Article(id=1324078044431917902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506095, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614405973, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614405973, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614405973, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614405973, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077868950631142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614364134, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614446224, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078213328142371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078213332336676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=594, endPage=601, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078046256440143, articleId=1324078044431917902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of birth weight on changes in bone mineral density during adulthood: A genome-wide phenotype association study based on the UK biobank, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the genetic association between birth weight (BW) and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in adults, and to explore their shared genetic mechanisms and potential public health implications for osteoporosis prevention.

Methods

Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the UK Biobank and the EGG Consortium, we systematically analyzed the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship between BW and eBMD through linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), local genetic correlation analysis (SUPERGNOVA), cross-trait meta-analysis (CPASSOC), and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Results

A significant negative genome-wide genetic correlation was observed between BW and eBMD (rg=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1). MR analysis revealed a negative causal association between BW and eBMD(β=-0.081,P=3.48×10-3).

Conclusion

The inverse causal association between BW and eBMD supports the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, indicating that intrauterine development may regulate adult bone metabolism through pleiotropic genes (e.g., SNX10, RAC1). These findings highlight the importance of early-life interventions for osteoporosis prevention.

, authors=Ting YU, Si-rui ZHENG, Tao HAN, Jin-yu ZHOU, Xia JIANG, Lu WANG, authorsList=Ting YU, Si-rui ZHENG, Tao HAN, Jin-yu ZHOU, Xia JIANG, Lu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078047149826902, articleId=1324078044431917902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=出生体重对成年期骨密度变化的影响——一项基于英国生物银行的全基因组性状关联研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究出生体重(BW)与成人估算骨密度(eBMD)的遗传关联,探讨两者间的共享遗传机制及其对骨质疏松症预防的潜在公共卫生意义。

方法

基于英国生物银行和EGG联盟的大规模全基因组关联研究汇总数据,采用连锁不平衡分数回归(LDSC)、局部遗传相关性分析(SUPERGNOVA)、跨性状荟萃分析(CPASSOC)及两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)方法,系统解析BW与eBMD的遗传相关性、多效性基因位点及因果关联。

结果

BW与eBMD存在显著负向全基因组遗传相关性(rg=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1),鉴定出57个多效性基因座(含5个新发位点)。MR分析显示,BW和eBMD间存在负向因果关联(β=-0.081,P=3.48×10-3)。

结论

BW与eBMD的负向因果关联支持“健康与疾病发育起源”假说(DOHaD),提示宫内发育状态可能通过多效性基因(如SNX10、RAC1)调控成年期骨代谢。

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于婷(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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王露,E-mail:
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Source and description of GWAS summary statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露样本量人群参考基因组序列Pubmed ID
出生体重321 223大部分为欧洲人群(90%)GRCh3731043758
估计骨密度462 824欧洲人群GRCh3730598549
), ArticleFig(id=1324078052245906313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078044431917902, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GWAS汇总数据来源和描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露样本量人群参考基因组序列Pubmed ID
出生体重321 223大部分为欧洲人群(90%)GRCh3731043758
估计骨密度462 824欧洲人群GRCh3730598549
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出生体重对成年期骨密度变化的影响——一项基于英国生物银行的全基因组性状关联研究
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于婷 , 郑思睿 , 韩韬 , 周进宇 , 姜侠 , 王露
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(4): 594-601
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (4) : 594 -601
出生体重对成年期骨密度变化的影响——一项基于英国生物银行的全基因组性状关联研究
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于婷, 郑思睿, 韩韬, 周进宇, 姜侠, 王露
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院 / 四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
王露,E-mail:
作者简介:

于婷(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

The impact of birth weight on changes in bone mineral density during adulthood: A genome-wide phenotype association study based on the UK biobank
Ting YU, Si-rui ZHENG, Tao HAN, Jin-yu ZHOU, Xia JIANG, Lu WANG
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506095
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目的

探究出生体重(BW)与成人估算骨密度(eBMD)的遗传关联,探讨两者间的共享遗传机制及其对骨质疏松症预防的潜在公共卫生意义。

方法

基于英国生物银行和EGG联盟的大规模全基因组关联研究汇总数据,采用连锁不平衡分数回归(LDSC)、局部遗传相关性分析(SUPERGNOVA)、跨性状荟萃分析(CPASSOC)及两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)方法,系统解析BW与eBMD的遗传相关性、多效性基因位点及因果关联。

结果

BW与eBMD存在显著负向全基因组遗传相关性(rg=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1),鉴定出57个多效性基因座(含5个新发位点)。MR分析显示,BW和eBMD间存在负向因果关联(β=-0.081,P=3.48×10-3)。

结论

BW与eBMD的负向因果关联支持“健康与疾病发育起源”假说(DOHaD),提示宫内发育状态可能通过多效性基因(如SNX10、RAC1)调控成年期骨代谢。

出生体重  /  骨密度  /  全基因组关联研究  /  遗传多效性  /  孟德尔随机化
Objective

To investigate the genetic association between birth weight (BW) and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in adults, and to explore their shared genetic mechanisms and potential public health implications for osteoporosis prevention.

Methods

Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the UK Biobank and the EGG Consortium, we systematically analyzed the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship between BW and eBMD through linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), local genetic correlation analysis (SUPERGNOVA), cross-trait meta-analysis (CPASSOC), and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Results

A significant negative genome-wide genetic correlation was observed between BW and eBMD (rg=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1). MR analysis revealed a negative causal association between BW and eBMD(β=-0.081,P=3.48×10-3).

Conclusion

The inverse causal association between BW and eBMD supports the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, indicating that intrauterine development may regulate adult bone metabolism through pleiotropic genes (e.g., SNX10, RAC1). These findings highlight the importance of early-life interventions for osteoporosis prevention.

Birth weight  /  Bone mineral density  /  Genome-wide association study  /  Genetic pleiotropy  /  Mendelian randomization
于婷, 郑思睿, 韩韬, 周进宇, 姜侠, 王露. 出生体重对成年期骨密度变化的影响——一项基于英国生物银行的全基因组性状关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (4) : 594 -601 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506095
Ting YU, Si-rui ZHENG, Tao HAN, Jin-yu ZHOU, Xia JIANG, Lu WANG. The impact of birth weight on changes in bone mineral density during adulthood: A genome-wide phenotype association study based on the UK biobank[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (4) : 594 -601 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506095
骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一种以骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)降低和骨微结构破坏为特征的代谢性骨病,其临床特征为骨脆性增加及骨质疏松性骨折风险升高[1]。随着全球人口老龄化进程的加速,骨质疏松症已成为重大公共卫生问题。国际骨质疏松基金会统计数据显示,全球超过1/5的男性和1/3的女性在其生命周期内可能发生骨质疏松性骨折,这不仅严重影响患者生活质量,还给社会医疗保障体系带来沉重负担[2]。
作为诊断骨质疏松症的核心指标,BMD不仅是临床诊断的重要依据,更是预测疾病发生发展的关键生物标志物。该指标具有显著遗传特征,其水平受性别、年龄、体重、体力活动、睡眠质量及炎症性疾病等多重因素调控[3]。全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association studies,GWAS)已鉴定出数百个与BMD、骨质疏松症及其相关骨折风险相关的遗传位点[4]。然而现有研究表明,仍有相当比例的BMD变异无法通过已知遗传和环境因素得到合理解释。
基于“健康与疾病发育起源”假说(The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease,DOHaD)的理论框架,生命早期发育状态对个体全生命周期健康具有决定性影响[5]。作为反映胎儿宫内发育状况的核心指标,出生体重(birth weight,BW)在DOHaD理论体系中占据重要地位。已有研究证实,BW不仅与新生儿死亡率和儿童生长发育密切相关,还可能影响成年期骨质疏松、心血管疾病及2型糖尿病等慢性疾病的发病风险[6-8]。近年来,成年期体重已被明确为骨质疏松的重要影响因素[9],而BW与成年期体重存在显著遗传相关性,基于此,学界开始关注BW与骨密度的潜在关联[10-12]。但这部分研究结论目前存在显著异质性:一项队列研究显示极低出生体重青少年BMD显著低于正常对照组[10],而另一项纵向研究却未发现低出生体重与成年期骨密度的显著关联[11],更有研究在调整体表面积后观察到两者呈现负相关[12]。这种差异可能源于研究设计、人群特征差异以及观察性研究固有的局限性(如反向因果关联和混杂因素干扰等)。
应用遗传学方法特别是孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)研究可有效克服传统观察性研究的局限性。已有两项MR研究探讨出生体重与估算骨密度(estimated bone mineral density,eBMD)的因果关系[13-14],结果显示低出生体重与骨密度降低存在负向关联。但这些现有研究尚存局限,样本量少,且对于BW和eBMD的遗传关联研究仅停留在纵向因果关系部分,缺乏对于遗传关联研究中水平基因多效性(即单个基因变异对多个表型的独立影响)的探究。通过遗传相关性分析、跨表现荟萃分析等方法可以更准确地探究水平基因多效性,有助于更全面的了解BW和eBMD间的遗传学关联。
为深入探究BW与eBMD的遗传学关联,本研究基于最新且最大规模的GWAS数据,采用全基因组跨性状分析方法[15],系统量化两个表型的共享遗传基础,识别影响两者的多效性位点,并通过双向两样本MR进行因果推断。整体研究设计旨在扩展之前的MR研究的发现结果,并揭示BW和eBMD之间的多效性效应。
迄今为止,规模最大的出生体重全基因组关联研究数据来源于EGG联盟(www.egg-consortium.org)2019年发布的汇总数据[16]。该研究共纳入321 223名研究对象。估算骨密度数据源自2018年GEFOS联盟(http://www.gefos.org/)发表的GWAS研究[17]。该研究基于英国生物样本库(UK Biobank,UKB)的462 824名欧洲白人受试者。上述GWAS研究的基本信息详见表1,原始研究均已通过伦理审查并获取受试者知情同意。
本研究采用跨性状连锁不平衡分数回归(linkage disequilibrium score regression,LDSC)评估BW与eBMD的整体遗传关联[18]。结果所得的遗传相关性(rg)可量化两种性状间平均共享的遗传效应,其值域为-1至+1,符号代表相关性方向。
进一步利用SUPERGNOVA进行局部遗传相关性分析[19],将基因组划分为2 353个LD独立区域,量化各区域内的遗传相关性。统计显著性采用Bonferroni校正(P<0.05/2 353)。
采用跨表型关联分析(cross-phenotype association analysis,CPASSOC)识别同时影响BW和eBMD的多效性基因座[20]。该方法整合GWAS汇总数据,在控制人群结构和潜在亲缘关系后,检验SNP与两种性状的联合关联性。基于固定效应模型计算SHet统计量,以增强异质性存在时的检验效能。
通过PLINK的聚类功能筛选独立基因座(参数设置:--clump-p1 5×10-8,--clump-p2 1×10-5,--clump-r2 0.01,--clump-kb 500)[21],选取各基因座内P值最小的SNP作为索引SNP。显著多效性SNP定义为CPASSOC结果显著(P<5.0×10-8)且在BW和eBMD的GWAS中均达到P< 1.0×10-5的阈值,并进一步分类为:
(1)已知共享SNP:在BW和eBMD中均达全基因组显著性(PBW<5×10-8且PeBMD<6.6×10-9);
(2)单性状驱动SNP:仅在某一性状中达全基因组显著性(PBW<5×10-8或PeBMD<6.6×10-9);
(3)连锁不平衡标记SNP:未达全基因组显著性(PBW≥5×10-8且PeBMD≥6.6×10-9),但与已报道的索引SNP存在LD(r2≥0.2)或位于索引SNP±1 Mb范围内);
(4)新发共享SNP:未达全基因组显著性且与已知SNP无LD关联。
采用双向两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)评估BW与eBMD的因果关系。基于MR研究的三个核心假设,选择符合关联性、独立性和排他性的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)作为工具变量(instrumental variables,IVs)。具体流程如下:IVs初始来源于EGG联盟2019年发表的GWAS研究(Pubmed ID:31043758),设定全基因组显著性阈值为P<5×10-8,初步获得211个候选SNP;通过PLINK软件进行连锁不平衡(LD)修剪,参数设置为--clump-r2 0.01、--clump-kb 500,剔除SNP间r2≥0.01的强LD位点;计算F统计量(F=Beta2/se2),排除F<10的弱工具变量;检索GWAS Catalog数据库,排除已知与骨质疏松症、骨代谢相关混杂因素(如钙摄入、体力活动、炎症因子水平等)直接关联的SNP,并采用MR-Egger回归分析评估水平多效性,验证排他性假设,最终剩余198个IVs。
主分析采用逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted,IVW)[22],辅以加权中位数法[23]、MR-Egger回归[24]进行敏感性检验。通过剔除多效性SNP验证结果稳健性。若IVW检验(P < 0.05)且不同方法效应方向一致,则认为存在显著因果关联。
遗传相关性分析发现BW与eBMD之间存在显著的遗传重叠。通过使用连锁不平衡分数回归(LDSC)方法,我们发现BW与eBMD之间存在显著的全基因组负向遗传相关性(rg=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1)(图1)。
SUPERGNOVA方法检测到了7个BW与eBMD之间显著的局部信号(图1)。其中最显著的信号位于7p22区域(chr7:2 480 729-2 930 941,P=2.09×10-8),该区域包含许多基因,如SNX10基因是编码分选连接蛋白家族的一个成员,与破骨细胞活性高度相关[25];USP42是编码泛素特异性肽酶的基因,可以使组蛋白去泛素化并调节转录活性[26];以及RAC1基因与发育迟缓和多种遗传有关[27],破骨细胞活性有关。其余信号区段分别是3p21(chr3:38 080 101-38 723 967,P=8.59×10-8)、4p15(chr4:16 521 003-18 752 293,P=6.48×10-6)、6q25.1(chr6:151 100 484-151 929 942,P=1.19×10-6)、9q33(chr9:125 545 194-126 926 376,P=8.22×10-6)、13q32(chr13:98 594 975-100 043 997,P=7.54×10-6)和17q11-q12(chr17:30 879 433-31 989 867,P =1.53×10-5)。
鉴于上述显著的整体和局部遗传相关性,接下来进行了跨性状荟萃分析,以检测多效性基因座。利用跨表型关联分析(CPASSOC)方法,我们共鉴定出57个显著的多效性基因座(图2),其中大多数是“单性状驱动的”共享基因座(N = 26,占比45.61%),或者是“已知的”共享基因座(N = 18,占比31.57%),此外,还鉴定出5个全新的多效性基因座。在图2中,深蓝色为已知共享SNP,浅蓝色为单性状驱动SNP,暗红色为连锁不平衡标记SNP,正红色为新发共享SNP。
我们鉴定出的“已知的”共享基因座中,最显著的基因座是rs1482852(PCPASSOC=5.49×10-225),定位于LINC02029基因,该基因是一个长基因间非编码RNA基因。其他具有代表性的基因座有rs9482770,定位于RSPO3基因,与骨折和骨密度风险有关[28]。rs7633870(PCPASSOC=2.36×10-19),定位于XRN1基因,该基因与骨肉瘤相关,在骨形成中也发挥一定作用[29]。此外还有rs11946517(PCPASSOC=8.09×10-32),定位于HHIP基因,与出生身高密切相关[30]。
在这57个共享基因座中,有5个被归类为新的多效性基因座。这些新的多效性基因座分别是rs2305013(PCPASSOC =6.11×10-14),定位于ARHGEF12基因,该基因与白血病和青光眼密切相关[31-32];rs1319012(PCPASSOC =5.43×10-12),定位于USP49基因,该基因与去泛素化有关[33];rs10512439(PCPASSOC =8.34×10-12),定位于MYO1D基因,该基因与蛋白质结构域特异性结合活性有关,在动物的对称性进化中发挥一定作用[34];rs112502118(PCPASSOC =4.89×10-11),定位于ISY1基因,参与mRNA剪切[35]。此外还发现了一个新的基因座rs9621190(PCPASSOC =4.41×10-11),定位于未表征的LOC105372995基因。
我们首先评估了工具变量(IV)的强度,并确认所有工具变量的F统计量均大于10,这表明这些工具变量是有效的。
我们采用孟德尔随机化框架,证实了BW对eBMD存在负向因果关联(β=-0.081, P=3.48×10-3)(图3)。
所有基于IVW得出的结果,进一步得到了MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、以及排除多效性的敏感性分析的支持(图3)。
本研究基于迄今最大规模的出生体重与估算骨密度的全基因组关联研究,从多效性与因果关联两个维度系统解析了二者的遗传关联。通过遗传相关性分析和跨性状荟萃分析,我们首次证实BW与eBMD存在显著负向遗传相关性,并鉴定出5个全新多效性基因座。孟德尔随机化(MR)分析进一步验证了BW对eBMD的负向因果效应,这一发现与“健康与疾病发育起源”假说(DOHaD)高度契合[6],为出生体重在骨质疏松病因学中的作用提供了新视角。
全基因组遗传相关性分析(LDSC)显示,BW与eBMD存在显著负向遗传相关性,遗传重叠可能源于发育相关通路的共享机制。SUPERGNOVA方法在7p22区段检测到最显著的局部遗传相关性信号,该区域包含SNX10和RAC1等基因。已有研究表明,SNX10通过调控破骨细胞分化影响骨代谢[25],而RAC1基因突变可导致发育迟缓等[27],提示该区域可能在胎儿期同时调控生长与骨发育。
跨性状荟萃分析(CPASSOC)鉴定的57个多效性基因座中,有多个基因座位于SUPERGNOVA识别的局部遗传相关区域,其中rs7800633(GNA12基因)与rs4144829(LCORL基因)的发现具有重要生物学意义。GNA12在破骨细胞功能调控中的作用已被共定位研究证实[36],而LCORL基因同时关联胎儿出生体重与骨骼尺寸[37],暗示其可能通过影响骨骼发育速率协调生长与骨量积累。
我们对CPASSOC发现的5个全新的多效性基因座的部分功能做出了一些推测。rs2305013定位的ARHGEF12基因是鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)。据GTEx数据库显示ARHGEF12在胎儿胎盘组织(TPM=4.2)及成人胫骨(TPM=3.8)中中等表达;HaploReg注释显示该SNP位于增强子区域,且存在成骨细胞分化关键转录因子RUNX2的结合位点(P=2.3×10-4)。既往研究表明,ARHGEF12可以通过激活Rap1A维持胎盘微血管屏障的完整性,避免炎症或缺氧导致的胎盘血管渗漏[38];同时已有研究证实,ARHGEF12在骨组织(如胫骨)中可通过激活RhoA(不同于血管内皮细胞中的底物特异性)影响成骨细胞功能[39]。我们认为,rs2305013的变异可能通过改变ARHGEF12的增强子活性,同时调控胎盘血管发育与成骨细胞功能。
rs1319012定位于USP49基因,该基因属于泛素特异性肽酶家族。STRING数据库显示USP49与USP4存在间接蛋白互作(置信度= 0.72);且USP49在成人股骨(TPM=5.1)及胎儿肝脏(TPM=4.7)中高表达;有研究认为USP49可能通过去泛素化修饰稳定GLUT4,促进胎儿肝脏通过合成营养转运蛋白调控葡萄糖等营养素的利用[40]。同时有其他研究证实,USP4可通过稳定成骨细胞分化关键转录因子OSX(Osterix),促进成骨细胞成熟与骨形成[41]。据此,我们推测USP49可能与USP4协同,同时调控胎儿营养转运蛋白对葡萄糖等营养素的利用和稳定成骨细胞中的OSX,影响出生体重与成骨细胞功能。
rs112502118定位于ISY1基因,ISY1是mRNA剪切体核心组分。GTEx显示ISY1在胎儿脑组织(TPM=7.2)及成人骨小梁(TPM=4.5)中表达。已有文献证实,ISY1通过正确剪切生长激素通路基因的前体mRNA,确保生长激素正常合成[42];ISY1也可以在骨小梁中剪切可以抑制破骨细胞活性的骨保护素(OPG)的前体mRNA[43]。故而,我们认为rs112502118的变异会通过影响ISY1基因表达,同时调控生长激素和骨保护素的分泌,进而对出生体重和成年骨密度产生多效性影响。
最后一个新发现的多效性位点rs9621190定位于未表征基因LOC105372995,该基因位于17号染色体,邻近骨代谢关键基因FGF8(距离约200 kb),其中FGF8已被证实可调控胎儿软骨细胞增殖与成年期骨修复[44]。ENCODE数据库显示LOC105372995启动子区域与成骨细胞特异性转录因子SP7存在结合峰(P=3.1×10-5)。我们推测LOC105372995为长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),通过顺式调控邻近FGF8的表达发挥作用,rs9621190可能通过改变LOC105372995与SP7的结合效率,间接调控FGF8表达,进而同时影响BW与eBMD。
既往关于BW与BMD/eBMD的传统观察性研究结论存在异质性,除研究设计、人群特征差异及观察性研究固有局限性外,还存在其他因素的影响。如表型测量方面,BMD测量方法、部位差异及BW定义、测量时机(回忆性报告/医学记录)等都存在差异;各项研究调整的混杂因素也并不一致,部分研究未拆分成年期体脂与瘦体重的介导作用,忽略性别激素、童年体力活动等修饰因素及孕期钙摄入、维生素D水平等关键暴露,这都会影响BW与BMD/eBMD的关联结论;此外,不同族群的遗传结构差异(如多效性基因等位基因频率)及人群分层校正不足,引发遗传效应的种群特异性差异;未排除的反向因果(如母亲隐性骨代谢疾病的代际影响)与残余混杂,也导致关联被高估或低估。但既往MR分析表明:基因预测的BW升高对eBMD具有因果损害效应[13-14]。本研究通过多种敏感性分析(加权中位数法、MR-PRESSO)验证了结果的稳健性。结合多效性基因座的功能特征,我们推测BW影响eBMD可能通过以下机制:(1)宫内代谢编程:如LCORL基因通过调节多梳蛋白抑制复合物2(The polycomb repressive complex 2,PRC2)协调胎儿生长与骨骼发育;(2)细胞骨架重塑:MYO1D与GNA12调控成骨细胞迁移与破骨细胞活性;(3)蛋白质稳态调控:USP家族基因通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统维持骨代谢平衡。
本研究优势在于整合多种遗传学方法(LDSC、SUPERGNOVA、CPASSOC、MR),首次系统阐明BW与eBMD的遗传关联框架。由于EGG联盟的BW数据中部分纳入了UKB人群,而本研究eBMD数据完全基于UKB样本构建,因此两套GWAS汇总数据存在较高比例的样本重叠。有近期发表的方法学研究[45]指出,当MR分析采用汇总数据且IVs与混杂因素无显著关联时,样本重叠对结果的偏倚影响较小(偏倚程度< 5%),不足以改变因果关联方向;本研究后续采用的LDSC、SUPERGNOVA方法本身对样本重叠具有较强鲁棒性,可通过内置统计模型校正潜在重叠偏倚;CPASSOC通过控制人群结构和潜在亲缘关系,进一步降低了样本重叠对多效性位点鉴定的干扰。综上,本研究中样本重叠对整体结果的影响有限,结论具有可靠性。本研究的局限性包括:(1)数据局限于欧洲人群,需在非欧裔中验证结果普适性;(2)eBMD仅代表部分骨骼部位特征,未来需结合特定部位骨密度数据;(3)多效性SNP的功能机制需通过实验进一步解析。
综上,本研究通过全基因组跨性状分析揭示了BW与eBMD的遗传关联网络,为骨质疏松的早期预防提供了新思路。基于遗传风险的高危人群筛查,结合孕期营养干预与儿童期骨健康监测,可能成为降低骨质疏松疾病负担的有效策略。
  • 四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2024NSFTD0030)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506095
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
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四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2024NSFTD0030)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院 / 四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
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属
Genus
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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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