Article(id=1324077984717611398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614391736, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614391736, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614391736, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614391736, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077868950631142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614364134, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614446224, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078213328142371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078213332336676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=602, endPage=607, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077984960881031, articleId=1324077984717611398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of stroke risk factors and construction of a nomogram model based on LASSO-Logistic regression in elderly hypertensive patients in the Fanjing Mountain region, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the risk factors of stroke in hypertension patients and construct nomogram based on the survey data of elderly health in Fanjingshan area, and to provide reference for stroke risk prevention and control in this area.

Methods

In 2025, proportional sampling method will be adopted to select elderly residents aged ≥65 years old and living locally for ≥6 months to carry out health survey. LASSO-Logistic regression was used to screen stroke risk factors in elderly hypertensive patients to construct nomograms. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration curves, Brier values, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the model. The robustness of the model was evaluated by repeated ten-fold cross validation.

Results

A total of 1 670 hypertensive patients were enrolled, of whom 245 had stroke. LASSO-Logistic regression analysis showed that impaired instrumental ability of daily living (IADL), waist circumference, average monthly income <3 000 yuan, tea drinking, sleep duration>8 hours, heart disease, self-rated health as average, alcohol abstinence were risk factors for stroke, and age ≥85 years old and alcohol consumption were protective factors. The model discriminated well (AUC=0.735), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test) statistic was 8.749 (P=0.364), and the Brier value was 0.112, suggesting that the model was well calibrated; DCA indicated that the model had a clinical net benefit within the specified risk threshold range; repeated 10-fold cross validation results further confirmed its robustness.

Conclusion

The nomogram model can be used as an effective tool to assess stroke risk in elderly hypertensive population and formulate individualized prevention and intervention strategies.

, authors=Na WANG1, Feng HONG1, Meng-meng ZHOU2, Si-nian LV2, Wei-zhong WANG2, Biao DAI2, Jun HU1, Yu-jie TIAN1, Da-fei REN1, 2, authorsList=Na WANG, Feng HONG, Meng-meng ZHOU, Si-nian LV, Wei-zhong WANG, Biao DAI, Jun HU, Yu-jie TIAN, Da-fei REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Da-fei REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077988219855252, articleId=1324077984717611398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于LASSO-Logistic回归的梵净山老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因素分析及列线图模型构建, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于梵净山区域老年人健康调查数据,识别高血压患者脑卒中发生的风险因素并构建列线图,为该区域脑卒中风险防控提供参考。

方法

于2025年采用概率比例抽样方法,随机选取梵净山区域≥65岁老年人实施健康调查。利用LASSO-Logistic回归筛选老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因子以构建列线图,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、校准曲线、Brier值及决策曲线分析(DCA)评估模型的区分度、校准度和临床实用性;通过重复十折交叉验证评估模型稳健性。

结果

共纳入1 670例高血压患者,其中脑卒中245例。LASSO-Logistic回归分析显示,工具性日常生活能力(IADL)受损、腰围、人均月收入<3 000元、喝茶、睡眠时长>8小时、患心脏病、自评健康为一般、已戒酒为脑卒中发生的危险因素,年龄≥85岁、饮酒为其保护因素。模型区分度良好(AUC=0.735),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验(H-L检验)统计量为8.749(P=0.364),Brier值0.112,提示模型校准度理想;DCA表明模型在特定风险阈值范围内具有临床净收益;重复十折交叉验证结果进一步证实其稳健性。

结论

该列线图模型可作为评估老年高血压人群中脑卒中发生风险、制定个体化预防干预策略的有效工具。

, authors=王娜1, 洪峰1, 周萌萌2, 吕思念2, 王伟忠2, 代彪2, 胡君1, 田玉洁1, 任达飞1, 2, authorsList=王娜, 洪峰, 周萌萌, 吕思念, 王伟忠, 代彪, 胡君, 田玉洁, 任达飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=任达飞, authorNote=

王娜(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

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任达飞,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EqUn1Hf1ANHNTG53Q55rWA==, magXml=AXcfjqX/QyJ2w+Nh8EyI3Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oO3lg2nz4u7lgMPlssBFhg==, pdfFileSize=1555828, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Qvx5KQSaCg7/XBZeXXCVHg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=unl/uM8DwWI/3KxMSQSFEQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324077988609925531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324077988698005917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, authorId=1324077988609925531, language=EN, stringName=Na WANG, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324077988832223646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, authorId=1324077988609925531, language=CN, stringName=王娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113, bio={"content":"

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International Journal of Stroke, 2024, 19(9): 1053-1063., articleTitle=Tea and coffee consumption and risk of acute stroke: The INTERSTROKE Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077999204737537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Gao N, Ni M, Song JW, journalName=Front Nutr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao N, Ni M, Song JW, et al. Causal relationship between tea intake and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study[J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9: 938201., articleTitle=Causal relationship between tea intake and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077999280235010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=84, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Takahashi MKN, Paradela RS, Grinberg LT, journalName=Neurobiology of Aging, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Takahashi MKN, Paradela RS, Grinberg LT, et al. Hypertension May associate with cerebral small vessel disease and infarcts through the pathway of intracranial atherosclerosis[J]. 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Stroke, 2024, 55(7): 1940-1950., articleTitle=Hemodynamic stroke: emerging concepts, risk estimation, and treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077999448007172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=513, pageEnd=519, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Cong XF, Liu SB, Ma JX, journalName=Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cong XF, Liu SB, Ma JX, et al. Association between self-rated health status and risk of stroke in Chinese adults: a prospective study[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2021, 42(3): 513-519., articleTitle=Association between self-rated health status and risk of stroke in Chinese adults: a prospective study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077995060765154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, awardId=铜市科研〔2024〕29号, language=CN, fundingSource=铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2024〕29号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077988446347669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077988454736278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, companyId=1324077988446347669, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077988463124887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, companyId=1324077988446347669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077988534428056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077988538622361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, companyId=1324077988534428056, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州省铜仁市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077993613730258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=LASSO regression model screening variables, figureFileSmall=UaIlUv+icw8MinwcEcJu7g==, figureFileBig=Qvx5KQSaCg7/XBZeXXCVHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077993714393555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=图1, caption=LASSO回归模型筛选变量

注:A为回归系数路线图;B为回归交叉验证曲线。

, figureFileSmall=UaIlUv+icw8MinwcEcJu7g==, figureFileBig=Qvx5KQSaCg7/XBZeXXCVHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077993907331540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Nomogram for stroke risk assessment, figureFileSmall=Et2Qunr/eBZTJB1+6a9z0A==, figureFileBig=5OXRKw9lq4Ik74o30OMaxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077993974440405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=图2, caption=脑卒中风险评估列线图, figureFileSmall=Et2Qunr/eBZTJB1+6a9z0A==, figureFileBig=5OXRKw9lq4Ik74o30OMaxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994037354966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=ROC curve of the nomogram model, figureFileSmall=eakBic7l2htLC/ptPQSSXQ==, figureFileBig=ARm2sJZ74rFmS6K5vodJDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994104463831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模型ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=eakBic7l2htLC/ptPQSSXQ==, figureFileBig=ARm2sJZ74rFmS6K5vodJDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994179961304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Calibration curve of the nomogram model, figureFileSmall=IEGBf/RIamm6SBn5/fAPLg==, figureFileBig=m4+ZBTYWKxMRWID1J8IMoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994255458777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型校准曲线, figureFileSmall=IEGBf/RIamm6SBn5/fAPLg==, figureFileBig=m4+ZBTYWKxMRWID1J8IMoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994335150554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=DCA curve of the nomogram model, figureFileSmall=NA7mJFCGcbmfDi+SArt1FQ==, figureFileBig=k0etfFF8FVjbMKJaL0WTtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994427425243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模型DAC曲线, figureFileSmall=NA7mJFCGcbmfDi+SArt1FQ==, figureFileBig=k0etfFF8FVjbMKJaL0WTtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077994544865756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics of stroke and non-stroke groups[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项总样本脑卒中组
(n=245)
非脑卒中组
(n=1 425)
χ2/Z值P值
性别男764113(46.12)651(45.68)0.0160.899
女906132(53.88)774(54.32)
民族汉族73495(38.78)639(44.84)3.1230.077
非汉族936150(61.22)786(55.16)
学历初中及以上9615(6.12)81(5.68)0.0740.785
小学及以下1 574230(93.88)1 344(94.32)
人均月收入(元)≥3 0001079(3.67)98(6.88)3.5780.059
3 0001 563236(96.33)1 327(93.12)
居住情况和亲友居住1 342202(82.45)1 140(80.00)0.7940.373
独自居住32843(17.55)285(20.00)
空巢情况非空巢60099(40.41)501(35.16)2.5030.114
空巢1 070146(59.59)924(64.84)
吸烟从未吸烟957139(56.73)818(57.40)6.0260.049
吸烟50664(26.12)442(31.02)
已戒烟20742(17.14)165(11.58)
饮酒从未饮酒963134(54.69)829(58.18)25.714<0.001
饮酒35933(13.47)326(22.88)
已戒酒34878(51.05)270(18.95)
喝茶是590102(41.63)488(34.25)4.9930.025
否1 080143(58.37)937(65.75)
午休是46588(35.92)377(26.46)9.3160.002
否1 205157(64.08)1 048(73.54)
睡眠时长(小时)<755275(30.61)477(33.47)37.188<0.001
7~861558(23.67)557(39.09)
>8503112(45.71)391(27.44)
饮食均衡是59988(35.92)511(35.86)0.0000.986
否1 071157(64.08)914(64.14)
嗜盐是21530(12.24)185(12.98)0.1010.750
否1 455215(87.76)1 240(87.02)
超重或肥胖是54887(35.51)461(32.35)0.9460.331
否1 122158(64.49)964(67.65)
抑郁是876143(58.37)733(51.44)4.0240.045
否794102(41.63)692(48.56)
自评健康好75179(32.24)672(47.16)22.814<0.001
一般652108(44.08)544(38.18)
不好26758(23.67)209(14.67)
年龄(岁)65~7475991(37.14)668(46.88)8.8510.012
75~84759132(53.88)627(44.00)
≥8515222(8.98)130(9.12)
糖尿病是1 409196(80.00)1 213(85.12)4.1610.041
否26149(20.00)212(14.88)
心脏病是1 479199(81.22)1 280(89.82)15.265<0.001
否19146(18.78)145(10.18)
IADL评分10.00(8.00,14.00)10.00(8.00,13.00)13.00(10.00,17.00)112 137.000<0.001
PADL评分6.00(6.00,7.00)6.00(6.00,6.00)6.00(6.00,6.00)140 021.500<0.001
腰围82.00(78.00,88.00)82.00(78.00,87.00)83.00(78.00,88..00)156 609.5000.010
), ArticleFig(id=1324077994641334749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

脑卒中组和非脑卒中组的一般特征[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素选项总样本脑卒中组
(n=245)
非脑卒中组
(n=1 425)
χ2/Z值P值
性别男764113(46.12)651(45.68)0.0160.899
女906132(53.88)774(54.32)
民族汉族73495(38.78)639(44.84)3.1230.077
非汉族936150(61.22)786(55.16)
学历初中及以上9615(6.12)81(5.68)0.0740.785
小学及以下1 574230(93.88)1 344(94.32)
人均月收入(元)≥3 0001079(3.67)98(6.88)3.5780.059
3 0001 563236(96.33)1 327(93.12)
居住情况和亲友居住1 342202(82.45)1 140(80.00)0.7940.373
独自居住32843(17.55)285(20.00)
空巢情况非空巢60099(40.41)501(35.16)2.5030.114
空巢1 070146(59.59)924(64.84)
吸烟从未吸烟957139(56.73)818(57.40)6.0260.049
吸烟50664(26.12)442(31.02)
已戒烟20742(17.14)165(11.58)
饮酒从未饮酒963134(54.69)829(58.18)25.714<0.001
饮酒35933(13.47)326(22.88)
已戒酒34878(51.05)270(18.95)
喝茶是590102(41.63)488(34.25)4.9930.025
否1 080143(58.37)937(65.75)
午休是46588(35.92)377(26.46)9.3160.002
否1 205157(64.08)1 048(73.54)
睡眠时长(小时)<755275(30.61)477(33.47)37.188<0.001
7~861558(23.67)557(39.09)
>8503112(45.71)391(27.44)
饮食均衡是59988(35.92)511(35.86)0.0000.986
否1 071157(64.08)914(64.14)
嗜盐是21530(12.24)185(12.98)0.1010.750
否1 455215(87.76)1 240(87.02)
超重或肥胖是54887(35.51)461(32.35)0.9460.331
否1 122158(64.49)964(67.65)
抑郁是876143(58.37)733(51.44)4.0240.045
否794102(41.63)692(48.56)
自评健康好75179(32.24)672(47.16)22.814<0.001
一般652108(44.08)544(38.18)
不好26758(23.67)209(14.67)
年龄(岁)65~7475991(37.14)668(46.88)8.8510.012
75~84759132(53.88)627(44.00)
≥8515222(8.98)130(9.12)
糖尿病是1 409196(80.00)1 213(85.12)4.1610.041
否26149(20.00)212(14.88)
心脏病是1 479199(81.22)1 280(89.82)15.265<0.001
否19146(18.78)145(10.18)
IADL评分10.00(8.00,14.00)10.00(8.00,13.00)13.00(10.00,17.00)112 137.000<0.001
PADL评分6.00(6.00,7.00)6.00(6.00,6.00)6.00(6.00,6.00)140 021.500<0.001
腰围82.00(78.00,88.00)82.00(78.00,87.00)83.00(78.00,88..00)156 609.5000.010
), ArticleFig(id=1324077994721026526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis results based on Lasso screening variables

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自变量选项βWald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
IADL评分0.1056.951<0.0011.111(1.079~1.144)
腰围0.0232.4640.0141.024(1.005~1.043)
均月收入(元)≥3 0001.000
<3 0000.8572.8100.0232.356(1.005~4.922)
饮酒从不饮酒1.000
饮酒-0.474-2.1800.0290.623(0.407~0.953)
已戒酒0.3962.3250.0201.486(1.064~2.075)
喝茶否1.000
是0.4022.5460.0111.494(1.097~2.040)
睡眠时长(小时)7~81.000
<70.3541.8180.0691.425(0.973~2.086)
>80.9625.219<0.0012.617(1.823~3.755)
心脏病否1.000
是0.5052.4950.0131.657(1.114~2.464)
自评健康好1.000
一般0.5803.0910.0021.679(1.114~2.464)
差0.1100.4870.6261.116(0.718~1.733)
年龄(岁)65~741.000
75~840.1430.8870.3751.153(0.842~1.580)
≥850.613-2.0910.0370.542(0.305~0.962)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077994788135391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于Lasso筛选变量的logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项βWald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
IADL评分0.1056.951<0.0011.111(1.079~1.144)
腰围0.0232.4640.0141.024(1.005~1.043)
均月收入(元)≥3 0001.000
<3 0000.8572.8100.0232.356(1.005~4.922)
饮酒从不饮酒1.000
饮酒-0.474-2.1800.0290.623(0.407~0.953)
已戒酒0.3962.3250.0201.486(1.064~2.075)
喝茶否1.000
是0.4022.5460.0111.494(1.097~2.040)
睡眠时长(小时)7~81.000
<70.3541.8180.0691.425(0.973~2.086)
>80.9625.219<0.0012.617(1.823~3.755)
心脏病否1.000
是0.5052.4950.0131.657(1.114~2.464)
自评健康好1.000
一般0.5803.0910.0021.679(1.114~2.464)
差0.1100.4870.6261.116(0.718~1.733)
年龄(岁)65~741.000
75~840.1430.8870.3751.153(0.842~1.580)
≥850.613-2.0910.0370.542(0.305~0.962)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077994855244256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of performance indexes of models under different validation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估纬度性能指标重复十折交叉验证结果()
区分能力AUC值0.705±0.057
分类性能灵敏度0.678±0.166
特异度0.691±0.167
校准性能校准斜率0.704±0.274
H-L检验P值0.360±0.295
预测精度Brier值0.116±0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1324077994947518945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077984717611398, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

重复十折交叉验证的模型性能评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估纬度性能指标重复十折交叉验证结果()
区分能力AUC值0.705±0.057
分类性能灵敏度0.678±0.166
特异度0.691±0.167
校准性能校准斜率0.704±0.274
H-L检验P值0.360±0.295
预测精度Brier值0.116±0.008
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基于LASSO-Logistic回归的梵净山老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因素分析及列线图模型构建
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王娜 1 , 洪峰 1 , 周萌萌 2 , 吕思念 2 , 王伟忠 2 , 代彪 2 , 胡君 1 , 田玉洁 1 , 任达飞 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(4): 602-607
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (4) : 602 -607
基于LASSO-Logistic回归的梵净山老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因素分析及列线图模型构建
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王娜1, 洪峰1, 周萌萌2, 吕思念2, 王伟忠2, 代彪2, 胡君1, 田玉洁1, 任达飞1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵州省铜仁市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
任达飞,E-mail:
作者简介:

王娜(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防与控制

Analysis of stroke risk factors and construction of a nomogram model based on LASSO-Logistic regression in elderly hypertensive patients in the Fanjing Mountain region
Na WANG1, Feng HONG1, Meng-meng ZHOU2, Si-nian LV2, Wei-zhong WANG2, Biao DAI2, Jun HU1, Yu-jie TIAN1, Da-fei REN1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509025
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目的

基于梵净山区域老年人健康调查数据,识别高血压患者脑卒中发生的风险因素并构建列线图,为该区域脑卒中风险防控提供参考。

方法

于2025年采用概率比例抽样方法,随机选取梵净山区域≥65岁老年人实施健康调查。利用LASSO-Logistic回归筛选老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因子以构建列线图,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、校准曲线、Brier值及决策曲线分析(DCA)评估模型的区分度、校准度和临床实用性;通过重复十折交叉验证评估模型稳健性。

结果

共纳入1 670例高血压患者,其中脑卒中245例。LASSO-Logistic回归分析显示,工具性日常生活能力(IADL)受损、腰围、人均月收入<3 000元、喝茶、睡眠时长>8小时、患心脏病、自评健康为一般、已戒酒为脑卒中发生的危险因素,年龄≥85岁、饮酒为其保护因素。模型区分度良好(AUC=0.735),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验(H-L检验)统计量为8.749(P=0.364),Brier值0.112,提示模型校准度理想;DCA表明模型在特定风险阈值范围内具有临床净收益;重复十折交叉验证结果进一步证实其稳健性。

结论

该列线图模型可作为评估老年高血压人群中脑卒中发生风险、制定个体化预防干预策略的有效工具。

老年人  /  高血压  /  脑卒中  /  LASSO回归  /  列线图
Objective

To identify the risk factors of stroke in hypertension patients and construct nomogram based on the survey data of elderly health in Fanjingshan area, and to provide reference for stroke risk prevention and control in this area.

Methods

In 2025, proportional sampling method will be adopted to select elderly residents aged ≥65 years old and living locally for ≥6 months to carry out health survey. LASSO-Logistic regression was used to screen stroke risk factors in elderly hypertensive patients to construct nomograms. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration curves, Brier values, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the model. The robustness of the model was evaluated by repeated ten-fold cross validation.

Results

A total of 1 670 hypertensive patients were enrolled, of whom 245 had stroke. LASSO-Logistic regression analysis showed that impaired instrumental ability of daily living (IADL), waist circumference, average monthly income <3 000 yuan, tea drinking, sleep duration>8 hours, heart disease, self-rated health as average, alcohol abstinence were risk factors for stroke, and age ≥85 years old and alcohol consumption were protective factors. The model discriminated well (AUC=0.735), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test) statistic was 8.749 (P=0.364), and the Brier value was 0.112, suggesting that the model was well calibrated; DCA indicated that the model had a clinical net benefit within the specified risk threshold range; repeated 10-fold cross validation results further confirmed its robustness.

Conclusion

The nomogram model can be used as an effective tool to assess stroke risk in elderly hypertensive population and formulate individualized prevention and intervention strategies.

Old people  /  Hypertension  /  Stroke  /  Lasso regression  /  Nomogram
王娜, 洪峰, 周萌萌, 吕思念, 王伟忠, 代彪, 胡君, 田玉洁, 任达飞. 基于LASSO-Logistic回归的梵净山老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险因素分析及列线图模型构建. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (4) : 602 -607 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509025
Na WANG, Feng HONG, Meng-meng ZHOU, Si-nian LV, Wei-zhong WANG, Biao DAI, Jun HU, Yu-jie TIAN, Da-fei REN. Analysis of stroke risk factors and construction of a nomogram model based on LASSO-Logistic regression in elderly hypertensive patients in the Fanjing Mountain region[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (4) : 602 -607 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509025
脑卒中是我国成人残疾与死亡的首要病因[1]。伴随人口结构老龄化,我国脑卒中的发病率、患病率及死亡率均随年龄增长而升高[2]。高血压与脑卒中关系密切:它既是我国居民发生脑卒中的主要危险因素[3],也是脑卒中患者中最核心的共病组分[4-5]。因此,在高血压人群中早期识别脑卒中高危个体并实施有效干预至关重要。然而,现有研究多聚焦平原地区或住院人群的脑卒中风险分析,鲜少关注山区村落群体[6]。梵净山区域地处武陵山脉,多山地形与交通不便限制了居民(尤其是散在村落居民)的医疗可及性,同时,当地≥60岁老年人口占比达17.63%[7-8],“空心化”问题突出。这种地理与人口结构的叠加效应,可能使得该地区在高血压管理与脑卒中防控方面面临更为严峻的挑战。而列线图(Nomogram)作为直观的可视化工具,可将模型中的多个变量整合为易懂的风险评估体系,其效能通常优于传统模型,已被广泛应用于公共卫生领域。因此,本研究拟通过调查该区域≥65岁老年高血压患者,以LASSO-Logistic回归筛选变量并构建列线图模型,旨在为该区域及同类山区的基层医疗单位提供科学、实用的脑卒中风险防控依据。
本研究基于“2025年铜仁市梵净山区域老年人群健康调查”的横断面数据进行二次分析。该调查采用概率比例抽样法,以各村≥65岁老年人口数量作为规模指标,从该区域45个行政村中随机抽取调查对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥65岁;(2)在当地居住时间≥6个月;(3)依从性较好,自愿参与研究项目,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)因中途拒绝继续参与导致关键变量数据缺失者;(2)因严重躯体或精神疾病不能正常交流者。最终共纳入有效样本3 189人,其中1 670名经诊断的高血压患者(患病率52.36%)构成了本研究的最终分析对象。本研究经贵州省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审核批准(批号:W2023-06)。
通过问卷调查和自我报告的方式收集居民相关资料,包括:(1)性别、年龄等个人基本情况;(2)生活行为方式(吸烟/饮酒/睡眠等);(3)膳食营养情况;(4)日常生活能力;(5)糖尿病、心脏病患病情况;(6)体格检查(身高/体重/腰围)等6个部分内容。
主要用于评估个体的日常生活自理能力,该量表共14个条目,分为两个维度:一是躯体性日常生活能力(Physical Activities of Daily Living, PADL),含进食、行走、穿衣、梳洗、沐浴、如厕等8项基本功能;二是工具性日常生活能力(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, IADL),含烹饪、做家务、洗衣物、购物、打电话、交通出行、服药和财务管理等6项复杂功能。各项目按等级评分,“完全可以”、“有些困难”、“需要帮助”、“根本无法做”分别赋1~4分,量表总分与日常生活自理能力呈负相关,即得分越高,自理能力越差。该量表Cronbach α为0.891。
所有参与体检的工作人员均通过统一培训与考核,使用经校准的仪器设备测量身高、腰围及体重,最小记录单位分别为0.1 cm、0.1 kg。体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)的平方。
(1)脑卒中:参照《中国各类主要脑血管病诊断要点》[10],以“贵州省智慧疾控云平台-心脑血管事件监测系统”的记录为依据;对于平台未记录但患者自述的病例,则需核查二级及以上医疗机构的、包含影像学检查支持的病历记录予以最终确认。(2)高血压:收缩压(Systolic Blood Pressure,SBP)≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压(Diastolic Blood Pressure,DBP)≥90 mmHg[11];或研究对象自报有高血压疾病史,目前正在服药。(3)超重肥胖:24.0≤BMI<28 kg/m2为超重、BMI≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖[12]。(4)糖尿病/心脏病:患者自述经二级及以上医疗机构诊断,并综合市级疾病监测系统及用药史进行核实。(5)睡眠时长:指研究对象“过去一个月内,平均每日实际睡眠时长”,含午睡时长,其范围为0至24小时。(6)自评健康:为非常好、好、一般、差、非常差五个等级,本研究为好(非常好/好)、一般、差(非常差/差)三个等级。
采用SPSS 27.0和R 4.5.1进行数据整理与分析。定量数据以[M(P25,P75)]描述,组间差异根据数据正态性与方差齐性选用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;定性数据以n(%)表示,组间差异采用χ2检验。基于全部数据集,首先通过LASSO回归筛选预测变量,随后将筛出的变量纳入logistic回归并绘制列线图使模型结果可视化。模型性能评估包括:采用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve,ROC)评估区分能力;通过绘制校准曲线、计算Brier值及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验(H-L检验)评估校准度;决策曲线分析(Decision Curve Analysis,DCA)用于评估模型的临床净收益;为评价模型稳定性,采用重复十折交叉验证(重复10次)进行内部验证。检验水平α=0.05。
本研究共纳入1 670例老年高血压患者,其中脑卒中组245人(14.67%),男性113人,女性132人,年龄中位数为77(72,81)岁;非脑卒中组1 425人(85.33%),男性651人,女性774人,年龄中位数为75(71,80)岁。两组在吸烟、饮酒、喝茶、午休、睡眠时长、抑郁、自评健康、年龄、糖尿病、心脏病、IADL评分、PADL评分和腰围等方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。见表1。
为处理变量间的多重共线性,同时避免遗漏重要变量,将22个初始自变量全部纳入LASSO回归模型,采用十折交叉验证确定最佳λ值,当取λmin=0.005 499时,交叉验证损失最小,模型拟合效果最佳。结果得IADL评分、腰围、人均月收入、饮酒、喝茶、睡眠时长、心脏病、自评健康、年龄、糖尿病、PADL评分、午觉、吸烟等13个变量与脑卒中发生风险相关。各变量随λ值变化情况见图1。
进一步经logistic回归分析显示,IADL受损、腰围、人均月收入<3 000元、喝茶、睡眠时长>8小时、患心脏病、自评健康为一般、已戒酒是脑卒中发生的危险因素,饮酒、年龄≥85岁是其保护因素,见表2。
基于上述9个预测变量,应用R语言构建列线图模型。在该模型中,依据各变量取值于顶部刻度线作垂直线,可获取相应评分。各项评分累加得到总分,并对应至底部风险刻度,总评分越高,脑卒中发生风险越大,见图2。
模型AUC为0.735(95% CI:0.702~0.768),提示模型具备良好的区分能力。以约登指数最大值确定的最佳阈值下,模型的敏感度和特异度分别为0.824和0.515。模型校准曲线斜率为1.024,H-L检验统计量为8.749(P=0.364),Brier值为0.112,表明模型估计的风险值与实际风险具有良好的一致性,校准能力整体可靠,见图3~4。DAC曲线分析显示,在0.02~0.40风险阈值内,应用本模型均具有临床净收益,见图5。
重复十折交叉验证结果显示,模型具有中等且稳定的区分能力,其预测概率存在轻度收缩,但整体预测误差小,提示模型在不同数据子集上表现稳健,见表3。
随着人口老龄化加剧,我国脑卒中疾病负担日益严峻。在此背景下,针对梵净山等医疗资源匮乏的山区,构建本地化的风险评估工具、对推动脑卒中防控精准化具有重要意义。
既往研究显示,ADL受损老年人脑卒中发生风险为正常人群的1.326倍[13],且高血压合并IADL受损在老年人群中存在风险累积效应[14]。本分析与之相符,进一步证实IADL受损是老年高血压患者脑卒中发生的独立风险因素。IADL受损通常与高龄、低文化程度有关[15],而本地“高空巢率”(64.07%)可能进一步减少老年人的照护支持与功能锻炼,叠加本地“低文化水平”的影响,使得该风险效应更为凸显。此外,本研究发现,腰围与该人群的脑卒中风险独立相关,提示老年高血压患者需关注腹型肥胖的管理。有研究指出,睡眠时长与脑卒中发生风险呈U形分布[16]。本研究进一步发现,老年高血压人群中睡眠时长>8小时会显著增加脑卒中发生风险(OR=2.617),可能与过长睡眠诱发慢性炎症、增加动脉僵硬度,进而与高血压固有血管病变产生协同效应有关[17]。
与既往研究结果不一致[1],本研究中饮酒是高血压患者患脑卒中发生的保护因素,已戒酒是其危险因素,这可能受“健康饮酒者偏倚”及“因病戒酒”现象的影响。同时,本研究发现,年龄≥85岁是高血压患者脑卒中发生的保护因素。这可能与该人群为自然选择后的低衰弱幸存者有关,衰弱对心血管疾病和脑卒中发生风险的影响在年轻老年组(<80岁)中远高于高龄组(≥80岁)[18],高龄幸存者的生理储备功能更能耐受高血压相关的血管损伤。此外,与普通人群研究相反[19],饮茶可增加高血压患者脑卒中发生风险。既往研究提示,高血压可能是“饮茶-降卒中风险”中的潜在中介[20],而本研究对象血压调控机制已受损且可能伴血管基础病变,茶中咖啡因等引发的血压波动超过茶多酚的保护作用,最终导致风险升高。
本研究发现,合并心脏病的老年高血压患者脑卒中发生风险是单纯高血压患者的1.774倍,这可能源于二者机制叠加:高血压可直接损害脑血管,且通过加速颅内动脉粥样硬化加重脑血管病变[21],心脏病则通过心源性栓塞与慢性脑灌注不足直接诱发卒中[22]。二者相互影响,形成恶性循环,显著提升卒中风险。基于此,建议基层村医随访时,用便携式心电图对老年高血压患者开展常规心脏筛查,以尽早识别高危个体。
此外,有研究表明,在普通人群中,自评健康“差”者脑卒中发生风险较“非常好”者显著增加[23]。而本研究指出,在老年高血压这一高危人群中,自评健康“一般”者风险较“好”者增加67.9%,鉴于该人群生理基础脆弱,其风险预警阈值应更低。因此,患者“感觉一般”可能掩盖真实风险,即使其血压达标也需强化监测。
综上所述,本研究基于梵净山区域老年高血压人群,通过LASSO-Logistic回归构建的脑卒中发生风险评估列线图,经内部验证显示具有良好的区分度与校准度,且决策曲线分析显示出有意义的临床净收益,将复杂风险量化为直观工具,为基层快速筛查并早期发现脑卒中患者提供了实用价值。但本研究仍存在以下局限:一是横断面设计限制了因果推断;二是本模型仅经过内部验证,缺乏外部数据评估其泛化能力;三是纳入变量尚不全面,未包含卒中家族史、体力活动、高血压病程等重要因素[1]。未来研究应通过前瞻性队列设计,纳入更多潜在风险变量,并开展多中心研究以验证模型泛化能力,以构建和验证更具临床预测价值的脑卒中风险评估工具。
  • 铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2024〕29号)
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2026年第53卷第4期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509025
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
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铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2024〕29号)
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵州省铜仁市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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