菌感染诊断 |
| PCR | 灵敏度和特异性高,检测速度快 | 易受抑制物影响导致假阴性,需精密设备 | 病毒、细菌核酸检测 |
| ELISA | 操作简便,适合大规模筛查 | 易出现交叉反应,特异性有限 | 抗原抗体检测 |
| 等温扩增 (LAMP等) | 快速、无需昂贵设备 | 灵敏度受限,易污染 | 基层检测、现场应用 |
| 基因芯片 | 可进行多重检测,高通量 | 成本高,灵敏度有限 | 病原谱筛查 |
| 高通量测序 (NGS) | 全面、无偏向性,发现未知病原体 | 成本高、分析复杂、周期长 | 复杂感染、耐药监测 |
| 核酸质谱 (NAMS) | 高灵敏度、多重检测能力、可进行基因变异分析 | 仪器昂贵、操作复杂、数据库依赖性强 | 多病原体检测、分型与溯源 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324078393867763922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of common nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测方法 | 原理 | 检测对象 | 优势 | 应用场景 |
|---|
| PCR-MALDI-TOF(SBE 分型) | PCR 扩增→单碱基延伸→产物质量差异由 MALDI-TOF 检测 | 已知 SNP/突变位点、耐药相关位点、特定病原标志基因 | 高多重并行、结果快速、面板可迭代、成本低于测序 | SARS-CoV-2多靶标检测与变异监测、结核/非结核分枝杆菌物种和耐药检测、肠道致病菌多重检测[11] |
| PCR/ESI-MS(碱基组成指纹) | 多对保守引物 PCR→产物 ESI-MS→碱基组成指纹比对数据库 | 各类病原体,尤其是混合感染或未知样本 | 广谱覆盖、可识别混合感染、对未知序列有发现潜力 | 败血症/血流感染广谱筛查、呼吸道/真菌感染快速鉴别[12-13] |
| 等温扩增结合 MALDI-TOF | RPA/LAMP/RCA 等快速扩增→寡核苷酸产物质谱检测 | 常见细菌/病毒的特定基因片段 | 反应快、无需热循环仪、保留多重能力 | SARS-CoV-2快速诊断探索、床旁检测研究[14-15] |
), ArticleFig(id=1324078393939067091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078385474961545, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
常用核酸质谱检测方法的比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测方法 | 原理 | 检测对象 | 优势 | 应用场景 |
|---|
| PCR-MALDI-TOF(SBE 分型) | PCR 扩增→单碱基延伸→产物质量差异由 MALDI-TOF 检测 | 已知 SNP/突变位点、耐药相关位点、特定病原标志基因 | 高多重并行、结果快速、面板可迭代、成本低于测序 | SARS-CoV-2多靶标检测与变异监测、结核/非结核分枝杆菌物种和耐药检测、肠道致病菌多重检测[11] |
| PCR/ESI-MS(碱基组成指纹) | 多对保守引物 PCR→产物 ESI-MS→碱基组成指纹比对数据库 | 各类病原体,尤其是混合感染或未知样本 | 广谱覆盖、可识别混合感染、对未知序列有发现潜力 | 败血症/血流感染广谱筛查、呼吸道/真菌感染快速鉴别[12-13] |
| 等温扩增结合 MALDI-TOF | RPA/LAMP/RCA 等快速扩增→寡核苷酸产物质谱检测 | 常见细菌/病毒的特定基因片段 | 反应快、无需热循环仪、保留多重能力 | SARS-CoV-2快速诊断探索、床旁检测研究[14-15] |
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