Article(id=1324078274216853950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507372, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753286400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614460757, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614460757, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614460757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614460757, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078175000605624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614437103, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614526046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=219, endPage=224, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078274611118527, articleId=1324078274216853950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development of a risk prediction model for social frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop and validate a risk prediction model for social frailty inelderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

A total of 455 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Hebei Province between June 2024 and February 2025 were enrolled. Based on the HALFT scale, participants were categorized into asocial frailty group (n=169) and a non-social frailty group (n=286). They were randomly divided into a training set (n=318) and a test set (n=137) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate analysis, Lasso regression, and multivariate regression were employed to identify influencing factors for social frailty. Risk prediction models were constructed using logistic regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest.The predictive performance of the models was evaluated, and the optimal model was selected.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that education level junior high school (OR=0.272, 95% CI: 0.101-0.730); high school (OR=0.275, 95% CI: 0.140-0.540); college (OR=0.064, 95% CI: 0.010-0.424); bachelor’s degree or above (OR=0.114, 95% CI: 0.021-0.618),e-health literacy (OR=0.954, 95% CI: 0.914-0.996), and social support (OR=0.897, 95% CI: 0.840-0.958) were protective factors against social frailty in elderly T2DM patients. In contrast, glycated hemoglobin (OR=1.315, 95% CI: 1.026-1.684), number of diabetic complications 2 complications (OR=2.813, 95% CI: 1.420-5.572); ≥3 complications (OR=6.196, 95% CI: 2.769-13.863), diabetic stress moderate (OR=3.022, 95% CI: 1.134-8.050); severe (OR=7.623, 95% CI: 2.543-22.854), and depressive (OR=2.940, 95% CI: 1.576-5.486) were identified as risk factors (P<0.05). In the test set, the area under the curve (AUC) for all models exceeded 0.800, with the Random Forest model demonst-rating the best performance (AUC=0.866).

Conclusion

The risk prediction mode-lfor social frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, developed based on the random forest model, exhibits good predictive abilityand can serve as a reference for the early identification of high-risk patients for social frailty in this population.

, authors=Zi-chen ZHOU1, Feng-ling WANG2, Hui-ying LIU2, Feng-lan WANG1, Yi-hua YOU1, Qin-dou ZHANG1, Shu-han SONG1, Yu-qian SUN1, authorsList=Zi-chen ZHOU, Feng-ling WANG, Hui-ying LIU, Feng-lan WANG, Yi-hua YOU, Qin-dou ZHANG, Shu-han SONG, Yu-qian SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-qian SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078275957490122, articleId=1324078274216853950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型的构建, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建并验证老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型。

方法

选取2024年6月—2025年2月在河北省三甲医院内分泌科住院的老年2型糖尿病患者455例,根据HALFT量表分为社会衰弱组(169例)和非社会衰弱组(286例)。按7:3的比例随机分为训练集(318例)和测试集(137例),采用单因素分析,Lasso回归和多因素logistic回归分析筛选社会衰弱的影响因素。基于logistic回归、极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)、随机森林(random forest,RF)3种模型分别构建风险预测模型,评价模型预测效能,选出最优模型。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析显示文化程度为初中(OR=0.272,95% CI:0.101~ 0.730)、中专高中(OR=0.275,95% CI:0.140~0.540)、大专(OR=0.064,95% CI:0.010~ 0.424)、本科及以上(OR=0.114,95% CI:0.021~0.618)、电子健康素养(OR=0.954,95% CI:0.914~0.996)、社会支持(OR=0.897,95% CI:0.840~0.958)是老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱的保护因素;糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.315,95% CI:1.026~1.684)、糖尿病并发症数量为2种(OR=2.813,95% CI:1.420~5.572)、≥3种(OR=6.196,95% CI:2.769~13.863)、糖尿病痛苦为中度(OR=3.022,95% CI:1.134~8.050)、重度(OR=7.623,95% CI:2.543~ 22.854)、抑郁症状(OR=2.940,95% CI:1.576~5.486)是老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05)。测试集中各模型AUC均>0.800,其中以随机森林模型效能最佳(AUC=0.866)。

结论

基于随机森林模型开发的老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型具有良好的预测能力,可为临床早期识别老年2型糖尿病人群中的社会衰弱高风险患者提供参考依据。

, authors=周紫晨1, 王凤玲2, 刘会英2, 汪凤兰1, 游轶华1, 张钦豆1, 宋淑涵1, 孙玉倩1, authorsList=周紫晨, 王凤玲, 刘会英, 汪凤兰, 游轶华, 张钦豆, 宋淑涵, 孙玉倩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙玉倩, authorNote=

周紫晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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孙玉倩,E-mail:
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周紫晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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周紫晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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Primary Care, 2022, 49(2): 363-374., articleTitle=Special psychosocial issues in diabetes management: diabetes distress, disordered eating, and depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078291107316275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=86, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Abbas Q, Latif S, Ayaz Habib H, journalName=BMC Psychiatry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abbas Q, Latif S, Ayaz Habib H, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of Life and treatment adherence among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2023, 23(1): 86., articleTitle=Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of Life and treatment adherence among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078286527136274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, awardId=20170897, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078276301423051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078276309811660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, companyId=1324078276301423051, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Nursing and Health College of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078276318200269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, companyId=1324078276301423051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078276393697742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078276402086351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, companyId=1324078276393697742, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北理工大学附属医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078282420912640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coefficient distribution plot, figureFileSmall=N7Oj4A0etjKr/Dc06dgAtw==, figureFileBig=c5i1W9wbB3MdXF4Ei3Ve3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078282529964545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=图1, caption=系数分布图, figureFileSmall=N7Oj4A0etjKr/Dc06dgAtw==, figureFileBig=c5i1W9wbB3MdXF4Ei3Ve3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078282764845570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Selection of predictors based on LASSO regression, figureFileSmall=JAh3YkNJLy2Pe28nWli21w==, figureFileBig=zTCp7QEXjlSP4dWPx+Lg2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078282974560771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于LASSO回归筛选预测变量, figureFileSmall=JAh3YkNJLy2Pe28nWli21w==, figureFileBig=zTCp7QEXjlSP4dWPx+Lg2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283066835460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=ROC curves of the three prediction models on the training set, figureFileSmall=Sjva9b9ev8Hdmj9w19QFsw==, figureFileBig=wzLTXjA542DnR3NtqPMLTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283154915845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三种预测模型训练集ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=Sjva9b9ev8Hdmj9w19QFsw==, figureFileBig=wzLTXjA542DnR3NtqPMLTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283251384838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=ROC curves of the three prediction models in the test set, figureFileSmall=FbQYDyIwmOuyjDqiqe36Cg==, figureFileBig=r8l97TV1CM09bGiuOoW2hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283377213959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三种预测模型测试集ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=FbQYDyIwmOuyjDqiqe36Cg==, figureFileBig=r8l97TV1CM09bGiuOoW2hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283490460168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Random forest model variable importance ranking plot, figureFileSmall=fAteFPGryyk9Ax74Lwd90Q==, figureFileBig=dhBtgxrVz2//mNNoeDYcNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283582734857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=图5, caption=随机森林模型变量重要性排序图, figureFileSmall=fAteFPGryyk9Ax74Lwd90Q==, figureFileBig=dhBtgxrVz2//mNNoeDYcNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078283784061450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of risk factors for social frailty [n=318,n (Percentage, %)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类社会衰弱
(n=118)
非社会衰弱
(n=200)
检验统计量P
性别男61(51.7)124(62.0)3.239a0.072
女57(48.3)76(38.0)
居住地城市86(72.9)165(82.5)4.129a0.042
农村32(27.1)35(17.5)
文化程度小学以下24(20.3)10(5.0)31.578a<0.001
初中46(39.0)82(41.0)
中专高中43(36.4)65(32.5)
大专2(1.7)24(12.0)
本科及以上3(2.5)19(9.5)
婚姻在婚114(96.6)191(95.5)0.958a0.811
未婚1(0.8)1(0.5)
丧偶3(2.5)7(3.5)
离异0(0.0)1(0.5)
经济压力否106(89.8)192(96.0)4.793a0.029
是12(10.2)8(4.0)
就业在职9(7.6)21(10.5)1.847a0.397
退休76(64.4)135(67.5)
农民33(28.0)44(22.0)
抑郁症状否61(51.7)162(81.0)30.423a<0.001
是57(48.3)38(19.0)
视物不清否94(79.7)177(88.5)4.603a0.032
是24(20.3)23(11.5)
营养不良否107(90.7)193(96.5)4.711a0.030
是11(9.3)7(3.5)
糖尿病痛苦无或轻度痛苦7(5.9)51(25.5)32.782a<0.001
中度痛苦64(54.2)117(58.5)
重度痛苦47(39.8)32(16.0)
糖尿病并发症数量≤1种22(18.6)109(54.5)43.229a<0.001
2种57(48.3)66(33.0)
≥3种39(33.1)25(12.5)
年龄(岁,M(P25,P75))67(62,70)66(61,69)1.261b0.207
糖化血红蛋白(%,M(P25,P75))8.5(7.7,9.1)8.1(7.4,8.5)4.515b<0.001
电子健康素养(分,M(P25,P75))21(16,25)24(16,28)-2.938b0.003
ADL(分,M(P25,P75))100(90,100)100(95,100)-2.140b0.032
社会支持(分,M(P25,P75))32(27,35)35(32,37)-5.870b<0.001
睡眠质量(分,M(P25,P75))7(6,9)7(6,8)0.344b0.731
), ArticleFig(id=1324078283939250699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

社会衰弱危险因素的单因素比较[n=318,例(百分比,%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类社会衰弱
(n=118)
非社会衰弱
(n=200)
检验统计量P
性别男61(51.7)124(62.0)3.239a0.072
女57(48.3)76(38.0)
居住地城市86(72.9)165(82.5)4.129a0.042
农村32(27.1)35(17.5)
文化程度小学以下24(20.3)10(5.0)31.578a<0.001
初中46(39.0)82(41.0)
中专高中43(36.4)65(32.5)
大专2(1.7)24(12.0)
本科及以上3(2.5)19(9.5)
婚姻在婚114(96.6)191(95.5)0.958a0.811
未婚1(0.8)1(0.5)
丧偶3(2.5)7(3.5)
离异0(0.0)1(0.5)
经济压力否106(89.8)192(96.0)4.793a0.029
是12(10.2)8(4.0)
就业在职9(7.6)21(10.5)1.847a0.397
退休76(64.4)135(67.5)
农民33(28.0)44(22.0)
抑郁症状否61(51.7)162(81.0)30.423a<0.001
是57(48.3)38(19.0)
视物不清否94(79.7)177(88.5)4.603a0.032
是24(20.3)23(11.5)
营养不良否107(90.7)193(96.5)4.711a0.030
是11(9.3)7(3.5)
糖尿病痛苦无或轻度痛苦7(5.9)51(25.5)32.782a<0.001
中度痛苦64(54.2)117(58.5)
重度痛苦47(39.8)32(16.0)
糖尿病并发症数量≤1种22(18.6)109(54.5)43.229a<0.001
2种57(48.3)66(33.0)
≥3种39(33.1)25(12.5)
年龄(岁,M(P25,P75))67(62,70)66(61,69)1.261b0.207
糖化血红蛋白(%,M(P25,P75))8.5(7.7,9.1)8.1(7.4,8.5)4.515b<0.001
电子健康素养(分,M(P25,P75))21(16,25)24(16,28)-2.938b0.003
ADL(分,M(P25,P75))100(90,100)100(95,100)-2.140b0.032
社会支持(分,M(P25,P75))32(27,35)35(32,37)-5.870b<0.001
睡眠质量(分,M(P25,P75))7(6,9)7(6,8)0.344b0.731
), ArticleFig(id=1324078284132188684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量赋值说明
文化程度X1小学以下=1,初中=2,中专高中=3,大专=4,本科及以上=5
电子健康素养X2原始值代入
社会支持X3原始值代入
糖化血红蛋白X4原始值代入
糖尿病并发症数量X5≤1种=1,2种=2,≥3种=3
糖尿病痛苦X6无或轻度=0,中度=1,重度=2
抑郁症状X7否=0,是=1
社会衰弱Y无=0,是=1
), ArticleFig(id=1324078284278989325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量赋值说明
文化程度X1小学以下=1,初中=2,中专高中=3,大专=4,本科及以上=5
电子健康素养X2原始值代入
社会支持X3原始值代入
糖化血红蛋白X4原始值代入
糖尿病并发症数量X5≤1种=1,2种=2,≥3种=3
糖尿病痛苦X6无或轻度=0,中度=1,重度=2
抑郁症状X7否=0,是=1
社会衰弱Y无=0,是=1
), ArticleFig(id=1324078284392235534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078274216853950, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称BSEWaldPOR值(95%CI)
常量0.4631.7140.0730.787-
文化程度(小学及以下)13.3250.010
初中-1.3030.5046.6840.0100.272(0.101~0.730)
中专高中-0.9070.5103.1570.0350.275(0.140~0.540)
大专-2.7430.9628.1320.0040.064(0.010~0.424)
本科及以上-2.1690.8616.3420.0120.114(0.021~0.618)
电子健康素养-0.0470.0224.5740.0320.954(0.914~0.996)
社会支持-0.1090.03410.3750.0010.897(0.840~0.958)
糖化血红蛋白0.2740.1264.6940.0301.315(1.026~1.684)
糖尿病并发症数量(≤1种)20.331<0.001
2种1.0340.3498.7950.0032.813(1.420~5.572)
≥3种1.8240.41119.7010.0016.196(2.769~13.863)
糖尿病痛苦(无或轻度)14.120<0.001
中度1.1060.5004.8930.0273.022(1.134~8.050)
重度2.0310.56013.1470.0017.623(2.543~22.854)
抑郁症状1.0790.31811.4870.0012.940(1.576~5.486)
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多因素logistic回归分析

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变量名称BSEWaldPOR值(95%CI)
常量0.4631.7140.0730.787-
文化程度(小学及以下)13.3250.010
初中-1.3030.5046.6840.0100.272(0.101~0.730)
中专高中-0.9070.5103.1570.0350.275(0.140~0.540)
大专-2.7430.9628.1320.0040.064(0.010~0.424)
本科及以上-2.1690.8616.3420.0120.114(0.021~0.618)
电子健康素养-0.0470.0224.5740.0320.954(0.914~0.996)
社会支持-0.1090.03410.3750.0010.897(0.840~0.958)
糖化血红蛋白0.2740.1264.6940.0301.315(1.026~1.684)
糖尿病并发症数量(≤1种)20.331<0.001
2种1.0340.3498.7950.0032.813(1.420~5.572)
≥3种1.8240.41119.7010.0016.196(2.769~13.863)
糖尿病痛苦(无或轻度)14.120<0.001
中度1.1060.5004.8930.0273.022(1.134~8.050)
重度2.0310.56013.1470.0017.623(2.543~22.854)
抑郁症状1.0790.31811.4870.0012.940(1.576~5.486)
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Performance comparison of the models in the test set

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模型AUC准确率精确率召回率F1值Brier-score
Logistic回归0.8450.7430.7420.7540.7480.156
随机森林0.8660.7570.7430.8690.8010.153
XGBoost0.8290.7500.7110.8590.7780.167
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模型测试集效能比较

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模型AUC准确率精确率召回率F1值Brier-score
Logistic回归0.8450.7430.7420.7540.7480.156
随机森林0.8660.7570.7430.8690.8010.153
XGBoost0.8290.7500.7110.8590.7780.167
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老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型的构建
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周紫晨 1 , 王凤玲 2 , 刘会英 2 , 汪凤兰 1 , 游轶华 1 , 张钦豆 1 , 宋淑涵 1 , 孙玉倩 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(2): 219-224
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (2) : 219 -224
老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型的构建
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周紫晨1, 王凤玲2, 刘会英2, 汪凤兰1, 游轶华1, 张钦豆1, 宋淑涵1, 孙玉倩1
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 2.华北理工大学附属医院
通讯作者:
孙玉倩,E-mail:
作者简介:

周紫晨(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

Development of a risk prediction model for social frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Zi-chen ZHOU1, Feng-ling WANG2, Hui-ying LIU2, Feng-lan WANG1, Yi-hua YOU1, Qin-dou ZHANG1, Shu-han SONG1, Yu-qian SUN1
Affiliations
  • Nursing and Health College of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507372
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目的

构建并验证老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型。

方法

选取2024年6月—2025年2月在河北省三甲医院内分泌科住院的老年2型糖尿病患者455例,根据HALFT量表分为社会衰弱组(169例)和非社会衰弱组(286例)。按7:3的比例随机分为训练集(318例)和测试集(137例),采用单因素分析,Lasso回归和多因素logistic回归分析筛选社会衰弱的影响因素。基于logistic回归、极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)、随机森林(random forest,RF)3种模型分别构建风险预测模型,评价模型预测效能,选出最优模型。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析显示文化程度为初中(OR=0.272,95% CI:0.101~ 0.730)、中专高中(OR=0.275,95% CI:0.140~0.540)、大专(OR=0.064,95% CI:0.010~ 0.424)、本科及以上(OR=0.114,95% CI:0.021~0.618)、电子健康素养(OR=0.954,95% CI:0.914~0.996)、社会支持(OR=0.897,95% CI:0.840~0.958)是老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱的保护因素;糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.315,95% CI:1.026~1.684)、糖尿病并发症数量为2种(OR=2.813,95% CI:1.420~5.572)、≥3种(OR=6.196,95% CI:2.769~13.863)、糖尿病痛苦为中度(OR=3.022,95% CI:1.134~8.050)、重度(OR=7.623,95% CI:2.543~ 22.854)、抑郁症状(OR=2.940,95% CI:1.576~5.486)是老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05)。测试集中各模型AUC均>0.800,其中以随机森林模型效能最佳(AUC=0.866)。

结论

基于随机森林模型开发的老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型具有良好的预测能力,可为临床早期识别老年2型糖尿病人群中的社会衰弱高风险患者提供参考依据。

老年  /  2型糖尿病  /  社会衰弱  /  风险预测模型
Objective

To develop and validate a risk prediction model for social frailty inelderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

A total of 455 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Hebei Province between June 2024 and February 2025 were enrolled. Based on the HALFT scale, participants were categorized into asocial frailty group (n=169) and a non-social frailty group (n=286). They were randomly divided into a training set (n=318) and a test set (n=137) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate analysis, Lasso regression, and multivariate regression were employed to identify influencing factors for social frailty. Risk prediction models were constructed using logistic regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest.The predictive performance of the models was evaluated, and the optimal model was selected.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that education level junior high school (OR=0.272, 95% CI: 0.101-0.730); high school (OR=0.275, 95% CI: 0.140-0.540); college (OR=0.064, 95% CI: 0.010-0.424); bachelor’s degree or above (OR=0.114, 95% CI: 0.021-0.618),e-health literacy (OR=0.954, 95% CI: 0.914-0.996), and social support (OR=0.897, 95% CI: 0.840-0.958) were protective factors against social frailty in elderly T2DM patients. In contrast, glycated hemoglobin (OR=1.315, 95% CI: 1.026-1.684), number of diabetic complications 2 complications (OR=2.813, 95% CI: 1.420-5.572); ≥3 complications (OR=6.196, 95% CI: 2.769-13.863), diabetic stress moderate (OR=3.022, 95% CI: 1.134-8.050); severe (OR=7.623, 95% CI: 2.543-22.854), and depressive (OR=2.940, 95% CI: 1.576-5.486) were identified as risk factors (P<0.05). In the test set, the area under the curve (AUC) for all models exceeded 0.800, with the Random Forest model demonst-rating the best performance (AUC=0.866).

Conclusion

The risk prediction mode-lfor social frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, developed based on the random forest model, exhibits good predictive abilityand can serve as a reference for the early identification of high-risk patients for social frailty in this population.

Old age  /  Type 2 diabetes  /  Social frailty  /  Risk prediction model
周紫晨, 王凤玲, 刘会英, 汪凤兰, 游轶华, 张钦豆, 宋淑涵, 孙玉倩. 老年2型糖尿病患者社会衰弱风险预测模型的构建. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (2) : 219 -224 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507372
Zi-chen ZHOU, Feng-ling WANG, Hui-ying LIU, Feng-lan WANG, Yi-hua YOU, Qin-dou ZHANG, Shu-han SONG, Yu-qian SUN. Development of a risk prediction model for social frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (2) : 219 -224 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507372
伴随着人口老龄化的加速,我国老年2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM)患者数量显著上升,数据显示至2020年我国60岁以上人群中约30%患有糖尿病并且绝大多数为T2DM,占95%以上[1]。社会衰弱(Social Frailty, SF)作为衰弱概念的重要分支,定义为个体持续面临或已经丧失满足其基本社会需求所需资源的状态[2]。在老年T2DM患者中,长期的血糖波动、认知功能减退以及自理能力下降等因素,使其较健康老年人更易出现社会衰弱[3]。这不仅降低了患者的生活质量,还会增加患者的医疗费用和死亡风险。目前,关于老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的研究不足,相关风险预测工具较为缺乏。因此,深入探讨该群体社会衰弱的影响因素,并构建有效的风险预测模型,对于早期识别高风险人群具有重要意义。本研究旨在构建老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的风险预测模型,为临床实施早期筛查与个性化干预提供科学依据。
采用横断面研究,选取2024年6月—2025年2月在河北省2家三级甲等医院内分泌科住院的老年T2DM患者。研究对象纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)符合2020版中国2型糖尿病防治指南中T2DM诊断标准;意识清楚,能正常沟通;(3)自愿参与本研究。排除标准:合并严重心、肝、肾等脏器功能衰竭;患有精神疾病或认知障碍;近3个月内有重大创伤、手术史。根据10EPV(events per variable)法[4]计算,样本量为自变量个数的5~10倍,本研究纳入17个变量,预试验老年T2DM患者社会衰弱发生率约为43%,考虑10%无效样本,经计算所需样本量至少为(5~10)×17÷43%÷(1-10%)=220~439例,最终纳入样本量455例。本研究已通过华北理工大学伦理委员会审批,审批号为:2024213。
(1)一般资料问卷:包括患者年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住方式等。
(2)社会衰弱量表:(Help,Participation,Loneliness,Financial and Talk Scale,HALFT)量表,HALFT量表是Ma[5]等学者编制,包含五个条目,总分在0~5分,≥3分为社会衰弱,本研究Cronbach α系数为0.705。
(3)简易营养评定精法量表(Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA-SF),量表由Kaiser[6]等人编制,总分在0~14分,≤7分则存在营养不良,本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.803。
(4)糖尿病痛苦量表(Diabetes Distress Scale,DDS),量表由杨青[7]引入国内,包含4个维度17个条目,总分<2分为无或轻度痛苦,2分到不足3分为中度痛苦,≥3为重度痛苦,本研究量表的Cronbach α为0.862。
(5)简版老年抑郁量表(Geriatric Depression Scale-5,GDS-5),Hoyl[8]等学者编制,包含5个条目,总分≥2分则存在抑郁症状,本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.743。
(6)社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS),肖水源[9]编制,总分范围在12~66分,得分越高表明社会支持水平越好,本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.768。
(7)匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI),Buysse[10]等人编制,用于评估个体过去1个月的睡眠质量,总分为0~21分,>7分则提示睡眠质量较差,本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.749。
(8)电子健康素养量表(eHealth Literacy Scale,eHEALS),由Norman[11]等人编制,总分在8~40分,评分越高个体的电子健康素养水平越高,本研究量表的Cronbach α系数为0.928。
(9)日常生活能力量表,Barthel指数由Dorothea Barthel[12]编制,总分在0~100分之间,分数越低自理能力越差,本研究量表Cronbach α系数为0.731。
调查前由经验丰富的研究者对团队进行统一培训,严格筛选符合条件的老年T2DM患者。调查前,研究人员与患者面对面沟通,清晰说明研究内容,确保知情自愿。问卷根据患者情况采用自填或代填方式完成,共回收有效问卷455份,有效回收率为94.8%。
将数据集按7∶3比例随机划分为训练集(318例)与测试集(137例)。采用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析:符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;非正态分布者以M(P25, P75)表示,采用秩和检验;计数资料以例数及百分比表示,采用χ2检验。通过Lasso回归和多因素二元logistic回归筛选老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的预测变量。利用R(4.5.1)构建logistic回归、极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)、随机森林 (random forest, RF)3种模型,采用5折交叉验证,确保模型评估的稳健性。测试集采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积 (area under the curve,AUC)、准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值、Brier-score评价各个模型的性能,用Delong检验比较模型,并对最优模型进行特征重要性排序。检验水准α=0.05。
研究共纳入455例老年T2DM患者,社会衰弱的患者169人,患病率约为37.1%。两家医院老年T2DM患者一般资料基线比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。按照7:3比例将数据随机划分为训练集(318例)和测试集(137例),两组患者一般资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。训练集患者社会衰弱预测变量的单因素分析见表1。
将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的变量纳入Lasso回归,系数分布见图1。选择lambda.min=0.008 9时模型拟合最好,最终筛选出11个变量,见图2。
以是否发生社会衰弱为因变量,将Lasso回归筛选出的11个有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素二元logistic回归分析,最终保留7个具有统计意义的变量,赋值见表2。
结果显示,文化程度为初中(OR=0.272,95% CI:0.101~0.730)、中专高中(OR=0.275,95% CI:0.140~0.540)、大专(OR=0.064,95% CI:0.010~0.424)、本科及以上(OR=0.114,95% CI:0.021~0.618)、电子健康素养(OR=0.954,95% CI:0.914~0.996)、社会支持(OR=0.897,95% CI:0.840~0.958)是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的保护因素;糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.315,95% CI:1.026~1.684)、糖尿病并发症数量为2种(OR=2.813,95% CI:1.420~5.572)、≥3种(OR=6.196,95% CI:2.769~13.863)、糖尿病痛苦为中度(OR=3.022,95% CI:1.134~8.050)、重度(OR=7.623,95% CI: 2.543~22.854)、抑郁症状(OR=2.940,95% CI:1.576~ 5.486)是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示χ2=3.950,P=0.862(P>0.05),模型拟合良好,见表3。
将二元 logistic回归分析筛选出的有意义的变量构建模型,使用R(4.5.1)构建logistic回归、XGBoost、随机森林3种模型,采用5折交叉验证方法在训练集上优化模型参数,ROC曲线见图3,并计算测试集三种模型AUC、准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值和Brier-score,见表4。结果显示,随机森林模型为最优模型,其AUC值为0.866,准确率为0.757,精确率为0.743,召回率为0.869,F1值为0.801,Brier-score为0.153,三种模型ROC曲线的比较见图4。DeLong检验显示,随机森林模型与XGBoost模型(P=0.032)、随机森林模型与logistic回归模型(P=0.038)的AUC差异均具有统计学意义,XGBoost模型与logistic回归模型的差异也具有统计学意义(P=0.048)(P<0.05),基于综合性能评估,本研究选择随机森林模型作为最终预测模型。
随机森林模型特征重要性排序依次为糖化血红蛋白、文化程度、电子健康素养、社会支持、糖尿病痛苦、糖尿病并发症数量、抑郁症状,见图5。
通过二元logistic回归分析确定了文化程度、电子健康素养、社会支持是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的保护因素;糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病并发症数量、糖尿病痛苦、抑郁症状是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05)。通过R(4.5.1)构建三种模型,AUC值均>0.800,其中随机森林模型预测效能更好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),临床医护人员应用该模型能尽早预测老年T2DM患者发生社会衰弱的风险,进而针对高风险患者制定个性化的干预措施以提高患者的生活质量。
在本研究中,糖化血红蛋白和糖尿病并发症数量是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的危险因素,即糖化血红蛋白越高、糖尿病并发症越多的患者发生社会衰弱的风险越高。糖化血红蛋白可有效反应患者在过去3个月内血糖的控制情况[13],其越高表明糖尿病病情越重。持续的高血糖状态会直接损伤血管结构与功能,加剧慢性炎症状态与胰岛素抵抗,还可促进肌肉流失、神经病变及骨骼肌损伤,从而显著削弱患者的躯体功能与日常生活能力[14-15];随着糖尿病疾病进展,患者常伴有一种或多种相关并发症,这些并发症不仅导致躯体功能下降,还可引发患者心理应激反应,表现为负性情绪和失控感,连同可能伴随的疲劳与活动受限,共同降低了患者参与社会交往的意愿与能力,进而推动社会衰弱的进展[16-17]。因此,积极稳定糖化血红蛋白水平,严格控制并发症对维持患者的社会功能、降低社会衰弱风险具有积极的预防意义。
本研究结果显示,文化程度、电子健康素养和社会支持是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的保护因素,文化程度、电子健康素养水平、社会支持水平越高的老年T2DM患者出现社会衰弱的可能性越低,这与现有研究结论一致[18-19]。文化水平不足会限制患者对疾病相关知识的理解能力,使患者难以制订和执行有效的自我管理计划,降低患者对治疗和护理的依从性[20],进而导致血糖控制不佳;而电子健康素养越高的老年T2DM患者更善于运用网络资源进行自我健康管理,如应用数字工具监测血糖、获得便捷的医疗支持等,这有助于T2DM患者控制血糖、改善身体功能,增加社会活动意愿和参与度,进而缓解社会衰弱[21-22];同时,家人与朋友陪伴、充足的医疗资源等良好的社会支持不仅能为患者提供牢固的情感依靠与实际问题解决途径,还能通过持续的社会互动激励患者保持更积极的社会参与[23],提升患者应对疾病的信心,这对延缓社会衰弱,提升患者的整体生活质量具有关键作用[24]。因此,在临床实践中,医护人员可以采用视频、图解等直观形式进行知识传递,以打破低文化程度患者的认知壁垒;通过线上、线下干预,如提供在线健康知识培训和技能培训,指导患者将数字工具用于健康管理与远程社交,并辅以“家庭反哺”与朋辈教育,将社会支持水平纳入常规评估,鼓励家庭成员参与,共同为患者提供持久动力,以达到降低社会衰弱发生的远期目标。
在本研究中,抑郁症状和糖尿痛苦是老年T2DM患者社会衰弱的危险因素,具体而言,抑郁症状和糖尿病痛苦越严重的患者将面临更高的社会衰弱风险,这与已有研究结果一致[3]。抑郁症状直接削弱患者的活动意愿,使患者的社会参与行为减少和社交网络萎缩,同时抑郁症状可通过激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴升高皮质醇水平,加剧胰岛素抵抗与血糖波动,导致血糖控制恶化而引发无力、疲乏等躯体症状,进一步阻碍社会参与[25];糖尿病痛苦是指患者在糖尿病及其管理过程中所经历的、与疾病相关的情感负担、恐惧和挫折感,在老年T2DM患者群体中尤为普遍[26]。持续且高度的糖尿病痛苦会引发患者对疾病过度担忧、主动从社交关系中退缩,同时降低患者对疾病的自我管理能力[27],最终导致血糖控制不佳和身体状况变差,降低患者的社会功能,增加社会衰弱的风险。因此,临床医护人员应将抑郁症状与糖尿病痛苦纳入对老年T2DM患者的日常评估中,以确保早期识别与干预,可应用认知行为疗法等提供结构化的心理与行为支持、开展糖尿病知识课堂等帮助患者重构对糖尿病的灾难化认知以减轻糖尿病痛苦,并可通过布置循序渐进的社交活动任务来逐步改善老年T2DM患者的抑郁症状与社交退缩。
本研究对老年T2DM患者的社会衰弱风险进行筛选,并构建了3种模型进行比较,其中随机森林模型更有较好的预测效能,能够有效帮助临床医务人员早期筛查在老年T2DM患者中社会衰弱高风险患者。临床医护人员要高度重视老年T2DM患者的社会衰弱现象,针对高危的影响因素实施针对性的干预措施促进患者社会功能恢复提升生活质量。未来应扩大研究范围提高模型外部效度,通过纵向追踪研究深入探索各预测变量与社会衰弱发展的动态变化。
  • 河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507372
  • 接收时间:2025-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-24
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河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897)
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    1.华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210
    2.华北理工大学附属医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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