Article(id=1324078320362599387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509142, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757260800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614471759, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614471759, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614471759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614471759, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078175000605624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614437103, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614526046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=299, endPage=303, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078322191315932, articleId=1324078320362599387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current situation of public health responsibility development in public hospitals, Jiangxi, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the current status of public health responsibility development in public hospitals in Jiangxi Province and to propose targeted strategies.

Methods

A stratified random sampling approach was applied to select 271 hospitals across Jiangxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted covering eight dimensions, including disease prevention and control-public health collaboration. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were employed to assess the status of public health responsibility development in public hospitals and to compare differences across hospital levels.

Results

A total of 258 hospitals were included in the study. Among them, 94.57% provided basic public health services, 89.15% had established independent public health departments, but only 49.22% had dedicated staff with a public health background. Significant differences were observed across hospital levels. Tertiary hospitals performed significantly better in establishing surveillance and early warning systems (100%), departments for infectious diseases (98.25%), and intelligent monitoring (84.21%) (P<0.05). Primary hospitals performed better in the coverage of basic public health services (100%) and public health performance evaluation (91.74%). In contrast, secondary hospitals lagged behind in establishing independent public health departments and staff training. General hospitals demonstrated overall superiority compared with non-general hospitals.

Conclusion

There are significant level-based differences in the implementation of public health functions in public hospitals in Jiangxi Province, requiring tailored strategies for each level.

, authors=Xiao-yan WU1, 2, Miao-miao GU1, Wei-li XU1, He HUANG1, Chun ZENG1, Xiang-qun MAO1, authorsList=Xiao-yan WU, Miao-miao GU, Wei-li XU, He HUANG, Chun ZENG, Xiang-qun MAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang-qun MAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078322933707741, articleId=1324078320362599387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况调查, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况,提出精准对策。

方法

采用分层随机抽样,对江西省271家医院通过问卷调查疾病防治等8个维度,运用描述性分析和卡方检验分析公立医院公共卫生职责建设情况及不同层级的差异。

结果

共纳入258家医院,94.57%的医院开展了基本公共卫生服务,89.15%设立独立公共卫生科,但仅49.22%配备公共卫生专业背景专职人员。不同级别医院公共卫生职责建设存在差异,三级医院在监测预警体系(100%)、感染性疾病科(98.25%)、智慧化监测(84.21%)等方面明显领先(P<0.05);一级医院在基本公共卫生服务覆盖率(100%)和公卫绩效考核(91.74%)等方面落实较好;二级医院在独立公卫科室设立和人员培训等方面落后。综合医院整体情况优于非综合医院。

结论

江西省公立医院公卫职责落实存在显著层级差异,需要因层施策。

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吴小燕(1997—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:疾病控制管理

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毛向群,E-mail:
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吴小燕(1997—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:疾病控制管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Assessment on the capacity in infectious diseases prevention and control of medical and health institutions in Huairou district, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078333201362990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=李刚, 冯达, 唐尚锋, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李刚,冯达,唐尚锋,等.中国现代公共卫生医师制度建设研究[J].中国公共卫生,2019,35(1):118-121., articleTitle=中国现代公共卫生医师制度建设研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078333264277551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Li G, Feng D, Tang SF, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G, Feng D, Tang SF, et al. System construction for modern public health physician regime in China: an analysis based on system theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2019, 35(1): 118-121. 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Development dilemma and countermeasures of public health physicians under the background of the integration of medical treatment and prevention[J]. Medicine and Jurisprudence, 2025, 17(1): 30-35. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Development dilemma and countermeasures of public health physicians under the background of the integration of medical treatment and prevention, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078333499158578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=3, pageEnd=5, 10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=陈家应, 胡丹, journalName=卫生经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈家应,胡丹.医防融合:内涵、障碍与对策[J].卫生经济研究,2021,38(8):3-5, 10., articleTitle=医防融合:内涵、障碍与对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078333570461747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=3, pageEnd=5, 10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Chen JY, Hu D, journalName=Health Economics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen JY, Hu D. Medical and prevention integration: connotation, obstacles and countermeasures[J]. Health Economics Research, 2021, 38(8): 3-5, 10. 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Construction of public health workforce in medical institutions in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计
(n=258)
三级医院
(n=57)
二级医院
(n=92)
一级医院
(n=109)
χ2P
n%n%n%n%
明确专职公卫岗位人员职责23791.865596.497884.7810495.41-0.012c
公卫继教纳入年度考核20177.914375.446570.659385.326.500.039c
明确专职公卫岗位人员待遇18069.774273.685357.618577.9810.350.006c
相关部门的公卫人员收入不低于本单位同年资医务人员平均水平17367.053764.915458.708275.236.330.042c
医院和公卫机构交叉培训16563.953663.165054.357972.487.130.028c
公卫专技人员和医疗机构临床医生交叉培训16162.403866.674852.177568.816.450.040c
相关部门的公卫人员给予相应的津贴和保障15258.913256.144346.747770.6412.010.002c
建立公卫专技人员和医疗机构临床医生交叉培训制度15058.143866.674245.657064.229.250.010ac
明确首席公共卫生专家职责8633.335189.472325.001211.01108.160.000abc
首席公共卫生专家8532.955291.232325.00109.17118.150.000abc
明确首席公共卫生专家待遇6926.744884.211111.96109.17123.520.000ab
), ArticleFig(id=1324078327438389256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江西省医疗机构公共卫生队伍建设情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计
(n=258)
三级医院
(n=57)
二级医院
(n=92)
一级医院
(n=109)
χ2P
n%n%n%n%
明确专职公卫岗位人员职责23791.865596.497884.7810495.41-0.012c
公卫继教纳入年度考核20177.914375.446570.659385.326.500.039c
明确专职公卫岗位人员待遇18069.774273.685357.618577.9810.350.006c
相关部门的公卫人员收入不低于本单位同年资医务人员平均水平17367.053764.915458.708275.236.330.042c
医院和公卫机构交叉培训16563.953663.165054.357972.487.130.028c
公卫专技人员和医疗机构临床医生交叉培训16162.403866.674852.177568.816.450.040c
相关部门的公卫人员给予相应的津贴和保障15258.913256.144346.747770.6412.010.002c
建立公卫专技人员和医疗机构临床医生交叉培训制度15058.143866.674245.657064.229.250.010ac
明确首席公共卫生专家职责8633.335189.472325.001211.01108.160.000abc
首席公共卫生专家8532.955291.232325.00109.17118.150.000abc
明确首席公共卫生专家待遇6926.744884.211111.96109.17123.520.000ab
), ArticleFig(id=1324078327568412681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Medical and public health collaboration in infectious disease prevention and control in medical institutions in Jiangxi Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计
(n=258)
三级医院
(n=57)
二级医院
(n=92)
一级医院
(n=109)
χ2P
n%n%n%n%
加入医联体或医共体24394.195291.238491.3010798.17-0.047
接受上级医院人才帮助24193.415291.238390.2210697.25-0.007
重大突发公共卫生事件及时发起会商21382.565494.747480.438577.987.740.021ab
派驻疾控监督员18772.485087.726570.657266.069.050.011ab
传染病职能监测预警前置软件的安装应用18471.325596.498491.304541.2883.690.000bc
建立多学科的传染病应急救治团队14355.435392.986469.572623.8583.970.000abc
建立智慧化多点触发监测预警机制14154.654884.215761.963633.0342.640.000abc
加入专科联盟12648.845087.725559.782119.2777.050.000abc
为医联体或医共体的主体单位10038.763968.424447.831715.6057.180.000abc
), ArticleFig(id=1324078327690047498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078320362599387, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

江西省医疗机构传染病防控医防协同情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计
(n=258)
三级医院
(n=57)
二级医院
(n=92)
一级医院
(n=109)
χ2P
n%n%n%n%
加入医联体或医共体24394.195291.238491.3010798.17-0.047
接受上级医院人才帮助24193.415291.238390.2210697.25-0.007
重大突发公共卫生事件及时发起会商21382.565494.747480.438577.987.740.021ab
派驻疾控监督员18772.485087.726570.657266.069.050.011ab
传染病职能监测预警前置软件的安装应用18471.325596.498491.304541.2883.690.000bc
建立多学科的传染病应急救治团队14355.435392.986469.572623.8583.970.000abc
建立智慧化多点触发监测预警机制14154.654884.215761.963633.0342.640.000abc
加入专科联盟12648.845087.725559.782119.2777.050.000abc
为医联体或医共体的主体单位10038.763968.424447.831715.6057.180.000abc
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江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况调查
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吴小燕 1, 2 , 谷苗苗 1 , 徐伟丽 1 , 黄河 1 , 曾纯 1 , 毛向群 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(2): 299-303
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (2) : 299 -303
江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况调查
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吴小燕1, 2, 谷苗苗1, 徐伟丽1, 黄河1, 曾纯1, 毛向群1
作者信息
  • 1.江西省疾病预防控制中心,江西 南昌 330029
  • 2.九江市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
毛向群,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴小燕(1997—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:疾病控制管理

Current situation of public health responsibility development in public hospitals, Jiangxi
Xiao-yan WU1, 2, Miao-miao GU1, Wei-li XU1, He HUANG1, Chun ZENG1, Xiang-qun MAO1
Affiliations
  • Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509142
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目的

了解江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况,提出精准对策。

方法

采用分层随机抽样,对江西省271家医院通过问卷调查疾病防治等8个维度,运用描述性分析和卡方检验分析公立医院公共卫生职责建设情况及不同层级的差异。

结果

共纳入258家医院,94.57%的医院开展了基本公共卫生服务,89.15%设立独立公共卫生科,但仅49.22%配备公共卫生专业背景专职人员。不同级别医院公共卫生职责建设存在差异,三级医院在监测预警体系(100%)、感染性疾病科(98.25%)、智慧化监测(84.21%)等方面明显领先(P<0.05);一级医院在基本公共卫生服务覆盖率(100%)和公卫绩效考核(91.74%)等方面落实较好;二级医院在独立公卫科室设立和人员培训等方面落后。综合医院整体情况优于非综合医院。

结论

江西省公立医院公卫职责落实存在显著层级差异,需要因层施策。

公共卫生  /  公立医院  /  现况调查
Objective

To examine the current status of public health responsibility development in public hospitals in Jiangxi Province and to propose targeted strategies.

Methods

A stratified random sampling approach was applied to select 271 hospitals across Jiangxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted covering eight dimensions, including disease prevention and control-public health collaboration. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were employed to assess the status of public health responsibility development in public hospitals and to compare differences across hospital levels.

Results

A total of 258 hospitals were included in the study. Among them, 94.57% provided basic public health services, 89.15% had established independent public health departments, but only 49.22% had dedicated staff with a public health background. Significant differences were observed across hospital levels. Tertiary hospitals performed significantly better in establishing surveillance and early warning systems (100%), departments for infectious diseases (98.25%), and intelligent monitoring (84.21%) (P<0.05). Primary hospitals performed better in the coverage of basic public health services (100%) and public health performance evaluation (91.74%). In contrast, secondary hospitals lagged behind in establishing independent public health departments and staff training. General hospitals demonstrated overall superiority compared with non-general hospitals.

Conclusion

There are significant level-based differences in the implementation of public health functions in public hospitals in Jiangxi Province, requiring tailored strategies for each level.

Public health  /  Public hospitals  /  Current status survey
吴小燕, 谷苗苗, 徐伟丽, 黄河, 曾纯, 毛向群. 江西省公立医院公共卫生职责建设现况调查. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (2) : 299 -303 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509142
Xiao-yan WU, Miao-miao GU, Wei-li XU, He HUANG, Chun ZENG, Xiang-qun MAO. Current situation of public health responsibility development in public hospitals, Jiangxi[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (2) : 299 -303 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509142
《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》及《关于推动公立医院高质量发展的意见》要求坚持预防为主、防治结合,构建整合型医疗卫生服务体系,突出公立医院在公共卫生服务中的重要作用,推动医防协同机制落地。江西省相继出台《关于加强公立医院公共卫生职能建设的实施意见》和《江西省医疗机构传染病防控责任清单》,细化防控职责,不断完善职责落实机制[1-2]。现对江西省公立医院的公共卫生职责建设情况开展调查,旨在分析医疗机构公共卫生职责建设的现状,提出有针对性的职责强化对策建议。
江西省一、二、三级公立医院。
根据单纯随机抽样有限总体的样本量估算公式[3],考虑分层随机抽样,设定设计效应(Design Effect, DEFF)为0.9,并扩大10%的样本量以考虑有效回收,估算样本量为271,其中一级医院113家,二级医院101家,三级医院57家。本研究容许误差取0.05,α取双侧0.05,总体率取0.5。
围绕医疗机构基本情况、工作机制、队伍建设、疾病防治、设施建设、应急救治能力建设、医防协同和经费保障情况八个方面开展调查。建设现况的评价以调查指标是否实现为评判。
通过“问卷星”发放问卷开展横断面现况调查。
采用STATA 17.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用频数、构成比(%)表示,组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,多组间差异采用Bonferroni方法调整α后进行两两比较。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
本次调查统计至2025年5月,共发放271份问卷,纳入收到有效问卷258份。调查的医疗机构覆盖江西全省地级市。三级医院57家、二级92家、一级109家;按机构类别划分,综合医院201家、专科医院36家、中医医院21家。
医院建立传染病预检分诊制度、单独设立公共卫生科、建立公共卫生专业培训制度、成立传染病防控医防协同医防融合工作领导小组、制定工作方案并明确岗位职责占比分别为98.06%、89.15%、87.60%、68.99%和70.16%,建设情况良好。独立公共卫生科室的设立二级医院(82.61%)低于一级医院(96.33%)(P<0.05)。工作领导小组的成立一级医院(81.65%)高于三级医院(61.40%)和二级医院(58.70%)(P<0.05),工作方案的制定一级医院(81.65%)高于三级医院(64.91%)和二级医院(59.78%)(P<0.05)。至少配备有1名有公共卫生专业背景的专职人员的占比仅有49.22%,低于目标要求(100%),其中三级医院配备率为68.42%,高于一级医院(44.95%)和二级医院(42.39)(P<0.05)。
明确专职公卫岗位职责(91.86%)、公卫继教课程纳入医务人员年度考核指标(77.91%)、专职公卫岗位待遇(69.77%)落实情况较好。在首席公卫专家的设立(91.23%)、明确职责(89.47%)和明确待遇(84.21%)方面,三级医院落实率均高于二级医院(分别为25.00%、25.00%、11.96%)(P<0.05)。一级医院在明确专职公卫岗位职责(95.41%)和待遇(77.98%)、公共卫生管理人员收入不低于本单位同年资医务人员收入平均水平(75.23%)、对公共卫生管理人员按规定给予相应的津贴和保障(70.64%),与公共卫生机构进行交叉培训(72.48%)方面均高于二级医院(分别为84.78%、57.61%、58.70%、46.74%、54.35%)(P<0.05)。二级医院在建立公共卫生专业技术人员和医疗机构临床医生交叉培训制度占比(45.65%)低于三级医院(66.67%)和一级医院(64.22%)(P<0.05)。详见表1。
疾病防治工作任务开展较好,其中基本公共卫生服务、对院内健康教育效果进行评价、开展抗菌药物临床使用和耐药菌监测占比分别为94.57%、93.41%和92.64%。100%的一级医院开展基本公共卫生服务,高于二级医院(89.13%)和三级医院(92.98%)(P<0.05);98.17%的一级医院对健康教育效果进行评价,高于二级医院(89.13%)(P<0.05);但一级医院在对抗菌药物临床使用和耐药菌监测管理(84.40%)、成立独立的医院感染管理部门(62.39%)均低于二级医院(分别为97.83%、96.47%)和三级医院(均为100%)(P<0.05)。
96.90%的医院实现了院内传染病防控数据反馈至临床诊疗部门,90.53%建立监测预警体系,其中三级医院100%建立,高于二级(90.22%)、一级医院(85.32%)(P<0.05)。86.05%的医院设立了感染性疾病科或传染病预检分诊点,建设情况良好。其中一级医院(75.23%)低于二级(91.30%)、三级医院(98.25%)(P<0.05)。
建设成效显著:97.67%的医院定期开展医疗应急演练、在传染病疫情处置物资储备以及协助开展症状监测、健康教育、应急接种、预防性服药等相关传染病疫情防控工作。78.68%的医院每年开展1次以上的应急专家组成员、管理人员、卫生应急队员能力建设集中培训。不同层级医院间无显著性差异。
建设进度不一:三级医院在重大突发公共卫生事件及时发起会商(94.74%)、派驻疾控监督员对医院进行监督(87.72%)方面均高于一级医院(分别为77.89%、66.06%)和二级医院(分别为80.43%、70.65%)(P<0.05)。截止本调查完成时间,41.28%的一级医院完成国家传染病职能监测预警前置软件的安装应用,低于二级医院(91.30%)和三级医院(96.49%)(P<0.05)。84.21%的三级医院建立智慧化多点触发监测预警机制,高于一级医院(33.03%)和二级医院(61.96%),两两间存在差异(P<0.05)。92.98%的三级医院建立了涵盖感染科等多学科的传染病应急救治团队,高于一级医院(23.85%)和二级医院(69.57%),两两比较均有统计学差异。87.72%的三级医院加入专科联盟,高于一级医院(19.27%)和二级医院(59.78%),两两组间比较,差异存在统计学意义。68.42%的三级医院为医联体或医共体的主体单位,高于一级医院(15.60%)和二级医院(47.83%),两两比较差异达到统计学显著水平。详见表2。
实施了绩效考核:258家医院中,82.56%的医院已开展公共卫生相关工作绩效考核,79.84%将各相关科室传染病防控、公共卫生职责落实情况纳入全院科室绩效考核指标体系,与科室绩效工资挂钩,59.30%将临床医师承担的人群随访、健康教育等临床预防性服务工作与个人绩效挂钩。91.74%的一级医院明确公共卫生相关工作绩效考核原则、内容和方式,高于二级医院(69.57%)(P<0.05)。
综合性医院在工作机制、疾病防治、队伍建设、医防协同等方面均优于非综合医院,包括公共卫生科设立率、派人参加公共卫生专业的业务培训、明确专职公共卫生岗位人员职责、待遇等指标。但是非综合医院设立独立院感部门占比(96.49%)显著高于综合医院(79.10%),且前置软件完成率(89.47%)和加入专科联盟占比(66.67%)均高于综合性医院(分别为66.17%、43.78%)(P<0.05)。
总体建设情况试点医院优于非试点医院。试点医院成立传染病防控医防协同医防融合工作领导小组(90.00%)、制定工作方案明确岗位职责(90.00%)、院内至少有1名工作人员为有公共卫生专业背景的专职员(85.00%)、派驻疾控监督员对医院进行监督(95.00%)及建立涵盖感染科等多学科的传染病应急救治团队(100%)均显著高于非试点医院(分别为55.04%、57.36%、47.29%、74.42%、75.19%)(P<0.05)。
公共卫生职责落实通过文件印发制度较易完成,而涉及业务融合、人员流动体系运转与待遇保障的落实较难,从形式建设转变为内涵建设推进是难点和重点。
江西省一级医院公共卫生科的设立率高达96.33%,高于以往研究的报告[4-5],与本省强化基层公卫能力建设的政策目标相契合[6-7],表明“医防融合”理念在组织架构层面已初步下沉。然而,在设施建设、医防协同及智慧化信息应用等方面存在明显不足,在预检分诊点设置率、疾控监督员派驻率等指标上显著落后于二、三级医院。可能与基层医院体量小、硬件投入不足及专业公卫人员配置欠缺等因素有关[8-9],也与既往研究指出的基层机构在应急管理体制、发热门诊建设、预防保健人员等方面的薄弱一致[10-11]。应加强一级医院发现和转诊传染病的硬件建设,借助医共体统筹调配资源,同时加大财政投入与人员培训,同步提高基层医院传染病防控的能力。作为传染病防控的第一阵地和重要关口,一级医院的信息化建设亟待加强[9],建议开发适用于一级医院的监测预警前置软件,提升传染病报告效率,优化服务流程,落实《医疗卫生强基工程实施方案》要求,实现省、市、县、乡四级监测数据的实时互通。
二级医院在传染病防控职责落实的多个关键维度呈现系统性薄弱状态,成为公共卫生体系中的显著脆弱环节。究其原因,可能是二级医院“夹心层困境”效应凸显,二级医院既缺乏三级医院的资源集聚优势,又未获得如基层医院的专项政策倾斜。已有研究指出,二级医院患者资源会受到三级医院虹吸[12-13],且在传染病防控科室建设、应急经费保障、人员素质及诊治能力上落后于三级医院,但在财政依赖度、发热门诊使用率等方面低于一级医疗机构[14-16]。二级医院公卫背景专职人员显著低于三级医院,且二级医院在临床创收压力下更易边缘化公卫投入,可能进一步加剧人才流失,形成恶性循环[17-18]。
首先,以“十五五”时期“稳定二级医院运行”的政策为导向,从政策层面明确二级医院在区域传染病防控体系中的核心定位,加大专项财政投入,重点保障独立公卫科室建设、公卫人才建设及待遇保障[19]。其次,应建立与三级医院和疾控机构的常态化帮扶与人才交流机制,弥补能力短板;同时优化医院内部绩效考核,平衡临床服务与公卫工作比重,将防控成效纳入职称晋升和绩效分配的必要条件,防止公共卫生职能被边缘化[18]。
所调查三级医院首席公卫专家设置率距2025年全面覆盖的目标[6]仍存差距,公共卫生职能在决策体系中边缘化,存在“重临床轻公卫”的倾向,对绩效考核结果的约束性不足。2025年版的三级医院评审标准已将未落实医疗机构疾病预防控制责任,未在公立医院设立专兼职疾控监督员列为前置条件,将有望促进落实。严格落实《国家卫生健康委办公厅关于加强公立医院公共卫生职责建设的意见》、严格执行医院等级评审前置条件的审核,是纠正“重临床轻公卫”的重要举措。
本研究发现,参与传染病防控医防协同医防融合试点的医疗机构在工作机制、队伍建设和医防协同方面均优于非试点机构,试点单位基础条件较好和重视程度较高使其在落实公共卫生职责方面具有先发优势。
综上,本研究揭示了江西省不同级别医疗机构公共卫生职责建设情况的差异,证实了成效也暴露了资源配置“中间塌陷”与机制融合不足的问题。落实医疗机构公共卫生职责,组织制度建设是保障,完善功能和能力建设是核心。应从提升医院管理层对公共卫生工作重要性的认知,完善基础设施与管理体系入手,分级分类、倾斜资源、补齐短板,以整体推进建设效果。
本次研究横断面调查难以充分评估新政策的成果,无法确立因果关系。主要反映职责落实的“有无”及占比,对落实质量、人员能力、深层机制障碍挖掘不足。
  • 江西省卫健委2023年科研课题(202310074)
  • 江西省重大疫情防控重点实验室(2024SSY06021)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509142
  • 接收时间:2025-09-08
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08
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江西省卫健委2023年科研课题(202310074)
江西省重大疫情防控重点实验室(2024SSY06021)
作者信息
    1.江西省疾病预防控制中心,江西 南昌 330029
    2.九江市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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