Article(id=1324078159909487364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753977600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614433505, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614433505, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614433505, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614433505, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=570, endPage=576, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078160190505733, articleId=1324078159909487364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China, columnId=1240375111455404044, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Talent Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the current situation and influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the training system of the doctor of public health.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was adopted in March 2025. Through the stratified cluster sampling method, 189 doctors of public health who were currently enrolled from 2021 to 2024 from 7 universities were selected as the research subjects in China. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the core competencies scores of different characteristic groups, and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

The total score of core competencies for the doctor of public health was (84.07±10.91) points. There were statistically differences in core competencies scores across public health practitioner certificates, public health working experience, mode of study, grade, guidance method of the supervisor and frequency of communication with classmates (P<0.15). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that public health practitioner certificates and the guidance method of the supervisor were factors influencing core competencies.

Conclusion

Obtaining professional qualification certification and a supervisory approach in which the supervisor participates in research projects and specifies the topic selection can enhance the core competencies of doctor of public health.There is still some room for improvement in the core competencies for the doctor of public health. Standardized and applicable training programs can be formulated to enhance the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China.

, authors=Qian HUANG1, 2, Jie PAN1, 2, Xin WANG1, Si-qi HUANG1, Ya-hao BIAN1, Li ZHAO1, 2, authorsList=Qian HUANG, Jie PAN, Xin WANG, Si-qi HUANG, Ya-hao BIAN, Li ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078160983229194, articleId=1324078159909487364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素分析, columnId=1240375111639953433, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=人才培养, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究我国公共卫生博士核心能力的现状及影响因素,为完善公共卫生博士人才的培养体系提供科学依据。

方法

2025年3月,采用横断面研究设计,通过分层整群抽样方法抽取全国7所高校2021—2024年入学的189名在读公共卫生博士为研究对象。采用t检验和单因素方差分析对不同特征组别核心能力得分进行比较,采用多元线性回归模型分析影响因素。

结果

研究对象核心能力总分为(84.07±10.91)分。是否有公共卫生执业医师资格证、是否有公共卫生从业经验、就读方式、年级、导师指导方式以及同学之间的学习交流频次在公共卫生博士核心能力得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.15)。多元线性回归分析显示,公共卫生执业医师资格证与导师指导方式是公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素。

结论

公共卫生博士获取执业资格认证,导师参与课题并指定选题的指导方式对于公共卫生博士核心能力的塑造具有关键意义。公共卫生博士核心能力仍存在一定的提升空间,我国可制定规范、适用的培训方案,从而提高公共卫生博士的核心能力。

, authors=黄倩1, 2, 潘杰1, 2, 王新1, 黄思琦1, 边雅豪1, 赵莉1, 2, authorsList=黄倩, 潘杰, 王新, 黄思琦, 边雅豪, 赵莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵莉, authorNote=

黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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赵莉,E-mail:
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黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The characteristics of the doctor of public health (DrPH) degree education and its practice in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078166087697214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, awardId=JG2024-0014, language=CN, fundingSource=2024-2026年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目(JG2024-0014), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078167769613119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, awardId=2022JDR0315, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年度四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0315), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078167899636544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, awardId=HN240405A, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240405A), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078161251664651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078161260053260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, companyId=1324078161251664651, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078161314579213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, companyId=1324078161251664651, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078161390076686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078161398465295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, companyId=1324078161390076686, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078165701821242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078159909487364, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of the core competencies for the doctor of public health [n(%),()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数(%)核心能力总分专业精神基本知识
性别男78(41.0)84.05±11.6792.68±8.5484.71±15.11
女111(59.0)84.09±10.3991.65±9.4283.73±13.45
t值-0.0240.7630.466
P值0.9810.4460.642
年龄(岁)20~29146(77.0)83.69±11.5292.23±9.4084.43±14.91
30~3936(19.0)84.65±8.7790.66±8.1683.78±11.87
≥407(7.0)89.15±6.1196.22±4.3079.83±6.03
F值0.8971.1910.365
P值0.4100.3060.695
年级博一86(46.0)83.12±12.2892.04±9.7881.57±14.76
博二57(30.0)83.08±8.9591.12±8.2885.85±11.78
博三38(20.0)88.70±8.9694.00±7.9689.01±12.47
博四4(2.0)74.53±3.4886.56±10.3965.93±11.88
其他4(2.0)84.36±15.6993.75±12.5086.89±26.22
F值2.8620.9923.989
P值0.0250.4130.004
就读方式全日制142(75.0)83.28±11.8892.61± 9.7983.90±15.47
非全日制47(25.0)86.49±6.7690.46±6.2084.87±9.05
t值-1.7591.418-0.407
P值0.0800.1580.684
是否有公共卫生执业医师资格证是76(40.0)87.24±8.2691.45±7.2587.65±10.85
否113(60.0)81.95±11.9492.50±10.1181.78±15.57
t值3.356-0.7772.85
P值0.0010.4380.005
是否有公共卫生从业经验是49(26.0)87.00±8.0291.23±6.9386.27±10.51
否140(74.0)83.05±11.6092.37±9.7083.39±15.15
t值2.203-0.7601.232
P值0.0290.4480.219
是否有海外学习交流经历是23(12.0)86.18±12.5994.89±9.8782.93±17.05
否166(88.0)83.78±10.6691.69±8.9184.30±13.73
t值0.9881.593-0.437
P值0.3240.1130.663
是否(曾)担任学生干部是128(68.0)84.28±11.1093.10±8.2583.32±14.75
否61(32.0)83.64±10.5789.94±10.3285.86±12.68
t值0.3742.265-1.156
P值0.7090.0250.249
导师职称正高166(88.0)84.53±9.7092.49±8.2884.44±13.05
副高23(12)80.75±17.2789.08±13.2881.95±20.55
F值1.5701.7000.790
P值0.1190.0900.429
导师指导方式参与课题,指定选题89(47.0)85.20±10.6293.37±8.7385.64±14.34
参与课题,不指定相关选题66(35.0)84.59±11.6791.69±9.1084.47±13.39
不参与课题,引导自主选题31(16.0)80.14±9.7689.49±9.3479.19±13.10
不引导,学生自主安排3(2.0)79.98±5.8288.75±12.6983.33±28.87
F值1.8791.6381.635
P值0.1350.1820.183
同学之间的学习交流频次每天57(30.0)80.60±12.4190.94±12.3381.68±16.63
1~2次/周65(34.0)85.24±10.0992.98±7.4084.40±13.75
3~4次/周54(29.0)86.18±9.9092.54±6.1585.99±12.20
1~2次/月13(7.0)84.71±9.1590.62±10.2085.86±11.09
F值2.9400.6700.960
P值0.0340.5730.415
特征科研能力实践能力学习能力领导能力专业素养
性别男81.95±15.3877.83±17.0684.76±14.8981.18±16.4885.25±14.51
女79.57±15.0577.93±14.5487.15±15.7683.02±15.4285.86±12.39
t值1.057-0.043-1.052-0.785-0.311
P值0.2920.9660.2940.4330.756
年龄(岁)20~2980.38±16.2476.78±16.3185.09±15.9080.97±16.8486.11±14.09
30~3980.92±11.3880.91±12.6088.55±13.5085.08±11.0782.68±9.54
≥4082.17±9.8585.50±10.1596.43±9.4594.72±5.6190.31±10.34
F值0.0591.9052.3733.2971.426
P值0.9430.1520.0960.0390.243
年级博一78.55±16.9375.73±16.8185.46±16.9282.65±16.7586.43±13.24
博二81.03±11.3877.71±14.0383.75±13.7678.94±15.5582.77±14.27
博三86.05±13.8084.71±11.9993.08±12.9085.88±14.5187.94±11.91
博四67.06±13.4670.79±14.0171.84±6.3379.84±10.7081.28±9.05
其他78.15±25.4169.00±25.8084.34±11.9689.17±10.7090.64±11.96
F值2.5232.8753.3431.3541.288
P值0.0430.0240.0110.2520.277
就读方式全日制80.05±16.8875.87±16.7284.23±16.0880.75±17.0285.71±14.36
非全日制82.09±8.4883.97±9.2592.01±11.4986.83±10.5185.29±9.35
t值-0.797-3.161-3.068-2.3090.188
P值0.4260.0020.0020.0220.851
是否有公共卫生是84.19±11.5184.24±12.4890.12±10.6785.83±12.0687.14±9.81
执业医师资格证否78.11±16.8573.61±16.0583.51±17.4679.86±17.6084.58±15.12
t值2.7454.8692.9482.5791.299
P值0.0070.0000.0040.0110.196
是否有公共卫生从业经验是83.13±10.7984.36±11.0491.32±11.4785.70±13.3087.01±10.00
否79.65±16.4075.62±16.3284.36±16.2281.05±16.5285.12±14.24
t值1.3803.4762.7681.7780.860
P值0.1690.0010.0060.0770.391
是否有海外学习交流经历是80.98±18.3381.88±12.3787.48±20.2788.32±15.1187.37±15.61
否80.49±14.7777.33±15.9385.98±14.6881.42±15.8185.37±12.95
t值0.1441.3150.4361.9710.677
P值0.8860.1900.6640.0500.499
是否(曾)担任学生干部是79.92±15.9477.11±16.6086.30±15.7283.37±16.1087.31±13.51
否81.88±13.5479.53±13.1685.88±14.8879.92±15.1682.05±12.11
t值-0.826-0.9990.1771.4042.585
P值0.4100.3190.8600.1620.010
导师职称正高81.04±14.2178.31±14.9486.81±14.1282.77±14.8686.06±11.94
副高77.04±21.0874.80±19.7481.51±22.5678.58±21.7882.38±20.57
F值1.1801.0101.5501.1901.250
P值0.2380.3130.1220.2360.214
导师指导方式参与课题,指定选题81.19±14.9479.12±14.8787.77±14.2382.52±14.6686.87±12.14
参与课题,不指定相关选题81.45±16.2978.42±16.0886.53±16.0084.60±14.9485.25±15.45
不参与课题,引导自主选题75.95±13.4673.27±16.7982.68±16.0377.44±19.5783.24±11.37
不引导,学生自主安排89.42±7.7477.32±6.8866.67±19.1973.00±22.0780.55±12.89
F值1.4291.1202.5231.8080.758
P值0.2360.3420.0590.1470.519
同学之间的学习交流频次每天76.45±18.1571.46±18.3981.79±16.0478.99±15.9683.27±14.85
1~2次/周83.30±13.5980.40±13.7587.70±15.3882.04±15.2685.81±12.99
3~4次/周81.97±13.4581.77±13.4087.94±15.1586.56±15.2286.73±11.98
1~2次/月78.95±12.8077.38±11.2290.36±10.4179.85±18.4990.22±11.87
F值2.3505.2602.3602.2901.250
P值0.0740.0020.0730.0800.292
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DrPH核心能力的单因素分析 [n(%),()]

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特征人数(%)核心能力总分专业精神基本知识
性别男78(41.0)84.05±11.6792.68±8.5484.71±15.11
女111(59.0)84.09±10.3991.65±9.4283.73±13.45
t值-0.0240.7630.466
P值0.9810.4460.642
年龄(岁)20~29146(77.0)83.69±11.5292.23±9.4084.43±14.91
30~3936(19.0)84.65±8.7790.66±8.1683.78±11.87
≥407(7.0)89.15±6.1196.22±4.3079.83±6.03
F值0.8971.1910.365
P值0.4100.3060.695
年级博一86(46.0)83.12±12.2892.04±9.7881.57±14.76
博二57(30.0)83.08±8.9591.12±8.2885.85±11.78
博三38(20.0)88.70±8.9694.00±7.9689.01±12.47
博四4(2.0)74.53±3.4886.56±10.3965.93±11.88
其他4(2.0)84.36±15.6993.75±12.5086.89±26.22
F值2.8620.9923.989
P值0.0250.4130.004
就读方式全日制142(75.0)83.28±11.8892.61± 9.7983.90±15.47
非全日制47(25.0)86.49±6.7690.46±6.2084.87±9.05
t值-1.7591.418-0.407
P值0.0800.1580.684
是否有公共卫生执业医师资格证是76(40.0)87.24±8.2691.45±7.2587.65±10.85
否113(60.0)81.95±11.9492.50±10.1181.78±15.57
t值3.356-0.7772.85
P值0.0010.4380.005
是否有公共卫生从业经验是49(26.0)87.00±8.0291.23±6.9386.27±10.51
否140(74.0)83.05±11.6092.37±9.7083.39±15.15
t值2.203-0.7601.232
P值0.0290.4480.219
是否有海外学习交流经历是23(12.0)86.18±12.5994.89±9.8782.93±17.05
否166(88.0)83.78±10.6691.69±8.9184.30±13.73
t值0.9881.593-0.437
P值0.3240.1130.663
是否(曾)担任学生干部是128(68.0)84.28±11.1093.10±8.2583.32±14.75
否61(32.0)83.64±10.5789.94±10.3285.86±12.68
t值0.3742.265-1.156
P值0.7090.0250.249
导师职称正高166(88.0)84.53±9.7092.49±8.2884.44±13.05
副高23(12)80.75±17.2789.08±13.2881.95±20.55
F值1.5701.7000.790
P值0.1190.0900.429
导师指导方式参与课题,指定选题89(47.0)85.20±10.6293.37±8.7385.64±14.34
参与课题,不指定相关选题66(35.0)84.59±11.6791.69±9.1084.47±13.39
不参与课题,引导自主选题31(16.0)80.14±9.7689.49±9.3479.19±13.10
不引导,学生自主安排3(2.0)79.98±5.8288.75±12.6983.33±28.87
F值1.8791.6381.635
P值0.1350.1820.183
同学之间的学习交流频次每天57(30.0)80.60±12.4190.94±12.3381.68±16.63
1~2次/周65(34.0)85.24±10.0992.98±7.4084.40±13.75
3~4次/周54(29.0)86.18±9.9092.54±6.1585.99±12.20
1~2次/月13(7.0)84.71±9.1590.62±10.2085.86±11.09
F值2.9400.6700.960
P值0.0340.5730.415
特征科研能力实践能力学习能力领导能力专业素养
性别男81.95±15.3877.83±17.0684.76±14.8981.18±16.4885.25±14.51
女79.57±15.0577.93±14.5487.15±15.7683.02±15.4285.86±12.39
t值1.057-0.043-1.052-0.785-0.311
P值0.2920.9660.2940.4330.756
年龄(岁)20~2980.38±16.2476.78±16.3185.09±15.9080.97±16.8486.11±14.09
30~3980.92±11.3880.91±12.6088.55±13.5085.08±11.0782.68±9.54
≥4082.17±9.8585.50±10.1596.43±9.4594.72±5.6190.31±10.34
F值0.0591.9052.3733.2971.426
P值0.9430.1520.0960.0390.243
年级博一78.55±16.9375.73±16.8185.46±16.9282.65±16.7586.43±13.24
博二81.03±11.3877.71±14.0383.75±13.7678.94±15.5582.77±14.27
博三86.05±13.8084.71±11.9993.08±12.9085.88±14.5187.94±11.91
博四67.06±13.4670.79±14.0171.84±6.3379.84±10.7081.28±9.05
其他78.15±25.4169.00±25.8084.34±11.9689.17±10.7090.64±11.96
F值2.5232.8753.3431.3541.288
P值0.0430.0240.0110.2520.277
就读方式全日制80.05±16.8875.87±16.7284.23±16.0880.75±17.0285.71±14.36
非全日制82.09±8.4883.97±9.2592.01±11.4986.83±10.5185.29±9.35
t值-0.797-3.161-3.068-2.3090.188
P值0.4260.0020.0020.0220.851
是否有公共卫生是84.19±11.5184.24±12.4890.12±10.6785.83±12.0687.14±9.81
执业医师资格证否78.11±16.8573.61±16.0583.51±17.4679.86±17.6084.58±15.12
t值2.7454.8692.9482.5791.299
P值0.0070.0000.0040.0110.196
是否有公共卫生从业经验是83.13±10.7984.36±11.0491.32±11.4785.70±13.3087.01±10.00
否79.65±16.4075.62±16.3284.36±16.2281.05±16.5285.12±14.24
t值1.3803.4762.7681.7780.860
P值0.1690.0010.0060.0770.391
是否有海外学习交流经历是80.98±18.3381.88±12.3787.48±20.2788.32±15.1187.37±15.61
否80.49±14.7777.33±15.9385.98±14.6881.42±15.8185.37±12.95
t值0.1441.3150.4361.9710.677
P值0.8860.1900.6640.0500.499
是否(曾)担任学生干部是79.92±15.9477.11±16.6086.30±15.7283.37±16.1087.31±13.51
否81.88±13.5479.53±13.1685.88±14.8879.92±15.1682.05±12.11
t值-0.826-0.9990.1771.4042.585
P值0.4100.3190.8600.1620.010
导师职称正高81.04±14.2178.31±14.9486.81±14.1282.77±14.8686.06±11.94
副高77.04±21.0874.80±19.7481.51±22.5678.58±21.7882.38±20.57
F值1.1801.0101.5501.1901.250
P值0.2380.3130.1220.2360.214
导师指导方式参与课题,指定选题81.19±14.9479.12±14.8787.77±14.2382.52±14.6686.87±12.14
参与课题,不指定相关选题81.45±16.2978.42±16.0886.53±16.0084.60±14.9485.25±15.45
不参与课题,引导自主选题75.95±13.4673.27±16.7982.68±16.0377.44±19.5783.24±11.37
不引导,学生自主安排89.42±7.7477.32±6.8866.67±19.1973.00±22.0780.55±12.89
F值1.4291.1202.5231.8080.758
P值0.2360.3420.0590.1470.519
同学之间的学习交流频次每天76.45±18.1571.46±18.3981.79±16.0478.99±15.9683.27±14.85
1~2次/周83.30±13.5980.40±13.7587.70±15.3882.04±15.2685.81±12.99
3~4次/周81.97±13.4581.77±13.4087.94±15.1586.56±15.2286.73±11.98
1~2次/月78.95±12.8077.38±11.2290.36±10.4179.85±18.4990.22±11.87
F值2.3505.2602.3602.2901.250
P值0.0740.0020.0730.0800.292
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Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the core competencies for the doctor of public health

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变量bSbB’t值P值
公共卫生执业医师资格证4.0201.7730.1812.2680.024
公共卫生从业经验1.3291.9590.0540.6780.498
同学交流频次1.1140.9070.0941.2290.221
目前就读年级0.9180.8100.0811.1340.258
导师的指导方式-2.0670.985-0.150-2.0980.037
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DrPH核心能力的影响因素回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量bSbB’t值P值
公共卫生执业医师资格证4.0201.7730.1812.2680.024
公共卫生从业经验1.3291.9590.0540.6780.498
同学交流频次1.1140.9070.0941.2290.221
目前就读年级0.9180.8100.0811.1340.258
导师的指导方式-2.0670.985-0.150-2.0980.037
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我国公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素分析
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黄倩 1, 2 , 潘杰 1, 2 , 王新 1 , 黄思琦 1 , 边雅豪 1 , 赵莉 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2026,53(3): 570-576
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现代预防医学 |人才培养 2026 , 53 (3) : 570 -576
我国公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素分析
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黄倩1, 2, 潘杰1, 2, 王新1, 黄思琦1, 边雅豪1, 赵莉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
赵莉,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

Influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China
Qian HUANG1, 2, Jie PAN1, 2, Xin WANG1, Si-qi HUANG1, Ya-hao BIAN1, Li ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508006
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目的

研究我国公共卫生博士核心能力的现状及影响因素,为完善公共卫生博士人才的培养体系提供科学依据。

方法

2025年3月,采用横断面研究设计,通过分层整群抽样方法抽取全国7所高校2021—2024年入学的189名在读公共卫生博士为研究对象。采用t检验和单因素方差分析对不同特征组别核心能力得分进行比较,采用多元线性回归模型分析影响因素。

结果

研究对象核心能力总分为(84.07±10.91)分。是否有公共卫生执业医师资格证、是否有公共卫生从业经验、就读方式、年级、导师指导方式以及同学之间的学习交流频次在公共卫生博士核心能力得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.15)。多元线性回归分析显示,公共卫生执业医师资格证与导师指导方式是公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素。

结论

公共卫生博士获取执业资格认证,导师参与课题并指定选题的指导方式对于公共卫生博士核心能力的塑造具有关键意义。公共卫生博士核心能力仍存在一定的提升空间,我国可制定规范、适用的培训方案,从而提高公共卫生博士的核心能力。

公共卫生博士  /  核心能力  /  评价指标体系  /  影响因素
Objective

To study the current situation and influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the training system of the doctor of public health.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was adopted in March 2025. Through the stratified cluster sampling method, 189 doctors of public health who were currently enrolled from 2021 to 2024 from 7 universities were selected as the research subjects in China. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the core competencies scores of different characteristic groups, and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results

The total score of core competencies for the doctor of public health was (84.07±10.91) points. There were statistically differences in core competencies scores across public health practitioner certificates, public health working experience, mode of study, grade, guidance method of the supervisor and frequency of communication with classmates (P<0.15). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that public health practitioner certificates and the guidance method of the supervisor were factors influencing core competencies.

Conclusion

Obtaining professional qualification certification and a supervisory approach in which the supervisor participates in research projects and specifies the topic selection can enhance the core competencies of doctor of public health.There is still some room for improvement in the core competencies for the doctor of public health. Standardized and applicable training programs can be formulated to enhance the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China.

Doctor of public health  /  Core competencies  /  Evaluation indicator system  /  Influencing factors
黄倩, 潘杰, 王新, 黄思琦, 边雅豪, 赵莉. 我国公共卫生博士核心能力的影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 570 -576 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508006
Qian HUANG, Jie PAN, Xin WANG, Si-qi HUANG, Ya-hao BIAN, Li ZHAO. Influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 570 -576 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508006
公共卫生博士(Doctor of Public Health, DrPH)是公共卫生领域的高层次应用型领导人才,具有重要的价值和意义[1-5]。2020年,教育部、国家卫生健康委员会联合设立的高层次应用型公共卫生人才培养创新项目,提出要“加强应用型公共卫生博士人才培养”。2022年,我国正式增列DrPH专业学位,其培养目标是公共卫生与疾病预防控制领域的高级管理或专业技术人才。
国外的DrPH的相关研究较多,主要包括DrPH培养的历史起源、培养目标、入学要求、课程设置、毕业考核等。由于我国的DrPH培养尚处于起步阶段,我国还需要深化对我国DrPH核心能力的探讨和研究[6-7]。厘清我国DrPH核心能力的影响因素,可为我国DrPH人才遴选及培养提供启迪。我国DrPH核心能力框架由专业精神、专业素养、基本知识领导能力、学习能力、科研能力、实践能力[3]构成,在前期应用德尔菲法(Delphi)构建我国DrPH核心能力评价指标体系[3]的基础上,2025年3月,以国内2021—2024年入学的在读DrPH为研究对象,研究其核心能力现状并分析影响因素,旨在为以DrPH核心能力为导向的我国DrPH人才的培训、考核、准入提供量化依据和参考。
研究者前期在国内开展DrPH招生的高校开展横断面调查,研究得到四川大学华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审查批准(No.Gwll2025048)。
样本选取采用分层整群抽样法,将全国划分为东北、华北、华东、华中、华南、西北和西南共7个大区,每个大区各随机抽取1所具有DrPH授权点的综合性大学或医学院校,将该校全部在读DrPH作为调查对象,通过“问卷星”平台以电子问卷形式分发,由各高校联系人协助组织发放与回收,并确保参与者自愿、匿名、独立作答。发放问卷200份,回收问卷189份,有效问卷189份。
因变量为在读DrPH的核心能力,采用前期通过Delphi专家咨询构建的评价量表[3]进行测量。自变量包括人口学特征(性别、年龄、年级、就读方式)、职业与经历[是否有公共卫生执业医师资格证、是否有公共卫生从业经验、是否有海外学习交流经历、是否(曾)担任学生干部]、导师与培养环境(导师职称、导师指导方式、同学之间的学习交流频次)。
(1)客观记录调查过程中的资料收集日期、调查员姓名、资料收集的数量以及存在的问题和原因等;(2)对调查员进行集体培训,内容包括指导受试者填写知情同意,如何填写调查量表,认真阅读填表说明,合格后开始进行调查;(3)调查员核实所有记录的准确性和完整性。
所有问卷数据由两名研究人员独立采用EpiData 3.1软件进行双录入,确保数据准确性,录入后进一步进行一致性校验与缺失值处理。数据清理后,导入SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。对样本的基本特征和核心能力各维度得分进行描述,采用频数、百分比、(均值±标准差)等指标;采用t检验(两组)或单因素方差分析(ANOVA,多组)对不同特征组别核心能力得分进行比较,单因素分析显著性水平设定为α=0.15,以便筛选进入多元回归的候选变量;以DrPH核心能力总分为因变量,将通过单因素分析筛选出的自变量纳入回归模型,探讨各因素对核心能力的独立影响,检验水准α=0.05。
DrPH核心能力得分总分为(84.07±10.91)分,七个维度得分由高到低分别为专业精神(92.08±9.06)分、学习能力(86.17±15.41)分、专业素养(85.61±13.27)分、基本知识(84.14±14.13)分、领导能力(82.26±15.85)分、科研能力(80.55±15.19)分、实践能力(77.89±15.58)分。见表1。
本研究考虑到单因素分析时,变量之间的相互作用和混杂因素的影响尚未得到全面考虑,一些变量可能在单因素分析中P值(P<0.05)并不显著,但在多因素分析中可能会表现出独立的预测价值,因此将P值放宽0.15以确保一些可能具有潜在影响的变量能够进入多因素分析模型。结果显示,不同年级、就读方式、是否具备公共卫生执业医师资格证、是否有公共卫生从业经验、是否(曾)担任学生干部、是否有海外学习交流经历、导师职称、导师指导方式以及同学之间的学习交流频次在核心能力总分或部分维度上存在统计学差异(P<0.15)。其中,不同年级的博士在核心能力总分、基本知识、科研能力、实践能力及学习能力方面差异具有统计学意义。不同就读方式在核心能力总分、实践能力、学习能力及领导能力方面存在差异。是否具备公共卫生执业医师资格证在核心能力总分、基本知识、科研能力、实践能力、学习能力及领导能力方面差异显著。是否有公共卫生从业经验在核心能力总分、实践能力及学习能力方面存在差异。是否(曾)担任学生干部在专业精神与专业素养方面差异具有统计学意义。同学之间的学习交流频次在核心能力总分、实践能力等方面存在组间差异。导师指导方式在学习能力与领导能力方面,以及导师职称在学习能力方面,差异具有统计学意义。此外,年龄在领导能力维度上存在组间差异,而性别在核心能力总分及各维度得分上均未观察到统计学差异。见表1。
根据单因素研究结果,将DrPH核心能力总分作为因变量,公共卫生执业医师资格证(β’=0.162,P=0.044)、公共卫生从业经验(β’=0.101,P=0.38)、就读方式(β’=0.072,P=0.531)、目前就读年级(β’=0.064,P=0.371)、导师指导方式(β’=-0.150,P=0.037)以及同学之间的学习交流频次(β’=0.108,P=0.164)作为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析。多元线性回归分析显示,公共卫生执业医师资格证与导师指导方式是DrPH核心能力的影响因素。见表2。
本研究通过单因素与多因素分析,系统梳理了影响DrPH核心能力的多重因素。考虑到实际研究中变量间的复杂交互和混杂现象,本研究在单因素分析阶段适当放宽了纳入多因素分析的P值阈值(P< 0.15),以最大程度捕捉潜在影响变量,减少遗漏重要预测因子的风险[8]。
研究结果显示,DrPH核心能力得分总分为(84.07±10.91)分,仍存在一定的提升空间。不同年龄段DrPH在核心能力总分及各项能力得分上无显著差异,但30~39岁DrPH在科研能力和专业素养方面略低,≥40岁DrPH在专业精神、基本知识、实践能力方面相对较高,可能与其丰富的职业和人生经历有关[9]。博三学生在多个维度的能力表现突出,博一、博二学生的能力较低,提示随着培养年限增加,DrPH的专业素养和核心能力有明显提升。全日制与非全日制DrPH在学习能力和领导能力上存在差异,非全日制DrPH得分更高,可能与其社会阅历和实际工作经验有关[10]。此外,拥有公共卫生执业医师资格证和相关从业经验的DrPH,在核心能力、科研能力、学习能力和专业素养等方面均得分更高,表明执业资格和实际工作经历对DrPH核心能力的提升具有积极作用[11]。曾担任学生干部的DrPH,在专业精神、专业素养和领导能力等方面也表现更佳,提示社会实践经历和组织管理经验对于提升DrPH核心能力的重要性[12]。有海外学习交流经历的DrPH在专业素养方面得分更高,说明参加海外交流经历等学术交流活动对DrPH专业素养可能存在着积极影响,学术交流为DrPH提供了接触不同学术理念和研究方法的机会,拓宽了学术视野,从而提升了专业素养,说明国际化视野和多元经历对能力培养具有积极作用[13]。在核心能力的各维度上,性别均未表现出显著差异,提示在当前培养体系和学术环境下,性别并非为影响DrPH核心能力的主要因素。此外,同学之间的高频次交流对DrPH核心能力、科研能力、学习能力和领导能力均有积极促进作用,强调了同行互助和学术社群的重要性[14]。
在多元线性回归分析中,公共卫生执业医师资格证(β=0.181,P=0.024)和导师指导方式(β=-0.150,P=0.037)成为影响DrPH核心能力的独立因素。说明获取执业资格认证在DrPH培养过程中的指导模式,对于DrPH核心能力的塑造具有关键意义。
执业资格证作为能力筛选标志[15],在学生获取执业资格证的过程中可以为其提供继续学习的动力[16],进而促进其核心能力的提高,获得公共卫生执业医师资格证的DrPH可能具备更扎实的专业基础和更高的职业认同感。专业资格认证通过标准化知识体系强化了实践能力的内化[17]。在考取公共卫生执业医师资格证时,通过专业知识的强化和实践操作的学习,不仅有助于DrPH筑牢知识基础,也促进了其科研素养的提升,从而增强了DrPH核心能力[18]。导师以“参与课题和指定选题”的方式积极指导,有效引导DrPH学习和开展科研工作,有助于激发DrPH的主动性、创新性和综合能力发展,从而提升其核心能力[19]。
综上,DrPH核心能力的提升是多因素共同作用的结果,既受个体基础(如执业资格认证、从业经验)影响,也依赖于培养过程中的指导方式和学术交流环境,我国DrPH核心能力的还需要进一步提升,可从国家、院校和学生多个方面推进。一是国家可探索政府、院校、学会及相关领域多方协同,构建公共卫生人才教育体系、教育认证模式、“DrPH+”多元化学位模式、大数据信息系统等,提升DrPH的科研、实践、学习和领导能力[20]。二是院校可鼓励获取DrPH执业资格认证,提供DrPH到国际及国内卫生行政机构见习实习研修平台,开设产教研多样化实践基地建设及实践教学,DrPH实践课程纳入研讨、讲座、实习考察,公共卫生项目设计与实施等多形式实践实习,优化导师指导模式,设置领导力课程及领导能力提升专项计划等,提升DrPH的实践能力和管理能力[21]。三是DrPH学生可强化与同学之间的专业学习交流,主研/参研科研项目,参与撰写学术性论文/标书/教材,参与学术交流活动及公共卫生事件的应急处置工作,学习健康大数据等现代信息技术,促进学习主动性和自驱力,进而全面提升自身的核心能力。
本研究也具有以下局限:一是样本来源有限,未来需扩大研究范围;二是需要引入更多影响因素进行深入探讨。
  • 2024-2026年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目(JG2024-0014)
  • 2022年度四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0315)
  • 2024年四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240405A)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508006
  • 接收时间:2025-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01
基金
2024-2026年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目(JG2024-0014)
2022年度四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0315)
2024年四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240405A)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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