Article(id=1324078111561744770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756742400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614421978, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614421978, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614421978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614421978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=453, endPage=459, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078111821791619, articleId=1324078111561744770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Food contamination status and risk assessment of foods around schools in Nanjing from 2020 to 2024, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of foods in and around schools in Nanjing and to assess the health risks of different contaminants, so as to provide scientific evidence for ensuring school food safety and strengthening supervision.

Methods

From 2020 to 2024, 458 samples of foods from in and around campuses, covering four categories, were collected and tested, based on the occurrence of additives and acrylamide in diverse food. Health-based guidance values and benchmark doses were used to construct a risk-ranking matrix that incorporated contaminant toxicity characteristics and population food consumption patterns to evaluate health risks.

Results

The results of the analysis showed that the overall exceeding standard rate of pollutants for food in and around the campuses in Nanjing was 4.59%. The issue of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives in puffed food was serious particularly, with the exceeding standard rate of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives reaching an alarming 10.6% and 4.3%, respectively, and the exceeding standard rates of sorbic acid and sodium cyclamate in prepared beverages were both 1.59%.

Conclusion

Risk ranking results indicated that aluminum-containing additives and acrylamide in puffed foods, as well as sodium cyclamate in freshly prepared beverages, posed elevated health risks. Particular attention should be paid to health risks in puffed foods and prepared beverages especially among populations with high and frequent consumption of these foods. The findings provide a scientific foundation for identifying potential hazards and regulatory priority of food safety in food around schools.

, authors=Yan-li WANG1, Liang WANG2, Deng-kun LI1, Lin CHEN1, Zi-tong CHEN1, Bao-fu GUO1, authorsList=Yan-li WANG, Liang WANG, Deng-kun LI, Lin CHEN, Zi-tong CHEN, Bao-fu GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bao-fu GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078114145436040, articleId=1324078111561744770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2020—2024年南京市校园周边食品污染状况及风险分析, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解南京市校园及周边食品污染状况,评估食品中不同污染物的健康风险,为保障校园食品安全、加强监管提供科学依据。

方法

2020—2024年在全市范围内采集四类458份校园及周边食品并开展相应检测,分析各类食品中添加剂和丙烯酰胺等分布状况,依据不同污染物相应健康指导值或基准剂量,构建包含污染物毒性特征和人群食物消费特征的风险分级矩阵,评价食品中不同污染物暴露的健康风险。

结果

南京市校园及周边各类食品污染物总体超标率为4.59%,校园周边膨化食品中丙烯酰胺和含铝添加剂超标现象显著,其中丙烯酰胺和含铝添加剂超标率分别高达10.6%和4.3%,现制饮料中山梨酸和甜蜜素超标率均为1.59%。

结论

校园食品污染物风险分级结果显示膨化食品中含铝添加剂、丙烯酰胺以及现制饮料中甜蜜素的健康风险较高。对于膨化食品和现制饮料等高消费量人群引起的健康风险应予以重视,为校园周边食品安全潜在危害识别及优先管理提供参考依据。

, authors=王艳莉1, 王亮2, 李登坤1, 陈林1, 陈子彤1, 郭宝福1, authorsList=王艳莉, 王亮, 李登坤, 陈林, 陈子彤, 郭宝福, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭宝福, authorNote=

王艳莉(1983—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:营养与食品安全

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郭宝福,E-mail:
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Suggestions on risk monitoring plan of the safety of children's snacks based on the risk prediction of current safety status in Beijing area[J]. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2015, 27(2):175-179. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Suggestions on risk monitoring plan of the safety of children's snacks based on the risk prediction of current safety status in Beijing area, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078124320817640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=18, pageStart=3322, pageEnd=3325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王艳莉, 李成国, 郭宝福, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王艳莉,李成国,郭宝福,等.南京市居民膳食中甜蜜素暴露的风险评估[J].现代预防医学,2020,47(18):3322-3325., articleTitle=南京市居民膳食中甜蜜素暴露的风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078124408898025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=18, pageStart=3322, pageEnd=3325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang YL, Li CG, Guo BF, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YL, Li CG, Guo BF, et al. Risk assessment of saccharin exposure in the dietary intake of Nanjing residents[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(18): 3322-3325. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Risk assessment of saccharin exposure in the dietary intake of Nanjing residents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078124484395498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=7, pageStart=1105, pageEnd=1117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Wang YL, Li CG, Li DK, journalName=Food Additives & Contaminants. Part a,Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YL, Li CG, Li DK, et al. Estimated assessment of dietary exposure to artificial sweeteners from processed food in Nanjing, China[J]. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part a,Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2021, 38(7): 1105-1117., articleTitle=Estimated assessment of dietary exposure to artificial sweeteners from processed food in Nanjing, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078124555698667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=15, pageStart=1900, pageEnd=1902, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=冯哲伟, 王峥, 杨海斌, journalName=中国卫生检验杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯哲伟,王峥,杨海斌,等.杭州市下城区市售食品中含铝添加剂监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2021,31(15):1900-1902., articleTitle=杭州市下城区市售食品中含铝添加剂监测结果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078124643779052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=15, pageStart=1900, pageEnd=1902, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Feng ZW, Wang Z, Yang HB, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng ZW, Wang Z, Yang HB, et al. Analysis of monitoring results of Aluminum additives in food sold in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou City[J].Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2021, 31(15): 1900-1902. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of monitoring results of Aluminum additives in food sold in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou City, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078119270875584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, awardId=NQJ2406, language=CN, fundingSource=南京医科大学南京公共卫生研究院强基项目(NQJ2406), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078114413871497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078114426454410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, companyId=1324078114413871497, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078114439037323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, companyId=1324078114413871497, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078114535506316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078114543894925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, companyId=1324078114535506316, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京市江北新区公共卫生服务中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078118012584372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Framework of risk ranking for contaminants in food, figureFileSmall=YDOOAYvyJK+ia85aO7KfXQ==, figureFileBig=hxFzALXW1P8vGsc81yVVxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078118096470453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=图1, caption=食品污染物风险分级框架, figureFileSmall=YDOOAYvyJK+ia85aO7KfXQ==, figureFileBig=hxFzALXW1P8vGsc81yVVxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078118331351478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Risk matrix of food consumption, figureFileSmall=sETGa7k8GlfzCRH+gm2eEg==, figureFileBig=L1O7YjrDzC9jKNLrS9lH4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078118423626167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=图2, caption=消费量赋分风险矩阵, figureFileSmall=sETGa7k8GlfzCRH+gm2eEg==, figureFileBig=L1O7YjrDzC9jKNLrS9lH4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078118587204024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scoring criterions for toxicity adjusted content and exceeding standard rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分毒性校正含量超标率(%)
1<0.5<1
1.5≥0.5~1≥1~2
2≥1~2≥2~3
2.5≥2~5≥3~5
3≥5~10≥5~10
3.5≥10~15≥10~15
4≥15~20≥15~20
4.5≥20~25-
5≥25~30-
), ArticleFig(id=1324078118654312889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

毒性校正含量及超标率赋分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评分毒性校正含量超标率(%)
1<0.5<1
1.5≥0.5~1≥1~2
2≥1~2≥2~3
2.5≥2~5≥3~5
3≥5~10≥5~10
3.5≥10~15≥10~15
4≥15~20≥15~20
4.5≥20~25-
5≥25~30-
), ArticleFig(id=1324078118734004666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Health guide value or benchmark does of the contaminants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
污染物健康效应健康指导值/基准剂量换算后[每日mg/(kg·BW)]参考文献
丙烯酰胺神经、生殖和遗传毒性,2A类致癌每日0.17 mg/kg0.17*[4]
苯甲酸皮肤刺激、神经毒性、肾毒性每日0~5 mg/(kg·BW)5[5]
山梨酸细胞毒性每日0~25 mg/(kg·BW)25[6]
阿斯巴甜安全性较高每日0~40 mg/(kg·BW)40[7]
甜蜜素胃肠道反应每日0~11 mg/(kg·BW)11[8]
安赛蜜安全性较高每日0~15 mg/(kg·BW)15[9]
苋菜红眼睛、皮肤和呼吸道刺激每日0~0.5 mg/kg0.5[10]
胭脂红细胞毒性、遗传毒性每日 0~4 mg/(kg·BW)4[11]
亮蓝细胞毒性、遗传毒性每日 0~6 mg/(kg·BW)6[12]
柠檬黄过敏、腹泻和细胞毒性每日 0~7.5 mg/(kg·BW)7.5[13]
日落黄皮肤和呼吸道刺激,细胞毒性每日 0~4 mg/(kg·BW)4[13]
含铝添加剂神经、骨骼、肝肾毒性和免疫损伤每周 2 mg/(kg·BW)0.286[14]
), ArticleFig(id=1324078118817890747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同污染物的健康指导值或基准剂量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
污染物健康效应健康指导值/基准剂量换算后[每日mg/(kg·BW)]参考文献
丙烯酰胺神经、生殖和遗传毒性,2A类致癌每日0.17 mg/kg0.17*[4]
苯甲酸皮肤刺激、神经毒性、肾毒性每日0~5 mg/(kg·BW)5[5]
山梨酸细胞毒性每日0~25 mg/(kg·BW)25[6]
阿斯巴甜安全性较高每日0~40 mg/(kg·BW)40[7]
甜蜜素胃肠道反应每日0~11 mg/(kg·BW)11[8]
安赛蜜安全性较高每日0~15 mg/(kg·BW)15[9]
苋菜红眼睛、皮肤和呼吸道刺激每日0~0.5 mg/kg0.5[10]
胭脂红细胞毒性、遗传毒性每日 0~4 mg/(kg·BW)4[11]
亮蓝细胞毒性、遗传毒性每日 0~6 mg/(kg·BW)6[12]
柠檬黄过敏、腹泻和细胞毒性每日 0~7.5 mg/(kg·BW)7.5[13]
日落黄皮肤和呼吸道刺激,细胞毒性每日 0~4 mg/(kg·BW)4[13]
含铝添加剂神经、骨骼、肝肾毒性和免疫损伤每周 2 mg/(kg·BW)0.286[14]
), ArticleFig(id=1324078118901776828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Monitoring results of pollutants in food around schools in Nanjing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品类别检测项目样品数(份)检出值范围(g/kg)检出率(%)超标率(%)限量值(g/kg)
含乳饮料阿斯巴甜1130.018 3~0.109 038.100.600
甜蜜素1130.016 0~0.595 012.40.880.650
安赛蜜1130.079 0~0.190 046.900.300
苯甲酸1130.026 0~0.239 09.701.000
山梨酸1130.112 0~0.254 017.701.000
现制饮料阿斯巴甜1890.006 0~0.070 32.600.600
甜蜜素1890.019 3~0.839 04.21.590.650
安赛蜜1890.008 0~0.319 015.31.060.300
亮蓝1890.016 00.500.020
柠檬黄1890.006 0~0.022 35.800.100
日落黄1890.007 0~0.022 63.700.100
苋菜红1890.002 7~0.006 11.100.050
胭脂红1890.003 6~0.007 81.600.050
苯甲酸1890.007 0~0.168 06.301.000
山梨酸1890.006 0~0.538 025.41.590.500
冷冻饮品阿斯巴甜620.001 1~0.212 911.301.000
甜蜜素620.039 6~0.737 022.61.610.650
安赛蜜620000.300
柠檬黄620.001 9~0.006 733.900.050
日落黄620.001 9~0.002 515.400.090
苋菜红620.001 9~0.007 46.500.025
胭脂红620.000 9~0.001 66.500.050
亮蓝620.000 6~0.011 411.300.025
苯甲酸620.007 0~0.019 94.801.000
山梨酸620.018 5~0.306 024.200.500
膨化食品丙烯酰胺940.014 0~2.730 094.710.60.750*
含铝添加剂940.750 0~30.500 057.54.30.020*
), ArticleFig(id=1324078118977274301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

南京市校园食品中污染物监测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品类别检测项目样品数(份)检出值范围(g/kg)检出率(%)超标率(%)限量值(g/kg)
含乳饮料阿斯巴甜1130.018 3~0.109 038.100.600
甜蜜素1130.016 0~0.595 012.40.880.650
安赛蜜1130.079 0~0.190 046.900.300
苯甲酸1130.026 0~0.239 09.701.000
山梨酸1130.112 0~0.254 017.701.000
现制饮料阿斯巴甜1890.006 0~0.070 32.600.600
甜蜜素1890.019 3~0.839 04.21.590.650
安赛蜜1890.008 0~0.319 015.31.060.300
亮蓝1890.016 00.500.020
柠檬黄1890.006 0~0.022 35.800.100
日落黄1890.007 0~0.022 63.700.100
苋菜红1890.002 7~0.006 11.100.050
胭脂红1890.003 6~0.007 81.600.050
苯甲酸1890.007 0~0.168 06.301.000
山梨酸1890.006 0~0.538 025.41.590.500
冷冻饮品阿斯巴甜620.001 1~0.212 911.301.000
甜蜜素620.039 6~0.737 022.61.610.650
安赛蜜620000.300
柠檬黄620.001 9~0.006 733.900.050
日落黄620.001 9~0.002 515.400.090
苋菜红620.001 9~0.007 46.500.025
胭脂红620.000 9~0.001 66.500.050
亮蓝620.000 6~0.011 411.300.025
苯甲酸620.007 0~0.019 94.801.000
山梨酸620.018 5~0.306 024.200.500
膨化食品丙烯酰胺940.014 0~2.730 094.710.60.750*
含铝添加剂940.750 0~30.500 057.54.30.020*
), ArticleFig(id=1324078119056966078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Risk ranking of food-hazard combinations in food around schools in Nanjing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品-污染物组合毒性校正含量毒性校正含量评分超标率评分消费量评分健康风险评分风险排序
膨化食品-含铝添加剂20.34.52.53.033.81
现制饮料-甜蜜素7.53.01.55.022.52
膨化食品-丙烯酰胺1.42.03.53.021.03
含乳饮料-甜蜜素6.53.01.05.015.04
现制饮料-安赛蜜1.82.01.55.015.04
现制饮料-山梨酸1.12.01.55.015.04
冷冻饮品-甜蜜素4.92.51.54.015.04
含乳饮料-苯甲酸2.82.51.05.012.55
现制饮料-苯甲酸2.42.51.05.012.55
含乳饮料-安赛蜜1.32.01.05.010.06
含乳饮料-山梨酸1.42.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-柠檬黄1.12.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-日落黄2.02.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-胭脂红1.22.01.05.010.06
冷冻饮品-苯甲酸1.32.01.04.08.07
冷冻饮品-山梨酸1.32.01.04.08.07
含乳饮料-阿斯巴甜0.61.51.05.07.58
现制饮料-苋菜红0.71.51.05.07.58
冷冻饮品-苋菜红1.01.51.04.06.09
现制饮料-阿斯巴甜0.11.01.05.05.010
现制饮料-亮蓝0.11.01.05.05.010
冷冻饮品-阿斯巴甜0.31.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-安赛蜜0.01.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-柠檬黄0.41.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-日落黄0.41.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-胭脂红0.21.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-亮蓝0.11.01.04.04.011
), ArticleFig(id=1324078119140852159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078111561744770, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

南京市校园食品污染物健康风险排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品-污染物组合毒性校正含量毒性校正含量评分超标率评分消费量评分健康风险评分风险排序
膨化食品-含铝添加剂20.34.52.53.033.81
现制饮料-甜蜜素7.53.01.55.022.52
膨化食品-丙烯酰胺1.42.03.53.021.03
含乳饮料-甜蜜素6.53.01.05.015.04
现制饮料-安赛蜜1.82.01.55.015.04
现制饮料-山梨酸1.12.01.55.015.04
冷冻饮品-甜蜜素4.92.51.54.015.04
含乳饮料-苯甲酸2.82.51.05.012.55
现制饮料-苯甲酸2.42.51.05.012.55
含乳饮料-安赛蜜1.32.01.05.010.06
含乳饮料-山梨酸1.42.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-柠檬黄1.12.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-日落黄2.02.01.05.010.06
现制饮料-胭脂红1.22.01.05.010.06
冷冻饮品-苯甲酸1.32.01.04.08.07
冷冻饮品-山梨酸1.32.01.04.08.07
含乳饮料-阿斯巴甜0.61.51.05.07.58
现制饮料-苋菜红0.71.51.05.07.58
冷冻饮品-苋菜红1.01.51.04.06.09
现制饮料-阿斯巴甜0.11.01.05.05.010
现制饮料-亮蓝0.11.01.05.05.010
冷冻饮品-阿斯巴甜0.31.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-安赛蜜0.01.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-柠檬黄0.41.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-日落黄0.41.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-胭脂红0.21.01.04.04.011
冷冻饮品-亮蓝0.11.01.04.04.011
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2020—2024年南京市校园周边食品污染状况及风险分析
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王艳莉 1 , 王亮 2 , 李登坤 1 , 陈林 1 , 陈子彤 1 , 郭宝福 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2026,53(3): 453-459
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2026 , 53 (3) : 453 -459
2020—2024年南京市校园周边食品污染状况及风险分析
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王艳莉1, 王亮2, 李登坤1, 陈林1, 陈子彤1, 郭宝福1
作者信息
  • 1.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003
  • 2.南京市江北新区公共卫生服务中心
通讯作者:
郭宝福,E-mail:
作者简介:

王艳莉(1983—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:营养与食品安全

Food contamination status and risk assessment of foods around schools in Nanjing from 2020 to 2024
Yan-li WANG1, Liang WANG2, Deng-kun LI1, Lin CHEN1, Zi-tong CHEN1, Bao-fu GUO1
Affiliations
  • Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509011
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目的

了解南京市校园及周边食品污染状况,评估食品中不同污染物的健康风险,为保障校园食品安全、加强监管提供科学依据。

方法

2020—2024年在全市范围内采集四类458份校园及周边食品并开展相应检测,分析各类食品中添加剂和丙烯酰胺等分布状况,依据不同污染物相应健康指导值或基准剂量,构建包含污染物毒性特征和人群食物消费特征的风险分级矩阵,评价食品中不同污染物暴露的健康风险。

结果

南京市校园及周边各类食品污染物总体超标率为4.59%,校园周边膨化食品中丙烯酰胺和含铝添加剂超标现象显著,其中丙烯酰胺和含铝添加剂超标率分别高达10.6%和4.3%,现制饮料中山梨酸和甜蜜素超标率均为1.59%。

结论

校园食品污染物风险分级结果显示膨化食品中含铝添加剂、丙烯酰胺以及现制饮料中甜蜜素的健康风险较高。对于膨化食品和现制饮料等高消费量人群引起的健康风险应予以重视,为校园周边食品安全潜在危害识别及优先管理提供参考依据。

校园周边食品  /  食品添加剂  /  丙烯酰胺  /  风险分级
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of foods in and around schools in Nanjing and to assess the health risks of different contaminants, so as to provide scientific evidence for ensuring school food safety and strengthening supervision.

Methods

From 2020 to 2024, 458 samples of foods from in and around campuses, covering four categories, were collected and tested, based on the occurrence of additives and acrylamide in diverse food. Health-based guidance values and benchmark doses were used to construct a risk-ranking matrix that incorporated contaminant toxicity characteristics and population food consumption patterns to evaluate health risks.

Results

The results of the analysis showed that the overall exceeding standard rate of pollutants for food in and around the campuses in Nanjing was 4.59%. The issue of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives in puffed food was serious particularly, with the exceeding standard rate of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives reaching an alarming 10.6% and 4.3%, respectively, and the exceeding standard rates of sorbic acid and sodium cyclamate in prepared beverages were both 1.59%.

Conclusion

Risk ranking results indicated that aluminum-containing additives and acrylamide in puffed foods, as well as sodium cyclamate in freshly prepared beverages, posed elevated health risks. Particular attention should be paid to health risks in puffed foods and prepared beverages especially among populations with high and frequent consumption of these foods. The findings provide a scientific foundation for identifying potential hazards and regulatory priority of food safety in food around schools.

Food available around schools  /  Food additives  /  Acrylamide  /  Risk ranking
王艳莉, 王亮, 李登坤, 陈林, 陈子彤, 郭宝福. 2020—2024年南京市校园周边食品污染状况及风险分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 453 -459 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509011
Yan-li WANG, Liang WANG, Deng-kun LI, Lin CHEN, Zi-tong CHEN, Bao-fu GUO. Food contamination status and risk assessment of foods around schools in Nanjing from 2020 to 2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 453 -459 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509011
校园及周边食品(简称校园食品)安全问题历来受到广泛的社会关注,针对学校的食品安全问题,各级政府监管部门相应出台了许多措施保障校园食品安全,然而对许多学生而言,校园周边食品仍是难以抗拒的“美食”,尽管各种零食的生产趋向于机械化、标准化,但仍有不少企业为谋取私利在生产工艺、原材料、添加辅料等环节缩减成本,暴露出诸多食品安全隐患。为深入了解南京市校园食品污染物现状及存在的食品安全隐患,于2020—2024年对全市大中小学的学校食堂和校园周边的食品开展专项监测,基于各类校园食品风险监测结果,构建食品-危害因素风险分级矩阵[1-2],实现不同食品-危害因素的全面分析和快速风险评价,为校园食品安全潜在危害识别及有效管理提供参考依据和合理化建议,切实保障学生群体身体健康。
按照2020—2024年《南京市校园食品专项监测方案》,选择南京市10个区作为监测点,每区随机抽取2所小学、1所普通中学和1所中等职业学校,另外选择5所高等院校,共计45所学校作为监测点学校。选取学校周边主要面向学生群体的零售商店、超市、饮品店和学校食堂作为采样点,采集包括膨化食品、冷冻饮品、含乳饮料及现制饮料等四类共计458份校园及周边食品。
人群消费量数据来源于2012—2014年南京市居民营养与健康状况监测,参照《中国居民营养与健康状况监测工作手册》,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对南京市城区6岁以上居民进行问卷调查,采用3 d 24 h 膳食回顾调查和食物频率调查表(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)相结合的方式询问调查对象各种食物的消费状况,选取所有调查对象中年龄在6~24岁之间的学生群体,根据人群的消费模式和消费习惯,对摄入量特别少的食物进行合并,得到不同食物的消费频率及消费量。
重点监测的污染物种类包括各类食品添加剂(苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、柠檬黄、日落黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、亮蓝和含铝添加剂)及食品加工过程污染物(丙烯酰胺)等。
按照2020—2024年《南京市校园食品专项监测方案》中规定的检测方法开展检测:苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠按照GB5009.28—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的测定》进行检测;阿斯巴甜按照GB5009.263—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中阿斯巴甜和阿力甜的测定》进行检测;甜蜜素按照GB5009.97—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠盐的测定》进行检测;安赛蜜按照GB5009.140—2023《食品安全国家标准食品中乙酰磺胺酸钾的测定》进行检测;着色剂按照GB5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成色素的测定》进行检测;含铝添加剂按照GB5009.182—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中铝的测定》进行检测;丙烯酰胺按照GB5009.204—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中丙烯酰胺的测定》进行检测。
我国现行食品添加剂使用标准中尚未对现制饮料中食品添加剂的使用量做出相应规定,本研究参照GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂的使用标准》及国家卫生计生委《关于调整含铝食品添加剂使用规定的公告》(2014年第8号)对膨化食品、现制饮料、冷冻饮品及含乳饮料中防腐剂、甜味剂、着色剂和含铝添加剂等结果进行评价。《关于调整含铝食品添加剂使用规定的公告》中规定膨化食品生产中不得使用含铝食品添加剂,考虑食品中可能存在天然铝本底含量(一般≤20 mg/kg),国家食品安全风险评估中心规定若膨化食品中含铝添加剂含量超过20 mg/kg需进行复检,即可能存在人为添加的可能[3],因此本文将膨化食品中含铝添加剂超过20 mg/kg的样品判定为超标样品。
欧盟对食品中丙烯酰胺含量限定范围大多在300~850 μg/kg[4]区间,其中大多数谷类早餐的基准水平设定为300 μg/kg,饼干和曲奇为350 μg/kg,薯片为750 μg/kg。本研究参照薯片中丙烯酰胺含量限值0.75 mg/kg对膨化食品中丙烯酰胺含量进行评价。
根据风险评估原理,人体食品污染物膳食暴露的健康风险与该食品中污染物含量、污染物毒性特征及人体食物摄入量等因素相关,仅通过食品中污染物含量大小并不能真实反映其对人体健康的风险。因此,本研究基于校园食品污染物监测结果,参考周萍萍[1]、马宁等[2]建立的风险分级模型方法,科学设置各段界值和最适权重,选取毒性校正含量、食品中污染物超标率、食物消费量评分构建风险分级矩阵,得到不同食品-污染物暴露对人体危害的健康风险评分,食品污染物风险分级框架见图1。
毒性校正含量是食品中某污染物的某一含量水平下,摄入食物数量可达到该污染物的人体健康指导值或基准剂量,包括食品污染水平(平均含量)和污染物毒性特征(健康指导值或基准剂量)两方面内容,毒性校正含量越高,说明安全食用量越低。毒性校正含量赋分设为5分9段,可实现各段数据较好分离,见表1。食品中不同污染物的健康指导值或基准剂量及换算后的结果见表2。
超标率评分赋分设为4分7段,最高分设为4分、对应超标率≥15%,其他区段为≥10%~15%赋3.5分、≥5%~10%赋3分、≥3%~5%赋2.5分、≥2%~3%赋2分、≥1%~2%赋1.5分和<1%赋1分。对于未作限量规定的食品参照相关食品限量值,毒性校正含量赋分设定及超标率指标赋分标准见表1。
食物消费特征包括消费人群P90消费量和人群食物消费比例(%)两方面内容,分别反映人群食物高消费量水平和食用人群规模,消费人群P90消费量是消费人群中各类食品的P90 消费量(以g/(kg·BW)计),分为5级;消费人群比例即消费某一类食品人数占调查总人数的比例,分为4级。通过消费量赋分风险矩阵[2]获得食物消费量综合评分,消费量赋分风险矩阵见图2。
根据世界卫生组织提出的“食品中低水平污染物可信评价”原则,当未检出数据的比例低于60%时,所有未检出数据用1/2检测限替代;当未检出数据的比例高于60%时,所有未检出数据用检测限替代,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。
2020—2024年共采集含乳饮料、现制饮料、冷冻饮品和膨化食品等样品458份,获得有效检测数据3 263项次,21份样品超过相应的限量标准,样品总体超标率为4.59%。其中膨化食品中丙烯酰胺和含铝添加剂检出率均较高,膨化食品丙烯酰胺超标率高达10.6%,丙烯酰胺最高检出值为2.73 mg/kg;含乳饮料中安赛蜜和阿斯巴甜检出率均较高,1份含乳饮料甜蜜素超过限量值;现制饮料中分别有3份样品山梨酸和甜蜜素均超过限量值,现制饮料中甜蜜素检出值高达0.839 g/kg,另有2份现制饮料安赛蜜超标;冷冻饮品中柠檬黄、山梨酸和甜蜜素检出率均较高,1份冷冻饮品甜蜜素超过限量值。各类校园食品中不同食品污染物监测情况见表3。
根据建立的校园食品-污染物风险分级模型,得到不同食品-污染物组合的健康风险评分,27种食品-污染物组合中,毒性校正含量较高的污染物为膨化食品中的含铝添加剂以及现制饮料中甜蜜素和含乳饮料甜蜜素,分别为20.3、7.5、6.5。
各类校园食品中健康风险评分排名靠前的食品-污染物组合分别是膨化食品-含铝添加剂、现制饮料-甜蜜素和膨化食品-丙烯酰胺,分别为33.8、22.5、21.0,冷冻饮品中食品添加剂污染的健康风险评分相对较低。见表4。
开展校园食品专项监测具有重要的现实意义,能够及时发现校园食品安全隐患,敦促食品生产加工企业改进,形成“政府监管、企业自律、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障”的整体格局[15],进而创建更加和谐稳定、健康发展的食品安全市场和环境。
校园周边食品监测结果显示,现制饮料中甜味剂、防腐剂及着色剂的使用呈现普遍性特征,与常炯炯等[16]关于市售饮品添加剂分布的研究结果相符。本研究现制饮料中山梨酸检出率为25.4%,低于山东[17]市售现制饮料的29.4%及无锡[18]校园周边现制饮料的30.6%,其中分别有三份样品山梨酸和甜蜜素超出GB2760—2024中饮料限量标准。鉴于现制饮料市场规模增长迅速,但相关的法律法规和监管体系尚未完善,如现制饮料外包装上缺乏各类食品添加剂种类及使用量等相关标识,且缺乏食品安全追溯管理机制,因此对现制饮料亟须建立一套完善的卫生管理体系,增加现制饮料中各类食品添加剂使用的透明度,推广快速检测技术与区块链溯源系统的整合应用,从而实现从原料到成品的全链条监控尤为必要。
油炸和焙烤的淀粉类食品在高温下发生美拉德反应时往往产生大量丙烯酰胺,丙烯酰胺主要损伤中枢神经系统,且可能具有一定的遗传毒性和生殖毒性[7]。本研究膨化食品中丙烯酰胺最高含量为2.73 mg/kg,低于周宇等[19]研究中油炸及烘烤食品中丙烯酰胺含量(3.21mg/kg)的报道,但本文膨化食品中丙烯酰胺检出率高达94.7%,明显高于上海[20]市售油炸焙烤类食品中丙烯酰胺检出率(42.14%),其研究显示3~17岁人群食用各类油炸及焙烤类食品摄入丙烯酰胺的健康风险偏高[20],因此政府部门应当持续加强重点食品中丙烯酰胺的风险监测,尽快制定安全可行的食品安全标准来降低食品中丙烯酰胺的污染水平。
本研究中各类校园食品健康风险评分排名靠前的食品-污染物组合分别是膨化食品-含铝添加剂(33.8)、现制饮料-甜蜜素 (22.5)和膨化食品-丙烯酰胺(21.0)。风险分级结果与李佳洁等[21]对北京地区儿童零食中含铝添加剂及甜蜜素为高危害因子结果类似,对饮料等摄入量较高的人群甜蜜素暴露引起的健康风险与使用常规评估方法得到的结果一致[22-23]。膨化食品中铝制剂可在消费量较高的儿童体内蓄积,造成免疫功能抑制及神经传导受阻,引起大脑损伤,本研究校园周边膨化食品中含铝添加剂超标率为4.3%,略低于杭州市下城区[24]市售膨化食品中含铝添加剂5%的超标率,考虑到对儿童等高消费量群体的健康影响,亟需将校园周边食品中含铝添加剂作为食品安全监管的重点指标。
目前关于校园相关的食品污染物的风险分析多采用传统的风险评估方法,未见应用分级方法对校园及周边食品中不同污染物的健康风险进行排序,本研究基于2020—2024年南京市校园及周边食品的监测结果,采用客观数据作为分级指标,通过引入超标率指标,降低主观因素的影响,对校园及周边各类食品中污染物的健康风险进行快速排序,实现了风险管理的综合评价需求。需要注意的是,由于2020—2023年疫情影响,监测的校园及周边食品样本种类及样本量有限,同时本文使用的消费状况数据来源于2012—2014年南京市城乡居民营养与健康状况调查数据,随着时间的推移,人们的饮食习惯和消费模式可能已经发生了变化,且校园食品消费人群性别、年龄等存在一定的不确定性,因此本研究分析得到的校园周边各类食品的健康风险存在一定的不确定性。
需要注意的是,风险分析中排序靠前的食品-污染物组合,反映的是相应食品污染物和消费水平下可能对相应的人群造成健康危害的相对风险较高,对于此类食品中相应的污染物应当优先关注。相关部门应当高效利用食品安全风险监测体系,重点防控各类食品中需优先关注的危害因素,做到早发现、早预防、早整顿、早解决,有效降低食品安全事件发生的可能性,更好地保障居民的健康权益。
  • 南京医科大学南京公共卫生研究院强基项目(NQJ2406)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509011
  • 接收时间:2025-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02
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南京医科大学南京公共卫生研究院强基项目(NQJ2406)
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    1.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003
    2.南京市江北新区公共卫生服务中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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