Article(id=1324078038916412383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755532800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614404658, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614404658, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614404658, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614404658, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078037817504735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614404396, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614474144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078330420527920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078037817504735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=502, endPage=506, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078039398757344, articleId=1324078038916412383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The chain-mediated role of sleep duration and anxiety in the relationship between dietary diversity and depression in older adults, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating role of sleep duration and anxiety in the association between dietary diversity and depression in older adults, so as to inform improvements in their mental health.

Methods

This study utilised data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), selecting 7 744 participants. Spearman’s correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between dietary diversity, sleep duration, anxiety, and depression among older adults. The mediating effects of sleep duration and anxiety on the association between dietary diversity and depression were analysed using Model 6 of the Process 4.2 plugin in SPSS.

Results

There was a statistically significant direct effect of dietary diversity on depression in older adults (β=-0.348,95% CI: -0.408~-0.288), a statistically significant separate mediated effect of sleep duration (β=-0.027,95% CI: -0.037~-0.018), a statistically significant separate mediated effect of anxiety (β=-0.181,95% CI: -0.220~-0.142), and a statistically significant chain mediated effect of sleep duration and anxiety (β=-0.016,95% CI:-0.022~-0.011).

Conclusion

Dietary diversity can directly and negatively affect the level of depression in older adults, or it can affect the level of depression in older adults through the separate or chain-mediated effects of sleep duration and anxiety.Therefore, it is recommended that the dietary structure of the elderly should be improved, nutritional intake should be guaranteed, and attention should be paid to sleep regulation to alleviate the anxiety of the elderly, thereby alleviating their depressive conditions.

, authors=Xin SUI1, Ge GAO2, Ke-ying ZHANG1, Yun-na GONG1, Wen-chao WANG1, Xiao-lin ZHANG1, Yong MA1, authorsList=Xin SUI, Ge GAO, Ke-ying ZHANG, Yun-na GONG, Wen-chao WANG, Xiao-lin ZHANG, Yong MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078042892612589, articleId=1324078038916412383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究睡眠时长、焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的中介作用,为改善老年人心理健康提供借鉴。

方法

本文运用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据,筛选出7 744名研究对象,运用Spearman相关性分析探究膳食多样性、睡眠时长、焦虑和老年人抑郁间的相关关系,使用SPSS中Process 4.2插件模型6分析睡眠时长、焦虑在膳食多样性和老年人抑郁间的中介作用。

结果

膳食多样性对老年人抑郁的直接效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.348,95% CI:-0.408~-0.288),睡眠时长的单独中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.027,95% CI:-0.037~-0.018),焦虑的单独中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.181,95% CI:-0.220~-0.142),睡眠时长和焦虑的链式中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.016,95% CI:-0.022~-0.011)。

结论

膳食多样性可以直接负向影响老年人抑郁状况,也可以通过睡眠时长和焦虑的单独或链式中介作用影响老年人抑郁状况。因此,建议改善老年人的膳食结构,保障营养摄入,关注睡眠调节,减轻老年人的焦虑,从而缓解老年人的抑郁状况。

, authors=隋欣1, 高歌2, 张克莹1, 宫云娜1, 王文超1, 张晓林1, 马勇1, authorsList=隋欣, 高歌, 张克莹, 宫云娜, 王文超, 张晓林, 马勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马勇, authorNote=

隋欣(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理

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马勇,E-mail:
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隋欣(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Association of dietary diversity and anxiety in Chinese People aged 65 years and older in 2018, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078052711477319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=152, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=赵玉琛, 邓妍, 董传升, journalName=成都体育学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵玉琛,邓妍,董传升.不同户外活动与老年人抑郁的关系:焦虑的中介作用[J].成都体育学院学报,2025,51(4):152-160., articleTitle=不同户外活动与老年人抑郁的关系:焦虑的中介作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078052786974792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=152, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Zhao YC, Deng Y, Dong CS, journalName=Journal of Chengdu Sport University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao YC, Deng Y, Dong CS. Association between Different Outdoor Activities and Depression in the Elderly: the Mediating Role of Anxiety[J].Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2025, 51(4): 152-160. 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Mediating effect of sleep duration between anxiety and depression in the elderly[J]. Journal of Psychiatry, 2022, 35(2):135-138. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Status of sleep quality in elderly patients with neurosis and its correlation with negative emotions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078048710111275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, awardId=20CFX017, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078048793997356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, awardId=21YJC820050, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJC820050), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078043169436654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078043177825263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, companyId=1324078043169436654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078043190408176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, companyId=1324078043169436654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078043278488561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078043286877170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, companyId=1324078043278488561, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.五莲县街头镇中心卫生院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078047594426399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Chain mediation effect model, figureFileSmall=WMDyd0cb9LUCRmKcygYf9g==, figureFileBig=BmOe22LGG3H6sRG3FUHgkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078047678312480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=图1, caption=链式中介效应模型

注:***表示 P<0.001;** 表示P<0.01;* 表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=WMDyd0cb9LUCRmKcygYf9g==, figureFileBig=BmOe22LGG3H6sRG3FUHgkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078047871250465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别男性=1,女性=2
年龄(岁)60~69=1,70~79=2,≥80=3
婚姻状况已婚同居=1,分居=2,离异=3,丧偶=4,未婚=5
居住地城市=1,乡镇结合=2,农村=3
受教育时间未接受过正式教育=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
是否吸烟是=1,否=2
是否饮酒是=1,否=2
是否有养老保险是=1,否=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324078047938359330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别男性=1,女性=2
年龄(岁)60~69=1,70~79=2,≥80=3
婚姻状况已婚同居=1,分居=2,离异=3,丧偶=4,未婚=5
居住地城市=1,乡镇结合=2,农村=3
受教育时间未接受过正式教育=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
是否吸烟是=1,否=2
是否饮酒是=1,否=2
是否有养老保险是=1,否=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048026439715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differences in depression scores of older adults across variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数比例(%)抑郁得分()统计量t/F值P值
性别男3 31742.8321.69±5.83-9.557<0.001
女4 42757.1723.00±6.15
年龄(岁)60~691 01013.0421.24±5.9143.830<0.001
70~792 12827.4821.92±5.94
≥804 60659.4822.94±6.07
婚姻状况已婚同居3 34343.1721.54±5.7736.208<0.001
分居1401.8122.83±6.24
离异210.2723.71±6.66
丧偶4 17853.9523.08±6.13
未婚620.8025.85±7.23
居住地城市96912.5121.42±6.0220.401<0.001
乡镇结合2 92237.7322.84±6.05
农村3 85349.7522.38±6.03
受教育时间未接受正式教育3 96951.2523.41±6.0781.607<0.001
小学2 76235.6721.73±5.87
初中6548.4520.61±5.77
高中及以上3594.6420.47±5.67
是否吸烟是1 28816.6321.60±5.76-5.665<0.001
否6 45683.3722.60±6.09
是否饮酒是1 17215.1320.96±5.81-9.088<0.001
否6 57284.8722.70±6.05
是否有养老保险是2 92537.7721.80±6.03-7.178<0.001
否4 81962.2322.82±6.03
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048114520100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同变量下的老年人抑郁得分的差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数比例(%)抑郁得分()统计量t/F值P值
性别男3 31742.8321.69±5.83-9.557<0.001
女4 42757.1723.00±6.15
年龄(岁)60~691 01013.0421.24±5.9143.830<0.001
70~792 12827.4821.92±5.94
≥804 60659.4822.94±6.07
婚姻状况已婚同居3 34343.1721.54±5.7736.208<0.001
分居1401.8122.83±6.24
离异210.2723.71±6.66
丧偶4 17853.9523.08±6.13
未婚620.8025.85±7.23
居住地城市96912.5121.42±6.0220.401<0.001
乡镇结合2 92237.7322.84±6.05
农村3 85349.7522.38±6.03
受教育时间未接受正式教育3 96951.2523.41±6.0781.607<0.001
小学2 76235.6721.73±5.87
初中6548.4520.61±5.77
高中及以上3594.6420.47±5.67
是否吸烟是1 28816.6321.60±5.76-5.665<0.001
否6 45683.3722.60±6.09
是否饮酒是1 17215.1320.96±5.81-9.088<0.001
否6 57284.8722.70±6.05
是否有养老保险是2 92537.7721.80±6.03-7.178<0.001
否4 81962.2322.82±6.03
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048206794789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of correlation analysis of dietary diversity, sleep duration, anxiety and depression (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量膳食多样性睡眠时长焦虑抑郁
膳食多样性1———
睡眠时长0.070***1—
焦虑-0.136***-0.159***1—
抑郁-0.210***-0.196***0.512***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048273903654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

膳食多样性、睡眠时长、焦虑和抑郁的相关分析结果(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量膳食多样性睡眠时长焦虑抑郁
膳食多样性1———
睡眠时长0.070***1—
焦虑-0.136***-0.159***1—
抑郁-0.210***-0.196***0.512***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048361984039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Chain mediation model regression analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:睡眠时长模型2:焦虑模型3:抑郁程度
β tβ tβ t
常量1.8770.09320.230***3.2430.3399.578***20.7180.60034.505***
膳食多样性0.0310.0056.296***-0.1740.017-10.041***-0.3480.031-11.347***
睡眠时长-0.5120.040-12.660***-0.8880.072-12.331***
焦虑1.0390.02051.824***
性别-0.1190.022-5.531***0.3310.0774.309***-0.2630.135-1.942
年龄0.0630.0154.276***-0.1670.052-3.193*0.4850.0925.266***
居住地0.0020.0130.151-0.1300.047-2.749-0.0200.083-0.245
婚姻状况0.0160.0072.312*0.0350.0251.3950.2360.0445.336***
受教育时间-0.0270.013-2.121*-0.1470.046-3.217*-0.5030.081-6.238***
吸烟-0.0180.027-0.689-0.0050.095-0.0500.0630.1670.377
饮酒-0.0160.027-0.6070.2070.0952.171*0.7730.1684.605***
养老保险-0.0130.019-0.7090.0030.0660.0430.7880.1166.790***
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048429092904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

链式中介模型回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:睡眠时长模型2:焦虑模型3:抑郁程度
β tβ tβ t
常量1.8770.09320.230***3.2430.3399.578***20.7180.60034.505***
膳食多样性0.0310.0056.296***-0.1740.017-10.041***-0.3480.031-11.347***
睡眠时长-0.5120.040-12.660***-0.8880.072-12.331***
焦虑1.0390.02051.824***
性别-0.1190.022-5.531***0.3310.0774.309***-0.2630.135-1.942
年龄0.0630.0154.276***-0.1670.052-3.193*0.4850.0925.266***
居住地0.0020.0130.151-0.1300.047-2.749-0.0200.083-0.245
婚姻状况0.0160.0072.312*0.0350.0251.3950.2360.0445.336***
受教育时间-0.0270.013-2.121*-0.1470.046-3.217*-0.5030.081-6.238***
吸烟-0.0180.027-0.689-0.0050.095-0.0500.0630.1670.377
饮酒-0.0160.027-0.6070.2070.0952.171*0.7730.1684.605***
养老保险-0.0130.019-0.7090.0030.0660.0430.7880.1166.790***
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048529756201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Chain mediation path analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)Boot 相对中介效应(%)
总效应-0.572(-0.643~-0.502)0.036100.00
直接效应-0.348(-0.408~-0.288)0.03160.84
总间接效应-0.224(-0.267~-0.184)0.02139.16
路径1-0.027(-0.037~-0.018)0.0054.72
路径2-0.181(-0.220~-0.142)0.02031.64
路径3-0.016(-0.022~-0.011)0.0032.80
), ArticleFig(id=1324078048605253674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078038916412383, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

链式中介路径分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)Boot 相对中介效应(%)
总效应-0.572(-0.643~-0.502)0.036100.00
直接效应-0.348(-0.408~-0.288)0.03160.84
总间接效应-0.224(-0.267~-0.184)0.02139.16
路径1-0.027(-0.037~-0.018)0.0054.72
路径2-0.181(-0.220~-0.142)0.02031.64
路径3-0.016(-0.022~-0.011)0.0032.80
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睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的链式中介作用
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隋欣 1 , 高歌 2 , 张克莹 1 , 宫云娜 1 , 王文超 1 , 张晓林 1 , 马勇 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(3): 502-506
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (3) : 502 -506
睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的链式中介作用
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隋欣1, 高歌2, 张克莹1, 宫云娜1, 王文超1, 张晓林1, 马勇1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.五莲县街头镇中心卫生院
通讯作者:
马勇,E-mail:
作者简介:

隋欣(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理

The chain-mediated role of sleep duration and anxiety in the relationship between dietary diversity and depression in older adults
Xin SUI1, Ge GAO2, Ke-ying ZHANG1, Yun-na GONG1, Wen-chao WANG1, Xiao-lin ZHANG1, Yong MA1
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508318
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目的

探究睡眠时长、焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的中介作用,为改善老年人心理健康提供借鉴。

方法

本文运用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据,筛选出7 744名研究对象,运用Spearman相关性分析探究膳食多样性、睡眠时长、焦虑和老年人抑郁间的相关关系,使用SPSS中Process 4.2插件模型6分析睡眠时长、焦虑在膳食多样性和老年人抑郁间的中介作用。

结果

膳食多样性对老年人抑郁的直接效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.348,95% CI:-0.408~-0.288),睡眠时长的单独中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.027,95% CI:-0.037~-0.018),焦虑的单独中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.181,95% CI:-0.220~-0.142),睡眠时长和焦虑的链式中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.016,95% CI:-0.022~-0.011)。

结论

膳食多样性可以直接负向影响老年人抑郁状况,也可以通过睡眠时长和焦虑的单独或链式中介作用影响老年人抑郁状况。因此,建议改善老年人的膳食结构,保障营养摄入,关注睡眠调节,减轻老年人的焦虑,从而缓解老年人的抑郁状况。

膳食多样性  /  老年人  /  睡眠时长  /  焦虑  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the mediating role of sleep duration and anxiety in the association between dietary diversity and depression in older adults, so as to inform improvements in their mental health.

Methods

This study utilised data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), selecting 7 744 participants. Spearman’s correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between dietary diversity, sleep duration, anxiety, and depression among older adults. The mediating effects of sleep duration and anxiety on the association between dietary diversity and depression were analysed using Model 6 of the Process 4.2 plugin in SPSS.

Results

There was a statistically significant direct effect of dietary diversity on depression in older adults (β=-0.348,95% CI: -0.408~-0.288), a statistically significant separate mediated effect of sleep duration (β=-0.027,95% CI: -0.037~-0.018), a statistically significant separate mediated effect of anxiety (β=-0.181,95% CI: -0.220~-0.142), and a statistically significant chain mediated effect of sleep duration and anxiety (β=-0.016,95% CI:-0.022~-0.011).

Conclusion

Dietary diversity can directly and negatively affect the level of depression in older adults, or it can affect the level of depression in older adults through the separate or chain-mediated effects of sleep duration and anxiety.Therefore, it is recommended that the dietary structure of the elderly should be improved, nutritional intake should be guaranteed, and attention should be paid to sleep regulation to alleviate the anxiety of the elderly, thereby alleviating their depressive conditions.

Dietary diversity  /  Older adults  /  Sleep duration  /  Anxiety  /  Depression
隋欣, 高歌, 张克莹, 宫云娜, 王文超, 张晓林, 马勇. 睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (3) : 502 -506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508318
Xin SUI, Ge GAO, Ke-ying ZHANG, Yun-na GONG, Wen-chao WANG, Xiao-lin ZHANG, Yong MA. The chain-mediated role of sleep duration and anxiety in the relationship between dietary diversity and depression in older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (3) : 502 -506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508318
第七次全国人口普查数据显示,中国60岁及以上人口已达2.64亿,占总人口的18.7%[1],标志着社会老龄化程度的加深。在这一背景下,老年群体的心理健康问题日益凸显。世界卫生组织(2023年)预测,到2030年,患有心理健康问题的老年人数量将翻一番,这可能对现有的心理健康服务体系构成严峻挑战[2]。其中,抑郁症是老年人最常见的心理健康问题之一[3],并预计将在2030年成为全球第一大疾病负担[4]。面对这一挑战,探寻有效的非药物干预措施显得尤为重要,而生活方式的调整,特别是膳食与睡眠,受到了广泛关注。膳食多样性被定义为在一定时期内消费的食物或食物组的数量,是世界卫生组织和各国膳食指南共同倡导的健康饮食核心[5]。研究证实,丰富的食物摄入与较低的抑郁间存在显著关联[6]。增加水果、蔬菜及豆类等的摄入有助于优化肠道微生物群、减少氧化应激并增强免疫反应,从而降低抑郁发生的几率[7]。睡眠作为关键因素,其时长也与焦虑水平显著相关,充足的睡眠有助于减轻焦虑症状[8]。而焦虑与抑郁作为老年人群中最常见的共病心理问题,往往相互影响,焦虑症状的加剧是诱发老年人抑郁的重要危险因素[9]。
综上,基于国内外学者对膳食多样性、睡眠时长、焦虑和抑郁的研究发现,大部分研究集中于其中两到三个变量,缺乏四个变量间相互作用机制的研究。鉴于此,本研究基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS)数据,旨在进一步检验膳食多样性与老年人抑郁间的关联,并重点分析睡眠时长和焦虑是否在其中存在链式中介效应。
本研究中使用的数据来自2018年CLHLS发布的最新报告。CLHLS 是一项针对中国23个省份 60 岁及以上老年人的持续前瞻性队列研究。CLHLS的调查数据涵盖了23个省、市和自治区,约占中国人口的85%。主要目的是探讨各类健康相关变量与老年群体健康状况之间的关联性,进而为推动健康老龄化进程提供科学依据和决策支持。项目包含老年人的基本特征、社会经济特征、行为习惯、饮食状况和身体健康状况等信息。
本文通过CLHLS 中的食物消费频率问卷来计算膳食多样性评分。膳食多样性评分是一种指标,描述为在特定时期内摄入的各种食物组的数量。包括水果、蔬菜、肉 、蛋 、鱼、豆类 、坚果、牛奶、茶9种食物的摄入,增加不同食物组的摄入量可以增加获得所需微量营养素的可能性[10]。回答“几乎每天” “不是每天,但每周至少一次”的人评为1分,否则,值为0。总分范围为0~9分,得分越高代表膳食多样性越丰富。
本研究通过分析问卷中“您现在一般每天睡几小时?”的回答,确定参与调查的老年人群体的夜间睡眠时长,作为衡量老年人夜间睡眠时长(小时)的核心依据。
焦虑变量是利用CLHLS中的广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder scale-7,GAD-7)进行评估。以过去两周内焦虑症状出现的频率作为评估标准。量表涉及7个条目,每个条目依据“没有”“有几天” “一半以上时间”“几乎天天”选项分别计为0~3分,总分范围为0~21分,得分越高,焦虑程度越高。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.920。
本研究通过CLHLS 中的抑郁量表(CESD-10)进行抑郁评定,该量表包含10个条目,涉及“因小事烦恼”“做事很难集中精力”“感到难过或压抑”“做事费劲”“对未来充满希望”“感到紧张害怕”“很快活”“觉得孤独”“感到无法继续生活”“睡眠质量”。回答范围1~5(1=总是,2=经常,3=有时,4=很少,5=从不),对其中描述消极情绪的条目反向赋值,总分为0~50分,得分越高,抑郁程度越高。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.801。
参考以往研究[11-12],本文纳入性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住地、受教育时间、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、是否有养老保险为控制变量。各变量赋值情况见表1。
通过SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行统计分析,对计数资料和计量资料进行描述统计。通过t检验和方差分析比较调查对象的基本特征,并采用Spearman相关分析探讨自变量膳食多样性、中介变量睡眠时长及焦虑与因变量抑郁之间的关系。此外,应用SPSS宏程序PROCESS v4.2中的bootstrap法分析睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性对老年人抑郁间的链式中介作用。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入7 744名年龄≥60岁的老年人,其中男性3 317人(42.83%),女性4 427人(57.17%);已婚且同居的有3 343人(43.17%),居住在农村的共有3 853人(49.75%),3 969人未接受过正式教育(51.25%),吸烟、饮酒和有养老保险的人分别为1 288(16.63%)、1 172(15.13%)和2 925人(37.77%)。结果显示性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住地、受教育时间、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、是否有养老保险与老年人的抑郁得分均存在显著差异(P<0.001)。见表2。
采用“Harman单因子检验法”,对用于测量膳食多样性、睡眠时长、焦虑和抑郁的所有条目进行未旋转主成分分析。分析结果显示,共有7个因子特征值大于1,且第一个因子的解释变异量为25.57%,小于临界值40%,这表明本研究中没有明显的共同方法偏差。
Spearman相关分析结果显示,膳食多样性与睡眠时长(r=0.070,P<0.001)呈正相关,与焦虑(r=-0.136,P<0.001)、抑郁(r=-0.210,P<0.001)呈负相关。睡眠时长与焦虑(r=-0.159,P<0.001)、抑郁(r=-0.196,P<0.001)呈负相关。焦虑和抑郁(r=0.512,P<0.001)呈正相关。见表3。
本研究结果显示,膳食多样性能够正向影响睡眠时长(β=0.031,P<0.001),而且能负向影响焦虑(β=-0.174,P<0.001)和抑郁程度(β=-0.348,P<0.001);睡眠时长能负向影响老年人焦虑(β=-0.512,P<0.001),还能负向影响老人抑郁程度(β=-0.888,P<0.001);此外,焦虑能正向影响老年人抑郁(β=1.039,P<0.001)。见表4、图1。
结果显示,膳食多样性对老年人抑郁的直接效应有统计学意义(β=-0.348,95% CI:-0.408~-0.288),睡眠时长在膳食多样性对老年人抑郁的中介效应有统计学意义(β=-0.027,95% CI:-0.037~-0.018),焦虑在膳食多样性对老年人抑郁的中介效应有统计学意义(β=-0.181,95% CI:-0.220~-0.142)。睡眠时长和焦虑在膳食多样性与老年人抑郁的链式中介效应有统计学意义(β=-0.016,95% CI:-0.022~-0.011)。见表5。
本研究证实了膳食多样性对老年人抑郁程度的显著负向影响,即膳食结构越丰富,老年人的抑郁发生率越低。饮食作为抑郁症的一个可调节风险因素,其对情绪障碍,尤其是抑郁症的发作具有潜在影响。已有研究指出,丰富的饮食结构能够培育出健康多样的肠道微生物群落,这些微生物进而代谢膳食纤维,产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)等关键神经活性物质,这些物质能够穿过血脑屏障,直接调节大脑内的神经炎症反应、促进神经营养因子的生成,并影响血清素等关键情绪递质的平衡,是预防和缓解老年抑郁的直接手段[13]。日常生活中应积极培养老年人科学的饮食习惯,提供丰富合理的膳食,确保其营养需求得到满足,使膳食多样性成为对抗抑郁症状的有力策略。
本研究揭示,膳食多样性能通过睡眠时长影响老年人抑郁程度。膳食多样性能正向影响老年人的睡眠时长。具体来看,丰富的膳食结构为机体调节睡眠-觉醒周期提供了坚实的神经化学基础,其中色氨酸、镁元素及B族维生素等关键营养素,直接参与神经系统的镇静与放松过程。因此,全面的营养摄入是老年人获得充足、高质量睡眠的生理前提[14]。此外,睡眠时长能负向影响老年人的抑郁程度[15],即睡眠越短,抑郁程度越高,与以往研究结论相符[16]。这种关联的机制在于,一方面夜间睡眠不足会引发日间疲倦、内分泌失调及慢性低度炎症等一系列不良反应,而这些均是诱发抑郁的关键生物学因素[17]。另一方面,睡眠障碍还会直接损害大脑的情绪调节网络与压力反应机制,使负面情绪易于累积并形成恶性循环,进而加剧或诱发抑郁症状。
本研究发现,膳食多样性能够通过焦虑水平这一中介变量影响老年人的抑郁程度。膳食多样性与老年人的焦虑水平呈负相关。与黄莉[18]等学者的结论一致。膳食多样性有助于提升个体的心理适应能力。而更强的心理适应能力,不仅预示着更高的幸福感与生活满意度,也与较低的焦虑风险紧密相关。此外,老年人焦虑水平与抑郁程度呈正相关[19]。持续的焦虑状态会耗尽与动力、愉悦感和积极情绪相关的神经递质。当大脑的结构和功能因长期焦虑而受损,个体便极易陷入以情绪低落、快感缺失和绝望为特征的抑郁状态。
本研究发现,膳食多样性可以通过睡眠时长作用于焦虑,进而显著影响老年人的抑郁程度。具体而言,膳食多样性水平较低的老年人,往往因为缺乏调节神经系统和促进睡眠的关键营养素,更容易出现入睡困难、睡眠周期紊乱等问题,从而导致夜间睡眠时长缩短。而睡眠不足会直接影响次日的情绪调控能力[20],降低对压力的阈值,使得老年人更容易产生紧张、担忧等焦虑情绪,进而导致抑郁程度的加重。由此可见,膳食多样性水平低会导致夜间睡眠时长减少,睡眠时间越短其焦虑症状的检出率越高[21],并进一步加剧其抑郁症状。
综上,本研究基于具有代表性的中国老年人样本,创新地构建并验证了膳食多样性通过睡眠时长和焦虑水平影响抑郁的链式中介模型。这提示我们,未来应构建一体化的老年人健康促进策略。一方面,各级医疗卫生机构及养老服务中心应提升综合健康管理水平,定期为老年人进行营养评估和心理状况筛查,为老年群体制定个性化的身心健康促进计划。另一方面,依托基层社区和“互联网+营养健康”等平台,定期开展专题健康教育,提高老年人及其家庭的科学认知,帮助他们通过主动调整饮食来改善睡眠、缓解焦虑,降低抑郁程度。然而,本研究仍存在一些局限性。一是,作为横断面研究,变量间的因果链条虽在理论上得以验证,但仍需未来采用队列研究或实验设计来提供更强的因果证据。二是,本研究数据收集于2018年,对当前老年人不断变化的心理健康状况的反映能力有限。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017)
  • 教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJC820050)
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2026年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508318
  • 接收时间:2025-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-19
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国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017)
教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJC820050)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.五莲县街头镇中心卫生院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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