Article(id=1324078214984892468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504521, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614446636, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614446636, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614446636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614446636, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=513, endPage=518, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078215223967797, articleId=1324078214984892468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Determinants of parental willingness toward 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination in Chinese children: a Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework analysis, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the influencing factors and pathways of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination intention among parents of eligible children in China.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among parents of age-eligible children in China. Based on the Behavioral and Social Drivers(BeSD)framework, descriptive statistics, univariate χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, analysis of variance, multivariable logistic regression, and partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM) were applied to analyze vaccination intention, its determinants, and the pathways through which these determinants influence vaccination intention.

Results

The PCV13 vaccination intention rate among parents was 64.0%. Notably, 29.8% of parents believed vaccination could impair immune function, and 51.4% perceived the newer PCV13 as riskier than PCV7. Binary Logistic regression and PLS-SEM identified the following promoting factors: single-child families, prior influenza vaccination in the past three years, higher parental knowledge and education, stronger perceived disease susceptibility and severity, social recommendations (from healthcare providers or peers), and greater perceived benefits of vaccination and sense of responsibility. PLS-SEM showed that perceived benefits and parental responsibility exhibited the strongest direct effects on vaccination intention.

Conclusion

Parental distrust in vaccine safety persists. Perceived benefits and responsibility are the most critical drivers of vaccination intention, while external social influences (e.g., peer behavior) outweigh internal factors (e.g., education level) in shaping decision-making.

, authors=Yuan DANG1, 3, Jia-shuang DU1, Bo-yan WANG1, Chun-ping WANG2, Yang-mu HUANG1, authorsList=Yuan DANG, Jia-shuang DU, Bo-yan WANG, Chun-ping WANG, Yang-mu HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang-mu HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078218390667330, articleId=1324078214984892468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于WHO行为和社会驱动因素模型的我国儿童13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨我国13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,PCV13)适龄儿童家长疫苗接种意愿的影响因素及作用路径。

方法

本文基于行为和社会驱动因素框架,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法进行电子问卷调查,使用描述性统计分析方法、单因素χ2检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验分析法、方差分析、多因素回归分析和偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型分析儿童家长对儿童肺炎疫苗的接种意愿现状与影响因素作用路径。

结果

研究表明儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿率为64.0%,有29.8%的儿童家长认为儿童接种肺炎疫苗会导致身体免疫功能下降,51.4%的儿童家长认为新上市的肺炎13价疫苗比7价疫苗风险更高。二元logistic回归模型和结构方程模型中分析发现独生子女家庭、儿童过去三年接种过流感疫苗、家长了解疫苗知识、家长文化程度越高、对疾病易感性严重性的认知(想法和感受)越高、所处社会环境如身边亲友/专业人员的推荐(社会过程)以及儿童家长对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心(行为可能性)越高,越有可能为孩子接种PCV13疫苗。在结构方程模型分析中发现,对疫苗接种行为意愿作用最明显的影响因素是对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心。

结论

儿童家长群体缺乏对疫苗安全性的信任。对疫苗接种行为意愿作用最明显的影响因素是对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心。亲友行为示范等外部因素相较于家长文化程度等内部因素对儿童家长的疫苗接种意愿具有作用更大的影响。

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党媛(2000—),女,硕士,无职称,研究方向:疫苗可及性

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黄旸木,E-mail:
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Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 2023, 32: 100666., articleTitle=Estimating National, regional and provincial cost-effectiveness of introducing childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in China: a modelling analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078231527227515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, awardId=72574002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(72574002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078231808245884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, awardId=Grant #21-433, language=CN, fundingSource=美国中华医学基金会(Grant #21-433), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078231904714877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, awardId=2023RKY07003, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2023RKY07003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078218898178115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078218910761029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, companyId=1324078218898178115, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078218923343942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, companyId=1324078218898178115, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京大学公共卫生学院,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078219003035719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078219015618632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, companyId=1324078219003035719, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第二医科大学)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078219082727497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078219091116106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, companyId=1324078219082727497, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京 100730)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078224682123372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Theoretical research model, figureFileSmall=sKXp9OCLt+WFlxlxytX73w==, figureFileBig=jOGMIW7aBMu8b37lWTKHZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078226338873453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究理论模型, figureFileSmall=sKXp9OCLt+WFlxlxytX73w==, figureFileBig=jOGMIW7aBMu8b37lWTKHZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078226984796271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Structural equation model of parents’ PCV13 vaccination intention, figureFileSmall=8e2bnYPR/YDDz/6vZl57ig==, figureFileBig=r4chG32g9VZiNb2DedyYGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078227584581744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=图2, caption=儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿结构方程模型图, figureFileSmall=8e2bnYPR/YDDz/6vZl57ig==, figureFileBig=r4chG32g9VZiNb2DedyYGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078228062732401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Weighting-adjusted BeSD scores for parents’ PCV13 vaccination intention ()

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评分愿意接种PCV13不愿意接种PCV13t值P值
疫苗知识了解情况21.93±9.9816.58±11.8390.154<0.001
社会过程24.44±3.8919.74±3.64222.929<0.001
想法和感受24.31±4.5120.81±4.72137.469<0.001
行为可能性23.76±3.5118.99±3.3250.213<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078228444414066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿BeSD评分(加权调整后)()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分愿意接种PCV13不愿意接种PCV13t值P值
疫苗知识了解情况21.93±9.9816.58±11.8390.154<0.001
社会过程24.44±3.8919.74±3.64222.929<0.001
想法和感受24.31±4.5120.81±4.72137.469<0.001
行为可能性23.76±3.5118.99±3.3250.213<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078228570243187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample households

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特征变量未加权调整的人数
(%,n=1 796)
加权调整后构成
比(%,n)
愿意接种
(%,n=1 184)
χ2值P值
是否为独生子女家庭是1 141(63.53)60.19783(66.13)10.1510.001
否665(37.03)39.81401(33.87)
家庭居住地城镇地区1 463(81.46)66.23998(84.29)18.448<0.001
农村地区333(18.54)33.77186(15.71)
看护人文化程度高中/职高及以下436(24.28)33.78176(14.86)13.054<0.001
本科/大专及以上1 360(75.72)66.22400(33.78)
家庭人均月收入(元)<5 000726(40.42)45.22480(40.54)0.0200.888
≥5 0001 070(59.58)54.78704(59.46)
家长过去三年流感疫苗接种史是897(49.94)49.34595(50.25)0.1330.716
否899(50.06)50.66589(49.75)
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史是1 045(58.18)57.88712(60.14)5.4320.020
否751(41.82)42.12472(39.86)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078228863844468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本家庭社会人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征变量未加权调整的人数
(%,n=1 796)
加权调整后构成
比(%,n)
愿意接种
(%,n=1 184)
χ2值P值
是否为独生子女家庭是1 141(63.53)60.19783(66.13)10.1510.001
否665(37.03)39.81401(33.87)
家庭居住地城镇地区1 463(81.46)66.23998(84.29)18.448<0.001
农村地区333(18.54)33.77186(15.71)
看护人文化程度高中/职高及以下436(24.28)33.78176(14.86)13.054<0.001
本科/大专及以上1 360(75.72)66.22400(33.78)
家庭人均月收入(元)<5 000726(40.42)45.22480(40.54)0.0200.888
≥5 0001 070(59.58)54.78704(59.46)
家长过去三年流感疫苗接种史是897(49.94)49.34595(50.25)0.1330.716
否899(50.06)50.66589(49.75)
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史是1 045(58.18)57.88712(60.14)5.4320.020
否751(41.82)42.12472(39.86)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078230575120501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariable analysis of factors associated with parents’ PCV13 vaccination intention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值
独生子女家庭(参照组:否)1.312(1.004~1.714)0.0471.419(1.376~1.463)<0.001
家庭居住地(参照组:城镇)0.892(0.625~1.274)0.5300.966(0.933~1.001)0.054
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史(参照组:接种过)0.920(0.709~1.192)0.5260.951(0.923~0.979)0.001
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况(题项得分总分)1.268(1.07~1.503)0.0061.349(1.323~1.376)<0.001
社会过程(题项得分总分)5.004(3.842~6.519)<0.0015.353(5.193~5.518)<0.001
想法和感受(题项得分总分)1.760(1.372~2.257)<0.0011.828(1.777~1.881)<0.001
行为可能性(题项得分总分)6.370(4.928~8.235)<0.0016.826(6.627~7.031)<0.001
看护人文化程度1.068(0.924~1.235)0.3711.103(1.086~1.121)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078230730309750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值
独生子女家庭(参照组:否)1.312(1.004~1.714)0.0471.419(1.376~1.463)<0.001
家庭居住地(参照组:城镇)0.892(0.625~1.274)0.5300.966(0.933~1.001)0.054
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史(参照组:接种过)0.920(0.709~1.192)0.5260.951(0.923~0.979)0.001
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况(题项得分总分)1.268(1.07~1.503)0.0061.349(1.323~1.376)<0.001
社会过程(题项得分总分)5.004(3.842~6.519)<0.0015.353(5.193~5.518)<0.001
想法和感受(题项得分总分)1.760(1.372~2.257)<0.0011.828(1.777~1.881)<0.001
行为可能性(题项得分总分)6.370(4.928~8.235)<0.0016.826(6.627~7.031)<0.001
看护人文化程度1.068(0.924~1.235)0.3711.103(1.086~1.121)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078230960996471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Model path coefficients and hypothesis testing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
假设β路径系数(97.5%CI)t值P值结果
家长文化程度→想法和感受0.094(0.046~0.140)3.919<0.001支持
家长文化程度→行为可能性0.086(0.024~0.146)2.7530.006支持
独生子女家庭→想法和感受0.092(0.007~0.177)2.0830.037支持
独生子女家庭→行为可能性-0.028(-0.131~0.079)0.5240.601不支持
儿童现居地→想法和感受0.026(-0.080~0.133)0.4650.642不支持
儿童现居地→行为可能性-0.043(-0.172~0.090)0.6590.510不支持
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史→想法和感受0.167(0.083~0.250)4.007<0.001支持
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史→行为可能性-0.020(-0.122~0.077)0.4050.685不支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→想法和感受0.299(0.201~0.403)5.776<0.001支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→行为可能性0.248(0.123~0.379)3.766<0.001支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→接种行为意向0.114(0.058~0.172)3.963<0.001支持
社会过程→想法和感受0.484(0.427~0.539)16.835<0.001支持
社会过程→接种行为意向0.503(0.387~0.512)15.956<0.001支持
行为可能性→接种行为意向0.354(0.293~0.414)11.369<0.001支持
想法和感受→接种行为意向0.113(0.074~0.153)5.588<0.001支持
), ArticleFig(id=1324078231028105336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型路径系数及假设检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
假设β路径系数(97.5%CI)t值P值结果
家长文化程度→想法和感受0.094(0.046~0.140)3.919<0.001支持
家长文化程度→行为可能性0.086(0.024~0.146)2.7530.006支持
独生子女家庭→想法和感受0.092(0.007~0.177)2.0830.037支持
独生子女家庭→行为可能性-0.028(-0.131~0.079)0.5240.601不支持
儿童现居地→想法和感受0.026(-0.080~0.133)0.4650.642不支持
儿童现居地→行为可能性-0.043(-0.172~0.090)0.6590.510不支持
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史→想法和感受0.167(0.083~0.250)4.007<0.001支持
儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史→行为可能性-0.020(-0.122~0.077)0.4050.685不支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→想法和感受0.299(0.201~0.403)5.776<0.001支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→行为可能性0.248(0.123~0.379)3.766<0.001支持
儿童家长疫苗知识了解情况→接种行为意向0.114(0.058~0.172)3.963<0.001支持
社会过程→想法和感受0.484(0.427~0.539)16.835<0.001支持
社会过程→接种行为意向0.503(0.387~0.512)15.956<0.001支持
行为可能性→接种行为意向0.354(0.293~0.414)11.369<0.001支持
想法和感受→接种行为意向0.113(0.074~0.153)5.588<0.001支持
), ArticleFig(id=1324078231116185721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediation effect analysis

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自变量中介变量因变量间接效应总效应VAF(%)
疫苗知识了解情况行为可能性行为意向0.0880.23537.45
疫苗知识了解情况想法和感受行为意向0.0340.23514.47
社会过程想法和感受行为意向0.0550.50310.93
), ArticleFig(id=1324078231363649658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078214984892468, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介效果检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量中介变量因变量间接效应总效应VAF(%)
疫苗知识了解情况行为可能性行为意向0.0880.23537.45
疫苗知识了解情况想法和感受行为意向0.0340.23514.47
社会过程想法和感受行为意向0.0550.50310.93
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基于WHO行为和社会驱动因素模型的我国儿童13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析
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党媛 1, 3 , 杜嘉双 1 , 王博琰 1 , 王春平 2 , 黄旸木 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(3): 513-518
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (3) : 513 -518
基于WHO行为和社会驱动因素模型的我国儿童13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析
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党媛1, 3, 杜嘉双1, 王博琰1, 王春平2, 黄旸木1
作者信息
  • 1.北京大学公共卫生学院,北京 100191
  • 2.山东第二医科大学
  • 3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京 100730
通讯作者:
黄旸木,E-mail:
作者简介:

党媛(2000—),女,硕士,无职称,研究方向:疫苗可及性

Determinants of parental willingness toward 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination in Chinese children: a Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework analysis
Yuan DANG1, 3, Jia-shuang DU1, Bo-yan WANG1, Chun-ping WANG2, Yang-mu HUANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504521
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目的

探讨我国13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,PCV13)适龄儿童家长疫苗接种意愿的影响因素及作用路径。

方法

本文基于行为和社会驱动因素框架,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法进行电子问卷调查,使用描述性统计分析方法、单因素χ2检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验分析法、方差分析、多因素回归分析和偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型分析儿童家长对儿童肺炎疫苗的接种意愿现状与影响因素作用路径。

结果

研究表明儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿率为64.0%,有29.8%的儿童家长认为儿童接种肺炎疫苗会导致身体免疫功能下降,51.4%的儿童家长认为新上市的肺炎13价疫苗比7价疫苗风险更高。二元logistic回归模型和结构方程模型中分析发现独生子女家庭、儿童过去三年接种过流感疫苗、家长了解疫苗知识、家长文化程度越高、对疾病易感性严重性的认知(想法和感受)越高、所处社会环境如身边亲友/专业人员的推荐(社会过程)以及儿童家长对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心(行为可能性)越高,越有可能为孩子接种PCV13疫苗。在结构方程模型分析中发现,对疫苗接种行为意愿作用最明显的影响因素是对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心。

结论

儿童家长群体缺乏对疫苗安全性的信任。对疫苗接种行为意愿作用最明显的影响因素是对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心。亲友行为示范等外部因素相较于家长文化程度等内部因素对儿童家长的疫苗接种意愿具有作用更大的影响。

PCV13疫苗  /  接种意愿  /  行为和社会驱动因素
Objective

To explore the influencing factors and pathways of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination intention among parents of eligible children in China.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among parents of age-eligible children in China. Based on the Behavioral and Social Drivers(BeSD)framework, descriptive statistics, univariate χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, analysis of variance, multivariable logistic regression, and partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM) were applied to analyze vaccination intention, its determinants, and the pathways through which these determinants influence vaccination intention.

Results

The PCV13 vaccination intention rate among parents was 64.0%. Notably, 29.8% of parents believed vaccination could impair immune function, and 51.4% perceived the newer PCV13 as riskier than PCV7. Binary Logistic regression and PLS-SEM identified the following promoting factors: single-child families, prior influenza vaccination in the past three years, higher parental knowledge and education, stronger perceived disease susceptibility and severity, social recommendations (from healthcare providers or peers), and greater perceived benefits of vaccination and sense of responsibility. PLS-SEM showed that perceived benefits and parental responsibility exhibited the strongest direct effects on vaccination intention.

Conclusion

Parental distrust in vaccine safety persists. Perceived benefits and responsibility are the most critical drivers of vaccination intention, while external social influences (e.g., peer behavior) outweigh internal factors (e.g., education level) in shaping decision-making.

13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine  /  Vaccination intention  /  Behavioral and social drivers
党媛, 杜嘉双, 王博琰, 王春平, 黄旸木. 基于WHO行为和社会驱动因素模型的我国儿童13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 513 -518 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504521
Yuan DANG, Jia-shuang DU, Bo-yan WANG, Chun-ping WANG, Yang-mu HUANG. Determinants of parental willingness toward 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination in Chinese children: a Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 513 -518 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504521
通过呼吸道传播的肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)作为一种条件致病菌,平时主要定植于人体的鼻咽部,当免疫力下降时可引发肺炎球菌性疾病(pneumococcal disease, PD)[1]。2022年一项在我国海南省的研究发现,30.4%的5岁以下健康儿童鼻咽部携带肺炎球菌[2]。PD是导致全球5岁以下儿童死亡的首要病因,大多数死亡病例发生在发展中国家[3]。我国5岁以下儿童PD病例数位居全球第二,每年约发生174万例严重病例,造成约3万儿童死亡[4-5]。因此,世界卫生组织将PD定为“极高度优先”使用疫苗预防的疾病[6]。当前全球共有160个国家将10价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,PCV10)和13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,PCV13)引入国家免疫规划[7],而我国是东亚国家中除朝鲜外唯一未将肺炎疫苗纳入免疫规划的国家。尽管接种肺炎疫苗对于保障全社会的健康水平具有积极的影响,但疫苗犹豫广泛存在于儿童家长中,数据显示我国PCV13疫苗接种率存在显著地区差异,城市是农村的2.2倍,东部地区最高,西部地区最低,整体儿童接种率不足10%[8]。因此,本研究基于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)在2018年发布的《影响疫苗接种决策的行为和社会驱动因素框架》[9]探讨我国PCV13适龄儿童家长疫苗接种决策的影响因素及作用路径。当前全球已有多位学者将该模型应用于麻疹[10]、COVID-19[11]、儿童常规疫苗[12]等疫苗接种影响因素的定性和定量研究,但国内应用该模型的二类疫苗研究仍较缺乏。
采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,参照基本公共卫生服务支出分档分担办法[13]进行抽样,分别于北京、重庆、吉林、山东、深圳进行调研。每省选取2个县(区),每个县(区)选取2个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇(街道)选取3~4个调查点(主要为接种门诊和社区卫生服务中心)。以子女具有疫苗接种条件的儿童直系亲属为研究对象,选择接种点免疫规划疫苗接种日作为调查日。本研究通过北京大学生物医学伦理委员会伦理审查(IRB00001052-23030)。
计算样本量公式为,取α=0.05时t=1.96; p为肺炎疫苗接种率,参考根据既往文献假定预期接种率p取55.6%[14];容许误差d=0.1×p,理论样本量为1 272人。本研究共回收1 865份问卷。
使用问卷星进行匿名问卷调查,完成知情同意后开始填写问卷。使用基于行为和社会驱动因素(behavioral and social drivers,BeSD)框架设计的问卷进行调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、疫苗知识、以及行为和BeSD/核心维度(想法和感受、社会过程、行为可能性)量表,见表1。量表采用Likert 5级评分,各潜变量的克朗巴哈系数分别为:0.876(疫苗知识了解情况)、0.944(社会过程)、0.898(想法和感受)、0.815(行为可能性)和0.849(接种行为意向),表明量表具有良好的内部一致性。依据个税起征点标准,将家庭人均月收入分为<5 000元和≥5 000元两组[15],将C12回答非常同意和同意(得分≥4)视为愿意为孩子接种PCV13疫苗。
调查员均通过统一培训,并进行预调查以完善问卷。所有问卷均经过逻辑核验。
研究模型包含六个维度:社会人口学特征、疫苗知识了解情况(家长对PCV13疫苗的了解程度)、想法和感受(包括对儿童患病风险及疾病严重性的判断)、行动可能性(家长的责任感与接种获益感知)、社会过程(来自医护人员、亲友及媒体的社会压力感知)以及疫苗接种意愿。研究疫苗接种意愿直接受想法和感受、行为可能性影响,并受到社会过程和疫苗知识的间接影响。见图1。
使用SPSS 26.0进行统计描述。为增强样本对总体的代表性,本研究依据《2024年中国统计年鉴》中城乡人口结构(城镇66.16%,农村33.84%)对数据进行了加权处理[16]。在单因素分析中,采用χ2检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验研究各变量与PCV13疫苗接种意愿的关联;多因素分析采用输入法的二分类logistic回归分析,变量纳入标准α入=0.05,α出=0.10。采用SmartPLS 4.0构建偏最小二乘(partial least squares, PLS)结构方程模型进行路径分析,检验水准α=0.05。
大部分纳入研究的家庭为独生子女家庭,占63.53%,儿童家长主要文化程度为大专/本科及以上,占75.72%。家庭人均月收入有59.58%的受访者在5 000元及以上,城镇地区家庭占81.46%,是主要人群。49.94%的儿童家长在过去三年内接种过流感疫苗,与此同时,58.18%的儿童在过去三年内接种过流感疫苗。本研究依据《2024年中国统计年鉴》城乡结构进行了加权调整。此外,将未调整的不同人口学特征变量纳入χ2检验,分析显示是否为独生子女家庭、家庭居住地、看护人文化程度、儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史对家长是否愿意接种PCV13疫苗差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
独立样本t检验显示愿意接种PCV13的家长,如表1所示,其在疫苗知识了解情况、社会过程、想法和感受、行为可能性各维度的得分均显著高于不愿意接种的家长。
采用输入法的二元logistic回归分析中,加权调整后的儿童家长PCV13疫苗接种意愿率为64.0%。模型中,独生子女家庭、儿童过去三年接种过流感疫苗、家长了解疫苗知识、家长文化程度越高、对疾病易感性严重性的认知(想法和感受)越高、所处社会环境如身边亲友/专业人员的推荐(社会过程)以及儿童家长对接种疫苗益处的感知程度和家长责任心(行为可能性)越高对家长PCV13疫苗接种选择有促进作用。见表3。
采用bootstrap(5 000次试验)算法对构建的模型进行检验,结构模型解释了疫苗接种意愿68.4%的变异,PLS结构模型的结果解释了观测变量之间的关系、路径系数(β)、t统计量和P值,见表4、图2。在变量之间的15个假设中,有11对变量显著并支持假设。人口学特征在模型中设置为哑变量,人口学变量中除儿童现居住地不影响模型的组成外,家长文化程度 (β=0.094,t=3.919,P<0.001)、独生子女家庭 (β=0.092,t=2.083,P=0.037)、儿童过去三年流感疫苗接种史(β=0.167,t=4.007,P<0.001)影响想法和感受。疫苗知识、社会过程、行为可能性以及想法和感受均显著影响接种行为意向(P< 0.05),该结果支持了本研究基于BeSD模型构建的儿童家长疫苗接种意愿模型。在模型中,行为可能性(β=0.354,t=11.369,P=<0.001)、想法和感受(β=0.113,t=5.588,P=<0.001)对疫苗接种行为意向具有显著的正向影响,其中行为可能性对其接种意向的影响更强。疫苗知识了解情况(β=0.299,t=5.776,P=<0.001)、社会过程(β=0.484,t=16.835,P=<0.001)对想法和感受均具有显著的正向影响,其中社会过程对想法和感受的影响更大。同时疫苗知识了解情况(β= 0.248,t=3.766,P=<0.001)也会影响儿童家长的行为可能性,但相较于其对想法和感受的影响更弱。
中介效应检验可以判断自变量是否通过中介变量影响了因变量。VAF是指间接效应占总效应的百分比,通常用来判断中介类型,其中VAF在20%~80%之间说明存在部分中介效应,低于20%则意味着不存在中介。本文的检验结果表明,疫苗知识对行为意向的影响通过行动可能性实现,间接效应为0.088,VAF为37.45%,说明存在部分中介效应。见表5。
随着疫苗种类增多和信息传播加速,公众对疫苗的疑虑日益复杂。近年来,儿童健康服务能力和水平不断满足人民群众的新期待,五岁以下儿童死亡率下降至6.8‰[17],也很少有儿童家长见过严重的PD感染导致的死亡病例,因此儿童家长重视疫苗接种益处的能力可能会减弱。
本研究探讨了儿童家长对PCV13疫苗的接种意愿及影响因素作用路径。研究发现,儿童家长的PCV13疫苗接种意愿率为64.0%,部分家长对于疫苗安全性仍存在顾虑,例如近三成的儿童家长认为接种肺炎疫苗可能影响儿童免疫功能,超过半数的家长认为新上市的13价PCV疫苗风险高于7价PCV疫苗,提示公众对疫苗安全性信任不足。这一结果与黄轶等[18]的研究一致,其研究发现PCV13接种率为55.60%,未接种的主要原因是担心疫苗副反应和疫苗质量。表明家长对疫苗安全性的担忧具有普遍性。相比于了解科学知识,自费接种疫苗的益处是儿童家长的主要关切。由于缺乏医学背景,部分家长可能高估接种风险,低估疾病危害。家庭结构为独生子女、儿童既往有流感疫苗接种史、家长具备较高的疫苗知识水平与文化程度均对接种意愿产生正向影响。此外,家长对肺炎疾病严重性与易感性的认知程度、来自亲友或专业人士的社会支持、对接种益处的感知水平以及家长自身责任感,亦显著提升其接种倾向。基于BeSD框架的结构方程模型分析发现,家长对接种益处的认知和责任心是预测接种行为的核心变量。虽然“想法和感受”对疫苗接种的影响不如“行为益处感知”显著,但其仍是儿童家长接种意愿形成的重要中介变量。该变量不仅受文化程度、家庭人口数、流感疫苗接种史等个体内部因素影响,也受到社会过程等外部因素影响。但相比于文化程度、疫苗知识等内部因素,外部因素尤其是亲友的行为示范对“想法和感受”具有更强的正向引导作用。
可见,儿童家长对二类疫苗接种的看法往往是通过不断地与环境因素互动和关联而形成的,个体所处的社会环境动态塑造着其疫苗信念、态度和行为,也为政策制定者通过医务人员、社会媒体等外部因素提供了制定针对性的干预措施重建立公众信任的机会[19]。近年来儿童家长通过医务人员健康教育获得疫苗信息之余,通过移动终端社交媒体搜索疫苗信息也逐渐成为人们获取信息的重要渠道。因此,一方面需要在强化医务人员推荐机制,通过培训、考核等方式督促医务人员对PCV13等二类疫苗的知识储备,利用奖励制度提高其推荐的积极性,提升PCV13疫苗的宣传推广效能;另一方面,随着数字技术的不断发展,数字化健康教育应运而生,其不仅在传播方式上更加灵活多样,还能够借助大数据、人工智能等技术手段,为儿童家长提供个性化的疫苗信息[20],例如可以利用数字化媒体平台,推送个性化、可信赖的疫苗信息。通过新媒体,公众号等方式普及PCV13等二类疫苗知识,使家长正确认识二类疫苗,加强其社会推广[21]。
当前PCV13疫苗接种覆盖率不足,难以形成有效的群体免疫,由此带来的可避免疾病负担加重了医保和社会医疗资源压力[22],有研究证明,疫苗价格与覆盖率呈负相关,疫苗价格是影响健康效益的最关键因素,PCV13疫苗价格下降能显著提高其健康效益[23-24];建议未来建议加强肺炎链球菌性疾病卫生经济学研究,通过地方惠民政策试点降低接种经济门槛,为将PCV13纳入国家免疫规划提供循证依据。
本研究存在以下局限:一是,疫苗接种意愿数据来源于家长自我报告,与实际接种行为可能存在差异,未来需开展社区层面的行为追踪与干预研究。二是,调查样本中农村家庭代表性不足,可能导致选择偏倚。此外,本研究基于BeSD模型主要考察行为与社会驱动因素,未充分纳入卫生服务可及性等外部环境变量,后续可结合相关理论进一步探讨行为驱动因素与外部环境的交互影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(72574002)
  • 美国中华医学基金会(Grant #21-433)
  • 2023年度山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2023RKY07003)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504521
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72574002)
美国中华医学基金会(Grant #21-433)
2023年度山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2023RKY07003)
作者信息
    1.北京大学公共卫生学院,北京 100191
    2.山东第二医科大学
    3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京 100730

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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