Article(id=1324078263584305717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507205, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614458223, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614458223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614458223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614458223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078175000605624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614437103, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614526046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078548130082943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078175000605624, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=274, endPage=279, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078263823381046, articleId=1324078263584305717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis on nighttime social media use among pregnant women and their relationship with pregnancy-specific anxiety, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the impact of nighttime social media useon pregnancy-specific anxiety among pregnant women, to provide evidence to promote mental health during pregnancy.

Methods

Ainvestigation was completedamong pregnant women undergoing prenatal examinations at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from December 2024 to March 2025 using instruments including self-made general information questionnaire, Nighttime-useSocial Media Scaleand Pregnancy-specific Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ). Latent profile analysis was used to explore the latent classes of nighttime social media use, while logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between its latent profiles and pregnancy-specific anxiety.

Results

A total of 855 pregnant women were included, the average score of nighttime social media use was 19.54±4.38, which could be divided into three latent classes including low-frequency use with good sleep (41.2%), high-frequency use with delayed sleep (49.2%), and high-frequency use with disrupted sleep (9.6%). Nighttime social media use significantly increased the risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety (P<0.001). The high-frequency use with delayedsleep group (OR=2.903, 95% CI=2.118-3.979) and the high-frequency use with disruptedsleep group (OR=5.087, 95% CI=2.771-9.339) had a higher risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety compared with the low-frequency use with good sleep group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Nighttime social mediause is prevalent among pregnant women with significant inter-individual heterogeneity and increases the risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety. Particular emphasis should be placed on the impacts of nighttime social media use in pregnant woman, with targeted interventions implemented to promote physical and mental health during pregnancy.

, authors=Meng-yao QIN1, Feng-yi REN1, Yi-chen WANG1, Rui-qi LIANG1, Xin LIU1, Lei SHENG1, Xiao-yan LIU2, Xin-xia CHEN1, authorsList=Meng-yao QIN, Feng-yi REN, Yi-chen WANG, Rui-qi LIANG, Xin LIU, Lei SHENG, Xiao-yan LIU, Xin-xia CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin-xia CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078264901317181, articleId=1324078263584305717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别及其与妊娠相关焦虑的关系, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用对妊娠相关焦虑的影响,为促进妊娠期女性心理健康提供依据。

方法

采用自制一般资料调查表、夜间社交媒体使用量表和妊娠相关焦虑量表,对2024年12月—2025年3月于山东大学齐鲁医院产检的妊娠期女性进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析探讨妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别,logistic回归分析探讨夜间社交媒体使用潜在类别与妊娠相关焦虑的关系。

结果

共纳入855名妊娠期女性,夜间社交媒体使用得分为19.54±4.38,可分为3个潜类别:低频使用-睡眠良好(41.2%)、高频使用-睡眠延迟(49.2%)和高频使用-睡眠干扰(9.6%)。夜间社交媒体使用显著增加妊娠相关焦虑风险(P<0.001);相比低频使用-睡眠良好组,高频使用-睡眠延迟和高频使用-睡眠干扰组的妊娠期女性发生妊娠相关焦虑的风险显著升高[OR值(95% CI)分别为2.903(2.118~3.979),5.087(2.771~9.339),P值均<0.001)]。

结论

妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用较普遍且存在个体间异质性;夜间社交媒体使用与妊娠相关焦虑风险升高有关。应重视夜间社交媒体使用对妊娠期女性的影响,进行针对性干预,促进孕期身心健康。

, authors=秦梦瑶1, 任丰毅1, 王怡晨1, 梁瑞琪1, 刘欣1, 盛蕾1, 刘晓燕2, 陈新霞1, authorsList=秦梦瑶, 任丰毅, 王怡晨, 梁瑞琪, 刘欣, 盛蕾, 刘晓燕, 陈新霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈新霞, authorNote=

秦梦瑶(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:女性生育健康

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陈新霞,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7qqxBkBt8yY7CDSbEZ3chQ==, magXml=lTNYPpfmVC5LYDJgo2qHGw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AwpnRKcwnII4RmC4T12s6Q==, pdfFileSize=761094, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=L3jKhTAyMNsNt94zo9dlfw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mqRUYcDXjahzISHeX24J6A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324078265308164676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324078265396245062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, authorId=1324078265308164676, language=EN, stringName=Meng-yao QIN, firstName=Meng-yao, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324078265475936839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, authorId=1324078265308164676, language=CN, stringName=秦梦瑶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东大学护理与康复学院,山东 济南 250012, bio={"content":"

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Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2024, 135: 152530., articleTitle=The longitudinal relationships between problematic Mobile phone use symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-lagged panel network analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078269011735165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, awardId=24CSHJ05, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省社会科学规划研究项目(24CSHJ05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078265127809598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078265136198207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, companyId=1324078265127809598, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078265148781120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, companyId=1324078265127809598, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东大学护理与康复学院,山东 济南 250012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078265228472897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078265236861506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, companyId=1324078265228472897, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东大学齐鲁医院产科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078268260954741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Latent profile analysis of nighttime social media use in pregnant women, figureFileSmall=rb5+J7x75Dl2mjta58CDog==, figureFileBig=L3jKhTAyMNsNt94zo9dlfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078268336452214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=CN, label=图1, caption=妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在剖面分析

注:b1:卧床时使用社交媒体的频率;b2:上床前使用社交媒体的频率;b3:打算睡觉时使用社交媒体的频率;b4:睡觉时社交媒体打断睡眠;b5:使用社交媒体推迟睡眠;b6:上床后使用社交媒体的时间;b7:睡觉时社交媒体信息干扰的时间。

, figureFileSmall=rb5+J7x75Dl2mjta58CDog==, figureFileBig=L3jKhTAyMNsNt94zo9dlfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078268550361719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mean scores for each item of nighttime social media use in pregnant women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目均分
卧床时用社交媒体频率3.80±0.95
上床前用社交媒体频率3.82±0.88
打算睡觉时用社交媒体频率3.59±1.07
睡眠时社交媒体信息是否打断睡眠2.05±0.96
是否因用社交媒体推迟睡眠2.74±1.04
上床后用社交媒体时长2.15±1.08
睡眠时社交媒体信息干扰睡眠时长1.40±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1324078268617470584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用各条目均分()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目均分
卧床时用社交媒体频率3.80±0.95
上床前用社交媒体频率3.82±0.88
打算睡觉时用社交媒体频率3.59±1.07
睡眠时社交媒体信息是否打断睡眠2.05±0.96
是否因用社交媒体推迟睡眠2.74±1.04
上床后用社交媒体时长2.15±1.08
睡眠时社交媒体信息干扰睡眠时长1.40±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1324078268697162361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting metrics for latent profile models of nighttime social media use in pregnant women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyLMRBLRT类别概率
116 534.8016 601.3116 556.85----
215 552.4215 656.9415 587.080.748<0.001<0.0010.544/0.456
314 948.0215 090.5614 995.280.846<0.001<0.0010.412/0.492/0.096
414 567.4614 748.0014 627.320.9000.0190.0180.331/0.405/0.237/0.027
512 992.2913 210.8313 064.750.918<0.001<0.0010.338/0.068/0.173/0.394/0.027
), ArticleFig(id=1324078268772659834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在剖面模型拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyLMRBLRT类别概率
116 534.8016 601.3116 556.85----
215 552.4215 656.9415 587.080.748<0.001<0.0010.544/0.456
314 948.0215 090.5614 995.280.846<0.001<0.0010.412/0.492/0.096
414 567.4614 748.0014 627.320.9000.0190.0180.331/0.405/0.237/0.027
512 992.2913 210.8313 064.750.918<0.001<0.0010.338/0.068/0.173/0.394/0.027
), ArticleFig(id=1324078268843963003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relationship between latent classes of nighttime social media use and pregnancy-specific anxiety in pregnant women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βχ2POR值(95%CI)
夜间社交媒体总分0.15761.980<0.0011.170(1.125~1.216)
潜在类别(以低频使用-睡眠良好组为参照)
高频使用-睡眠延迟组1.06647.604<0.0012.903(2.118~3.979)
高频使用-睡眠干扰组1.62731.389<0.0015.087(2.771~9.339)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078268919460476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078263584305717, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用潜在类别与妊娠相关焦虑的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βχ2POR值(95%CI)
夜间社交媒体总分0.15761.980<0.0011.170(1.125~1.216)
潜在类别(以低频使用-睡眠良好组为参照)
高频使用-睡眠延迟组1.06647.604<0.0012.903(2.118~3.979)
高频使用-睡眠干扰组1.62731.389<0.0015.087(2.771~9.339)
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妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别及其与妊娠相关焦虑的关系
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秦梦瑶 1 , 任丰毅 1 , 王怡晨 1 , 梁瑞琪 1 , 刘欣 1 , 盛蕾 1 , 刘晓燕 2 , 陈新霞 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(2): 274-279
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (2) : 274 -279
妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别及其与妊娠相关焦虑的关系
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秦梦瑶1, 任丰毅1, 王怡晨1, 梁瑞琪1, 刘欣1, 盛蕾1, 刘晓燕2, 陈新霞1
作者信息
  • 1.山东大学护理与康复学院,山东 济南 250012
  • 2.山东大学齐鲁医院产科
通讯作者:
陈新霞,E-mail:
作者简介:

秦梦瑶(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:女性生育健康

Latent profile analysis on nighttime social media use among pregnant women and their relationship with pregnancy-specific anxiety
Meng-yao QIN1, Feng-yi REN1, Yi-chen WANG1, Rui-qi LIANG1, Xin LIU1, Lei SHENG1, Xiao-yan LIU2, Xin-xia CHEN1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507205
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目的

分析妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用对妊娠相关焦虑的影响,为促进妊娠期女性心理健康提供依据。

方法

采用自制一般资料调查表、夜间社交媒体使用量表和妊娠相关焦虑量表,对2024年12月—2025年3月于山东大学齐鲁医院产检的妊娠期女性进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析探讨妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别,logistic回归分析探讨夜间社交媒体使用潜在类别与妊娠相关焦虑的关系。

结果

共纳入855名妊娠期女性,夜间社交媒体使用得分为19.54±4.38,可分为3个潜类别:低频使用-睡眠良好(41.2%)、高频使用-睡眠延迟(49.2%)和高频使用-睡眠干扰(9.6%)。夜间社交媒体使用显著增加妊娠相关焦虑风险(P<0.001);相比低频使用-睡眠良好组,高频使用-睡眠延迟和高频使用-睡眠干扰组的妊娠期女性发生妊娠相关焦虑的风险显著升高[OR值(95% CI)分别为2.903(2.118~3.979),5.087(2.771~9.339),P值均<0.001)]。

结论

妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用较普遍且存在个体间异质性;夜间社交媒体使用与妊娠相关焦虑风险升高有关。应重视夜间社交媒体使用对妊娠期女性的影响,进行针对性干预,促进孕期身心健康。

妊娠期女性  /  社交媒体  /  夜间  /  妊娠相关焦虑  /  潜在剖面分析
Objective

To analyze the impact of nighttime social media useon pregnancy-specific anxiety among pregnant women, to provide evidence to promote mental health during pregnancy.

Methods

Ainvestigation was completedamong pregnant women undergoing prenatal examinations at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from December 2024 to March 2025 using instruments including self-made general information questionnaire, Nighttime-useSocial Media Scaleand Pregnancy-specific Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ). Latent profile analysis was used to explore the latent classes of nighttime social media use, while logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between its latent profiles and pregnancy-specific anxiety.

Results

A total of 855 pregnant women were included, the average score of nighttime social media use was 19.54±4.38, which could be divided into three latent classes including low-frequency use with good sleep (41.2%), high-frequency use with delayed sleep (49.2%), and high-frequency use with disrupted sleep (9.6%). Nighttime social media use significantly increased the risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety (P<0.001). The high-frequency use with delayedsleep group (OR=2.903, 95% CI=2.118-3.979) and the high-frequency use with disruptedsleep group (OR=5.087, 95% CI=2.771-9.339) had a higher risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety compared with the low-frequency use with good sleep group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Nighttime social mediause is prevalent among pregnant women with significant inter-individual heterogeneity and increases the risk of pregnancy-specific anxiety. Particular emphasis should be placed on the impacts of nighttime social media use in pregnant woman, with targeted interventions implemented to promote physical and mental health during pregnancy.

Pregnancy  /  Social media  /  Nighttime-use  /  Pregnancy-specific anxiety  /  Latent profile analysis
秦梦瑶, 任丰毅, 王怡晨, 梁瑞琪, 刘欣, 盛蕾, 刘晓燕, 陈新霞. 妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别及其与妊娠相关焦虑的关系. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (2) : 274 -279 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507205
Meng-yao QIN, Feng-yi REN, Yi-chen WANG, Rui-qi LIANG, Xin LIU, Lei SHENG, Xiao-yan LIU, Xin-xia CHEN. Latent profile analysis on nighttime social media use among pregnant women and their relationship with pregnancy-specific anxiety[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (2) : 274 -279 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507205
妊娠相关焦虑是孕期常见的心理健康问题之一,指与妊娠相关的各种担忧或焦虑,如对胎儿健康、分娩疼痛、自身健康或身体形象的担忧等[1]。其不仅可能增加早产、低出生体重等不良妊娠结局风险,还可能对母婴双方的身心健康产生长期影响[2]。调查显示,40%女性在妊娠期出现过焦虑或抑郁症状[3],较五年前增长近一倍[4],且仍呈显著上升趋势,其影响因素仍需探究。近年来社交媒体日益普及,越来越多的女性在妊娠期仍保持较高强度的社交媒体使用[5]。并且,夜间使用社交媒体已成为许多人的睡前常规行为[6]。国外有研究显示,过度使用社交媒体可能增加妊娠相关焦虑[7]。研究发现,夜间更频繁的社交媒体使用与成年人更差的总体健康状况有关[8]。针对学生和青年群体的研究也表明,夜间社交媒体使用与较差的心理健康状况有关[9–11]。但尚不清楚妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用状况及其对妊娠相关焦虑的影响。既往研究提示,社交媒体使用情况存在显著的个体异质性[12],但目前有关夜间社交媒体使用的基于变量为中心的研究,忽略了同一群体内部可能存在的异质性。潜在剖面分析(Latent Profile Analysis, LPA)是一种以个体为中心的方法[13],基于概率模型将样本分成不同的潜在类别组,确保各类之间的差异最大且内部差异最小。因此,本研究采用潜在剖面分析识别妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别,探讨夜间社交媒体使用及潜在类别与妊娠相关焦虑症状的关系,为高危人群识别和针对性干预提供依据。
选取2024年12月—2025年3月在山东大学齐鲁医院产科门诊就诊的妊娠期女性作为研究对象。纳入标准:已婚;年龄≥20岁;处于妊娠期;知情同意且自愿参与调查;能够独立使用智能手机;至少使用一种社交媒体平台。排除标准:当前或近一年内有明确诊断的精神疾病史(包括抑郁症、焦虑症等);有严重的躯体疾病;胎儿发育异常。根据公式n=(uα/2)2P(1-P)/δ2计算样本量,其中α取0.05,μ取1.96,P为妊娠相关焦虑的患病率,根据预调查20例样本结果P值为50%,容许误差δ取0.05,考虑10%无效率,预计样本量为427。本研究最终纳入855例妊娠女性,满足潜在剖面分析最低样本量要求200[14]。本研究已通过山东大学护理与康复学院伦理委员会批准(2024-R-135)。
由研究者自行设计,包括年龄、孕期、产次、孕前身高、孕前体重、受孕方式、家庭经济状况、文化程度和睡眠质量。
该量表由Woods和Scott于2016年编制[11],熊智强进行汉化[15]。共7个题项,采用5点计分,所有条目相加得总分。得分越高,代表个体夜间社交媒体使用强度越大,越经常睡前主动使用或被提示音吵醒后被动使用社交媒体。原量表的信效度良好,本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.776。
应用肖利敏编制[16]的妊娠相关焦虑问卷(Pregnancy-specific Anxiety Questionnaire, PAQ)评定妊娠期女性的妊娠相关焦虑。量表共13个条目,采用4点计分,总分范围为13~52分,包括关注自我、担心胎儿健康和担心分娩3个维度,得分越高代表妊娠期女性的妊娠相关焦虑水平越高,并以≥24分为阳性临界值。原量表的信效度良好,本研究中Cronbach α系数为0.901。
在产科门诊使用纸质问卷进行资料收集,面对面填写并现场回收。资料收集前,研究者会详细说明研究的目的和内容,确保遵循自愿参与和保密原则,所有研究对象均需签署纸质知情同意书。
采用SPSS26.0、Mplus8.3进行统计分析。计数资料采用例数、百分比描述,符合正态分布的计量资料采用表示,妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在剖面分析(LPA),根据拟合指标:Akaike信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(aBIC)、Entropy值、LMRT和BLRT值来确定最佳模型,并要求每个潜在类别样本比例不小于5%,以确保分类合理[17]。采用logistic回归分析探讨妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用潜在类别对妊娠相关焦虑的影响,双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究纳入855例妊娠期女性。年龄20~47(31.55±4.13)岁;妊娠早期475例,妊娠中晚期380例;初产妇675例,经产妇180例;孕前BMI为15.06~39.96(22.63±3.69)kg/m2;自然受孕777例,辅助生殖78例;家庭经济状况比较宽松115例,略有盈余223例,收支平衡491例,入不敷出26例;高中/中专以下58例,大专/本科740例,硕士及以上57例。睡眠质量很好102例,较好459例,较差272例,很差22例。
妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用总分为19.54±4.44分,各条目均分见表1。妊娠相关焦虑得分为(26.21±7.81)分,妊娠相关焦虑阳性检出率为58.8%(503/855)。
为识别妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在异质性,本研究以其量表7个条目得分为外显变量,依次建立了1至5个潜在类别的剖面模型。各模型拟合指数见表2。确定最佳类别数目需综合考虑统计指标、模型简洁性及理论可解释性。具体决策依据如下:随着类别数增加,AIC、BIC与aBIC值均呈现单调下降趋势。同时,3类、4类与5类模型的LMR与BLRT检验结果均达到显著水平(P < 0.05),且Entropy值均高于0.8,表明这些模型在统计上均优于前一类别,且分类准确性良好[18]。然而,模型选择需避免过度拟合与出现样本量过小的类别。4类与5类模型中均出现了样本占比低于5%的潜在类别(分别为2.7%和2.7%/6.8%),此类小类别在实际应用中代表性较弱,且不易进行理论阐释[17]。因此,尽管更多类别在部分拟合指标上略有优势,但3类模型在保证优异分类精确度(Entropy=0.846)和统计效力的同时,所有类别样本占比均大于5%,确保了模型的简洁性、稳定性与现实解释力。综上,本研究确定将妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用行为划分为3个潜在类别。
根据类别特征对妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的潜在类别命名(图1)。第一组为低频使用-睡眠良好组,共352人(41.17%),其在各条目均值均处于较低水平,卧床/睡前较少使用社交媒体,也较少因社交媒体而推迟或干扰睡眠;第二组为高频使用-睡眠延迟组,共421人(49.24%),其卧床/睡前使用社交媒体频率最高,且在条目b5“使用社交媒体推迟睡眠得分”最高;第三组为高频使用-睡眠干扰组,共82人(9.59%),其不仅卧床/睡前使用社交媒体的频率较高,且在条目b4“睡觉时社交媒体打断睡眠”和b7“睡觉时社交媒体信息干扰的时间”得分最高。
以妊娠相关焦虑(0=否,1=是)为因变量,以低频使用-睡眠良好组为参照,妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用潜在类别为自变量,控制年龄、孕期、产次、孕前身高、孕前体重、受孕方式、家庭经济状况、文化程度和睡眠质量,进行二元logistic回归分析,回归模型似然比χ2=138.100,P<0.001。结果表明,相比低频使用-睡眠良好组,高频使用-睡眠延迟和高频使用-睡眠干扰组的妊娠期女性发生妊娠相关焦虑的风险显著升高,OR值(95% CI)分别为2.903(2.118~3.979),5.087(2.771~9.339)(P值均<0.001),具体见表3。
本研究结果发现,山东大学齐鲁医院产科门诊就诊妊娠期女性的夜间社交媒体使用得分为19.54±4.38,得分最高的前三个条目是上床前、卧床时和打算睡觉时使用社交媒体频率,表明妊娠期女性夜间使用社交媒体比较普遍,值得关注[19]。
多项研究表明,夜间社交媒体使用与睡眠质量下降有关[10-11,20-21]。本研究对妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用进行潜在剖面分析,发现其分类特征明显,可分为“低频使用-睡眠良好组”(41.2%)、“高频使用-睡眠延迟组”(49.2%)、“高频使用-睡眠干扰组”(9.6%)。“低频使用-睡眠良好组”的妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用频率低,且不会因此影响睡眠,是低风险群体,提示该组人群可能存在保护性因素,如较高的自我调节能力或社会支持[22],这为制定针对性干预方案提供了线索。值得关注的是,近半数妊娠期女性属于“高频使用-睡眠延迟组”,其夜间社交媒体使用频率高且伴随睡眠延迟,有研究表明,白天社交媒体使用频率与睡眠持续时间和睡眠质量无关[20],而夜间社交媒体使用与睡眠延迟存在显著关联[23]。“高频使用-睡眠干扰组”虽仅占比9.6%,但对妊娠期女性的危害大,其社交媒体使用不仅导致睡眠中断,其妊娠相关焦虑的发生风险也最高。这可能与大多数人睡觉时会把手机放在卧室,甚至置于枕头下有关,夜间的信息警报可能会干扰睡眠。研究表明,睡眠干扰与睡眠延迟对健康的影响存在关键区别,睡眠干扰的危害尤为显著。因其直接破坏睡眠完整性,损害前额叶功能[24],导致注意、执行与情绪调节等认知能力下降。V Eloesa et al.[25]等人证实睡眠干扰而非睡眠时长,与认知下降相关。对于妊娠期女性而言,夜间社交媒体使用引发的睡眠碎片化,可能使妊娠期女性更难以有效应对妊娠期压力、调节怀孕带来的情绪波动,从而显著增加妊娠相关焦虑的风险。孕期良好的睡眠不仅有利于减少妊娠期并发症风险、促进心理健康,而且显著影响胎儿发育和远期健康。应重视评估妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用的异质性,识别高危群体,必要时给与针对性干预。
本研究中妊娠期女性妊娠相关焦虑症状检出率为58.8%,高于李[26]对918名妊娠期女性的检出率(31.26%)和唐[27]对于467名妊娠期女性的检出率(30.19%)。这可能提示,近年来随着社会节奏加快、孕期信息获取渠道繁杂,妊娠期女性面临的心理压力可能有所增加,值得关注。此外,本研究样本来源于省会市的区域中心医院,样本特征与以往不同。
本研究发现,相比夜间“低频使用-睡眠良好组”,“高频使用-睡眠延迟组”与“高频使用-睡眠干扰组”与妊娠相关焦虑风险升高有关,这与国外研究一致[7]。睡前高频率的社交媒体使用可能通过睡眠干扰、信息过载和社会比较机制增加妊娠相关焦虑的风险。首先,夜间过度使用社交媒体会增加认知觉醒[28],导致入睡延迟、昼夜节律改变[29],并产生焦虑情绪[30-31]。其次,社交媒体中负面的妊娠健康信息会加剧妊娠期女性对于自我、胎儿和分娩的焦虑,放大妊娠期女性的风险感知偏差。另外,社交平台上呈现的“完美母亲”形象会使妊娠期女性产生负面比较,增加对自己外表的不满,进而产生焦虑情绪[7,32]。社交媒体过度使用与负面情绪可能存在“使用-焦虑-使用”的恶性循环[33],即过度使用社交媒体容易产生焦虑情绪,作为一种缓解焦虑的应对机制,焦虑的人又倾向于使用社交媒体来缓解负面情绪,进一步加剧了社交媒体使用,这种现象在夜间相对自主支配的时间段更可能发生。因此,应重视孕期的健康管理,采取多种方法改善社交媒体使用行为,提高妊娠期女性信息筛选能力,降低妊娠相关焦虑风险。
本研究存在一定的局限性,横断面设计无法确定夜间社交媒体使用与妊娠相关焦虑的因果关系,未来研究可采用纵向设计,在不同孕期进行多次追踪测量,运用交叉滞后模型分析变量间的时序预测关系,或采用潜变量增长曲线模型考察二者在妊娠期内的共同变化趋势,系统揭示其动态关联与潜在因果路径。主观报告的测量方法可能存在回忆偏倚,未来研究使用客观测量工具(如智能手机应用后台记录、可穿戴设备监测睡眠)进行数据收集,更真实准确地揭示变量间的内在关系。本研究仅在一所城市的一家医院开展,样本代表性有限,可能影响结果的外部推广性,未来可以采用多中心、大样本的调查设计,增强研究结果的普适性。最后,一些未被测量的潜在混杂因素(例如轻度抑郁、工作压力、婚姻质量)也可能对研究结果产生影响,建议未来的研究将其纳入考量,以增强研究结论的稳健性。
妊娠期女性夜间社交媒体使用存在异质性,可分为低频使用-睡眠良好、高频使用-睡眠延迟、高频使用-睡眠干扰3类。其中,高频使用-睡眠延迟和高频使用-睡眠干扰是妊娠相关焦虑发生的高危群体,需给予重点关注。未来研究可进一步深入探讨主动使用与被动使用以及不同使用目的(如社交、信息获取、娱乐消遣)对妊娠期女性心理健康的差异化影响机制;此外,建立跨孕产期的纵向追踪设计,考察孕期夜间社交媒体使用模式对产后焦虑的长期效应,可以为构建覆盖妊娠至产后的全程化、精准化心理干预体系提供实证依据。
  • 山东省社会科学规划研究项目(24CSHJ05)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507205
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
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山东省社会科学规划研究项目(24CSHJ05)
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    1.山东大学护理与康复学院,山东 济南 250012
    2.山东大学齐鲁医院产科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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