Article(id=1324078097582129435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507179, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752249600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614418644, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614418644, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614418644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614418644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=460, endPage=465, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078097812816156, articleId=1324078097582129435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between weight status and atherogenic index of plasma in adolescents from Liangshan Prefecture: a cohort study, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aims to investigate the association between weight status and the atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) among adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture, with the goal of providing evidence for the prevention of atherosclerosis in this population.

Methods

In October 2021, a sample of middle school students from three schools in Liangshan Prefecture was selected. Follow-up survey was conducted in March 2023. General demographic characteristics were collected via structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference(WC), were obtained. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure serum triglycerides(TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The associations between baseline body mass index(BMI) and WC with follow-up atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were assessed using a linear regression model incorporating restricted cubic splines (RCS). A mediation analysis model was employed to evaluate the potential mediating role of baseline AIP in the relationship between baseline BMI (or WC) and follow-up AIP.Furthermore, the association between baseline weight and WC categories and changes in AIP from baseline to follow-up was examined using logistic regression.

Results

The median baseline age of the 1 023 participants was 14.0 years, with 43.7% being male. The RCS curve indicated that baseline BMI was linearly associated with follow-up AIP (Pgeneral<0.001, Pnonlinearity=0.108). In contrast, baseline WC exhibited a nonlinear association with follow-up AIP (Pgeneral<0.001, Pnonlinearity=0.002). Mediation analysis revealed that baseline AIP fully mediated the association between baseline BMI (or WC) and follow-up AIP (BMI: Pdirect=0.06,Pindirect<0.001; WC: Pdirect=0.13, Pindirect<0.001). Compared with adolescents with normal BMI, those who were overweight or obese at baseline had significantly higher odds of persistent elevated AIP levels (OR=3.570, P<0.001). Similar findings were observed when WC was used as the indicator of weight status (OR=3.388, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Both elevated BMI and increased WC in adolescents are associated with an increased short-term risk of high AIP. Preventive strategies targeting middle school students should be implemented to mitigate the early onset of atherosclerosis.

, authors=Chun-yi LI1, Tao GUAN2, Bao-feng CHEN3, Hui FAN4, authorsList=Chun-yi LI, Tao GUAN, Bao-feng CHEN, Hui FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bao-feng CHEN, Hui FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078100153237794, articleId=1324078097582129435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数关系的队列研究, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在探明凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)的关系,为预防青少年动脉粥样硬化的发生提供依据。

方法

2021年10月选取凉山州3所中学的学生进行调查,2023年3月开展随访。通过问卷收集了一般人口学特征,测量学生的身高、体重和腰围,并采集空腹状态下的血液用于测定血清中的甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)等指标。使用线性模型结合限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline, RCS)评估基线体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰围与随访AIP的关系。使用中介效应模型探索基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP关系中的中介效应。使用logistic回归模型分析了基线时体重和腰围状态与基线到随访AIP的关系。

结果

1 023名中学生基线中位数年龄为14.0岁,男性占43.7%。RCS曲线显示,基线BMI与随访AIP呈线性关联(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性=0.108);基线腰围与随访AIP呈非线性关联(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性= 0.002)。经中介效应模型分析,基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP的关系中起完全中介作用(BMI:P直接=0.06,P间接<0.001;腰围:P直接= 0.13,P间接<0.001)。相对于基线BMI正常的青少年,基线超重肥胖的青少年更容易出现持续高AIP(OR=3.570, P<0.001);当使用腰围定义体重状态时,得到类似的结果(OR=3.388, P<0.001)。

结论

在短期内,青少年高BMI或高腰围均会增加高AIP的发生风险。应针对中学生采取相关措施,以防止动脉粥样硬化的启动。

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李春义( 2001-),男,硕士在读,研究方向:生命全程心血管流行病学

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陈保锋,E-mail:
范晖,E-mail:
陈保锋与范晖为共同通信作者
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Obesity Surgery, 2025, 35(2): 514-524., articleTitle=The effect of metabolic bariatric surgery on cardiovascular risks: a prospective study measuring antibodies to apolipoprotein A-1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078111016485249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=641, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Dağ H, İncirkuş F, Dikker O, journalName=Children-Basel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dağ H, İncirkuş F, Dikker O. Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)and its association with fatty liver in obese adolescents[J]. 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The basic characteristics of the research subjects at baseline (n=1 023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)
性别
男性447 (43.7)
女性576 (56.3)
运动不足358 (35.0)
民族
汉族370 (36.2)
彝族627 (61.3)
其他民族26 (2.5)
学校
学校A327 (32.0)
学校B322 (31.5)
学校C374 (36.5)
摄入含糖饮料641 (62.7)
最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间 (h)8.33 (7.86, 8.81)
收缩压(mm Hg)108 (100.33, 115.33)
舒张压 (mm Hg)63.33 (57.33, 69.33)
腰围 (cm)65.70 (62.20, 70.50)
年龄 (岁)14.00 (13.00, 16.00)
空腹甘油三酯 (mmol/L)0.86 (0.66, 1.12)
空腹HDL-C (mmol/L)1.28 (1.11, 1.48)
超重肥胖200 (19.6)
血压偏高219 (21.4)
BMI (kg/m2)20.05 (18.37, 21.94)
AIP-0.18 (-0.32, -0.03)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078104599200076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基线基本特征 (n=1 023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(%)
性别
男性447 (43.7)
女性576 (56.3)
运动不足358 (35.0)
民族
汉族370 (36.2)
彝族627 (61.3)
其他民族26 (2.5)
学校
学校A327 (32.0)
学校B322 (31.5)
学校C374 (36.5)
摄入含糖饮料641 (62.7)
最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间 (h)8.33 (7.86, 8.81)
收缩压(mm Hg)108 (100.33, 115.33)
舒张压 (mm Hg)63.33 (57.33, 69.33)
腰围 (cm)65.70 (62.20, 70.50)
年龄 (岁)14.00 (13.00, 16.00)
空腹甘油三酯 (mmol/L)0.86 (0.66, 1.12)
空腹HDL-C (mmol/L)1.28 (1.11, 1.48)
超重肥胖200 (19.6)
血压偏高219 (21.4)
BMI (kg/m2)20.05 (18.37, 21.94)
AIP-0.18 (-0.32, -0.03)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078104754389325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The mediating role of baseline AIP in the association between baseline BMI (baseline WC) and follow-up AIP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效应估计值a95%CIP值
基线BMI(暴露因素)-基线AIP(中介变量)-随访AIP(结局变量)
模型1:基线BMI-基线AIP0.0150.012~0.019<0.001
模型2:基线BMI-随访AIP0.0030.000~0.0070.049
模型2:基线AIP-随访AIP0.4790.427~0.530<0.001
总效应0.0110.006~0.016<0.001
直接效应0.003-0.000~0.0100.060
间接效应0.0070.005~0.010<0.001
中介百分比(%)63.6
基线腰围(暴露因素)-基线AIP(中介变量)-随访AIP(结局变量)
模型1:基线腰围-基线AIP0.0070.006~0.009<0.001
模型2:基线腰围-随访AIP0.001-0.000~0.0030.132
模型2:基线AIP-随访AIP0.4810.430~0.532<0.001
总效应0.0050.003~0.007<0.001
直接效应0.001-0.000~0.0030.130
间接效应0.0040.003~0.005<0.001
中介百分比(%)80.0
), ArticleFig(id=1324078104892801358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP关系中基线AIP的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效应估计值a95%CIP值
基线BMI(暴露因素)-基线AIP(中介变量)-随访AIP(结局变量)
模型1:基线BMI-基线AIP0.0150.012~0.019<0.001
模型2:基线BMI-随访AIP0.0030.000~0.0070.049
模型2:基线AIP-随访AIP0.4790.427~0.530<0.001
总效应0.0110.006~0.016<0.001
直接效应0.003-0.000~0.0100.060
间接效应0.0070.005~0.010<0.001
中介百分比(%)63.6
基线腰围(暴露因素)-基线AIP(中介变量)-随访AIP(结局变量)
模型1:基线腰围-基线AIP0.0070.006~0.009<0.001
模型2:基线腰围-随访AIP0.001-0.000~0.0030.132
模型2:基线AIP-随访AIP0.4810.430~0.532<0.001
总效应0.0050.003~0.007<0.001
直接效应0.001-0.000~0.0030.130
间接效应0.0040.003~0.005<0.001
中介百分比(%)80.0
), ArticleFig(id=1324078105006047567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The relationship between baseline body weight and WC status and AIP from baseline to follow-up [OR(95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基线+随访均正常AIP vs. 基线+
随访均高AIP
基线+随访均正常AIP vs.
基线高AIP+随访正常AIP
基线+随访均正常AIP vs.
基线正常AIP+随访高AIP
BMI
基线正常体重RefRefRef
基线超重肥胖
腰围
3.570 (2.286~5.576)***2.481 (1.572~3.915)***1.691(1.030~2.776)*
基线正常腰围RefRefRef
基线高腰围3.388 (2.198~5.222)***2.357 (1.522~3.651)***1.214 (0.744~1.982)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078105148653904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078097582129435, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基线体重和腰围状态与基线到随访AIP的关系研究[OR(95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基线+随访均正常AIP vs. 基线+
随访均高AIP
基线+随访均正常AIP vs.
基线高AIP+随访正常AIP
基线+随访均正常AIP vs.
基线正常AIP+随访高AIP
BMI
基线正常体重RefRefRef
基线超重肥胖
腰围
3.570 (2.286~5.576)***2.481 (1.572~3.915)***1.691(1.030~2.776)*
基线正常腰围RefRefRef
基线高腰围3.388 (2.198~5.222)***2.357 (1.522~3.651)***1.214 (0.744~1.982)
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凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数关系的队列研究
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李春义 1 , 关陶 2 , 陈保锋 3 , 范晖 4
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(3): 460-465
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (3) : 460 -465
凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数关系的队列研究
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李春义1, 关陶2, 陈保锋3 , 范晖4
作者信息
  • 1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637000
  • 2.凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测所
  • 3.川北医学院基础医学与法医学院,四川 南充 637000
  • 4.川北医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,四川 南充 637000
通讯作者:
陈保锋,E-mail:
范晖,E-mail:
陈保锋与范晖为共同通信作者
作者简介:

李春义( 2001-),男,硕士在读,研究方向:生命全程心血管流行病学

Association between weight status and atherogenic index of plasma in adolescents from Liangshan Prefecture: a cohort study
Chun-yi LI1, Tao GUAN2, Bao-feng CHEN3 , Hui FAN4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507179
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目的

本研究旨在探明凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)的关系,为预防青少年动脉粥样硬化的发生提供依据。

方法

2021年10月选取凉山州3所中学的学生进行调查,2023年3月开展随访。通过问卷收集了一般人口学特征,测量学生的身高、体重和腰围,并采集空腹状态下的血液用于测定血清中的甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)等指标。使用线性模型结合限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline, RCS)评估基线体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰围与随访AIP的关系。使用中介效应模型探索基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP关系中的中介效应。使用logistic回归模型分析了基线时体重和腰围状态与基线到随访AIP的关系。

结果

1 023名中学生基线中位数年龄为14.0岁,男性占43.7%。RCS曲线显示,基线BMI与随访AIP呈线性关联(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性=0.108);基线腰围与随访AIP呈非线性关联(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性= 0.002)。经中介效应模型分析,基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP的关系中起完全中介作用(BMI:P直接=0.06,P间接<0.001;腰围:P直接= 0.13,P间接<0.001)。相对于基线BMI正常的青少年,基线超重肥胖的青少年更容易出现持续高AIP(OR=3.570, P<0.001);当使用腰围定义体重状态时,得到类似的结果(OR=3.388, P<0.001)。

结论

在短期内,青少年高BMI或高腰围均会增加高AIP的发生风险。应针对中学生采取相关措施,以防止动脉粥样硬化的启动。

超重肥胖  /  动脉粥样硬化指数  /  青少年
Objective

This study aims to investigate the association between weight status and the atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) among adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture, with the goal of providing evidence for the prevention of atherosclerosis in this population.

Methods

In October 2021, a sample of middle school students from three schools in Liangshan Prefecture was selected. Follow-up survey was conducted in March 2023. General demographic characteristics were collected via structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference(WC), were obtained. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure serum triglycerides(TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The associations between baseline body mass index(BMI) and WC with follow-up atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were assessed using a linear regression model incorporating restricted cubic splines (RCS). A mediation analysis model was employed to evaluate the potential mediating role of baseline AIP in the relationship between baseline BMI (or WC) and follow-up AIP.Furthermore, the association between baseline weight and WC categories and changes in AIP from baseline to follow-up was examined using logistic regression.

Results

The median baseline age of the 1 023 participants was 14.0 years, with 43.7% being male. The RCS curve indicated that baseline BMI was linearly associated with follow-up AIP (Pgeneral<0.001, Pnonlinearity=0.108). In contrast, baseline WC exhibited a nonlinear association with follow-up AIP (Pgeneral<0.001, Pnonlinearity=0.002). Mediation analysis revealed that baseline AIP fully mediated the association between baseline BMI (or WC) and follow-up AIP (BMI: Pdirect=0.06,Pindirect<0.001; WC: Pdirect=0.13, Pindirect<0.001). Compared with adolescents with normal BMI, those who were overweight or obese at baseline had significantly higher odds of persistent elevated AIP levels (OR=3.570, P<0.001). Similar findings were observed when WC was used as the indicator of weight status (OR=3.388, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Both elevated BMI and increased WC in adolescents are associated with an increased short-term risk of high AIP. Preventive strategies targeting middle school students should be implemented to mitigate the early onset of atherosclerosis.

Overweight and obesity  /  Atherogenic index of plasma  /  Adolescent
李春义, 关陶, 陈保锋, 范晖. 凉山州青少年体重状态与动脉粥样硬化指数关系的队列研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 460 -465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507179
Chun-yi LI, Tao GUAN, Bao-feng CHEN, Hui FAN. Association between weight status and atherogenic index of plasma in adolescents from Liangshan Prefecture: a cohort study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 460 -465 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507179
心血管疾病是全球最常见的死亡原因之一。每年,全球平均约有1 790万人死于心血管疾病[1]。近年来,研究发现,动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病的病理生理基础,其可始于生命早期,并隐匿的贯穿整个生命历程[2-4]。目前颈-股动脉脉搏传导波速度一直被认为是无创评估动脉粥样硬化的金标准,但其操作需要一定的技巧[5];而动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma, AIP)不仅可量化血脂异常的协同危害,还被认为是一种有效、低成本、快速、特异性的筛查指标[6],被广泛推荐为反映动脉粥样硬化的生物标志物[7-11]。此外,目前的研究显示,AIP是心血管疾病和全因死亡的有力预测因子[12]。
1990—2021年全球儿童青少年仅肥胖患病率就翻了两倍。目前,我国青少年的生活方式发生了巨大的改变,青少年超重肥胖预计到2050年均呈现逐年上升的趋势[13-14]。以往研究表明成人中超重肥胖与AIP存在联系[15-17]。一项针对美国成年人群的干预试验进一步表明,体重下降会导致血浆中甘油三酯下降和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)上升[18]。另一项国内为期四周的运动试验结果显示,通过减肥后AIP明显下降[19]。目前,针对青少年群体关于超重肥胖与AIP关系的研究尚属空白。因此,本研究通过队列研究的方式,分析青少年基线体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰围与随访AIP的关系,为在青少年期控制动脉粥样硬化的发生提供证据。
本研究是一项多中心前瞻性队列研究。首先,在2021年10月,通过方便抽样方法从四川省凉山彝族自治州城市、农村及彝族聚集区选择三所中学(A校、B校和C校),每所学校均包含初中和高中。然后,在选定的学校中,采用整群随机抽样法,因初三学生面临升学不便于后续随访,本研究从初一、初二、高一年级各随机抽取三个班级,共九个班级参与调查。包含身高、体重、腰围、血脂等指标的1 097名学生作为研究对象。2023年3月开展随访[20]。因转校等原因最终1 023名学生顺利随访并纳入本研究。本研究获得川北医学院伦理审查委员会批准(伦理审批号:202150),所有参与者及其监护人均签署知情同意书[20]。
使用经过校准的仪器,以及由受过培训的专业人员测量调查对象脱鞋时的身高和着轻便衣物时的体重,BMI=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m2)。并按照《学生健康检查技术规范标准》测量青少年腰围[21]。待参与者静坐休息10 min后,使用欧姆龙HBP-1320电子血压计连续三次对儿童右臂肱动脉处的收缩压(systolic blood pressure)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure)进行测量,取平均值用于分析[22]。禁食12 h后,于清晨从肘前静脉采集血液,使用过氧化物酶方法测量甘油三酯浓度,使用直接法测量HDL-C的浓度。根据公式AIP=log[甘油三酯(mmol/L)/HDL-C(mmol/L)]计算AIP。
使用“学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查”卫生标准来评估儿童青少年的体重状态,若BMI≥中国儿童超重肥胖行业标准中性别、年龄别的相应超重切点,则儿童属于超重肥胖儿童[23]。使用“中国儿童血压参照标准”评估儿童的血压状态,若儿童血压≥相应的中国儿童血压参照标准中性别、年龄别、身高别第90百分位血压值或120/80 mm Hg,则儿童为血压偏高[24]。使用“中国儿童和青少年腰围参考标准”,高腰围指腰围≥年龄别和性别别的第75百分位值(P75)[25]。按照以往的文献,使用四分位数法来评估青少年AIP状态,若青少年AIP≥P75属于高AIP,<P75则为正常AIP[9]。
通过研究团队自拟问卷收集一般人口学信息,包括性别、年龄等,问卷还包括最近半年每周含糖饮料摄入频率、最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间、每天中等及以上强度运动时间等。随访时间定义为随访调查时间与基线调查时间之差。其中每天中等及以上强度运动(如快走、跑步、跳绳、游泳和球类等增加心跳和呼吸的运动)<60 min为运动不足[26],每周含糖饮料摄入频率≥3次为摄入含糖饮料。
采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验数据的正态分布。符合非正态分布的计量资料使用中位数和四分位数[M(P25,P75)]来进行统计描述、分类变量用人数和百分比(%)来进行统计描述。调整基线性别、年龄、民族、血压偏高、运动不足、摄入含糖饮料、最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间和随访时间后,使用线性模型结合限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS),分别探索基线BMI和随访AIP、基线腰围和随访AIP的剂量-反应关系。调整了基线性别、年龄、民族、血压偏高、运动不足、摄入含糖饮料、最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间和随访时间后,使用中介效应模型进一步探索在基线BMI(基线腰围)和随访AIP的关联中,基线AIP的中介效应。该中介效应模型由两个线性模型组成,其中一个模型分析基线BMI(基线腰围)和中介因子基线AIP的关系;另外一个模型分析基线BMI(基线腰围)、中介因子基线AIP和结局变量随访AIP的关系。最后,根据基线到随访的AIP状态,将研究人群分为四组:基线和随访AIP均正常组、基线高AIP随访AIP正常组、基线AIP正常随访高AIP组。调整上述协变量后使用多分类logistic模型分析基线体重状态与AIP持续性变化的关系。本研究采用R 4.5.0软件进行分析。检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查纳入分析的学生共1 023名,男生447人(43.7%),女生576人(56.3%)。基线时研究对象的中位数年龄为14.0岁,其中超重肥胖率为19.6%。见表1。
模型均控制基线变量(性别、民族、年龄、血压偏高、摄入含糖饮料、运动不足、最近一个月每天平均睡眠时间)、随访时间后,基线BMI与随访时AIP存在线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性=0.108)、基线腰围与随访时AIP呈非线性相关(P总趋势<0.001,P非线性=0.002)。见图1、2。
控制混杂因素后,基线AIP在基线BMI和随访AIP关系中起完全中介效应,占比63.6%(P直接=0.06,P间接<0.001);基线AIP在基线腰围和随访AIP关系中同样起完全中介效应,占比80.0%(P直接=0.13,P间接<0.001)。见表2。
表3显示了多分类logistic回归分析结果。调整混杂因素后,基线BMI定义的超重肥胖的青少年相对于基线体重正常的青少年更容易出现持续高AIP(OR=3.570,P<0.001)。基线高腰围的青少年相对于基线正常腰围的青少年也更容易出现持续高AIP(OR=3.388,P<0.001)。此外,我们还观察到:基线超重肥胖和高腰围的青少年中,出现基线高随访正常AIP的风险显著高于基线正常体重和正常腰围的群体(OR=2.481,P<0.001;OR=2.375,P<0.001);基线超重肥胖的青少年相对于正常体重的青少年还容易出现基线正常随访高AIP的风险(OR=1.691,P<0.05)。
本研究发现基线BMI和随访时AIP呈线性剂量-反应关系,基线腰围同随访时AIP呈非线性剂量-反应关系。另外,基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP的关系中起到完全中介效应。在基线时处于超重肥胖或高腰围组的青少年人群更容易出现持续高AIP。
以往的研究发现在成人中肥胖与AIP之间有着密切关联[27-28]。如Zhu等[29]研究发现BMI与四种血脂谱及与AIP均呈显著线性关联。并且,成人中体脂水平、内脏脂肪面积、腹部肥胖状况与AIP也存在相关性[30]。但对青少年群体的相关研究较少,本研究进一步发现,青少年群体中基线BMI和随访AIP呈线性剂量-反应关系。这一研究结果与以往在成人中的研究结果一致。此外,基线腰围与随访AIP的剂量-反应关系曲线呈现J型,说明在高腰围时腰围与AIP仍然呈现正相关。可能是因为在拐点前腹部脂肪堆积有限,并未超过青少年代谢的阈值,因此对脂代谢的影响较为温和,导致AIP上升幅度平缓;而高腰围状态下,脂代谢功能出现紊乱(如胰岛素抵抗加剧),AIP对腰围变化的敏感性显著升高。
本研究结果还指出基线AIP在基线BMI(基线腰围)与随访AIP的关系中起到完全中介效应,这意味着过量体重在短期内即可造成AIP的异常。这可能是因为高BMI和高腰围短期内即可造成胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素抵抗是超重肥胖患者中最常见的代谢紊乱,还是超重肥胖相关代谢性血脂异常最重要的驱动力[31]。胰岛素抵抗即可导致富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白清除速度减慢[32];还会导致HDL被水解为小而致密的LDL(sdLDL),从而使HDL-C水平进一步降低[33-34];最终导致短期内AIP的上升,这些脂质的异常为动脉粥样硬化斑块的发展创展了条件[35]。
本队列研究发现,基线超重肥胖(基线高腰围)的青少年群体相对于基线正常体重(正常腰围)的青少年群体更容易引起持续高AIP的发生。上述结果进一步说明由BMI定义的超重肥胖青少年群体可能短时间就会出现高AIP,并且可能会导致持续性的高AIP发生,高腰围青少年群体同样有类似结果。类似的,一项研究发现:基线时患者AIP呈较高水平,在患者参与减肥手术后相对于手术前,AIP明显降低[36]。另一项,在青少年群体中开展的研究表明,相较于健康组的青少年,肥胖青少年的AIP水平更高[37]。此外,我们还观察到:基线超重肥胖和高腰围的青少年中,出现基线高随访正常AIP的风险显著高于基线正常体重和正常腰围的群体,这可能是因为短时间基线体重过高造成高AIP,但随着体重状态的波动(如体重恢复正常),AIP又逐渐恢复到正常水平;比如在基线高随访正常AIP的132人中,40人基线超重肥胖,其中30%(12人)在随访时体重恢复正常。基线超重肥胖的青少年相对于正常体重的青少年还容易出现基线正常随访高AIP的风险,这揭示在部分青少年中,基线超重肥胖造成高AIP可能需要一定的时间;因此,我们应该同时关注体重过高的短期和长期致动脉粥样硬化效应。
为控制动脉粥样硬化的过早启动,本研究建议:第一,开展零级预防,降低人群中全身性肥胖和腹型肥胖的流行;第二,一旦发现青少年出现高BMI和高腰围,及时采取干预措施,以预防短期内就出现高AIP。
本研究的优点为采用了队列研究的方法,揭示了超重肥胖与AIP的因果关系。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性:首先,尽管我们调整了一些混杂因素,但一些潜在混杂因素可能仍没有被测量和控制。其次,本研究是基于四川省凉山州人群而开展的,不足以代表所有地区青少年人群,研究结果有待于在其它地域青少年人群中进行验证。再次,本研究为队列研究,对样本的追踪和数据收集受限于研究经费、人力资源以及随访时间的影响,故样本量较少,因此还不能将超重和肥胖分开来进行分析,未来还需要样本量更大的队列研究进一步深入探索。最后,本研究随访时间较短,不能评估体重状态对AIP的长期影响。
综上所述,本研究强调需在生命早期重视超重肥胖致动脉粥样硬化效应,预防心血管系统的过早损伤。
  • 凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(21ZDYF0123)
  • 川北医学院博士科研启动基金项目和重点培育项目(CBY18-QD02; CBY22-ZDB02)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507179
  • 接收时间:2025-07-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-12
基金
凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(21ZDYF0123)
川北医学院博士科研启动基金项目和重点培育项目(CBY18-QD02; CBY22-ZDB02)
作者信息
    1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637000
    2.凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测所
    3.川北医学院基础医学与法医学院,四川 南充 637000
    4.川北医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,四川 南充 637000

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范晖,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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