Article(id=1324078351090069667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409512, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727539200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614479086, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614479086, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614479086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614479086, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=32, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078351555637412, articleId=1324078351090069667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease attributed to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the current status and trends of hypertensive heart disease burden attributable to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, in order to provide data support for the development of obesity and cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies in China and worldwide.

Methods

Data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database. The total DALYs and number of deaths caused by high BMI-related hypertensive heart disease in China and globally in 2021, as well as the age-standardized mortality rate and trends from 1990 to 2021, were described. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized DALY and mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 in both China and globally.

Results

In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate attributable to high BMI-related hypertension heart disease in China was 6.90 per 100 000 (AAPC=-1.09, P<0.001), and the age-standardized DALY rate was 120.03 per 100 000 (AAPC=-1.41, P<0.001), both showing a downward trend. Globally, the age-standardized mortality rate was 7.21 per 100 000 (AAPC=0.19, P<0.001), and the age-standardized DALY rate was 147.34 per 100 000 (AAPC=0.07),showing a slow upward trend.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate for hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China showed a downward trend, contrary to the global trend. However,the burden was heavier among women and the elderly. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize obesity prevention and control strategies for the elderly, promote healthy lifestyle habits, and adopt targeted interventions to reduce the disease burden.

, authors=Li MA1, Peng-yao LI1, Qian-kun LIU2, Ju-ju HUANG1, Jia-xue PANG1, Yang XU1, Hui XIE1, authorsList=Li MA, Peng-yao LI, Qian-kun LIU, Ju-ju HUANG, Jia-xue PANG, Yang XU, Hui XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078354244186285, articleId=1324078351090069667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担变化趋势分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的高血压性心脏病疾病负担现状与趋势,以期为中国和全球制定肥胖与心血管疾病的防控策略提供数据支持。

方法

基于2021年全球疾病负担研究数据库,提取了高BMI相关高血压性心脏病伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)和死亡数据,描述2021年中国和全球高BMI导致的高血压性心脏病DALY、死亡总数、年龄标化死亡率以及1990—2021年的变化趋势,并采用joinpoint回归模型计算中国和全球1990—2021年标化DALY率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

2021年中国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率为6.90/10万(AAPC=-1.09,P<0.001)、标化DALYs率为 120.03/10万(AAPC=-1.41,P<0.001),呈现下降趋势;而全球标化死亡率为7.21/10万(AAPC=0.19,P<0.001)、标化DALYs率为 147.34/10万(AAPC=0.07),呈缓慢上升趋势。

结论

1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率、标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势,与全球的发展趋势相反;但女性和老年人群负担较重,因此仍需重视老年人的肥胖防控策略,加强宣传健康的生活模式,采取针对性措施和有效干预以减轻其疾病负担。

, authors=马丽1, 李鹏鹞1, 刘乾坤2, 黄菊菊1, 庞佳雪1, 徐洋1, 谢晖1, authorsList=马丽, 李鹏鹞, 刘乾坤, 黄菊菊, 庞佳雪, 徐洋, 谢晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢晖, authorNote=

马丽(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社区护理,老年医学

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谢晖,E-mail:
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马丽(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社区护理,老年医学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on the trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078364708974855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=14, pageStart=2528, pageEnd=2531, 2557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=26, authorNames=林维, 林海, 夏生林, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林维,林海,夏生林.2014-2019年中山市心血管病死亡状及寿命损失分析[J].现代预防医学,2021,48(14):2528-2531, 2557., articleTitle=2014-2019年中山市心血管病死亡状及寿命损失分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078364771889416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=14, pageStart=2528, pageEnd=2531, 2557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Lin W, Lin H, Xia SL, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin W, Lin H, Xia SL. Analysis on death of cardiovascular disease and potential years of Life lost in Zhongshan city from 2014 to 2019[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(14): 2528-2531, 2557. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on death of cardiovascular disease and potential years of Life lost in Zhongshan city from 2014 to 2019, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078360338510058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, awardId=202410367062, language=CN, fundingSource=国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410367062), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078360418201835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, awardId=LH250201002, language=CN, fundingSource=蚌埠医科大学龙湖英才项目(LH250201002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078354474873006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078354483261615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, companyId=1324078354474873006, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078354495844528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, companyId=1324078354474873006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.蚌埠医医科大学护理学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078354600702129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078354604896434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, companyId=1324078354600702129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.蚌埠市第一人民医院,安徽 蚌埠 233030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078358887280862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Temporal trends in hypertensive heart disease burden attributable to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=BBnE+0DmGvtvquvYXOOVxw==, figureFileBig=hTU5pZ88KbZcvqjnab8ckA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078358946001119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担的趋势

注:A为中国;B为全球。

, figureFileSmall=BBnE+0DmGvtvquvYXOOVxw==, figureFileBig=hTU5pZ88KbZcvqjnab8ckA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359126356192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Sex-specific disease burden of hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=TM7XB82n4Nm/3ilxIHhprA==, figureFileBig=Z73IXfXgBmwm4FG88va1IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359323488481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年中国不同性别人群归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担

注:A为1990年中国死亡数据;B为1990年中国DALYs数据;C为2021年中国死亡数据;D为 2021年中国DALYs数据。

, figureFileSmall=TM7XB82n4Nm/3ilxIHhprA==, figureFileBig=Z73IXfXgBmwm4FG88va1IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359449317602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Sex-specific disease burden of hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI globally from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=4COR7pihS4maZK+uRHl9uA==, figureFileBig=rnUvcCqzH5PqlF277mzS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359747113187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年全球不同性别人群归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担

注:A为1990年全球死亡数据;B为1990年全球DALYs数据;C为2021年全球死亡数据;D为2021年全球DALYs数据。

, figureFileSmall=4COR7pihS4maZK+uRHl9uA==, figureFileBig=rnUvcCqzH5PqlF277mzS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359810027748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Joinpoint regression analysis of disease burden metrics attributable to high BMI for hypertensive heart disease in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=vQTAGhj4w/bEMJxAR7S83g==, figureFileBig=jSHt0mlxNkqTaTAhlWCnhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359885525221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担指标joinpoint回归

注:A为中国标化死亡率;B为中国标化DALYs率;C为全球标化死亡率;D为全球标化DALYs率。

, figureFileSmall=vQTAGhj4w/bEMJxAR7S83g==, figureFileBig=jSHt0mlxNkqTaTAhlWCnhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078359952634086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Disease burden attributable to high BMI for hypertensive heart disease and its temporal trends in China and globally from 1990 to 2021(95% CI)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区分类1990年2021年1990—2021年 AAPCP值
全年龄段病例数标化率(1/10万)全年龄段病例数标化率(1/10万)
中国死亡58 894 (82 600~33 794)9.66 (4.72~14.65)124 764 (63 334~198 271)6.90 (3.14~11.62)-1.09 (-1.22~0.96)<0.001
DALYs1 393 488 (812 664~1 929 010)182.57 (104.75~260.36)2 373 040 (1 485 461~3 462 005)120.03 (71.90~180.13)-1.41 (-1.58~1.24)<0.001
全球死亡240 096 (16 8851~313 374)6.83 (4.37~9.32)594 899 (36 292~804 914)7.21 (4.23~9.94)0.19 (0.08 ~ 0.31)<0.001
DALYs5 666 017 (4 251 059~7 069 738)144.72 (106.22~182.76)12 551 752 (9 489 124~15 451 016)147.34 (109.06~183.45)0.07 (-0.04~0.18)0.207
), ArticleFig(id=1324078360036520167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担及其变化趋势(95% CI)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区分类1990年2021年1990—2021年 AAPCP值
全年龄段病例数标化率(1/10万)全年龄段病例数标化率(1/10万)
中国死亡58 894 (82 600~33 794)9.66 (4.72~14.65)124 764 (63 334~198 271)6.90 (3.14~11.62)-1.09 (-1.22~0.96)<0.001
DALYs1 393 488 (812 664~1 929 010)182.57 (104.75~260.36)2 373 040 (1 485 461~3 462 005)120.03 (71.90~180.13)-1.41 (-1.58~1.24)<0.001
全球死亡240 096 (16 8851~313 374)6.83 (4.37~9.32)594 899 (36 292~804 914)7.21 (4.23~9.94)0.19 (0.08 ~ 0.31)<0.001
DALYs5 666 017 (4 251 059~7 069 738)144.72 (106.22~182.76)12 551 752 (9 489 124~15 451 016)147.34 (109.06~183.45)0.07 (-0.04~0.18)0.207
), ArticleFig(id=1324078360112017640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Joinpoint regression analysis of disease burden metrics attributable to high BMI for hypertensive heart disease in China and globally from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区分类指标时间(年)变化值(%)95%CIt值P值
中国标化死亡率APC1990—1992-1.36-2.44~-0.27-2.650.018
1992—2001-2.90-3.02~-2.78-51.94<0.001
2001—2006-4.93-5.27~-4.59-29.79<0.001
2006—20102.712.13~3.2910.09<0.001
2010—20161.521.24~1.7911.76<0.001
2016—20210.15-0.14~0.441.130.278
AAPC1990—2021-1.09-1.22~-0.96-16.54<0.001
标化DALYs率APC1990—2000-3.05-3.26~-2.84-30.01<0.001
2000—2006-4.84-5.39~-4.28-17.69<0.001
2006—20151.751.45~2.0512.12<0.001
2015—20210.18-0.34~0.700.730.474
AAPC1990—2021-1.41-1.58~-1.24-15.78<0.001
全球标化死亡率APC1990—1998-0.35-0.47~-0.24-6.26<0.001
1998—20020.840.28~1.393.180.005
2002—2006-0.19-0.75~0.37-0.710.485
2006—20170.750.66~0.8417.16<0.001
2017—2021-0.47-0.84~-0.09-2.620.017
AAPC1990—20210.190.08~0.313.40<0.001
标化DALYs率APC1990—1994-0.15-0.43~0.13-1.170.262
1994—1998-0.66-1.07~-0.24-3.350.004
1998—20020.590.17~1.022.980.009
2002—2006-0.37-0.79~0.06-1.860.083
2006—20190.490.45~0.5421.28<0.001
2019—2021-0.96-1.81~-0.11-2.390.030
AAPC1990—20210.07-0.04~0.181.260.207
), ArticleFig(id=1324078360195903721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078351090069667, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担指标joinpoint回归

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区分类指标时间(年)变化值(%)95%CIt值P值
中国标化死亡率APC1990—1992-1.36-2.44~-0.27-2.650.018
1992—2001-2.90-3.02~-2.78-51.94<0.001
2001—2006-4.93-5.27~-4.59-29.79<0.001
2006—20102.712.13~3.2910.09<0.001
2010—20161.521.24~1.7911.76<0.001
2016—20210.15-0.14~0.441.130.278
AAPC1990—2021-1.09-1.22~-0.96-16.54<0.001
标化DALYs率APC1990—2000-3.05-3.26~-2.84-30.01<0.001
2000—2006-4.84-5.39~-4.28-17.69<0.001
2006—20151.751.45~2.0512.12<0.001
2015—20210.18-0.34~0.700.730.474
AAPC1990—2021-1.41-1.58~-1.24-15.78<0.001
全球标化死亡率APC1990—1998-0.35-0.47~-0.24-6.26<0.001
1998—20020.840.28~1.393.180.005
2002—2006-0.19-0.75~0.37-0.710.485
2006—20170.750.66~0.8417.16<0.001
2017—2021-0.47-0.84~-0.09-2.620.017
AAPC1990—20210.190.08~0.313.40<0.001
标化DALYs率APC1990—1994-0.15-0.43~0.13-1.170.262
1994—1998-0.66-1.07~-0.24-3.350.004
1998—20020.590.17~1.022.980.009
2002—2006-0.37-0.79~0.06-1.860.083
2006—20190.490.45~0.5421.28<0.001
2019—2021-0.96-1.81~-0.11-2.390.030
AAPC1990—20210.07-0.04~0.181.260.207
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1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担变化趋势分析
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马丽 1 , 李鹏鹞 1 , 刘乾坤 2 , 黄菊菊 1 , 庞佳雪 1 , 徐洋 1 , 谢晖 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(1): 32-38
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (1) : 32 -38
1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担变化趋势分析
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马丽1, 李鹏鹞1, 刘乾坤2, 黄菊菊1, 庞佳雪1, 徐洋1, 谢晖1
作者信息
  • 1.蚌埠医医科大学护理学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 2.蚌埠市第一人民医院,安徽 蚌埠 233030
通讯作者:
谢晖,E-mail:
作者简介:

马丽(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社区护理,老年医学

Trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease attributed to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021
Li MA1, Peng-yao LI1, Qian-kun LIU2, Ju-ju HUANG1, Jia-xue PANG1, Yang XU1, Hui XIE1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409512
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目的

分析1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的高血压性心脏病疾病负担现状与趋势,以期为中国和全球制定肥胖与心血管疾病的防控策略提供数据支持。

方法

基于2021年全球疾病负担研究数据库,提取了高BMI相关高血压性心脏病伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)和死亡数据,描述2021年中国和全球高BMI导致的高血压性心脏病DALY、死亡总数、年龄标化死亡率以及1990—2021年的变化趋势,并采用joinpoint回归模型计算中国和全球1990—2021年标化DALY率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

2021年中国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率为6.90/10万(AAPC=-1.09,P<0.001)、标化DALYs率为 120.03/10万(AAPC=-1.41,P<0.001),呈现下降趋势;而全球标化死亡率为7.21/10万(AAPC=0.19,P<0.001)、标化DALYs率为 147.34/10万(AAPC=0.07),呈缓慢上升趋势。

结论

1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率、标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势,与全球的发展趋势相反;但女性和老年人群负担较重,因此仍需重视老年人的肥胖防控策略,加强宣传健康的生活模式,采取针对性措施和有效干预以减轻其疾病负担。

高血压性心脏病  /  高BMI  /  全球疾病负担研究  /  伤残调整寿命年
Objective

To analyze the current status and trends of hypertensive heart disease burden attributable to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, in order to provide data support for the development of obesity and cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies in China and worldwide.

Methods

Data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database. The total DALYs and number of deaths caused by high BMI-related hypertensive heart disease in China and globally in 2021, as well as the age-standardized mortality rate and trends from 1990 to 2021, were described. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized DALY and mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 in both China and globally.

Results

In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate attributable to high BMI-related hypertension heart disease in China was 6.90 per 100 000 (AAPC=-1.09, P<0.001), and the age-standardized DALY rate was 120.03 per 100 000 (AAPC=-1.41, P<0.001), both showing a downward trend. Globally, the age-standardized mortality rate was 7.21 per 100 000 (AAPC=0.19, P<0.001), and the age-standardized DALY rate was 147.34 per 100 000 (AAPC=0.07),showing a slow upward trend.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate for hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China showed a downward trend, contrary to the global trend. However,the burden was heavier among women and the elderly. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize obesity prevention and control strategies for the elderly, promote healthy lifestyle habits, and adopt targeted interventions to reduce the disease burden.

Hypertensive heart disease  /  High BMI  /  Global Burden of Disease Study  /  DALYs
马丽, 李鹏鹞, 刘乾坤, 黄菊菊, 庞佳雪, 徐洋, 谢晖. 1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担变化趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 32 -38 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409512
Li MA, Peng-yao LI, Qian-kun LIU, Ju-ju HUANG, Jia-xue PANG, Yang XU, Hui XIE. Trends in the burden of hypertensive heart disease attributed to high BMI in China and globally from 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 32 -38 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409512
心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)一直是全球主要致死性疾病之一,对各国公共卫生系统造成巨大压力,导致大量死亡和致残,并严重消耗医疗资源[1]。其中,高血压性心脏病是CVD的重要类型,随着人口老龄化与肥胖率上升,其疾病负担日益凸显。身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)是多种慢性病(如心血管疾病、糖尿病等)的明确危险因素[2]。在饮食结构和生活方式变化的推动下,高BMI已成为全球性的健康问题,并通过直接或间接机制加重心脏负荷、诱发慢性炎症,进而促进高血压性心脏病的发生与发展[3]。研究表明,与正常BMI相比,肥胖人群的生活质量显著下降,伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year, DALY)显著增加[4]。在全球范围内,高BMI相关高血压性心脏病的疾病负担存在明显的地区差异。中国作为全球人口最多的国家,近年来肥胖率显著上升,城市化与生活方式的转变进一步加剧这一趋势[5],亟需采取饮食干预、运动促进和健康管理等综合策略以应对此类疾病的负担增长。
然而,目前对高BMI相关高血压性心脏病长期疾病负担的系统分析仍较有限,大多数研究集中于某一时间点或特定人群的分析,尤其缺乏在全球和中国层面进行多时段的比较研究,特别是在中国地区高BMI引起的高血压性心脏病负担变化的系统研究尚属空白。因此,本研究将基于全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease, GBD)数据库所发布的最新数据,分析1990—2021年全球及中国高BMI引起的高血压性心脏病负担及其变化趋势,旨在为制定针对性防控政策、识别高危人群及优化资源配置提供科学依据。
本研究数据来源于GBD 2021数据库(https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2021),本研究对GBD数据进行筛选,指标为“DALYs”“Deaths”,危险因素选择“High body - mass index”,发病原因为“Hypertensive heart disease”,地区选取“China,Global”,年龄为“Age - standardized ”及20~24岁、25~29岁、30~34岁……>95岁(共16组,5岁间隔),性别选取“Both,Male,Female”,年份为“1990—2021年”。世界卫生组织定义成人超重为BMI≥25 kg/m2,肥胖为BMI≥30 kg/m2,在GBD 2021中高BMI是指BMI≥25 kg/m2。在GBD 2021的分析中,归因方法基于BMI与高血压性心脏病发生的相关性,使用了疾病负担模型,通过计算高BMI的相对风险和人口暴露数据,来估算高BMI对高血压性心脏病疾病负担的贡献。
本研究主要选择死亡和DALY的年龄标准化(简称标化)率为分析指标。其中DALY是一项目前评估疾病负担最为先进的综合评价指标之一,是指从发病到死亡所损失的全部健康寿命年,包括早死损失寿命年和伤残损失寿命年两部分。标准化率是通过统计学方法调整后的疾病发生率/死亡率,旨在消除不同人群的人口结构差异(如年龄、性别构成)对粗率的影响,而年龄标准化率是标准化率的特例,专门针对年龄结构差异进行调整。
本研究利用Excel完成数据的初步整理。利用R(4.2.2版)语言软件计算并绘制双侧图和趋势图来展示1990—2021年以上指标的变化趋势。使用 Joinpoint Regression Program 5.1.0软件计算中国 1990—2021年归因于高BMI因素的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率、标化DALY率的年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)及其95%置信区间(95% confidence interval,95% CI),检验水准α=0.05。其中APC和 AAPC等于0,表示无变化;APC和AAPC大于0,表示上升趋势;APC和AAPC小于0,表示下降趋势。
1990—2021年,中国与全球在归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担上呈现出截然相反的趋势。中国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率和标化DALY率分别从9.66/10万、182.57/10万下降至6.90/10万、120.03/10万(均P<0.001),而全球范围内这两个指标则呈轻微上升趋势,分别从6.83/10万、144.72/10万升至7.21/10万、147.34/10万。这一对比反映了我国在这一疾病领域的显著改善。见表1。
1990—2019年,中国归因于高BMI因素的高血压性心脏病的年龄标准化DALY率(age-standardized DALYs rate,ASDR)趋势在1990—2007年呈显著下降趋势,2007年后缓慢上升呈平稳趋势;相比之下,全球归因于高BMI因素的高血压性心脏病的 ASDR在 1990—2021年呈平稳趋势。此外,1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI因素的高血压性心脏病的年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR呈平稳趋势。见图1。
图2、3的数据显示1990—2021年,中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病在死亡率和DALYs两个维度上,均呈现随着年龄增长而增加达到峰值后逐渐下降的趋势。我国归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病疾病负担存在显著的年龄与性别差异,值得注意的是,女性在75岁以上高龄组的死亡率显著高于男性,提示女性高龄人群可能面临更高的疾病负担。见图2、3。
图4展示了1990—2021年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病标化死亡率和标化DALY率的joinpoint回归分析。结果显示,中国的疾病负担指标在2006年之前呈现显著的快速下降趋势,但在2006年之后趋势发生转折,随后趋于平稳。相比之下,全球的趋势则呈现出多阶段的波动性变化,下降与上升阶段交替出现。见表2、图4。
本研究基于GBD 2021年数据库全面评估了过去32年中国和全球归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病的死亡率和 DALYs。
本研究结果显示,1990—2021年,中国的ASMR呈下降趋势,而ASDR在1990—2007年显著下降后趋于平稳;相对而言,全球的ASMR和ASDR则持续上升,表明高血压性心脏病的负担存在显著地区差异。中国归因于高BMI指数的高血压性心脏病的疾病负担有所减轻,可能得益于以社区为基础的心血管疾病综合管理项目的实施[6]、公共卫生体系不断完善促使高血压早期发现与治疗[7],以及在“健康中国2030”战略引导下,针对老龄化与高血压管理的政策持续加强[8-10]。尽管中国的情况有所改善,然而全球尤其在中低社会人口学指数地区,该病的疾病负担仍居高不下[11],这可能与不健康的高钠饮食、缺乏运动、肥胖率上升以及患者对抗高血压药物的依从性差有关,导致高血压控制率低[12]。此外,健康政策、公共卫生干预、医疗资源分配等因素也影响了这些地区对高血压的认识和管理。
因此,全球范围内归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病负担尚未得到有效控制。各国需更加重视针对肥胖患者的高血压性心脏病防控策略,借鉴高社会人口学指数地区的成功经验,推广先进的医疗技术和公共卫生措施,加强国际合作,实施更有针对性、有效且精准的管理策略。
本研究发现,归因于高BMI的高血压性心脏病负担存在明显的年龄与性别差异。死亡人数和DALY均随年龄增长而上升,65岁及以上人群成为疾病负担的主要群体。这一趋势与老年人生理功能衰退密切相关:心血管调节能力下降、血管弹性减弱、常合并多种慢性病,共同增加了高血压性心脏病的发生风险[13-15]。高BMI则进一步加重心脏负荷、促进动脉硬化,使老年群体更易罹患心血管疾病[16]。因此,在老年人群中,肥胖与心血管疾病之间的关联更加复杂,需综合考虑多重风险因素。
在性别差异方面,虽然男性和女性都面临高血压性心脏病的威胁,但女性在老年阶段的DALY发生率往往高于男性,这可能与全球老年女性的超重和肥胖患病率显著高于老年男性有关[17]。绝经后女性失去了激素的保护作用,雌激素的降低使得女性在心血管健康方面的保护机制减弱[18],同时女性更易受到社会经济因素和心理健康问题的影响,所有这些因素共同作用使得女性在老年阶段面临更大的心血管疾病风险[19]。
因此,公共卫生策略应体现精准化导向,重点关注老年人群,并加强对高龄女性的早期筛查与健康管理,通过针对性干预降低高BMI相关高血压性心脏病的疾病负担。
研究显示BMI是高血压性心脏病的重要预测指标,且与死亡风险呈非线性关联[20]。2021年,中国因高BMI导致的高血压性心脏病死亡数较1990年增长了2.1倍,反映了与全球趋势一致的上升态势,这与经济发展带来的饮食结构变化、体力活动减少密切相关。2020年数据显示,中国老年人的超重和肥胖率分别达到41.7%和16.7%,随着人口老龄化加剧,高BMI相关疾病负担将持续加重[21]。为应对这一挑战,应积极推进以社区为基础的预防干预,倡导健康生活方式,包括合理膳食、适度运动和有效的体重控制。加大宣传力度,通过推广营养知识,鼓励居民选择低盐、低糖、高纤维的饮食,从而有效降低心血管疾病的风险[22]。此外,提高中年及青年人群的对肥胖和高血压的认知也至关重要,应帮助他们理解自身健康状况的重要性,并采取积极的生活方式,从而预防疾病的发生。
本研究存在一定的局限性:(1)中国不同地区在地理环境、经济水平和生活方式等方面存在明显差异,GBD数据库未提供不同地区的早发性癌症疾病负担数据,因此无法对城乡及省份间的差异进行深入分析,未来可进一步整合中国卫生统计年鉴等官方数据,建立区域分层数据库来探讨我国不同地区之间的疾病负担差距;(2)导致高血压性心脏病的风险因素较多,本研究仅对高BMI进行了深入探讨,未考虑高BMI因素与其他因素存在的相互作用;在以后的研究中可以加入其他重要的风险因素,如吸烟、饮酒、饮食习惯、运动水平等,通过多元回归分析等方法,探讨这些因素与高BMI之间的相互作用。
本研究基于GBD 2021数据,评估了1990—2021年中国与全球因高BMI导致的高血压性心脏病疾病负担变化。结果显示,全球因高BMI引起的缺血性脑卒中死亡人数和疾病调整生命年数显著上升,尤其在老年人群体中,反映出肥胖及其并发症对公共卫生的压力。相较之下,中国相关指标呈下降趋势,表明我国在肥胖管理和心血管疾病预防方面采取了更有效的措施。因此,应鼓励疾病负担较大的国家和地区政府和医疗保健机构通过改善卫生条件、加强早期筛查和促进健康生活方式等措施来减轻高血压性心脏病的负担,针对老年人群体,应加强健康教育、饮食指导、心理支持及合理配置医疗资源。
  • 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410367062)
  • 蚌埠医科大学龙湖英才项目(LH250201002)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409512
  • 接收时间:2024-09-29
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-29
基金
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410367062)
蚌埠医科大学龙湖英才项目(LH250201002)
作者信息
    1.蚌埠医医科大学护理学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030
    2.蚌埠市第一人民医院,安徽 蚌埠 233030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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