Article(id=1324078190699873225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508099, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754668800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614440846, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614440846, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614440846, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614440846, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=546, endPage=551, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078190951531466, articleId=1324078190699873225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with cognitive frailty, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with cognitive frailty (CF) in older adults, and to analyze variations in this association across different population subgroups, thereby providing a scientific basis for targeted interventions.

Methods

Guided by the health ecology theory, this study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 2 695 participants aged 60 years or older were included.MetS was diagnosed according to the Chinese Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment (2020 edition), while CF was assessed using the Frailty Phenotype (FP) combined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between MetS and CF.

Results

After adjusting for multiple factors, it was found that MetS was associated with CF (OR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.016-1.346). Component analysis showed that central obesity was independently associated with CF (OR=1.233, 95% CI: 1.057-1.416). As the number of MetS components increased, the OR for its association with CF also correspondingly increased. Subgroup analysis found a statistical interaction effect of fall history in the association between MetS and CF (P=0.02). In addition, among individuals who were unmarried, had an education level below primary school, were retired, or had depression, the strength of the association between MetS and CF was numerically higher.

Conclusion

MetS was significantly associated with CF, and this association was modified by factors such as fall history. These findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing MetS and its key components (e.g., central obesity) are crucial for CF prevention.

, authors=Rui-feng WANG1, Feng-jiao CHANG1, 2, Xiao-lan GUO1, Yao DING3, authorsList=Rui-feng WANG, Feng-jiao CHANG, Xiao-lan GUO, Yao DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feng-jiao CHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078192356623312, articleId=1324078190699873225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=代谢综合征及其组分与认知衰弱的相关性研究, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MetS)及其组分与老年人认知衰弱的关联,并分析该关联在不同特征人群中的差异,为精准干预提供科学依据。

方法

基于健康生态学理论,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)数据库,纳入年龄≥60岁的研究人群共2 695人。MetS依据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》,认知衰弱基于衰弱表型联合简易精神状态量表(mini mental state examination, MMSE)进行判定。采用logistic回归模型、亚组分析评估MetS与认知衰弱之间的相关性。

结果

多因素校正后,发现MetS与认知衰弱存在关联(OR=1.169,95% CI: 1.016~1.346)。组分分析显示,中心性肥胖与认知衰弱独立相关(OR=1.233,95% CI: 1.057~1.416)。随着MetS组分数增加,其与认知衰弱关联的OR值也相应升高。亚组分析发现,跌倒史在MetS与认知衰弱的关联中存在统计交互效应(P=0.02)。此外,在非在婚、小学以下教育水平、退休及抑郁人群中,MetS与认知衰弱的关联强度在数值上更高。

结论

MetS与认知衰弱存在显著关联,且该关联受跌倒史等因素的修饰,提示针对性干预MetS及其关键组分(如中心性肥胖),对预防认知衰弱具有重要意义。

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王瑞峰(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病预防与护理

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常凤娇,E-mail:
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Risk prediction of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 35(12): 1037-1042. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Risk prediction of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078204138423294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, awardId=2025JC-YBMS-934, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省自然科学基础研究面上项目(2025JC-YBMS-934), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078204213920767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, awardId=2024XKZD16, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西中医药大学校级高水平中医药重点学科护理学建设项目(2024XKZD16), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078192847356881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078192876717010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, companyId=1324078192847356881, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078192885105619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, companyId=1324078192847356881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.陕西中医药大学,护理学院,陕西 咸阳 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078192968991700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078192985768917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, companyId=1324078192968991700, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陕西中医药大学第二附属医院护理部,陕西 咸阳 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078194608964566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078194667684823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, companyId=1324078194608964566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.空军军医大学第二附属医院康复科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078197557560309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of the selection process for research subjects, figureFileSmall=BKjvyHG6VAFVSGWhv+Gh+A==, figureFileBig=ehMriWGsyXoIQDgX8jNnoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078199247864822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=BKjvyHG6VAFVSGWhv+Gh+A==, figureFileBig=ehMriWGsyXoIQDgX8jNnoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078201340822519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Subgroup analysis of MetS and CF, figureFileSmall=RZ48IHudAxeUe+h7KTZ8GQ==, figureFileBig=Eia3jHLmDdMzg0PG4HKKPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078201600869368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MetS与认知衰弱的亚组分析, figureFileSmall=RZ48IHudAxeUe+h7KTZ8GQ==, figureFileBig=Eia3jHLmDdMzg0PG4HKKPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078202041271289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the study population [M(P25,P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量整体(n=2 695)非认知衰弱组(n=587)有认知衰弱组(n=2 108)统计量χ2/H值P值
社会人口学特征
年龄(岁)67.65(63,71)65.88(62,69)68.15(63,72)55.796<0.001
性别1.198a0.274
男1 420(52.70)321(54.70)1 099(52.10)
女1 275(47.30)266(45.30)1 009(47.90)
婚姻状态5. 132a0.023
非在婚2 219(82.40)85(14.50)390(18.50)
已婚475(17.60)502(85.50)1 717(81.50)
居住地3.191a<0.001
城市1 039(38.60)169(28.80)870(41.30)
乡村1 656(61.40)418(71.20)1 238(58.70)
教育水平14.741a0.002
小学以下1 353(50.30)324(55.20)1 029(48.90)
小学759(28.20)169(28.80)590(28.00)
中学393(14.60)67(11.40)326(15.50)
中学以上186(6.90)27(4.60)159(7.60)
健在子女数(个)3.18(2,4)3.08(2,4)3.21(2,4)3.6950.055
家庭人均消费(元)12 611.99
(4 495.00,14 882.50)
12 354.72
(434.81,14 303.50)
12 683.85
(466.00,1 504.00)
0.4190.517
生活方式因素
吸烟1.535a0.215
不吸烟1 374(51.00)286(48.70)1 088(51.60)
吸烟1 321(49.00)301(51.30)1 020(48.40)
饮酒3.124a0.077
不饮酒1 404(52.10)287(48.90)1 117(53.00)
饮酒1 290(47.90)300(51.10)990(47.00)
退休状态3.306a<0.001
未退休2 171(81.30)520(89.20)1 651(79.10)
退休498(18.70)63(10.80)435(20.90)
锻炼史53.474a<0.001
不锻炼293(10.90)15(2.60)278(13.20)
锻炼2 400(89.10)571(97.40)1 829(89.10)
生活满意度5.131a0.024
不满意1 216(45.40)240(41.2)976(46.5)
满意1 464(54.60)342(58.8)1 122(53.5)
自理能力(分)0.43(0.00,0.00)0.45(0.00,1.00)0.42(0.00,1.00)2.6510.104
临床特征
残疾2.7830.095
无残疾1 647(61.40)341(58.40)1 306(62.20)
残疾1 037(38.60)243(41.60)794(37.80)
抑郁状态95.668a<0.001
非抑郁2 359(87.70)444(75.90)1 915(90.90)
抑郁332(12.30)141(24.10)191(9.10)
共病0.400a0.527
无1 140(42.30)255(43.40)885(42.00)
有1 555(57.70)332(56.60)1 223(58.00)
跌倒史6.965a0.008
无跌倒2 151(79.80)446(75.98)1 705(80.90)
跌倒543(20.20)141(24.02)402(19.10)
C反应蛋白(mg/l)2.99(0.80,2.80)3.00(0.70,2.80)2.98(0.80,2.70)2.3110.128
血小板计数(109/L)217(156.00,237.00)195.91(15.00,232.00)201.35(158.00,239.00)5.3260.021
MetS及其组分
中心性肥胖(cm)85.17(78.80,93.20)82.65(76.50,90.05)85.87(79.40,94.00)35.984<0.001
血糖(mmol/L)104.37(88.29,108.11102.21(88.29,106.31)104.37(88.29,108.11)0.0180.892
收缩压(mm Hg)137.98(116.50,144.00)126.00(115.00,142.00)128.00(115.00,142.00)1.8410.001
舒张压(mm Hg)74.4(66.50,81.50)74.01(65.50,81.00)74.51(67.00,81.50)1.2900.256
高密度脂蛋白(mmol/L)51.51(43.24,57.92)52.60(44.02,59.46)51.21(42.86,57.53)8.5540.003
甘油三酯(mmol/L)147.50(82.30,167.26)138.20(79.65,158.41)140.75(82.30,167.26)5.2420.022
MetS16.422a<0.001
无1 977(73.40)469(79.90)1 508(71.50)
有718(26.60)118(20.10)600(28.50)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078203677049851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基线特征[M(P25,P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量整体(n=2 695)非认知衰弱组(n=587)有认知衰弱组(n=2 108)统计量χ2/H值P值
社会人口学特征
年龄(岁)67.65(63,71)65.88(62,69)68.15(63,72)55.796<0.001
性别1.198a0.274
男1 420(52.70)321(54.70)1 099(52.10)
女1 275(47.30)266(45.30)1 009(47.90)
婚姻状态5. 132a0.023
非在婚2 219(82.40)85(14.50)390(18.50)
已婚475(17.60)502(85.50)1 717(81.50)
居住地3.191a<0.001
城市1 039(38.60)169(28.80)870(41.30)
乡村1 656(61.40)418(71.20)1 238(58.70)
教育水平14.741a0.002
小学以下1 353(50.30)324(55.20)1 029(48.90)
小学759(28.20)169(28.80)590(28.00)
中学393(14.60)67(11.40)326(15.50)
中学以上186(6.90)27(4.60)159(7.60)
健在子女数(个)3.18(2,4)3.08(2,4)3.21(2,4)3.6950.055
家庭人均消费(元)12 611.99
(4 495.00,14 882.50)
12 354.72
(434.81,14 303.50)
12 683.85
(466.00,1 504.00)
0.4190.517
生活方式因素
吸烟1.535a0.215
不吸烟1 374(51.00)286(48.70)1 088(51.60)
吸烟1 321(49.00)301(51.30)1 020(48.40)
饮酒3.124a0.077
不饮酒1 404(52.10)287(48.90)1 117(53.00)
饮酒1 290(47.90)300(51.10)990(47.00)
退休状态3.306a<0.001
未退休2 171(81.30)520(89.20)1 651(79.10)
退休498(18.70)63(10.80)435(20.90)
锻炼史53.474a<0.001
不锻炼293(10.90)15(2.60)278(13.20)
锻炼2 400(89.10)571(97.40)1 829(89.10)
生活满意度5.131a0.024
不满意1 216(45.40)240(41.2)976(46.5)
满意1 464(54.60)342(58.8)1 122(53.5)
自理能力(分)0.43(0.00,0.00)0.45(0.00,1.00)0.42(0.00,1.00)2.6510.104
临床特征
残疾2.7830.095
无残疾1 647(61.40)341(58.40)1 306(62.20)
残疾1 037(38.60)243(41.60)794(37.80)
抑郁状态95.668a<0.001
非抑郁2 359(87.70)444(75.90)1 915(90.90)
抑郁332(12.30)141(24.10)191(9.10)
共病0.400a0.527
无1 140(42.30)255(43.40)885(42.00)
有1 555(57.70)332(56.60)1 223(58.00)
跌倒史6.965a0.008
无跌倒2 151(79.80)446(75.98)1 705(80.90)
跌倒543(20.20)141(24.02)402(19.10)
C反应蛋白(mg/l)2.99(0.80,2.80)3.00(0.70,2.80)2.98(0.80,2.70)2.3110.128
血小板计数(109/L)217(156.00,237.00)195.91(15.00,232.00)201.35(158.00,239.00)5.3260.021
MetS及其组分
中心性肥胖(cm)85.17(78.80,93.20)82.65(76.50,90.05)85.87(79.40,94.00)35.984<0.001
血糖(mmol/L)104.37(88.29,108.11102.21(88.29,106.31)104.37(88.29,108.11)0.0180.892
收缩压(mm Hg)137.98(116.50,144.00)126.00(115.00,142.00)128.00(115.00,142.00)1.8410.001
舒张压(mm Hg)74.4(66.50,81.50)74.01(65.50,81.00)74.51(67.00,81.50)1.2900.256
高密度脂蛋白(mmol/L)51.51(43.24,57.92)52.60(44.02,59.46)51.21(42.86,57.53)8.5540.003
甘油三酯(mmol/L)147.50(82.30,167.26)138.20(79.65,158.41)140.75(82.30,167.26)5.2420.022
MetS16.422a<0.001
无1 977(73.40)469(79.90)1 508(71.50)
有718(26.60)118(20.10)600(28.50)
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Logistic regression model analysis of MetS, components, number of components and CF [OR(95% CI)]

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变量模型1模型2模型3
MetS1.212(1.123~1.309)<0.0011.150(1.001~1.321)0.0491.169(1.016~1.346)0.030
MetS组分
中心性肥胖1.493(1.241~1.835)<0.0011.215(1.050~1.405)0.0091.233(1.057~1.416)0.007
高血糖1.105(0.863~1.415)0.4290.949(0.823~1.094)0.4740.943(0.818~1.088)0.420
高密度脂蛋白降低1.185(0.878~1.598)0.2681.024(0.878~1.195)0.7641.062(0.907~1.242)0.455
甘油三酯升高1.020(0.817~1.274)0.8600.948(0.805~1.117)0.5250.951(0.807~1.120)0.547
血压升高1.243(1.021~1.513)0.0301.047(0.906~1.210)0.5331.033(0.894~1.194)0.659
MetS组分数
0RefRefRef
11.202(0.924~1.565)0.1711.086(0.829~1.423)0.5501.130(0.853~1.496)0.394
21.399(1.061~1.845)0.0171.240(0.933~1.648)0.1381.263(0.940~1.699)0.122
31.812(1.310~2.507)<0.0011.672(1.200~2.328)0.0021.720(1.218~2.430)0.002
41.786(1.201~2.656)0.0041.688(1.125~2.534)0.0121.707(1.117~2.609)0.013
515.472(2.105~113.729)0.00711.870(1.600~88.064)0.01614.919(1.960~113.540)0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1324078203895153661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078190699873225, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MetS、组分、组分数与 认知衰弱的logistic回归模型分析[OR值(95% CI)]

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变量模型1模型2模型3
MetS1.212(1.123~1.309)<0.0011.150(1.001~1.321)0.0491.169(1.016~1.346)0.030
MetS组分
中心性肥胖1.493(1.241~1.835)<0.0011.215(1.050~1.405)0.0091.233(1.057~1.416)0.007
高血糖1.105(0.863~1.415)0.4290.949(0.823~1.094)0.4740.943(0.818~1.088)0.420
高密度脂蛋白降低1.185(0.878~1.598)0.2681.024(0.878~1.195)0.7641.062(0.907~1.242)0.455
甘油三酯升高1.020(0.817~1.274)0.8600.948(0.805~1.117)0.5250.951(0.807~1.120)0.547
血压升高1.243(1.021~1.513)0.0301.047(0.906~1.210)0.5331.033(0.894~1.194)0.659
MetS组分数
0RefRefRef
11.202(0.924~1.565)0.1711.086(0.829~1.423)0.5501.130(0.853~1.496)0.394
21.399(1.061~1.845)0.0171.240(0.933~1.648)0.1381.263(0.940~1.699)0.122
31.812(1.310~2.507)<0.0011.672(1.200~2.328)0.0021.720(1.218~2.430)0.002
41.786(1.201~2.656)0.0041.688(1.125~2.534)0.0121.707(1.117~2.609)0.013
515.472(2.105~113.729)0.00711.870(1.600~88.064)0.01614.919(1.960~113.540)0.009
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代谢综合征及其组分与认知衰弱的相关性研究
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王瑞峰 1 , 常凤娇 1, 2 , 郭小兰 1 , 丁尧 3
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2026,53(3): 546-551
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2026 , 53 (3) : 546 -551
代谢综合征及其组分与认知衰弱的相关性研究
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王瑞峰(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病预防与护理

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王瑞峰1, 常凤娇1, 2 , 郭小兰1, 丁尧3
作者信息
  • 1.陕西中医药大学,护理学院,陕西 咸阳 712046
  • 2.陕西中医药大学第二附属医院护理部,陕西 咸阳 712046
  • 3.空军军医大学第二附属医院康复科
通讯作者:
常凤娇,E-mail:
作者简介:

王瑞峰(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病预防与护理

Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with cognitive frailty
Rui-feng WANG1, Feng-jiao CHANG1, 2 , Xiao-lan GUO1, Yao DING3
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508099
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目的

探讨代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MetS)及其组分与老年人认知衰弱的关联,并分析该关联在不同特征人群中的差异,为精准干预提供科学依据。

方法

基于健康生态学理论,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)数据库,纳入年龄≥60岁的研究人群共2 695人。MetS依据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》,认知衰弱基于衰弱表型联合简易精神状态量表(mini mental state examination, MMSE)进行判定。采用logistic回归模型、亚组分析评估MetS与认知衰弱之间的相关性。

结果

多因素校正后,发现MetS与认知衰弱存在关联(OR=1.169,95% CI: 1.016~1.346)。组分分析显示,中心性肥胖与认知衰弱独立相关(OR=1.233,95% CI: 1.057~1.416)。随着MetS组分数增加,其与认知衰弱关联的OR值也相应升高。亚组分析发现,跌倒史在MetS与认知衰弱的关联中存在统计交互效应(P=0.02)。此外,在非在婚、小学以下教育水平、退休及抑郁人群中,MetS与认知衰弱的关联强度在数值上更高。

结论

MetS与认知衰弱存在显著关联,且该关联受跌倒史等因素的修饰,提示针对性干预MetS及其关键组分(如中心性肥胖),对预防认知衰弱具有重要意义。

认知衰弱  /  代谢综合征  /  老年人  /  健康生态学理论
Objective

To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with cognitive frailty (CF) in older adults, and to analyze variations in this association across different population subgroups, thereby providing a scientific basis for targeted interventions.

Methods

Guided by the health ecology theory, this study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 2 695 participants aged 60 years or older were included.MetS was diagnosed according to the Chinese Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment (2020 edition), while CF was assessed using the Frailty Phenotype (FP) combined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between MetS and CF.

Results

After adjusting for multiple factors, it was found that MetS was associated with CF (OR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.016-1.346). Component analysis showed that central obesity was independently associated with CF (OR=1.233, 95% CI: 1.057-1.416). As the number of MetS components increased, the OR for its association with CF also correspondingly increased. Subgroup analysis found a statistical interaction effect of fall history in the association between MetS and CF (P=0.02). In addition, among individuals who were unmarried, had an education level below primary school, were retired, or had depression, the strength of the association between MetS and CF was numerically higher.

Conclusion

MetS was significantly associated with CF, and this association was modified by factors such as fall history. These findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing MetS and its key components (e.g., central obesity) are crucial for CF prevention.

Cognitive frailty  /  Metabolic syndrome  /  Older adults  /  Health ecology theory
王瑞峰, 常凤娇, 郭小兰, 丁尧. 代谢综合征及其组分与认知衰弱的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 546 -551 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508099
Rui-feng WANG, Feng-jiao CHANG, Xiao-lan GUO, Yao DING. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with cognitive frailty[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 546 -551 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508099
认知衰弱(cognitive frailty)是一种排除痴呆症后,躯体衰弱与认知障碍共存的临床综合征[1]。随着全球老龄化进程加剧,认知衰弱因其在老年群体中的高患病率及其与生活质量恶化[2]、慢性病进展加速、功能障碍等多种负面健康结局的强关联而备受关注[3-6],现已被确立为实现健康老龄化的关键干预靶点。
代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MetS)是以中心性肥胖、高血糖、血脂异常及高血压等为特征的系统性代谢紊乱[7]。大量证据表明,MetS可能是认知衰弱的重要驱动因素。其潜在机制复杂,主要包括:胰岛素抵抗会削弱神经元对葡萄糖的利用并损害突触可塑性;慢性低度炎症可加速神经细胞凋亡;而脑血管功能障碍则会导致脑血流调节异常与血脑屏障受损,这些途径共同构成了大脑退行性变与认知衰退的病理基础[8-11]。
然而,目前国内关于MetS与认知衰弱关联的相关研究尚显不足,尤其缺乏基于理论框架对影响因素的系统探讨。为此,本研究基于健康生态学理论,从个体特征、心理及行为特征、家庭与社会支持以及生活工作环境等多个层次出发[12],利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,系统分析MetS及其组分与认知衰弱的关联,旨在为在不同层面制定精准的预防与干预策略提供科学依据。
资料来自北京大学国家发展研究院负责实施的国内健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)。该项目是针对45岁以上居民的全国代表纵向调查,涵盖2011年的基线调查以及2013、2015、2018和2020年四个年期的随访调查。本研究共纳入2015年的2 695名参与者,对象筛选流程见图1。
本研究的因变量是认知衰弱。认知衰弱作为一组同时存在认知障碍和衰弱状态的临床症候群,衰弱的程度评估基于Fried身体虚弱表型,包括步速缓慢、握力低、疲劳、体力活动低、体重减轻等[13],每个标准赋值1分,≥ 3分视为衰弱。利用数据库调查中简易精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)[14-15]来衡量老年人是否存在认知功能障碍。
衰弱(依据Fried标准)和认知功能障碍(依据MMSE标准)共存,排除并发的阿尔茨海默病或其他痴呆者视为认知衰弱。在此基础上,将参与者划分为“认知衰弱”与“非认知衰弱”两类,并在数据分析中分别赋值为1和0。
《中国防治2 型糖尿病指南 (2020 年版)》[16]中的 MetS 的诊断标准临床上包含下列五个条目中的 3 条即可诊断:(1)腹型肥胖(即中心型肥胖):中心性肥胖中男性≥90 cm,女性≥85 cm;(2)高血糖:空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L 和(或)已确诊为糖尿病的治疗者;(3)高血压:血压≥130/85 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和(或)已确认为高血压;(4)空腹甘油三酯(TG)≥1.70 mmol/L;(5)空腹高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density ipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)<l.04 mmol/L。MetS按上述 5 条标准进行判断,不符合标准的计分为0,符合标准的计分为 1,≥3 分的受试者判定为MetS 患者[17]。
基于健康生态学理论模型 (health ecology theory model structure),本研究纳入的协变量包括:个体生物学特征(年龄、性别、自理能力、C反应蛋白、血小板计数)、心理及行为特征(吸烟、抑郁状态、残疾状况、饮酒、锻炼史、跌倒史、共病)、家庭和社会支持(婚姻状况、居住地、健在子女数)、生活工作条件(教育水平、退休状态、生活满意度)、经济条件(人均消费)。
数据预处理与样本筛选在R语言环境下完成(R4.3.3),统计分析使用SPSS 27.0软件。对于符合偏态分布数据用[M(P25,P75)]来描述,用秩和检验来进行组间比较。计数资料用频数和百分比表示,用χ2检验进行组间比较,用logistic回归模型分析老年人认知衰弱的影响因素,计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)值和95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。通过亚组分析考察在不同危险因素分层下MetS与认知衰弱的关系。建立多因素调节模型:模型1未作任何调整的粗模型;模型2调整年龄、教育水平、居住地、婚姻状态;模型3在模型2的基础上再调整退休状态、抑郁状态、生活满意度、跌倒史和锻炼史。检验水准α=0.05。
共纳入研究2 695人,中位年龄67.65岁。与未患认知衰弱相比,患有认知衰弱人群中位年龄更大,男性、小学以下学历、农村居民占比更高。另外,年龄、婚姻状态、教育水平、退休状态、居住地、锻炼史、跌倒史、中心性肥胖、高收缩压、高密度脂蛋白和高甘油三酯在两组间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。研究对象的基线特征见表1。
多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在逐步校正了年龄、教育水平、居住地、婚姻状态、退休状态、抑郁、生活满意度、跌倒和锻炼状况后(模型3),MetS与认知衰弱存在关联。进一步分析MetS各组分发现,中心性肥胖与认知衰弱独立相关,而高血糖、高密度脂蛋白降低、甘油三酯升高和血压升高与认知衰弱的独立关联均未达到统计学显著性。随着MetS组分数增加,其与认知衰弱关联的OR值也相应升高。见表2。
亚组分析结果显示,MetS与认知衰弱的关联强度在不同人群中存在差异。在非在婚、小学以下教育水平、退休、以及抑郁的亚组中,MetS与认知衰弱的关联强度在数值上更高(OR=1.70、1.86、2.76、1.75),但这些因素的交互作用均无统计学差异。交互作用分析表明,仅跌倒史在MetS与认知衰弱的关联中存在统计学意义的交互效应(P=0.02)。在有跌倒史的个体中,MetS与认知衰弱的关联强度(OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.61-4.33)显著强于无跌倒史的个体。见图2。
本研究利用CHARLS数据库,系统分析了MetS及其组分与中国老年人认知衰弱之间的关联。结果显示,MetS与认知衰弱发生存在关联,与李和翠等[18-19]对心血管疾病人群研究结果一致。MetS组分分析得出,中心性肥胖与认知衰弱独立相关;且异常组分数越多,认知衰弱对应的OR数值越大。亚组分析进一步提示,在MetS与认知衰弱的关联中跌倒史呈现显著交互作用。
既往研究已表明MetS与衰弱的关联[20],但直接探讨其与认知衰弱这一复合结局关系的研究仍相对有限。MetS与认知衰弱之间的潜在病理关联机制复杂且可能相互交织。一方面,MetS通过胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症、氧化应激、肾素-血管紧张素系统激活以及脑血管损伤等多种途径,诱发神经炎症与血管功能障碍,直接损害认知功能[21-22];同时,MetS常导致身体成分改变,引发肌肉减少性肥胖,从而显著增加躯体衰弱的风险。另一方面,衰弱作为一种多系统病理生理状态,其特征性的能量代谢异常、骨骼肌质量与功能下降以及神经内分泌紊乱,与MetS共享部分病理基础[23]。本研究的发现,即MetS与认知衰弱显著相关,为这一理论框架提供了重要的流行病学证据,提示MetS可能同时通过认知损害和躯体衰弱两条通路,最终导向认知衰弱。
从MetS各组分来看,中心性肥胖表现出独立相关关系,与Linyuan等[24]的研究结果一致。研究表明,肥胖与多种慢性病密切相关,而衰弱的发生发展与共病数量存在正相关关系[25]。更重要的是,Panlin等[26]的纵向研究发现,肥胖本身与大脑结构变化及认知功能下降风险增加相关。这些证据共同提示,中心性肥胖可能通过增加共病负担和直接损害大脑健康两条途径,成为驱动认知衰弱发生的关键因素。但在MetS的整体框架下,这些组分的效应也可能被中心性肥胖这一更强的主导因素所掩盖或中介,现有文献[27-28]也指出中心性肥胖在预测MetS相关健康风险方面具有较高的灵敏度与特异度。
亚组分析进一步提示,跌倒史在MetS与认知衰弱的关联中存在显著的交互作用。其背后的生物学机制在于,MetS相关的慢性炎症与胰岛素抵抗可加剧肌肉减少与神经退行性变,从而损害平衡功能,增加跌倒风险[29]。而跌倒事件发生后,老年人常因 “害怕跌倒”而主动减少活动,导致身体功能进一步衰退与社会隔离,这不仅加速了衰弱进程,也通过减少认知储备损害认知功能[30]。因此,MetS、跌倒与认知衰弱之间构成了一个相互加剧的恶性循环。跌倒史作为一个关键的效应修饰因子,它的存在会显著放大MetS对认知衰弱的危害效应。
基于健康生态学理论,我们推测在MetS与CF的关联中除跌倒史外,可能存在多层次因素的影响机制。在心理及行为特征层面,抑郁与认知下降常相互加剧,可能导致社会参与减少、营养摄入不足与体力活动下降,形成恶性循环,这或许是潜在的混杂或中介路径[15,31]。在家庭与社会支持层面,非在婚状态可能通过削弱社会支持、加重心理压力、限制社会参与以及减少健康行为等路径[29,32],加剧个体的衰弱程度与认知功能下降。在生活与工作条件层面,教育水平是认知储备的重要构建因素。与Pour[33]等人的结论一致,较高教育水平通常与更好的健康观念、自我管理能力及社会经济地位相关,这有助于构建认知韧性,延缓认知衰退[34]。此外,退休所带来的社会角色与生活节奏改变,也可能通过影响心理适应、体力与社会活动水平,间接调节健康结局[35]。尽管这些多层次因素在本研究中未显示显著的统计交互作用,但其理论上的重要性不容忽视。未来的研究需要更大样本或更精确的测量来进一步验证这些因素在MetS与CF关联中的具体作用机制。
综上所述,本研究证实了在中国老年人群中,MetS与认知衰弱存在相关关系,且中心性肥胖是其独立相关因素。鉴于认知衰弱作为认知与躯体功能并存的综合征,其所导致的不良健康结局风险远高于单一病症,早期识别与干预至关重要。本研究进一步提示,未来的公共卫生干预策略应侧重于精准防控,例如,以管理中心性肥胖为核心加强代谢健康,并将有跌倒史的个体作为重点筛查与管理的高危人群。通过此类针对性措施,有望有效延缓或阻断认知衰弱的进程,从而为促进健康老龄化提供切实路径。
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究面上项目(2025JC-YBMS-934)
  • 陕西中医药大学校级高水平中医药重点学科护理学建设项目(2024XKZD16)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508099
  • 接收时间:2025-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-09
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陕西省自然科学基础研究面上项目(2025JC-YBMS-934)
陕西中医药大学校级高水平中医药重点学科护理学建设项目(2024XKZD16)
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    1.陕西中医药大学,护理学院,陕西 咸阳 712046
    2.陕西中医药大学第二附属医院护理部,陕西 咸阳 712046
    3.空军军医大学第二附属医院康复科

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