Article(id=1324078165886378719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509365, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758470400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614434929, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614434929, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614434929, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614434929, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=429, endPage=434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078166129648352, articleId=1324078165886378719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Changing trend of disease burden of liver cancer by major etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the change of disease burden of liver cancer caused by several major etiologies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021(GBD2021) study for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected and analyzed. Using the Joinpoint software, the annual percent change(APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) corresponding to the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other factors were calculated.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the AAPC of liver cancer incidence rates caused by HBV, HCV, alcohol, NASH and other factors in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 3.41%, 4.58%, 5.01%, 5.14% and 2.99%, respectively (all P values <0.05). The AAPC of liver cancer mortality rates caused by these etiologies was 2.79%, 4.26%, 4.51%, 4.82%, and 2.57%, respectively (all P values <0.05).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate of liver cancer have shown a downward trend, indicating that the prevention and control efforts have achieved initial success. HBV and HCV infections remain the major causes of severe liver cancer burden in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In future, more targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed based on viral infections.

, authors=Qing ZHANG, Li-ying QIAO, Wei-wei KANG, Yun-feng XI, Hai-yan SHI, authorsList=Qing ZHANG, Li-ying QIAO, Wei-wei KANG, Yun-feng XI, Hai-yan SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hai-yan SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078168868528873, articleId=1324078165886378719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌主要病因的疾病负担变化趋势分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1990—2021年内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)几种主要病因所致肝癌的疾病负担变化。

方法

收集整理2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2021,GBD2021)中国分省研究中内蒙古的数据,运用Joinpoint软件,计算乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B,HBV)感染、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C,HCV)感染、酒精、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)、其他因素导致的肝癌发病率和死亡率对应的年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

1990—2021年内蒙古人群由HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌发病率AAPC分别为3.41%、4.58%、5.01%、5.14%、2.99%(P均<0.05),各病因导致的肝癌死亡率AAPC分别为2.79%、4.26%、4.51%、4.82%、2.57%(P均<0.05)。

结论

1990—2021年,肝癌标化发病率和标化死亡率已出现下降趋势,防控效果初见成效;HBV、HCV感染仍然是目前内蒙古肝癌疾病负担严重的重要原因,后续应针对病毒感染制定更具针对性的防控策略。

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张卿(1993—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制

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石海燕,E-mail:
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Research progress in epidemiology and risk factors of primary liver cancer[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(6):637-642. 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Lancet, 2025, 406(10504): 731-778., articleTitle=The lancet commission on addressing the global hepatocellular carcinoma burden:comprehensive strategies from prevention to treatment, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078169099215594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078169111798507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, companyId=1324078169099215594, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Inner Mongolia Academy of Preventive Medicine), Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078169120187116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, companyId=1324078169099215594, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心(内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院),内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078174069465875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Trends in incidence rates of liver cancer caused by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=4qM654qa67ka3wydPLZAiw==, figureFileBig=mWYNOcq5hwMe/3olJGJf5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078174220460820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年内蒙古人群各病因所致肝癌发病率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=4qM654qa67ka3wydPLZAiw==, figureFileBig=mWYNOcq5hwMe/3olJGJf5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078174421787414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Trends in standardized incidence rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=aioyAEn4bhao/q7SEqAfoQ==, figureFileBig=s30lPCX4UBpsrNs8q7l2vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078174635696919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年内蒙古人群各病因所致肝癌标化发病率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=aioyAEn4bhao/q7SEqAfoQ==, figureFileBig=s30lPCX4UBpsrNs8q7l2vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078174761526040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Trends in mortality rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=VjTyMR7k8isLEwvyYvJJhA==, figureFileBig=dyt6lAt9KcmATkW1pG/vxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078174832829209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年内蒙古人群各病因所致肝癌死亡率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=VjTyMR7k8isLEwvyYvJJhA==, figureFileBig=dyt6lAt9KcmATkW1pG/vxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078175055127322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Trends in standardized mortality rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=RqynSq95JjixWsL+7LJtyA==, figureFileBig=QuFHdULJPRtUJ84BqUzkJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078176716071708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1990—2021年内蒙古人群各病因所致肝癌标化死亡率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=RqynSq95JjixWsL+7LJtyA==, figureFileBig=QuFHdULJPRtUJ84BqUzkJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078176841900829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Trends in the incidence rates of liver cancer caused by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19952.82(1.96~3.70)<0.001
1995—20046.99(6.55~7.44)<0.001
2004—20211.73(1.60~1.87)<0.001
HCV感染1990—19961.72(-0.10~3.57)0.064
1996—20046.79(5.27~8.33)<0.001
2004—20214.57(4.18~4.97)<0.001
酒精1990—19973.02(2.62~3.43)<0.001
1997—20058.06(7.64~8.49)<0.001
2005—20214.39(4.27~4.50)<0.001
NASH1990—19952.21(1.40~3.03)<0.001
1995—20037.54(7.03~8.05)<0.001
2003—20214.92(4.80~5.04)<0.001
其他因素1990—19951.94(0.86~3.02)<0.001
1995—20045.16(4.62~5.71)<0.001
2004—20212.18(2.01~2.35)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177143890719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌各病因发病率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19952.82(1.96~3.70)<0.001
1995—20046.99(6.55~7.44)<0.001
2004—20211.73(1.60~1.87)<0.001
HCV感染1990—19961.72(-0.10~3.57)0.064
1996—20046.79(5.27~8.33)<0.001
2004—20214.57(4.18~4.97)<0.001
酒精1990—19973.02(2.62~3.43)<0.001
1997—20058.06(7.64~8.49)<0.001
2005—20214.39(4.27~4.50)<0.001
NASH1990—19952.21(1.40~3.03)<0.001
1995—20037.54(7.03~8.05)<0.001
2003—20214.92(4.80~5.04)<0.001
其他因素1990—19951.94(0.86~3.02)<0.001
1995—20045.16(4.62~5.71)<0.001
2004—20212.18(2.01~2.35)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177223582496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trends in standardized incidence rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19960.63(-0.06~1.32)0.070
1996—20045.05(4.49~5.62)<0.001
2004—2021-1.51(-1.65~-1.37)<0.001
HCV感染1990—1998-0.43(-1.40~0.54)0.365
1998—20044.94(2.87~7.06)<0.001
2004—20210.02(-0.30~0.33)0.919
酒精1990—1996-0.05(-0.65~0.55)0.860
1996—20074.65(4.36~4.94)<0.001
2007—2021-0.02(-0.18~0.15)0.850
NASH1990—1995-0.36(-0.93~0.22)0.212
1995—20054.83(4.58~5.08)<0.001
2005—20210.73(0.63~0.83)<0.001
其他因素1990—1996-0.32(-0.99~0.36)0.340
1996—20043.59(3.04~4.14)<0.001
2004—2021-1.08(-1.22~-0.95)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177294885665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌各病因标化发病率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19960.63(-0.06~1.32)0.070
1996—20045.05(4.49~5.62)<0.001
2004—2021-1.51(-1.65~-1.37)<0.001
HCV感染1990—1998-0.43(-1.40~0.54)0.365
1998—20044.94(2.87~7.06)<0.001
2004—20210.02(-0.30~0.33)0.919
酒精1990—1996-0.05(-0.65~0.55)0.860
1996—20074.65(4.36~4.94)<0.001
2007—2021-0.02(-0.18~0.15)0.850
NASH1990—1995-0.36(-0.93~0.22)0.212
1995—20054.83(4.58~5.08)<0.001
2005—20210.73(0.63~0.83)<0.001
其他因素1990—1996-0.32(-0.99~0.36)0.340
1996—20043.59(3.04~4.14)<0.001
2004—2021-1.08(-1.22~-0.95)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177378771746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Trends in mortality rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19963.00(1.47~4.56)<0.001
1996—20047.35(6.09~8.63)<0.001
2004—20210.65(0.33~0.96)<0.001
HCV感染1990—19982.02(0.60~3.46)0.007
1998—200210.11(3.28~17.39)0.005
2002—20214.01(3.61~4.40)<0.001
酒精1990—19983.04(2.34~3.74)<0.001
1998—20049.47(7.96~10.99)<0.001
2004—20213.50(3.28~3.73)<0.001
NASH1990—19973.10(2.21~3.99)<0.001
1997—20029.55(7.32~11.81)<0.001
2002—20214.24(4.04~4.45)<0.001
其他因素1990—19972.37(1.14~3.61)<0.001
1997—20036.34(4.22~8.51)<0.001
2003—20211.42(1.13~1.72)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177580098339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌各病因死亡率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病因年份(年)年变化率
(%,95%CI)
P值
HBV感染1990—19963.00(1.47~4.56)<0.001
1996—20047.35(6.09~8.63)<0.001
2004—20210.65(0.33~0.96)<0.001
HCV感染1990—19982.02(0.60~3.46)0.007
1998—200210.11(3.28~17.39)0.005
2002—20214.01(3.61~4.40)<0.001
酒精1990—19983.04(2.34~3.74)<0.001
1998—20049.47(7.96~10.99)<0.001
2004—20213.50(3.28~3.73)<0.001
NASH1990—19973.10(2.21~3.99)<0.001
1997—20029.55(7.32~11.81)<0.001
2002—20214.24(4.04~4.45)<0.001
其他因素1990—19972.37(1.14~3.61)<0.001
1997—20036.34(4.22~8.51)<0.001
2003—20211.42(1.13~1.72)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177663984420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Trends in standardized mortality rates of liver cancer by various etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
各病因变化趋势年份(年)年变化率(%,95%CI)P值
HBV感染1990—19970.77(-0.33~1.88)0.163
1997—20045.61(4.15~7.09)<0.001
2004—2021-2.68(-2.96~-2.40)<0.001
HCV感染1990—1998-1.05(-2.18~0.09)0.069
1998—20036.13(2.67~9.71)0.001
2003—2021-0.56(-0.90~-0.23)0.002
酒精1990—1997-0.10(-0.89~0.69)0.788
1997—20055.86(5.03~6.70)<0.001
2005—2021-0.63(-0.86~-0.41)<0.001
NASH1990—1996-0.02(-1.00~0.98)0.971
1996—20045.63(4.81~6.46)<0.001
2004—20210.07(-0.13~0.28)0.468
其他原因1990—1997-0.17(-1.13~0.80)0.719
1997—20044.12(2.85~5.40)<0.001
2004—2021-2.00(-2.25~-1.75)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078177735287589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078165886378719, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1990—2021年内蒙古人群各病因所致肝癌标化死亡率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
各病因变化趋势年份(年)年变化率(%,95%CI)P值
HBV感染1990—19970.77(-0.33~1.88)0.163
1997—20045.61(4.15~7.09)<0.001
2004—2021-2.68(-2.96~-2.40)<0.001
HCV感染1990—1998-1.05(-2.18~0.09)0.069
1998—20036.13(2.67~9.71)0.001
2003—2021-0.56(-0.90~-0.23)0.002
酒精1990—1997-0.10(-0.89~0.69)0.788
1997—20055.86(5.03~6.70)<0.001
2005—2021-0.63(-0.86~-0.41)<0.001
NASH1990—1996-0.02(-1.00~0.98)0.971
1996—20045.63(4.81~6.46)<0.001
2004—20210.07(-0.13~0.28)0.468
其他原因1990—1997-0.17(-1.13~0.80)0.719
1997—20044.12(2.85~5.40)<0.001
2004—2021-2.00(-2.25~-1.75)<0.001
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1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌主要病因的疾病负担变化趋势分析
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张卿 , 乔丽颖 , 亢伟伟 , 席云峰 , 石海燕
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(3): 429-434
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (3) : 429 -434
1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌主要病因的疾病负担变化趋势分析
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张卿, 乔丽颖, 亢伟伟, 席云峰, 石海燕
作者信息
  • 内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心(内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院),内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
通讯作者:
石海燕,E-mail:
作者简介:

张卿(1993—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防控制

Changing trend of disease burden of liver cancer by major etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021
Qing ZHANG, Li-ying QIAO, Wei-wei KANG, Yun-feng XI, Hai-yan SHI
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Inner Mongolia Academy of Preventive Medicine), Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509365
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目的

分析1990—2021年内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)几种主要病因所致肝癌的疾病负担变化。

方法

收集整理2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2021,GBD2021)中国分省研究中内蒙古的数据,运用Joinpoint软件,计算乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B,HBV)感染、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C,HCV)感染、酒精、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)、其他因素导致的肝癌发病率和死亡率对应的年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

1990—2021年内蒙古人群由HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌发病率AAPC分别为3.41%、4.58%、5.01%、5.14%、2.99%(P均<0.05),各病因导致的肝癌死亡率AAPC分别为2.79%、4.26%、4.51%、4.82%、2.57%(P均<0.05)。

结论

1990—2021年,肝癌标化发病率和标化死亡率已出现下降趋势,防控效果初见成效;HBV、HCV感染仍然是目前内蒙古肝癌疾病负担严重的重要原因,后续应针对病毒感染制定更具针对性的防控策略。

肝癌  /  疾病负担  /  死亡  /  病因  /  趋势分析
Objective

To analyze the change of disease burden of liver cancer caused by several major etiologies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021(GBD2021) study for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected and analyzed. Using the Joinpoint software, the annual percent change(APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) corresponding to the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other factors were calculated.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the AAPC of liver cancer incidence rates caused by HBV, HCV, alcohol, NASH and other factors in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 3.41%, 4.58%, 5.01%, 5.14% and 2.99%, respectively (all P values <0.05). The AAPC of liver cancer mortality rates caused by these etiologies was 2.79%, 4.26%, 4.51%, 4.82%, and 2.57%, respectively (all P values <0.05).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate of liver cancer have shown a downward trend, indicating that the prevention and control efforts have achieved initial success. HBV and HCV infections remain the major causes of severe liver cancer burden in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In future, more targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed based on viral infections.

Liver cancer  /  Disease burden  /  Incidence  /  Mortality  /  Etiology  /  Trend analysis
张卿, 乔丽颖, 亢伟伟, 席云峰, 石海燕. 1990—2021年内蒙古人群肝癌主要病因的疾病负担变化趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 429 -434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509365
Qing ZHANG, Li-ying QIAO, Wei-wei KANG, Yun-feng XI, Hai-yan SHI. Changing trend of disease burden of liver cancer by major etiologies among the population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 429 -434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509365
肝癌是中国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率均在我国恶性肿瘤的前五位[1]。中国肝癌的疾病负担呈现出明显的地区差异,肝癌发病率西部地区最高,其次是中部地区,东部地区为最低[2],内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)作为我国西部重点地区之一,其人群肝癌疾病负担的变化趋势备受关注。目前缺少对内蒙古人群肝癌疾病负担长期变化趋势的研究,因此本研究拟对1990—2021年内蒙古人群几种病因所致的肝癌发病率、死亡率的变化进行分析,为深入开展肝癌防控提供重要依据。
研究数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2021,GBD2021)中国分省研究中内蒙古的数据。全因死亡率的估计是根据标准GBD数据处理程序和分析模型得到[3-4],特定病因的死亡率主要通过GBD死因综合模型CODEm进行估计[5],非致死结局的发病率主要通过贝叶斯多元回归方法DisMod-MR进行估计[6]。
疾病分类与编码:GBD数据库中肝癌包含《国际疾病分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)》编码为C22-C22.8、D13.4的疾病。
利用GBD2021中国分省疾病负担中内蒙古肝癌的数据进行分析,测量指标包括发病率和死亡率。描述1990—2021年内蒙古人群乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B,HBV)感染、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C,HCV)感染、酒精、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)及其他因素导致肝癌的疾病负担,采用GBD全球标准人口对发病率和死亡率的年龄结构进行标准化,消除人口结构对结果可比性的影响。
采用Excel 2019软件进行数据整理和分析。运用Joinpoint 5.0.2软件对标准化发病率、死亡率进行回归分析,以疾病负担指标为因变量,以年份为自变量,选择对数线性模型,计算各指标的年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC),如果APC、AAPC大于零,说明该指标随时间变化而呈上升趋势,反之呈下降趋势,检验水准α=0.05。
内蒙古人群肝癌发病率从1990年的5.73/10万上升为2021年的17.52/10万(AAPC=3.68%,P<0.05),其中1996—2004年上升最快(APC=6.86%,P<0.05)。HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌发病率从1990年的3.94/10万、0.58/10万、0.45/10万、0.25/10万、0.31/10万上升为2021年的11.06/10万、2.48/10万、2.00/10万、1.14/10万、0.79/10万,见图1;AAPC分别为3.41%(P<0.05)、4.58%(P<0.05)、5.01%(P<0.05)、5.14%(P<0.05)、2.99%(P<0.05)。见表1。
标化发病率从1990年的8.85/10万变为2021年的11.10/10万(AAPC=0.72%,P<0.05),其中1990—1996年变化无统计学意义,1996—2004年呈上升趋势(APC=4.71%,P<0.05),2004—2021年呈下降趋势(APC= -0.91%,P<0.05)。HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌标化发病率从1990年的5.72/10万、1.27/10万、0.75/10万、0.43/10万、0.46/10万上升为2021年的6.82/10万、1.71/10万、1.22/10万、0.74/10万、0.50/10万,见图2;AAPC分别为0.56%(P<0.05)、0.83%(P<0.05)、1.61%(P<0.05)、1.86%(P<0.05)、0.25%(P>0.05),各病因标化发病率的变化趋势可分为三个阶段,各阶段变化趋势见表2。
内蒙古人群肝癌死亡率从1990年的5.58/10万上升为2021年的14.87/10万(AAPC= 3.18%,P<0.05),其中1997—2004年上升最快(APC=7.41%,P<0.05)。HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌死亡率从1990年的3.83/10万、0.61/10万、0.45/10万、0.25/10万、0.31/10万上升至2021年的9.08/10万、2.33/10万、1.74/10万、1.02/10万、0.67/10万,见图3;AAPC分别为2.79%(P<0.05)、4.26%(P<0.05)、4.51%(P<0.05)、4.82%(P<0.05)和2.57%(P<0.05),见表3。
肝癌标化死亡率从1990年的9.07/10万变为2021年的9.61/10万(P>0.05),其中,1997—2004年,标化死亡率呈显著上升趋势(APC=5.30%,P<0.05),2004—2021年呈显著下降趋势(APC= -1.94%,P<0.05)。HBV感染、HCV感染、酒精、NASH、其他因素导致的肝癌标化死亡率从1990年的5.77/10万、1.44/10万、0.78/10万、0.46/10万、0.47/10万变为2021年的5.69/10万、1.68/10万、1.09/10万、0.69/10万、0.43/10万,见图4。仅酒精、NASH导致的肝癌标化死亡率变化趋势具有显著性,AAPC分别为1.13%(P<0.05)、1.46%(P<0.05),各病因所致的肝癌标化死亡率的变化趋势可分为三个阶段,各阶段变化趋势见表4。
1990—2021年,内蒙古人群肝癌总体发病率、标化发病率、死亡率的上升趋势值得关注,标化死亡率整体变化不大,趋势无统计学意义,标化发病率、标化死亡率均低于全国平均水平[1]。从全国来看,近年来肝癌的发病率、死亡率已有明显下降趋势,防控工作取得初步成效,但仍高于全球水平[7]。2004—2021年,内蒙古肝癌的标化发病率和标化死亡率的下降趋势与颜雪等人[8]对内蒙古肿瘤登记地区肝癌流行特征的研究结果相同,也与同期全国的变化趋势相同[9]。与蒙古国1990—2019年肝癌流行特征比较,内蒙古整体的肝癌疾病负担较轻,标化发病和死亡率也开始呈现出显著下降的趋势,但蒙古国的相应指标仍显著上升,这与中国针对肝癌采取了一系列措施,包括改水改粮、乙肝疫苗接种、针对献血立法等密切相关[10]。内蒙古肝癌标化发病率和标化死亡率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,2004—2021年发病率和死亡率显著上升但标化率显著下降,可能与内蒙古地区人口老龄化密切相关[11]。
1990—2021年,HBV所致肝癌的发病率、标化发病率均呈显著上升趋势,提示HBV感染在内蒙古肝癌的发病中起到重要作用。分阶段来看,1997—2004年,HBV相关肝癌的发病率及标化发病率较其他时期上升幅度均最大;而2004—2021年,尽管发病率仍呈显著上升趋势,但上升幅度明显放缓,同时期标化发病率呈现显著下降趋势。这一转变与我国乙肝防控策略的实施高度相关:2002年乙肝疫苗被纳入国家免疫规划,2005年实现免费接种[12],疫苗接种有效遏制了HBV感染的流行态势。但疫苗接种效果存在滞后性,在疫苗纳入免疫规划前出生的人群难以充分获益[9],且疫苗保护并非终身,需通过抗体滴度检测确保其有效性和持久性[13],这也是后续HBV相关肝癌防控的重点方向。
HCV导致的肝癌发病率、标化发病率均呈显著上升趋势,虽然增长幅度较HBV小,但仍需要密切关注,这一结果与内蒙古丙型肝炎发病率逐年上升有一定的关联[14],提示HCV感染是导致内蒙古肝癌疾病负担增加的重要因素。分阶段分析可见,1998—2004年,HCV所致肝癌的发病率和标化发病率呈显著上升趋势,2004—2021年,HCV相关肝癌发病率虽仍处于上升趋势,但上升幅度已明显放缓,同时标化发病率变化趋势无统计学意义,这一转变得益于我国丙肝防治综合举措的落地实施。2017年《中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017—2020年)》与2021年《消除丙型肝炎公共卫生危害行动工作方案(2021—2030年)》的相继印发,通过强化血液安全管理、防控医源性传播、干预重点人群、扩大健康宣教、加快药物审批及落实医保政策等多元手段,有效遏制了HCV感染的扩散[15]。考虑到HCV主要通过血液传播,其次为性传播和母婴传播[16],后续仍需针对性加强男性、农民等重点人群的防治知识宣教,提升其核心防控信息知晓率,引导公众主动检测并接受规范性诊疗。
酒精摄入与肝癌发生存在明确的剂量反应关系,研究证实饮酒量增加会显著提升肝癌发病风险[17]。本研究结果显示,1990—2021年酒精所致肝癌的发病率呈持续上升趋势,1997—2005年上升幅度最大,同期标化发病率也呈显著上升趋势,2005—2021年发病率上升趋势放缓,同期标化发病率变化趋势无统计学意义,提示饮酒仍然是目前内蒙古肝癌发病的重要危险因素。从全国数据来看,2015年我国成年男性居民饮酒率达64.5%,女性为23.1%,饮酒者每日平均酒精摄入量男性为30g、女性为12.3g[18];世界卫生组织测算结果显示,2016年我国人均饮酒量比全球平均水平高12.5%,且仍呈上升趋势[19]。这一背景下,持续推进健康宣教、加大控酒宣传力度,是降低酒精相关肝癌发病负担的关键举措。
NASH作为非酒精性脂肪性肝病的严重类型,其发病与高热量膳食、久坐少动的生活方式及肥胖等因素密切相关[20]。1995—2021年,NASH导致的肝癌发病率、标化发病率均呈显著上升趋势,这一变化与我国NASH相关肝癌的总体流行趋势一致[21]。这与当前公众对NASH的认知程度普遍较低相关,应加大NASH相关科普宣传力度、倡导健康生活方式,这对于延缓其相关肝癌发病负担增长具有重要意义。
除上述四类主要因素外,其他因素(如食用霉变物质、吸烟等)导致的肝癌发病负担也需引起关注。1996—2021年,此类因素所致肝癌发病率、标化发病率均显著上升,虽变化幅度小于前四类因素,但潜在风险不容忽视[22]。其中,黄曲霉毒素是明确的肝癌致癌物质,玉米、花生、小麦等谷类食品储存不当易产生该毒素,其亚型B1的毒性和致癌性最强,长期低剂量摄入会显著增加肝癌患病风险[22],这也是后续防控工作需重点关注的方向。
HBV、HCV、酒精、NASH及其他因素相关肝癌死亡率呈显著上升趋势,这主要与肝癌起病隐匿早期多无症状、肝脏超声主观性强导致早诊率和检出率低以及肝癌生长速度快、人群筛查依从性差等密切相关[23]。仅酒精和NASH标化死亡率呈显著上升趋势,另外三个因素所致肝癌的标化死亡率变化趋势无统计学意义,这可能与人口结构的变化有关[11]。1998—2002年间,HBV、HCV、酒精和其他因素导致的肝癌死亡率及标化死亡率较其他时期上升幅度均最大,而在2005—2021年,上述四种因素所致肝癌的死亡率上升幅度均明显放缓,同期标化死亡率呈显著下降趋势,这与2005年起肝癌筛查逐步纳入国家级重大公共卫生服务项目,为高危人群提供免费检查密切相关[12]。
综上,1990—2021年内蒙古肝癌的疾病负担持续增加,发病和死亡风险不断增大,HBV和HCV感染仍然是目前内蒙古肝癌疾病负担严重的重要原因,同时饮酒、NASH和其他因素导致的肝癌也需要加强重视。病毒性肝癌、酒精滥用及代谢相关脂肪性肝病是三大可控风险因素,通过针对性干预有效降低发病风险,如乙肝疫苗接种和丙肝筛查治疗、推行健康警示标签、加强肥胖和糖尿病管理;对高危人群进行血清甲胎蛋白检测联合超声检查等[24]。

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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509365
  • 接收时间:2025-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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    内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心(内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院),内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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