Article(id=1324078324099719903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751472000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614472651, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614472651, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614472651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614472651, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078175000605624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614437103, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614526046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=356, endPage=362, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078324296852192, articleId=1324078324099719903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Self-assessment of outbreak investigation ability and analysis of influencing factors in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions, Tianjin, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for enhancing their competency.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 874 epidemiological investigators across Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin from May to June 2024. The respondents conducted self-assessment of individual outbreak investigation ability according to their actual situation. The outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators and their main influencing factors were conducted through single factor analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

The total score M of outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin was 60.00 points. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the outbreak investigation ability score were: Age (aged 41-50: β=-5.060), Educational background (bachelor’s degree: β=6.685; postgraduate degree:β=11.336), No experience in infectious disease-related work (β=-2.519), No participation in on-site epidemiological training (β=-2.500), No participation in the outbreak investigation and disposal (β=-3.694), The number of case epidemiological investigations (>50 times: β=3.721), The number of trend analysis evaluations (1-5 times: β=9.903, 6-20 times: β=10.369, 21-50 times: β=8.401, >50 times: β=19.484), The number of completed epidemiological investigation reports (1-5 times: β=5.716, >5 times: β=5.058) (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

The main influencing factors include experience in handling epidemic outbreaks, the number of practical operations of epidemiological investigation core skills, systematic training, educational background, and age. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize practical training and drill mechanisms, and conduct outbreak investigation ability training at different levels for personnel of various age and educational background, to enhance the comprehensive handling ability of epidemiological investigators.

, authors=Fu-da DONG, Ping ZHOU, Rui WANG, Ning ZHOU, authorsList=Fu-da DONG, Ping ZHOU, Rui WANG, Ning ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ning ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078324674339553, articleId=1324078324099719903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=天津市疾控机构暴发调查能力自我评估及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估天津市疾控机构流行病学调查(以下简称流调)人员暴发调查能力,并探究其主要影响因素,为提高疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年5—6月对全市疾控机构的874名流调人员进行横断面问卷调查,被调查者根据自身实际情况进行个人暴发调查能力自我评估。采用单因素分析和多重线性回归分析探究流调人员暴发调查能力及其主要影响因素。

结果

全市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力总得分M为60.00分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(41~50岁:β=-5.060)、学历(本科:β=6.685;研究生:β=11.336)、未从事过传染病相关工作(β=-2.519)、未参加过现场流行病学培训(β=-2.500)、未参与过暴发调查处置(β=-3.694)、个案流调次数(> 50次:β=3.721)、趋势研判次数(1~5次:β=9.903;6~20次:β=10.369;21~50次:β=8.401;> 50次:β=19.484)、撰写流调报告次数(1~5次:β=5.716;> 5次:β=5.058)是暴发调查能力得分的主要影响因素(P均< 0.05)。

结论

暴发疫情处置相关工作经验、流调核心技能实操次数、系统性培训以及个人学历层次与年龄结构是影响暴发调查能力的主要因素,优化实战培训和演练机制,针对不同年龄和学历人员分层次开展暴发调查能力培训,提升流调人员的综合处置能力。

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董福达(1996—),男,硕士,医师,研究方向:突发公共卫生事件监测与处置

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周宁,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Assessment of epidemiologic investigation capacity to food safety incidents among prefectural and local CDC in Guangdong Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078335638250286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=管至为, 黄天翔, 张世翔, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管至为,黄天翔,张世翔,等.上海市疾病预防控制机构公共卫生应急队伍建设现状及问题分析[J].中国公共卫生,2025,41(1):73-79., articleTitle=上海市疾病预防控制机构公共卫生应急队伍建设现状及问题分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078335743107887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Guan ZW, Huang TX, Zhang SX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan ZW, Huang TX,Zhang SX, et al. The current status and problems of public health emergency response team building in disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai city[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025, 41(1): 73-79. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The current status and problems of public health emergency response team building in disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078335835382576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=张俊琪, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张俊琪.山东省县级疾控机构应急人员应急工作能力现状研究[D].济南:山东大学,2023., articleTitle=山东省县级疾控机构应急人员应急工作能力现状研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078335915074353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhang JQ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JQ. Study on emergency work ability among emergency personnel in country - level CDC in Shandong province[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2023. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on emergency work ability among emergency personnel in country - level CDC in Shandong province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078329241936649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家疾控局公共卫生人才培养支持项目, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078329359377162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, awardId=TJYXZDXK-3-004D, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市医学重点学科项目(TJYXZDXK-3-004D), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078324917609186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078324930192099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, companyId=1324078324917609186, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Public Health Emergency Response Office, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078324938580708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, companyId=1324078324917609186, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津市疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急办公室,天津 300011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078328562459395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The situation regarding the outbreak investigation ability of the epidemiological investigators of disease control and prevention institutions in Tianjin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
能力全市
M(Q1,Q3)
市级
M(Q1,Q3)
区级
M(Q1,Q3)
P值
调查前准备4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)0.470
证实暴发存在4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.890
核实诊断4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.359
制定病例定义4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.176
开展病例搜索4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.312
个案调查4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)0.490
描述时间分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.009
描述空间分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
描述人群分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.014
形成假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.014
开展病例对照研究检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
开展队列研究检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
开展卫生学调查检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)0.002
利用实验室结果检验假设3.00(2.00,4.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)3.00(2.00,4.00)0.009
实施控制措施4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.012
调查结果交流反馈3.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)< 0.001
总分60.00(48.00,66.25)64.00(48.00,74.50)59.00(48.00,65.00)0.024
), ArticleFig(id=1324078328663122692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天津市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力掌握情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
能力全市
M(Q1,Q3)
市级
M(Q1,Q3)
区级
M(Q1,Q3)
P值
调查前准备4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)0.470
证实暴发存在4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.890
核实诊断4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.359
制定病例定义4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.176
开展病例搜索4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.312
个案调查4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)0.490
描述时间分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.009
描述空间分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
描述人群分布特征4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.014
形成假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.014
开展病例对照研究检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
开展队列研究检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.001
开展卫生学调查检验假设4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)0.002
利用实验室结果检验假设3.00(2.00,4.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)3.00(2.00,4.00)0.009
实施控制措施4.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)4.00(3.00,4.00)0.012
调查结果交流反馈3.00(3.00,4.00)4.00(3.00,5.00)3.00(3.00,4.00)< 0.001
总分60.00(48.00,66.25)64.00(48.00,74.50)59.00(48.00,65.00)0.024
), ArticleFig(id=1324078328730231557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Single factor analysis of outbreak investigation ability of the epidemiological investigators of disease control and prevention institutions in Tianjin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数[n(%)]M(Q1,Q3)P值
单位级别0.024
市级133(15.22)64.00(48.00,74.50)
区级741(84.78)59.00(48.00,65.00)
性别0.012
男269(30.78)64.00(48.00,69.00)
女605(69.22)57.00(48.00,65.00)
年龄(岁)0.032
21~30229(26.20)59.00(48.00,64.00)
31~40371(42.45)61.00(48.00,69.00)
41~50218(24.94)57.50(43.00,69.25)
51~6056(6.41)58.00(41.50,67.00)
学历<0.001
大专及以下39(4.46)41.00(30.00,54.00)
本科546(62.47)57.00(48.00,65.00)
研究生289(33.07)64.00(51.00,73.50)
专业背景<0.001
公共卫生与预防医学类702(80.32)63.00(48.00,69.00)
其他医学类141(16.13)49.00(34.00,64.00)
非医学类31(3.55)48.00(43.00,57.00)
工作年限(年)0.896
<129(3.32)64.00(48.50,68.50)
1~5231(26.43)61.00(48.00,64.00)
6~10224(25.63)58.50(48.00,65.75)
>10390(44.62)59.50(44.00,71.00)
职称<0.001
初级及无职称350(40.05)57.00(48.00,64.00)
中级331(37.87)58.00(48.00,65.00)
高级193(22.08)64.00(50.00,76.00)
公共卫生类别医师<0.001
是606(69.34)64.00(49.00,71.00)
否268(30.66)50.00(37.25,64.00)
从事过传染病相关工作<0.001
是547(62.59)64.00(48.00,71.00)
否327(37.41)53.00(47.00,64.00)
参加过现场流行病学培训<0.001
是179(20.48)65.00(54.00,76.00)
否695(79.52)57.00(48.00,64.00)
参与过暴发调查处置<0.001
是555(63.50)64.00(51.00,72.00)
否319(36.50)49.00(41.00,64.00)
个案流调次数(次)<0.001
0100(11.44)48.00(35.25,64.00)
1~5117(13.39)53.00(44.00,64.00)
6~20158(18.08)57.50(48.00,66.00)
21~50122(13.96)58.50(48.00,67.00)
>50377(43.14)64.00(49.50,70.00)
趋势研判次数(次)<0.001
0732(83.75)55.00(47.00,64.00)
1~581(9.27)71.00(64.00,78.50)
6~2039(4.46)77.00(71.00,80.00)
21~5010(1.14)77.00(68.50,80.00)
>5012(1.37)79.00(69.00,80.00)
撰写流调报告次数(次)<0.001
0619(70.82)53.00(46.00,64.00)
1~5159(18.19)68.00(61.00,77.00)
>596(10.98)65.00(56.00,78.50)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078328830894854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

天津市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力单因素分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数[n(%)]M(Q1,Q3)P值
单位级别0.024
市级133(15.22)64.00(48.00,74.50)
区级741(84.78)59.00(48.00,65.00)
性别0.012
男269(30.78)64.00(48.00,69.00)
女605(69.22)57.00(48.00,65.00)
年龄(岁)0.032
21~30229(26.20)59.00(48.00,64.00)
31~40371(42.45)61.00(48.00,69.00)
41~50218(24.94)57.50(43.00,69.25)
51~6056(6.41)58.00(41.50,67.00)
学历<0.001
大专及以下39(4.46)41.00(30.00,54.00)
本科546(62.47)57.00(48.00,65.00)
研究生289(33.07)64.00(51.00,73.50)
专业背景<0.001
公共卫生与预防医学类702(80.32)63.00(48.00,69.00)
其他医学类141(16.13)49.00(34.00,64.00)
非医学类31(3.55)48.00(43.00,57.00)
工作年限(年)0.896
<129(3.32)64.00(48.50,68.50)
1~5231(26.43)61.00(48.00,64.00)
6~10224(25.63)58.50(48.00,65.75)
>10390(44.62)59.50(44.00,71.00)
职称<0.001
初级及无职称350(40.05)57.00(48.00,64.00)
中级331(37.87)58.00(48.00,65.00)
高级193(22.08)64.00(50.00,76.00)
公共卫生类别医师<0.001
是606(69.34)64.00(49.00,71.00)
否268(30.66)50.00(37.25,64.00)
从事过传染病相关工作<0.001
是547(62.59)64.00(48.00,71.00)
否327(37.41)53.00(47.00,64.00)
参加过现场流行病学培训<0.001
是179(20.48)65.00(54.00,76.00)
否695(79.52)57.00(48.00,64.00)
参与过暴发调查处置<0.001
是555(63.50)64.00(51.00,72.00)
否319(36.50)49.00(41.00,64.00)
个案流调次数(次)<0.001
0100(11.44)48.00(35.25,64.00)
1~5117(13.39)53.00(44.00,64.00)
6~20158(18.08)57.50(48.00,66.00)
21~50122(13.96)58.50(48.00,67.00)
>50377(43.14)64.00(49.50,70.00)
趋势研判次数(次)<0.001
0732(83.75)55.00(47.00,64.00)
1~581(9.27)71.00(64.00,78.50)
6~2039(4.46)77.00(71.00,80.00)
21~5010(1.14)77.00(68.50,80.00)
>5012(1.37)79.00(69.00,80.00)
撰写流调报告次数(次)<0.001
0619(70.82)53.00(46.00,64.00)
1~5159(18.19)68.00(61.00,77.00)
>596(10.98)65.00(56.00,78.50)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078328927363847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of outbreak investigation ability of the epidemiological investigators of disease control and prevention institutions in Tianjin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β(95%CI)SEβP值
(常量)53.935(47.127~60.743)3.469-<0.001
单位级别
市级---
区级-1.866(-4.584~0.851)1.384-0.0430.178
性别
男---
女-1.442(-3.298~0.415)0.946-0.0430.128
年龄(岁)
21~30---
31~40-2.588(-5.389~0.213)1.427-0.0830.070
41~50-5.060(-8.545~-1.575)1.776-0.1410.004
51~60-1.016(-5.821~3.790)2.448-0.0160.678
学历
大专及以下---
本科6.685(2.114~11.256)2.3290.2090.004
研究生11.336(6.383~16.288)2.5230.344<0.001
专业背景
公共卫生与预防医学类---
其他医学类-3.004(-6.116 ~ 0.107)1.585-0.0710.058
非医学类-3.410(-8.282 ~ 1.462)2.482-0.0410.170
职称
初级及无职称---
中级-1.271(-3.796~1.254)1.286-0.0400.323
高级2.205(-1.021~5.432)1.6440.0590.180
公共卫生类别医师
是---
否-2.347(-4.877~0.182)1.289-0.0700.069
从事过传染病相关工作
是---
否-2.159(-4.018~-0.300)0.947-0.0670.023
参加过现场流行病学培训
是---
否-2.500(-4.713~-0.287)1.127-0.0650.027
参与过暴发调查处置
是---
否-3.694(-5.750~-1.638)1.048-0.115<0.001
个案流调次数(次)
0---
1~50.549(-2.998~4.096)1.8070.0120.761
6~201.574(-1.840~4.989)1.7400.0390.366
21~502.179(-1.460~5.818)1.8540.0490.240
>503.721(0.420~7.021)1.6810.1190.027
趋势研判次数(次)
0---
1~59.903(6.827~12.979)1.5670.185<0.001
6~2010.369(5.962~14.777)2.2460.138<0.001
21~508.401(0.405~16.397)4.0740.0580.039
>5019.484(12.221~26.747)3.7010.146<0.001
撰写流调报告次数(次)
0---
1~55.716(3.238~8.194)1.2620.142<0.001
>55.058(2.143~7.973)1.4850.102<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078329116107528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078324099719903, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

天津市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力多重线性回归分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β(95%CI)SEβP值
(常量)53.935(47.127~60.743)3.469-<0.001
单位级别
市级---
区级-1.866(-4.584~0.851)1.384-0.0430.178
性别
男---
女-1.442(-3.298~0.415)0.946-0.0430.128
年龄(岁)
21~30---
31~40-2.588(-5.389~0.213)1.427-0.0830.070
41~50-5.060(-8.545~-1.575)1.776-0.1410.004
51~60-1.016(-5.821~3.790)2.448-0.0160.678
学历
大专及以下---
本科6.685(2.114~11.256)2.3290.2090.004
研究生11.336(6.383~16.288)2.5230.344<0.001
专业背景
公共卫生与预防医学类---
其他医学类-3.004(-6.116 ~ 0.107)1.585-0.0710.058
非医学类-3.410(-8.282 ~ 1.462)2.482-0.0410.170
职称
初级及无职称---
中级-1.271(-3.796~1.254)1.286-0.0400.323
高级2.205(-1.021~5.432)1.6440.0590.180
公共卫生类别医师
是---
否-2.347(-4.877~0.182)1.289-0.0700.069
从事过传染病相关工作
是---
否-2.159(-4.018~-0.300)0.947-0.0670.023
参加过现场流行病学培训
是---
否-2.500(-4.713~-0.287)1.127-0.0650.027
参与过暴发调查处置
是---
否-3.694(-5.750~-1.638)1.048-0.115<0.001
个案流调次数(次)
0---
1~50.549(-2.998~4.096)1.8070.0120.761
6~201.574(-1.840~4.989)1.7400.0390.366
21~502.179(-1.460~5.818)1.8540.0490.240
>503.721(0.420~7.021)1.6810.1190.027
趋势研判次数(次)
0---
1~59.903(6.827~12.979)1.5670.185<0.001
6~2010.369(5.962~14.777)2.2460.138<0.001
21~508.401(0.405~16.397)4.0740.0580.039
>5019.484(12.221~26.747)3.7010.146<0.001
撰写流调报告次数(次)
0---
1~55.716(3.238~8.194)1.2620.142<0.001
>55.058(2.143~7.973)1.4850.102<0.001
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天津市疾控机构暴发调查能力自我评估及影响因素分析
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董福达 , 周萍 , 王瑞 , 周宁
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(2): 356-362
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (2) : 356 -362
天津市疾控机构暴发调查能力自我评估及影响因素分析
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董福达, 周萍, 王瑞, 周宁
作者信息
  • 天津市疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急办公室,天津 300011
通讯作者:
周宁,E-mail:
作者简介:

董福达(1996—),男,硕士,医师,研究方向:突发公共卫生事件监测与处置

Self-assessment of outbreak investigation ability and analysis of influencing factors in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions, Tianjin
Fu-da DONG, Ping ZHOU, Rui WANG, Ning ZHOU
Affiliations
  • Public Health Emergency Response Office, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507051
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目的

评估天津市疾控机构流行病学调查(以下简称流调)人员暴发调查能力,并探究其主要影响因素,为提高疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年5—6月对全市疾控机构的874名流调人员进行横断面问卷调查,被调查者根据自身实际情况进行个人暴发调查能力自我评估。采用单因素分析和多重线性回归分析探究流调人员暴发调查能力及其主要影响因素。

结果

全市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力总得分M为60.00分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(41~50岁:β=-5.060)、学历(本科:β=6.685;研究生:β=11.336)、未从事过传染病相关工作(β=-2.519)、未参加过现场流行病学培训(β=-2.500)、未参与过暴发调查处置(β=-3.694)、个案流调次数(> 50次:β=3.721)、趋势研判次数(1~5次:β=9.903;6~20次:β=10.369;21~50次:β=8.401;> 50次:β=19.484)、撰写流调报告次数(1~5次:β=5.716;> 5次:β=5.058)是暴发调查能力得分的主要影响因素(P均< 0.05)。

结论

暴发疫情处置相关工作经验、流调核心技能实操次数、系统性培训以及个人学历层次与年龄结构是影响暴发调查能力的主要因素,优化实战培训和演练机制,针对不同年龄和学历人员分层次开展暴发调查能力培训,提升流调人员的综合处置能力。

疾控机构  /  流调人员  /  暴发调查  /  能力评估  /  影响因素
Objective

To evaluate the outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for enhancing their competency.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 874 epidemiological investigators across Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin from May to June 2024. The respondents conducted self-assessment of individual outbreak investigation ability according to their actual situation. The outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators and their main influencing factors were conducted through single factor analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

The total score M of outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin was 60.00 points. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the outbreak investigation ability score were: Age (aged 41-50: β=-5.060), Educational background (bachelor’s degree: β=6.685; postgraduate degree:β=11.336), No experience in infectious disease-related work (β=-2.519), No participation in on-site epidemiological training (β=-2.500), No participation in the outbreak investigation and disposal (β=-3.694), The number of case epidemiological investigations (>50 times: β=3.721), The number of trend analysis evaluations (1-5 times: β=9.903, 6-20 times: β=10.369, 21-50 times: β=8.401, >50 times: β=19.484), The number of completed epidemiological investigation reports (1-5 times: β=5.716, >5 times: β=5.058) (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

The main influencing factors include experience in handling epidemic outbreaks, the number of practical operations of epidemiological investigation core skills, systematic training, educational background, and age. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize practical training and drill mechanisms, and conduct outbreak investigation ability training at different levels for personnel of various age and educational background, to enhance the comprehensive handling ability of epidemiological investigators.

Disease Control and Prevention Institutions  /  Epidemiological investigators  /  Outbreak investigation  /  Ability assessment  /  Influencing factors
董福达, 周萍, 王瑞, 周宁. 天津市疾控机构暴发调查能力自我评估及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (2) : 356 -362 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507051
Fu-da DONG, Ping ZHOU, Rui WANG, Ning ZHOU. Self-assessment of outbreak investigation ability and analysis of influencing factors in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions, Tianjin[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (2) : 356 -362 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507051
突发公共卫生事件的频发对疾控机构卫生应急处置能力提出了更高要求,其中流行病学调查(以下简称流调)是疫情控制的核心环节[1-2]。现场流调贯穿突发公共卫生事件卫生应急处置的全过程,调查结果是各级政府对事件进行预测、预警,确定应急响应级别的重要参考依据[3-5]。在突发疫情等紧急情况中,高效精准的流调工作依赖于流调人员的暴发调查能力,该能力是指流调人员应对突发公共卫生事件时,通过收集、整理和分析数据,明确传播途径、感染来源及严重程度等信息,为制定防控策略提供依据,以及通过评估并调整措施以控制传播、降低危害的综合能力[6]。尽管新冠疫情期间我国流调队伍积累了实战经验,但区域性暴发调查能力差异及薄弱环节仍需系统性评估[7-8]。本研究分析天津市疾控机构流调人员的暴发调查能力自我认知水平,并探讨其主要影响因素,为针对性强化暴发调查能力提供科学依据,进一步提升公共卫生应急处置能力。
于2024年5—6月对全市疾控机构流调人员进行普查,通过调查问卷形式收集信息。调查对象纳入标准:满足以下任一条件即可纳入,(1)传染病防控相关科室人员;(2)流调队伍或应急处置队伍中负责流调人员;(3)现场流行病学培训人员;(4)曾参与过现场流调人员。最终发放问卷889份,回收有效问卷874份,问卷有效率98.31%。
采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方式。调查对象知情同意后,在线匿名填写问卷,由专人负责数据收集工作。
(1)基本情况,包括单位级别、性别、年龄等;(2)现场流调处置相关工作情况,包括暴发疫情处置相关工作经验及流调核心技能实操次数等;(3)暴发调查能力掌握情况,按照暴发调查步骤共分为16个条目(如调查前准备、证实暴发存在、核实诊断、制定病例定义等),每个条目对应若干技能要求。采用Likert 5级评分法自我评估:从未听说过;听说过,但不理解,也不清楚怎么做;听说过,仅理解部分内容,在他人指导下可开展;理解全部内容,但仍需在他人指导下才能开展;掌握全部内容,并且能够独立开展。如“调查前准备应了解疫情的进展,做好调查人员安排,现场采样及防护等物资的准备,流调人员根据自己的掌握情况及评分标准进行自我评分。”问卷可靠性分析Cronbach α 系数值为0.927,因子分析KMO值为0.958,Bartlett球形度检验近似χ2值为28 942.514(P<0.001),表明量表具有较好的信效度。
线上问卷设置必填项、跳转项等,对存在变量缺失的问卷自动拦截,同时通过制定暴发调查能力自我评分标准以及采用线上全程匿名填写,以减少社会期望偏差导致的夸大倾向。在数据清洗阶段,审核员对问卷填写内容进行复核,针对异常值实施定向回访修正。
采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验与Shapiro-Wilk检验对流调人员暴发调查能力得分进行正态性检验。由于本研究中流调人员暴发调查能力得分不服从正态分布,所以描述性统计采用M(Q1,Q3)表示,组间比较用非参数检验方法(两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验)。多重线性回归模型对暴发调查能力主要影响因素进行分析,检验水准α=0.05。
在874名流调人员中,市级疾控机构133人(15.22%),区级疾控机构741人(84.78%);男性269人(30.78%),女性605人(69.22%);平均年龄36.55±7.82岁;学历以本科546人(62.47%)和研究生289人(33.07%)为主;公共卫生与预防医学类相关专业702人(80.32%)和公共卫生类别医师606人(69.34%)占比较高;平均工作年限11.68±8.96年;职称以初级及无职称350人(40.05%)和中级职称331人(37.87%)为主。
从事过传染病相关工作的人员547人(62.59%);参加过现场流行病学培训的人员仅179人(20.48%);参与过暴发调查处置的人员为555人(63.50%);开展个案流调次数大于50次的人员377人(43.14%);未开展过趋势研判的人员732人(83.75%);未撰写过流调报告的人员619人(70.82%)。
全市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力总得分M为60.00分,市级和区级总得分M分别为64.00分和59.00分。市级在描述三间分布特征、形成假设、开展检验性假设、实施控制措施以及调查结果交流反馈等10项能力得分均显著高于区级。见表1。
单位级别、性别、年龄、学历、专业背景、职称、公共卫生类别医师、传染病相关工作、现场流行病学培训、暴发调查处置、个案流调次数、趋势研判次数以及撰写流调报告次数等13个变量的暴发调查能力得分差异有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。见表2。
以流调人员暴发调查能力总得分为因变量,将单因素分析中P<0.05的变量作为自变量,采用多重线性回归分析筛选暴发调查能力的主要影响因素。多重共线性诊断结果显示,自变量方差膨胀因子(VIF)均 < 10,提示自变量间不存在多重共线性。多重线性回归模型中,年龄、学历、现场流行病学培训、暴发疫情处置相关工作经验(传染病相关工作、暴发调查处置)及流调核心技能实操次数(个案流调、趋势研判和撰写流调报告次数)为流调人员暴发调查能力的主要影响因素(P均<0.05)。见表3。
全市疾控机构流调队伍中青年和工作10年以上的人员占比较高,提示该流调队伍兼具工作实践经验和体能优势。研究生学历及公共卫生与预防医学类专业背景的人员占比分别为33.07%和80.32%,流调队伍呈现高学历和专业化趋势,这与近年来加强公共卫生学科建设和人才培养作为提升公共卫生应急防控能力的重要举措相关,进一步保证流调的科学性和规范性[9]。
全市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力总得分M为60.00分。市级在描述三间分布特征、形成假设、开展检验性假设、实施控制措施以及调查结果交流反馈等10项能力得分均显著高于区级,曾鹏等[4]也同样发现重庆市级疾控机构在流行病学分析以及核实诊断等能力优于区县级。这可能与市级人员接受过更系统的培训和演练,具备更丰富的现场处置经验及承担更复杂的卫生应急处置任务有关[10-11]。应通过市级技术下沉等方式强化区级流行病学分析能力[12]。全市在“利用实验室结果检验假设”方面能力均处于弱项,这可能与部分流调人员缺乏病原学检测背景及对实验室数据的解读能力不足有关。
多重线性回归分析显示,暴发疫情处置相关工作经验及流调核心技能实操次数与流调人员的暴发调查能力得分呈显著正相关,提示暴发调查处置实践经验丰富的人员,其流调知识及专业技能得到系统性提升,进而使其暴发调查能力得到快速增强[13]。然而,83.75%的人员未开展过趋势研判且70.82%的人员未撰写过流调报告,反映出流调人员在暴发调查中全流程深度参与度较低、实践机会不足等问题。参加过现场流行病学培训的流调人员暴发调查能力得分高于无相关经历者,说明现场流行病学培训对提升暴发调查能力有重要作用[14-15]。但是全市流调人员现场流行病学培训参与度仅为20.48%,培训覆盖率较低,与全国其他省份疾控现状较类似[16-17]。此外,学历因素也是影响流调人员暴发调查能力得分的一个主要因素,可能高学历人员具备更强的暴发调查理论知识和实践能力,应对突发公共卫生事件的能力显著高于其他人群[18]。然而,本研究发现41~50岁人员暴发调查能力得分显著低于21~30岁人员,张俊琪等[19]研究也同样发现山东省县级疾控机构应急人员应急工作能力呈现相似的年龄变化趋势。这可能与41~50岁人员参加现场流行病学培训的比例低于21~30岁人员,培训作为更新知识和技能的重要途径,其参与度的差异可能是导致暴发调查能力得分差距的一个重要原因。
本研究采用自我评估方法调查天津市疾控机构流调人员暴发调查能力掌握情况,自我评估结果可能存在社会期许偏倚。但在调查问卷中对各项能力指标制定了清晰、具体的评分标准,减少主观判断误差,且采用全程匿名的方式线上收集数据,自我评估结果能较好地客观反映流调人员的实际能力水平。
综上,暴发疫情处置相关工作经验、流调核心技能实操次数、系统性培训以及个人学历层次与年龄结构是影响暴发调查能力的主要因素。建议强化流调人员暴发调查全流程实操培训演练。同时建立市、区两级联动培训机制,扩大现场流行病学培训覆盖面,针对不同年龄和学历人员分层次开展暴发调查能力培训,有效提升流调人员的暴发调查综合能力,为应对突发公共卫生事件提供更有力的支持。
  • 国家疾控局公共卫生人才培养支持项目
  • 天津市医学重点学科项目(TJYXZDXK-3-004D)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507051
  • 接收时间:2025-07-03
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03
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国家疾控局公共卫生人才培养支持项目
天津市医学重点学科项目(TJYXZDXK-3-004D)
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    天津市疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件应急办公室,天津 300011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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