Article(id=1324078141286785565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1759248000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614429065, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614429065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614429065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614429065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=385, endPage=391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078141521666590, articleId=1324078141286785565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Predictive value of TyG-obesity indices for hyperuricemia in community residents based on a random forest algorithm, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the predictive value of various TyG-obesity indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WHR, TyG-LAP, TyG-BRI, TyG-CVAI, TyG-BAI) for hyperuricemia in community residents.

Methods

Using data from the 2020 cross-sectional survey of the Southwest China Natural Population Cohort, 960 participants were included. A base model was constructed using the random forest algorithm. The predictive performance of models incorporating different TyG-obesity indices was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve, accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-score.

Results

Among the TyG-obesity indices, the models incorporating TyG-LAP and TyG-CVAI showed the best predictive performance, both with an AUC of 0.716. The TyG-LAP model had slightly higher accuracy and F1-score(0.667 and 0.543), while the TyG-CVAI model achieved the highest recall (0.807). Feature importance analysis indicated that TyG-obesity indices were the important predictors in models incorporating demographic characteristics and behavioral and lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

TyG-obesity indices, particularly TyG-LAP and TyG-CVAI, demonstrate strong predictive ability for hyperuricemia in community residents and may serve as useful tools for community screening and identification of high-risk groups.

, authors=Ji-qi YANG1, 2, Bin YU3, 1, Shi-hong WANG3, 1, Shu-juan YANG1, 2, 4, authorsList=Ji-qi YANG, Bin YU, Shi-hong WANG, Shu-juan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu-juan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078142939341355, articleId=1324078141286785565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于随机森林算法的TyG-肥胖指数对社区成年人高尿酸血症的预测, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨多种TyG-肥胖指数(TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR、TyG-LAP、TyG-BRI、TyG-CVAI、TyG-BAI)对社区居民高尿酸血症的预测价值。

方法

基于中国西南区域自然人群队列2020年横断面调查数据,纳入960名社区居民。采用随机森林算法构建基础模型,并通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积、准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值分别对不同TyG-肥胖指数在高尿酸血症预测中的性能进行评估。

结果

在纳入的TyG-肥胖指数中,TyG-LAP和TyG-CVAI模型的预测效能最佳,曲线下面积均为0.716。TyG-LAP模型在准确率和F1值上略优(0.667和0.543),而TyG-CVAI模型的召回率最高(0.807)。变量重要性分析显示,各TyG-肥胖指数在人口学特征、行为生活方式多因素的模型中均为重要的预测因子。

结论

TyG-肥胖指数对社区居民高尿酸血症具有良好的预测能力,尤其是TyG-LAP和TyG-CVAI,可作为社区筛查和高危人群识别的重要变量。

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杨济其(2002—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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杨淑娟,E-mail: ;
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注:A为基础模型,纳入年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、运动状况、DASH饮食评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况;B为纳入TyG-BMI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BMI;C为纳入TyG-WHR的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-WHR;D为纳入TyG-LAP的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-LAP;E为纳入TyG-CVAI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-CVAI;F为纳入TyG-BRI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BRI;G为纳入TyG-BAI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BAI。

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注:A为基础模型,纳入年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、运动状况、DASH饮食评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况;B为纳入TyG-BMI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BMI;C为纳入TyG-WHR的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-WHR;D为纳入TyG-LAP的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-LAP;E为纳入TyG-CVAI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-CVAI;F为纳入TyG-BRI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BRI;G为纳入TyG-BAI的模型,在基础模型上增加TyG-BAI。

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Basic characteristics of the study subjects [(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人群(n=960)正常尿酸 (n=701)高尿酸(n=259)P 值
年龄(岁)53.05±11.5053.26±11.3752.49±11.840.360
性别<0.001
男486 (50.62)311 (44.37)175 (67.57)
女474 (49.38)390 (55.63)84 (32.43)
文化程度0.341
初中及以下595 (61.98)443 (63.20)152 (58.69)
高中198 (20.62)143 (20.40)55 (21.24)
本科及以上167 (17.40)115 (16.41)52 (20.08)
婚姻状况0.184
未婚84 (8.75)67 (9.56)17 (6.56)
已婚/同居876 (91.25)634 (90.44)242 (93.44)
民族0.236
汉族865 (90.10)637 (90.87)228 (88.03)
藏族95 (9.90)64 (9.13)31 (11.97)
吸烟0.025
否715 (74.48)536 (76.46)179 (69.11)
是245 (25.52)165 (23.54)80 (30.89)
饮酒0.021
否542 (56.46)412 (58.77)130 (50.19)
是418 (43.54)289 (41.23)129 (49.81)
体力活动(METs/d)18.83±13.4518.75±13.5619.07±13.160.964
DASH饮食评分22.68±4.3722.71±4.3122.62±4.560.653
TyG-BMI34.24±19.4231.28±18.8442.26±18.71<0.001
TyG-WHR1.21±0.651.12±0.641.46±0.63<0.001
TyG-LAP82.42±155.9668.55±160.25119.94±137.13<0.001
TyG-BRI5.68±3.875.13±3.757.17±3.79<0.001
TyG-CVAI157.68±131.64137.73±127.69211.66±127.16<0.001
TyG-BAI39.31±21.0536.56±20.6046.75±20.50<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147557270107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本特征描述[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人群(n=960)正常尿酸 (n=701)高尿酸(n=259)P 值
年龄(岁)53.05±11.5053.26±11.3752.49±11.840.360
性别<0.001
男486 (50.62)311 (44.37)175 (67.57)
女474 (49.38)390 (55.63)84 (32.43)
文化程度0.341
初中及以下595 (61.98)443 (63.20)152 (58.69)
高中198 (20.62)143 (20.40)55 (21.24)
本科及以上167 (17.40)115 (16.41)52 (20.08)
婚姻状况0.184
未婚84 (8.75)67 (9.56)17 (6.56)
已婚/同居876 (91.25)634 (90.44)242 (93.44)
民族0.236
汉族865 (90.10)637 (90.87)228 (88.03)
藏族95 (9.90)64 (9.13)31 (11.97)
吸烟0.025
否715 (74.48)536 (76.46)179 (69.11)
是245 (25.52)165 (23.54)80 (30.89)
饮酒0.021
否542 (56.46)412 (58.77)130 (50.19)
是418 (43.54)289 (41.23)129 (49.81)
体力活动(METs/d)18.83±13.4518.75±13.5619.07±13.160.964
DASH饮食评分22.68±4.3722.71±4.3122.62±4.560.653
TyG-BMI34.24±19.4231.28±18.8442.26±18.71<0.001
TyG-WHR1.21±0.651.12±0.641.46±0.63<0.001
TyG-LAP82.42±155.9668.55±160.25119.94±137.13<0.001
TyG-BRI5.68±3.875.13±3.757.17±3.79<0.001
TyG-CVAI157.68±131.64137.73±127.69211.66±127.16<0.001
TyG-BAI39.31±21.0536.56±20.6046.75±20.50<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147641156188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance comparison of different models on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score

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模型准确率精确率召回率F1值
基础模型0.6110.3690.6710.477
TyG-BMI0.6280.3950.7630.520
TyG-WHR0.6080.3860.8290.527
TyG-LAP0.6670.4250.7500.543
TyG-CVAI0.6320.4010.8030.535
TyG-BRI0.6320.3860.7500.518
TyG-BAI0.6420.4060.7630.530
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147729236573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同模型下的准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值

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模型准确率精确率召回率F1值
基础模型0.6110.3690.6710.477
TyG-BMI0.6280.3950.7630.520
TyG-WHR0.6080.3860.8290.527
TyG-LAP0.6670.4250.7500.543
TyG-CVAI0.6320.4010.8030.535
TyG-BRI0.6320.3860.7500.518
TyG-BAI0.6420.4060.7630.530
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147813122654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Stability analysis of cross-validation results across different models ()

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模型准确率精确率召回率F1值AUC
基础模型0.605±0.0570.417±0.0720.690±0.1640.506±0.0800.613±0.049
TyG-BMI0.688±0.0590.499±0.0900.678±0.0940.568±0.0660.689±0.055
TyG-WHR0.673±0.0510.481±0.0750.681±0.0970.557±0.0580.681±0.052
TyG-LAP0.702±0.0530.514±0.0740.685±0.0890.583±0.0620.699±0.056
TyG-CVAI0.675±0.0600.486±0.0750.704±0.0980.569±0.0620.692±0.060
TyG-BRI0.683±0.0560.495±0.0770.635±0.0980.550±0.0590.682±0.056
TyG-BAI0.666±0.0600.478±0.0730.701±0.1090.561±0.0590.682±0.053
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147905397343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同模型下的交叉验证稳定性分析结果()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型准确率精确率召回率F1值AUC
基础模型0.605±0.0570.417±0.0720.690±0.1640.506±0.0800.613±0.049
TyG-BMI0.688±0.0590.499±0.0900.678±0.0940.568±0.0660.689±0.055
TyG-WHR0.673±0.0510.481±0.0750.681±0.0970.557±0.0580.681±0.052
TyG-LAP0.702±0.0530.514±0.0740.685±0.0890.583±0.0620.699±0.056
TyG-CVAI0.675±0.0600.486±0.0750.704±0.0980.569±0.0620.692±0.060
TyG-BRI0.683±0.0560.495±0.0770.635±0.0980.550±0.0590.682±0.056
TyG-BAI0.666±0.0600.478±0.0730.701±0.1090.561±0.0590.682±0.053
), ArticleFig(id=1324078147989283424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Assessment of overfitting risk across different models

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模型训练集AUC测试集AUCAUC差异AUC比值DeLong检验P值
基础模型0.7670.6250.1430.814<0.001
TyG-BMI0.8140.7000.1140.8600.004
TyG-WHR0.8070.7070.1000.8760.012
TyG-LAP0.8140.7160.0990.8790.014
TyG-CVAI0.8120.7160.0960.8820.014
TyG-BRI0.8030.6850.1190.8520.003
TyG-BAI0.8020.6980.1030.8710.010
), ArticleFig(id=1324078148073169505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078141286785565, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同模型下的过拟合风险评估

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模型训练集AUC测试集AUCAUC差异AUC比值DeLong检验P值
基础模型0.7670.6250.1430.814<0.001
TyG-BMI0.8140.7000.1140.8600.004
TyG-WHR0.8070.7070.1000.8760.012
TyG-LAP0.8140.7160.0990.8790.014
TyG-CVAI0.8120.7160.0960.8820.014
TyG-BRI0.8030.6850.1190.8520.003
TyG-BAI0.8020.6980.1030.8710.010
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基于随机森林算法的TyG-肥胖指数对社区成年人高尿酸血症的预测
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杨济其 1, 2 , 余彬 3, 1 , 王仕鸿 3, 1 , 杨淑娟 1, 2, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(3): 385-391
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (3) : 385 -391
基于随机森林算法的TyG-肥胖指数对社区成年人高尿酸血症的预测
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杨济其1, 2, 余彬3, 1, 王仕鸿3, 1, 杨淑娟1, 2, 4
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
  • 3.四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院
  • 4.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心,湖北 武汉 430072
通讯作者:
杨淑娟,E-mail: ;
作者简介:

杨济其(2002—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Predictive value of TyG-obesity indices for hyperuricemia in community residents based on a random forest algorithm
Ji-qi YANG1, 2, Bin YU3, 1, Shi-hong WANG3, 1, Shu-juan YANG1, 2, 4
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510007
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目的

探讨多种TyG-肥胖指数(TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR、TyG-LAP、TyG-BRI、TyG-CVAI、TyG-BAI)对社区居民高尿酸血症的预测价值。

方法

基于中国西南区域自然人群队列2020年横断面调查数据,纳入960名社区居民。采用随机森林算法构建基础模型,并通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积、准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值分别对不同TyG-肥胖指数在高尿酸血症预测中的性能进行评估。

结果

在纳入的TyG-肥胖指数中,TyG-LAP和TyG-CVAI模型的预测效能最佳,曲线下面积均为0.716。TyG-LAP模型在准确率和F1值上略优(0.667和0.543),而TyG-CVAI模型的召回率最高(0.807)。变量重要性分析显示,各TyG-肥胖指数在人口学特征、行为生活方式多因素的模型中均为重要的预测因子。

结论

TyG-肥胖指数对社区居民高尿酸血症具有良好的预测能力,尤其是TyG-LAP和TyG-CVAI,可作为社区筛查和高危人群识别的重要变量。

高尿酸血症  /  TyG-肥胖指数  /  预测模型  /  随机森林
Objective

To evaluate the predictive value of various TyG-obesity indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WHR, TyG-LAP, TyG-BRI, TyG-CVAI, TyG-BAI) for hyperuricemia in community residents.

Methods

Using data from the 2020 cross-sectional survey of the Southwest China Natural Population Cohort, 960 participants were included. A base model was constructed using the random forest algorithm. The predictive performance of models incorporating different TyG-obesity indices was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve, accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-score.

Results

Among the TyG-obesity indices, the models incorporating TyG-LAP and TyG-CVAI showed the best predictive performance, both with an AUC of 0.716. The TyG-LAP model had slightly higher accuracy and F1-score(0.667 and 0.543), while the TyG-CVAI model achieved the highest recall (0.807). Feature importance analysis indicated that TyG-obesity indices were the important predictors in models incorporating demographic characteristics and behavioral and lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

TyG-obesity indices, particularly TyG-LAP and TyG-CVAI, demonstrate strong predictive ability for hyperuricemia in community residents and may serve as useful tools for community screening and identification of high-risk groups.

Hyperuricemia  /  TyG-obesity indices  /  Prediction model  /  Random forest
杨济其, 余彬, 王仕鸿, 杨淑娟. 基于随机森林算法的TyG-肥胖指数对社区成年人高尿酸血症的预测. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 385 -391 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510007
Ji-qi YANG, Bin YU, Shi-hong WANG, Shu-juan YANG. Predictive value of TyG-obesity indices for hyperuricemia in community residents based on a random forest algorithm[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 385 -391 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510007
高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)是由嘌呤代谢紊乱、尿酸盐生产过剩和尿酸排泄不足等引起的临床症状[1],不仅是痛风的重要诱因,还与心血管疾病密切关联[2]。近年来,我国社区居民HUA的患病率稳步上升,十省(自治区)的成年居民HUA血症的患病率从2009年的11.39%增长到2023年的14.54%[3],并呈现年轻化趋势,其防控刻不容缓。
现有研究表明肥胖与HUA之间关系极为密切[4]。例如,身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰围、腰臀比和腰高比等指标的增高可增大HUA的发生风险[5]。相比以上指标,脂质蓄积指数(lipid accumulation product, LAP)、中国内脏肥胖指数(Chinese visceral adiposity index, CVAI)、身体肥胖指数(body adiposity index, BAI)、身体圆度指数(body roundness index, BRI)等肥胖指标在区分身体成分、体脂分布、量化个体体型等方面具有优势,且与HUA关系的研究较为有限。其次,从机制层面看,胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR)被认为是肥胖和高尿酸血症发生的关键机制,但直接测量复杂且成本高,不适合大样本研究。近年提出的甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数(triglyceride-glucose index, TyG)被认为是IR的替代指标,可用于HUA预测[6]。然而,现有证据或局限于特定人群,或仅考察了单一的TyG-肥胖组合,例如,有证据发现TyG-BMI指数是成年女性HUA的更有效预测因子[7],无法广泛代表我国社区居民情况,也缺乏系统性地评估多种TyG-肥胖指数对HUA的预测价值。因此,本研究拟在社区居民中系统评估多种TyG-肥胖指数对HUA的预测性,并为我国社区居民HUA的预防与干预策略制定提供参考。
本研究依托中国西南区域自然人群队列研究(the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort, CMEC)2020年随访调查的横断面数据[8],纳入1 049名成年参与者(含老年人),并排除符合以下任一条件者:(1)关键血液生化指标(如尿酸)缺失;(2)关键人体测量数据缺失;(3)确诊高血压。共计排除89人,最终960名参与者纳入研究分析。所有的研究对象在调查前均签署了知情同意,该项目获得了四川大学医学伦理委员会的审批(K2016038)。
研究包含源于问卷调查、体格检查、血生化检查的多项指标。问卷调查由经过培训的调查员开展,内容涵盖:(1)社会人口学特征,包括性别、年龄、民族、教育水平、婚姻状况等;(2)行为生活方式,包括吸烟状况,饮酒状况,DASH(dietary approaches to stop hypertension)饮食评分和体力活动水平。其中,吸烟定义为截至调查之日累积吸烟超过100支;既往吸烟定义为戒烟超过至少半年以上。经常饮酒定义为过去一年中基本每周至少喝酒一次;偶尔饮酒定义为一年当中仅在特定几个月里或特殊场合饮酒,或每月都饮酒但频度不到每周一次;DASH饮食评分由食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire, FFQ)进行调查,并依据国际DASH评分方式计算得出[9]。体力活动采用国际体力活动问卷[10]由代谢当量值(metabolic equivalent,MET)进行评估,该值代表特定活动状态下每小时每千克体重消耗的能量与静坐时消耗的能量的比率,并通过对职业、通勤、家务和闲暇等四种类型的体力活动的强度和持续时间加权计算得到。
体格检查指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围。由受过专业培训的操作员根据标准操作流程,使用卷尺和校准的电子身高体重仪器进行测量。要求调查者持续保持空腹状态超过8 h,在脱去鞋子和外套的情况下进行测量,身高测量值精确至0.1 cm,体重测量值精确至 0.1 kg,重复测量3次后取平均值作为最终数值。
血生化指标包括测定总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、甘油三酯及尿酸等。调查者在隔夜空腹至少8 h后,由专业医务人员使用真空采血管和采血针采集静脉血,并在指定实验室开展一系列的生化检验测试。
参考由多学科专家联合HUA与痛风病友会制定的《高尿酸血症/痛风患者实践指南》诊断标准[11],将男性尿酸水平>420 μmol/L、女性尿酸水平>360 μmol/L定义为HUA组。未被上述标准诊断的研究对象为非HUA组。
TyG指数通过ln[TG(mg/dl)×FBG(mg/dl)/2]计算[12];本研究纳入的多种TyG-肥胖指数及其计算公式为:TyG-BMI=TyG×BMI;TyG-WHR=TyG×WHR;TyG-LAP=TyG×LAP;TyG-BRI=TyG×BRI;TyG-CVAI=TyG×CVAI;TyG-BAI=TyG×BAI;其中,FBG为空腹血糖,WHR为腰臀比。
针对两组人群,采用Student t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验或χ2检验分析两组间在社会人口学特征、生活方式、肥胖指标以及生理和生化指标等方面的差异,对于连续变量,采用平均数和标准差或中位数和四分位数区间进行描述;对于分类变量,则使用频率和百分比进行刻画。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
构建基于随机森林的预测模型,按照7∶3的比例划分训练集与验证集,使用R包ROSE进行欠采样以处理数据不平衡,R包mlr3等对超参数mtry(决策树分支时随机抽样的变量个数,调优范围1~10)、min.node.size(决策树终止生长的最小节点样本数,调优范围1~20)、depth(每棵决策树的最大深度,调优范围5~30)、sample.fraction(样本抽样比例,调优范围0.3~1)进行随机搜索调优。以调优后的mtry、min.node.size、depth、sample.fraction使用R包ranger训练最终的随机森林模型,ntree(构建的决策树数目)固定为1 000,随机种子设置为999。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值来评估模型的预测效能。采用5折10次交叉验证。采用DeLong检验比较训练集与测试集AUC的差异。
调查对象的年龄为(53.05±11.50)岁;其中男性占50.62%,初中以下学历者占61.98%,已婚/同居者占91.25%,汉族占90.10%,不吸烟者占74.48%,不饮酒者占56.46%,体力活动为(18.83±13.45) METs/d,DASH饮食评分为(22.68±4.37)。性别、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR、TyG-LAP、TyG-BRI、TyG-CVAI、TyG-BAI在HUA组与正常尿酸组间差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。见表1。
将是否患有HUA作为结局构建其预测模型,按照7∶3的比例划分训练集与验证集,将年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、运动状况、DASH饮食评分纳入建立随机森林预测基础模型。在此基础上,分别纳入不同TyG-肥胖指数构建进一步的预测模型比较预测性能。由图1可知,与基础模型相比,加入不同TyG-肥胖指数时,AUC值均有提升。其中AUC最大值为纳入TyG-LAP的模型和纳入TyG-CVAI的模型,其值均为0.716。由表2可知,纳入TyG-LAP的模型准确率(0.667)、精确率(0.425)、F1值(0.543)略高,而纳入TyG-CVAI的模型召回率(0.803)更高。在图2中各TyG-肥胖指数重要性最高,其次为年龄、性别。
进一步模型进行交叉验证,结果发现不同模型下的各指标标准差基本较小,结果相对稳健,见表3。对模型过拟合风险评估显示,不同模型的训练集与测试集AUC差异在0.1左右,DeLong检验显示各模型训练集与测试集AUC差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05),提示存在过拟合风险,见表4。
本研究基于随机森林算法,构建了多个纳入不同TyG-肥胖指数的HUA预测模型。而纳入TyG与BMI、腰臀比、LAP、BRI、CVAI、BAI结合后联合指标的模型,相较于基础模型,在精确率、准确率、召回率、F1值和AUC值均有不同程度的提升,对HUA具有更强的预测能力。变量重要性分析进一步佐证了TyG-肥胖指数对HUA预测的核心地位。在所有构建的模型中,各类TyG-肥胖指数均被识别为对HUA最重要的预测变量,其贡献度远高于年龄、性别等传统风险因素。这清晰地表明,将反映IR的TyG指数与反映体脂分布和肥胖程度的指标相结合,能够捕捉到更丰富的病理信息,从而显著提升模型对HUA的预测能力。
通过比较各模型的预测效能,结果显示纳入TyG-LAP指数和纳入TyG-CVAI指数的模型对HUA预测效能最佳,其AUC均达到0.716,这很可能源于其独特的生物学基础。例如,LAP指数结合了反映中心性肥胖的腰围与反映脂质代谢的甘油三酯,能更敏感地指示内脏脂肪分布[13]。CVAI作为基于中国人群开发的指标,其公式综合了年龄、BMI、腰围等参数,能更精准地评估中国人的内脏脂肪水平[14]。HUA的发生与发展,与内脏脂肪堆积所导致的胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症状态及尿酸排泄减少密切相关。因此,TyG指数与LAP/CVAI的结合,实现了对代谢异常和脂肪分布异常两大核心病因的同步捕获,从而产生了协同预测效果。具体分析TyG-LAP模型和TyG-CVAI模型性能指标可以发现,TyG-LAP模型在准确率(0.667)和F1值(0.543)上略胜一筹,表明该模型在整体判断正确性和综合性能上更为均衡,或更适合用于社区初步风险分级。而TyG-CVAI模型则展现了最高的召回率(0.803),提示其在识别HUA患者方面漏诊的可能性更低,在针对高危人群(如代谢综合征患者)的筛查中可能更具价值,尚待进一步研究。
使用TyG指数预测HUA的合理性已有文献证实[15],但其关联机制尚未完全阐明。已有研究提出IR与HUA之间的机制。IR通过升高血清尿酸水平、减少肾脏尿酸排泄和导致肾脏损害等多种途径引起HUA[16]。在IR引起的急性高胰岛素血症期间,尿酸排泄的调节中负责分泌和重吸收的转运蛋白表达可能会改变,增强尿酸盐的重吸收,从而提高血清尿酸水平[17-18]。IR后继发的代偿性高胰岛素血症通过肾小管重吸收钠导致尿酸排泄减少;同时,高胰岛素血症激活肾素-血管紧张素系统,导致肾血流量减少,尿酸盐重吸收增加,并刺激黄嘌呤氧化酶的产生,进而增加尿酸产生[19]。TyG指数基于空腹血糖和甘油三酯计算,其另一潜在机制可能涉及血糖与血脂水平[20]。高血糖和高脂血症会降低甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性,从而增加尿酸的合成[21]。此外,甘油三酯可因长期血脂异常导致肾小动脉变窄或阻塞,最终导致尿酸盐排泄障碍[22]。在预测非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者HUA时,TyG-BMI指数比单独的TyG指数有更高的预测准确性[23]。在中国女性群体中也发现了TyG-BMI、TyG-WC和TyG-WHtR与TyG指数相比有更高的HUA风险关联[24]。同样还有研究认可将TyG指数与BMI、腰臂比、腰围等肥胖标志物结合可以增强对HUA的预测价值[25]。还有研究发现BMI、腰围和HC这三个肥胖指标在TyG指数与HUA的关系中存在部分中介作用,这些研究进一步强化了将TyG指数与肥胖指标结合用于预测HUA的合理性与应用价值[26]。
本研究使用随机森林算法构建预测模型,其优势在于能够自动处理多种预测变量间的复杂非线性关系和交互作用,而这正是传统logistic回归等方法的局限所在。变量重要性排序即是该算法优势的一个体现,它量化了每个变量对模型预测结果的贡献度,为我们揭示了TyG-肥胖指数的核心作用。这种方法不仅提升了预测精度,也增强了模型的可解释性,为揭示HUA的复杂病因结构提供了新的数据驱动视角。
本研究存在若干局限性。首先,横断面设计无法推断TyG-肥胖指数与HUA的因果关系,因而无法确认这些指标是疾病的诱因、结果抑或是伴随标志物,这限制了对潜在机制的直接阐释及其在个体化前瞻性风险预测中的应用。其次,尽管引入TyG-肥胖指数后模型性能显著提升,但其AUC最高为0.716,仅处于中等预测水平,表明仍有未知的强预测因子未被纳入,模型的临床转化效能尚需进一步提高。最后,研究对象均来源于中国西南地区的单一队列,可能存在选择偏倚,且其结果在外部人群,特别是不同地域、种族人群中的普适性有待进一步验证。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3604702)
  • 国家自然科学基金(723B2017)
  • 四川省卫生信息中心科研项目(H231227)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510007
  • 接收时间:2025-10-01
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-01
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3604702)
国家自然科学基金(723B2017)
四川省卫生信息中心科研项目(H231227)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
    3.四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院
    4.武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心,湖北 武汉 430072

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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