Article(id=1324077933278658644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508364, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755792000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614379472, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614379472, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614379472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614379472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=935, endPage=940, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077933756809301, articleId=1324077933278658644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mortality and disease burden among the residents in the chronic disease demonstration areas of Jinan, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the health status of residents in the chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas, and provide empirical evidence for optimizing chronic disease control and prevention strategies.

Methods

Three demonstration areas established before 2014 in Jinan were selected as the research subjects, and three districts/counties without established demonstration areas were chosen as the control group for comparison. Death registration data of the registered population from 2013 to 2023 were collected, and SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. For the first time, this study integrated healthy-adjusted life expectancy(HALE), age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), years of life lost(YLL) rate, and premature death probability with the construction of demonstration areas. Using Joinpoint regression models,the average annual percentage change(AAPC) was calculated to compare the trends between the demonstration and non-demonstration areas.

Results

From 2013 to 2023, the HALE of residents in the demonstration areas increased from 69.20 years to 71.32 years, with an average annual increase of 0.32% (P<0.05). The ASMR decreased by an average of 1.96% per year (P<0.05). The YLL rate declined by an average of 0.92% annually (P<0.05). The premature death probability was reduced by an average of 2.22% each year (P<0.05). Among the major diseases, the ASMR, YLL rate and premature death probability of the four major malignant tumors (lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among the residents in the demonstration areas all showed a downward trend. For ischemic heart disease(IHD), the four major malignant tumors, and COPD, the rate of decline in the premature death probability among residents in the demonstration areas was not only faster than the decline in their ASMR, but also significantly exceeded the rate of decline in the premature death probability in the non-demonstration areas. However, there was no significant downward trend in the ASMR and YLL rate for IHD, the YLL rate and premature death probability for cerebral infarction(CI), and none of the indicators for respiratory infections showed a clear declining trend.

Conclusion

The construction of the demonstration areas in Jinan has achieved remarkable results, especially in the prevention and control of some malignant tumors and COPD. The working-age population has benefited more. However, IHD, CI and respiratory infections will be the key points of control and prevention in the future.

, authors=Ying WANG, Jun ZHANG, Zi-yu WANG, Nan WANG, Xia MA, Qing-chang WANG, Xian-hui ZHANG, authorsList=Ying WANG, Jun ZHANG, Zi-yu WANG, Nan WANG, Xia MA, Qing-chang WANG, Xian-hui ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing-chang WANG, Xian-hui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077934838939734, articleId=1324077933278658644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=济南市慢性病示范区居民死亡水平及疾病负担分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评价慢性病综合防控示范区居民健康水平,为优化慢性病防控策略提供依据。

方法

选取济南市2014年前建成的三个示范区作为研究对象,并以三个未建成示范区的区县作为非示范区设为对照。收集2013—2023年户籍人口死亡登记数据,采用 SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。首次将健康期望寿命(healthy-adjusted life expectancy,HALE)、标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率及早死概率与示范区建设结合起来,采用joinpoint回归模型计算平均年度变化百分比,比较示范区与非示范区的趋势变化。

结果

2013—2023年示范区居民HALE由69.20岁升高到71.32岁,年均升高0.32%(P<0.05),全死因ASMR年均下降1.96%(P<0.05),YLL率年均下降0.92%(P<0.05),早死概率年均降低2.22%(P<0.05)。主要疾病中,示范区居民肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌四种主要恶性肿瘤,慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的ASMR、YLL率与早死概率均呈下降趋势。对于缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)、四种主要恶性肿瘤及COPD,示范区居民的早死概率下降速度不仅大于其ASMR的降幅,也明显超过非示范区早死概率的下降速度。然而,IHD的ASMR和YLL率, 脑梗死的YLL率和早死概率及呼吸系统感染各指标均未见明显下降趋势。

结论

济南市示范区建设成效显著,尤其在部分恶性肿瘤、COPD防控上表现突出。劳动年龄人群受益明显。IHD、脑梗死、呼吸系统感染等为防控重点。

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王莹(1978—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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王庆昌,E-mail:
张先慧,E-mail:
王庆昌与张先慧为共同通信作者
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on respiratory diseases and their interaction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077941520466061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, awardId=2023-公-2, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077941633712270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, awardId=2023-公-29, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-29), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077936369860695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077936378249304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, companyId=1324077936369860695, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077936390832217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, companyId=1324077936369860695, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077940954235015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

ASMR (/100 000) and trends of the major causes of death among the residents in the demonstration and non-demonstration areas of Jinan from 2013 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
ASMRAAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
ASMR
2023年
ASMR
ASMRAAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
ASMR
2023年
ASMR
IHD111.67-0.27(-1.78~1.27)109.0297.87146.01-0.77(-1.75~0.23)147.49134.64
脑梗死34.15-2.16a(-3.60~-0.70)34.7526.9639.89-3.54a(-5.51~-1.52)46.9433.37
肺癌33.24-2.77a(-4.26~-1.27)36.0227.0128.43-1.63(-4.98~1.84)25.8122.45
脑出血26.94-8.62a(-10.40~-6.82)45.8714.8224.81-7.78a(-9.03~-6.51)34.9016.73
胃癌18.12-4.61a(-5.56~-3.24)21.8614.3019.72-3.52a(-6.07~-0.91)19.3712.26
COPD17.95-7.82a(-10.06~-5.53)23.3912.4021.74-6.62a(-8.87~-4.32)31.8517.42
肝癌14.13-5.23a(-6.65~-3.80)18.1411.1315.85-4.30a(-7.14~-1.37)14.909.06
呼吸系统感染13.235.45(-1.65~13.06)7.2527.3514.469.25a(3.03~15.85)9.5734.65
道路交通事故10.84-5.44a(-7.46~-3.36)13.187.5511.55-5.92a(-8.14~-3.64)14.737.12
食道癌9.11-6.59a(-8.95~-4.18)10.985.4511.03-5.52a(-8.06~-2.91)12.456.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324077941033926792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2013—2023年济南市示范区和非示范区居民主要死因ASMR(/10万)及其变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
ASMRAAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
ASMR
2023年
ASMR
ASMRAAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
ASMR
2023年
ASMR
IHD111.67-0.27(-1.78~1.27)109.0297.87146.01-0.77(-1.75~0.23)147.49134.64
脑梗死34.15-2.16a(-3.60~-0.70)34.7526.9639.89-3.54a(-5.51~-1.52)46.9433.37
肺癌33.24-2.77a(-4.26~-1.27)36.0227.0128.43-1.63(-4.98~1.84)25.8122.45
脑出血26.94-8.62a(-10.40~-6.82)45.8714.8224.81-7.78a(-9.03~-6.51)34.9016.73
胃癌18.12-4.61a(-5.56~-3.24)21.8614.3019.72-3.52a(-6.07~-0.91)19.3712.26
COPD17.95-7.82a(-10.06~-5.53)23.3912.4021.74-6.62a(-8.87~-4.32)31.8517.42
肝癌14.13-5.23a(-6.65~-3.80)18.1411.1315.85-4.30a(-7.14~-1.37)14.909.06
呼吸系统感染13.235.45(-1.65~13.06)7.2527.3514.469.25a(3.03~15.85)9.5734.65
道路交通事故10.84-5.44a(-7.46~-3.36)13.187.5511.55-5.92a(-8.14~-3.64)14.737.12
食道癌9.11-6.59a(-8.95~-4.18)10.985.4511.03-5.52a(-8.06~-2.91)12.456.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324077941142978697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

YLL rate (‰) and trends of of the major causes of death among the residents in the demonstration and non-demonstration areas of Jinan from 2013 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
YLL率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
YLL率
2023年
YLL率
YLL率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
YLL率
2023年
YLL率
IHD30.220.59(-0.50~1.70)28.1429.9238.920.82a(0.12~1.54)35.9140.34
肺癌10.86-1.57a(-2.75~-0.37)10.959.509.32-0.44(-4.88~4.21)7.878.08
脑梗死9.130.29(-1.12~1.71)8.148.4310.83-1.26 (-3.19~0.72)11.7010.46
脑出血9.00-7.17a(-8.94~-5.37)14.415.518.19-6.40a(-7.45~-5.33)10.886.01
胃癌5.90-3.56a(-4.90~-2.20)6.925.156.61-1.97(-4.45~0.58)6.024.62
肝癌5.27-4.65a(-6.01~-3.26)6.584.325.88-3.10a(-5.85~-0.27)5.223.67
道路交通事故4.64-6.30a(-8.12~-4.46)6.003.204.92-6.22a(-8.35~-4.04)6.513.07
COPD4.41-6.53a(-8.97~-4.03)5.322.505.15-4.49a(-7.01~-1.90)6.934.78
呼吸系统感染3.347.25(-0.10~15.15)1.827.623.6811.16a(4.96~17.72)2.229.61
食道癌2.98-5.25 a(-7.47~-2.97)3.421.963.60-4.00a(-6.07~-1.88)3.812.42
), ArticleFig(id=1324077941231059082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2013—2023年济南市示范区和非示范区居民主要死因YLL率(‰)及其变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
YLL率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
YLL率
2023年
YLL率
YLL率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
YLL率
2023年
YLL率
IHD30.220.59(-0.50~1.70)28.1429.9238.920.82a(0.12~1.54)35.9140.34
肺癌10.86-1.57a(-2.75~-0.37)10.959.509.32-0.44(-4.88~4.21)7.878.08
脑梗死9.130.29(-1.12~1.71)8.148.4310.83-1.26 (-3.19~0.72)11.7010.46
脑出血9.00-7.17a(-8.94~-5.37)14.415.518.19-6.40a(-7.45~-5.33)10.886.01
胃癌5.90-3.56a(-4.90~-2.20)6.925.156.61-1.97(-4.45~0.58)6.024.62
肝癌5.27-4.65a(-6.01~-3.26)6.584.325.88-3.10a(-5.85~-0.27)5.223.67
道路交通事故4.64-6.30a(-8.12~-4.46)6.003.204.92-6.22a(-8.35~-4.04)6.513.07
COPD4.41-6.53a(-8.97~-4.03)5.322.505.15-4.49a(-7.01~-1.90)6.934.78
呼吸系统感染3.347.25(-0.10~15.15)1.827.623.6811.16a(4.96~17.72)2.229.61
食道癌2.98-5.25 a(-7.47~-2.97)3.421.963.60-4.00a(-6.07~-1.88)3.812.42
), ArticleFig(id=1324077941323333771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Premature death probability (%) and trends of the major causes of death among the residents in the demonstration and non-demonstration areas of Jinan from 2013 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
早死概率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
早死概率
2023年
早死概率
早死概率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
早死概率
2023年
早死概率
IHD3.26-1.89a(-3.34~-0.41)3.572.853.88-0.89(-2.04~0.28)3.773.60
肺癌1.70-3.35a(-5.10~-1.57)1.751.301.50-1.76(-4.85~1.43)1.301.05
脑出血1.17-7.04a(-8.19~-5.87)1.580.831.38-8.39a(-10.26~-6.48)2.290.75
胃癌1.04-6.29a(-7.89~-4.66)1.220.701.02-4.38a(-7.59~-1.0701.020.62
肝癌1.02-5.50a(-7.06~-3.92)1.160.700.94-3.88a(-6.58~-1.10)0.940.62
脑梗死0.96-1.66(-3.58~0.30)0.900.831.24-2.14(-4.58~0.36)1.471.37
道路交通事故0.63-3.75a(-5.72~-1.74)0.660.490.65-3.95a(-6.12~-1.73)0.770.46
食道癌0.48-7.62a(-9.98~-5.19)0.600.270.59-7.22a(-9.23~-5.16)0.700.35
COPD0.39-10.30a(-14.87~-5.48)0.480.180.36-7.82a(-10.37~-5.20)0.560.28
呼吸系统感染0.256.75(-0.32~14.31)0.170.510.2613.70a(7.48~20.29)0.130.64
), ArticleFig(id=1324077941407219852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077933278658644, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2013—2023年济南市示范区和非示范区居民主要死因早死概率(%)及其变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要疾病示范区非示范区
早死概率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
早死概率
2023年
早死概率
早死概率AAPC(%)(95%CI)2013年
早死概率
2023年
早死概率
IHD3.26-1.89a(-3.34~-0.41)3.572.853.88-0.89(-2.04~0.28)3.773.60
肺癌1.70-3.35a(-5.10~-1.57)1.751.301.50-1.76(-4.85~1.43)1.301.05
脑出血1.17-7.04a(-8.19~-5.87)1.580.831.38-8.39a(-10.26~-6.48)2.290.75
胃癌1.04-6.29a(-7.89~-4.66)1.220.701.02-4.38a(-7.59~-1.0701.020.62
肝癌1.02-5.50a(-7.06~-3.92)1.160.700.94-3.88a(-6.58~-1.10)0.940.62
脑梗死0.96-1.66(-3.58~0.30)0.900.831.24-2.14(-4.58~0.36)1.471.37
道路交通事故0.63-3.75a(-5.72~-1.74)0.660.490.65-3.95a(-6.12~-1.73)0.770.46
食道癌0.48-7.62a(-9.98~-5.19)0.600.270.59-7.22a(-9.23~-5.16)0.700.35
COPD0.39-10.30a(-14.87~-5.48)0.480.180.36-7.82a(-10.37~-5.20)0.560.28
呼吸系统感染0.256.75(-0.32~14.31)0.170.510.2613.70a(7.48~20.29)0.130.64
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济南市慢性病示范区居民死亡水平及疾病负担分析
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王莹 , 张军 , 王子瑜 , 王楠 , 马霞 , 王庆昌 , 张先慧
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(5): 935-940
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (5) : 935 -940
济南市慢性病示范区居民死亡水平及疾病负担分析
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王莹(1978—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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王莹(1978—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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王莹, 张军, 王子瑜, 王楠, 马霞, 王庆昌 , 张先慧
作者信息
  • 济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250001
通讯作者:
王庆昌,E-mail:
张先慧,E-mail:
王庆昌与张先慧为共同通信作者
作者简介:

王莹(1978—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

Mortality and disease burden among the residents in the chronic disease demonstration areas of Jinan
Ying WANG, Jun ZHANG, Zi-yu WANG, Nan WANG, Xia MA, Qing-chang WANG , Xian-hui ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508364
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目的

评价慢性病综合防控示范区居民健康水平,为优化慢性病防控策略提供依据。

方法

选取济南市2014年前建成的三个示范区作为研究对象,并以三个未建成示范区的区县作为非示范区设为对照。收集2013—2023年户籍人口死亡登记数据,采用 SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。首次将健康期望寿命(healthy-adjusted life expectancy,HALE)、标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率及早死概率与示范区建设结合起来,采用joinpoint回归模型计算平均年度变化百分比,比较示范区与非示范区的趋势变化。

结果

2013—2023年示范区居民HALE由69.20岁升高到71.32岁,年均升高0.32%(P<0.05),全死因ASMR年均下降1.96%(P<0.05),YLL率年均下降0.92%(P<0.05),早死概率年均降低2.22%(P<0.05)。主要疾病中,示范区居民肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌四种主要恶性肿瘤,慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的ASMR、YLL率与早死概率均呈下降趋势。对于缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)、四种主要恶性肿瘤及COPD,示范区居民的早死概率下降速度不仅大于其ASMR的降幅,也明显超过非示范区早死概率的下降速度。然而,IHD的ASMR和YLL率, 脑梗死的YLL率和早死概率及呼吸系统感染各指标均未见明显下降趋势。

结论

济南市示范区建设成效显著,尤其在部分恶性肿瘤、COPD防控上表现突出。劳动年龄人群受益明显。IHD、脑梗死、呼吸系统感染等为防控重点。

慢性病综合防控示范区  /  主要死因  /  标化死亡率  /  健康期望寿命  /  过早死亡损失寿命年
Objective

To evaluate the health status of residents in the chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas, and provide empirical evidence for optimizing chronic disease control and prevention strategies.

Methods

Three demonstration areas established before 2014 in Jinan were selected as the research subjects, and three districts/counties without established demonstration areas were chosen as the control group for comparison. Death registration data of the registered population from 2013 to 2023 were collected, and SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. For the first time, this study integrated healthy-adjusted life expectancy(HALE), age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), years of life lost(YLL) rate, and premature death probability with the construction of demonstration areas. Using Joinpoint regression models,the average annual percentage change(AAPC) was calculated to compare the trends between the demonstration and non-demonstration areas.

Results

From 2013 to 2023, the HALE of residents in the demonstration areas increased from 69.20 years to 71.32 years, with an average annual increase of 0.32% (P<0.05). The ASMR decreased by an average of 1.96% per year (P<0.05). The YLL rate declined by an average of 0.92% annually (P<0.05). The premature death probability was reduced by an average of 2.22% each year (P<0.05). Among the major diseases, the ASMR, YLL rate and premature death probability of the four major malignant tumors (lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among the residents in the demonstration areas all showed a downward trend. For ischemic heart disease(IHD), the four major malignant tumors, and COPD, the rate of decline in the premature death probability among residents in the demonstration areas was not only faster than the decline in their ASMR, but also significantly exceeded the rate of decline in the premature death probability in the non-demonstration areas. However, there was no significant downward trend in the ASMR and YLL rate for IHD, the YLL rate and premature death probability for cerebral infarction(CI), and none of the indicators for respiratory infections showed a clear declining trend.

Conclusion

The construction of the demonstration areas in Jinan has achieved remarkable results, especially in the prevention and control of some malignant tumors and COPD. The working-age population has benefited more. However, IHD, CI and respiratory infections will be the key points of control and prevention in the future.

Chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas  /  Major causes of death  /  Age standardized mortality rate  /  Health-adjusted life expectancy  /  Years of life lost
王莹, 张军, 王子瑜, 王楠, 马霞, 王庆昌, 张先慧. 济南市慢性病示范区居民死亡水平及疾病负担分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 935 -940 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508364
Ying WANG, Jun ZHANG, Zi-yu WANG, Nan WANG, Xia MA, Qing-chang WANG, Xian-hui ZHANG. Mortality and disease burden among the residents in the chronic disease demonstration areas of Jinan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 935 -940 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508364
慢性病已成为我国突出的重大公共卫生问题,其导致的死亡占居民总死亡的88%,造成的疾病负担占总疾病负担比重超70%[1]。为应对这一严峻健康威胁,原卫生部于2010年启动慢性病综合防控示范区(简称“示范区”)建设工作[2],逐步构建起具有中国特色的慢性病管理模式。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确提出,要实施慢性病综合防控战略,加强国家慢性病综合防控示范区建设[3]。现有证据表明,示范区是推进慢性病防控的有效载体[4]。济南市是山东省省会,人口951万,自2010年起持续推进示范区建设,其经验对我国大中城市具有重要借鉴意义。本研究选取该市最早建成的三个示范区,并以三个未建成示范区的区县作为非示范区设为对照,基于2013—2023年共11个年度的死因监测数据开展对比分析。本研究有三项创新:一是首次整合健康期望寿命(health-adjusted life expectancy,HALE)、标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率与早死概率等多维度指标;二是建成11年跨度的同类最新数据库;三是通过横向比较与趋势分析相结合的方式,系统评估政策的长期效应。本研究旨在优化慢性病防控策略、提升群众健康水平,为示范区建设及重点防控工作提供科学依据,从而为“健康中国”战略的实施提供支撑。
死亡数据来源于2013年1月1日—2023年12月31日济南市户籍人口死亡登记资料,由各医疗卫生机构通过中国疾病预防控制中心“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”规范上报。其中,纳入分析的是2014年以前建成的三个示范区(槐荫区,2011年[5];市中区,2013年;章丘区,2014年[6]),天桥区、长清区和商河县三个非示范区设为对照。济南市其他区县分别于2018—2023年陆续创建示范区,因创建时间较晚、时间跨度较大未纳入分析。人口数据由济南市公安局户籍管理部门提供。本研究已通过济南市疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会审批(济疾伦批[2023]039号)。
济南市自2010年起实施全人群死因登记报告工作。市、区两级疾控机构每年均对辖区死因报告单位进行督导和业务培训,定期开展年度死亡漏报调查,定期与公安、民政及妇幼保健系统进行死亡信息交换。2013—2023年监测数据显示,全市死因报告质量持续优良,填报准确率和报告及时率均≥95%,死因不明比例均≤5%。
所有死亡个案均按照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类(第十次修订本)》(ICD-10)确定根本死因及分类编码,按照中国疾病分类系统对疾病进行归类。用SPSS 20.0对数据进行分析,统计指标包括死亡率、HALE、ASMR、YLL率、早死概率等。利用2010年全国人口普查数据ASMR。疾病负担指标采用YLL率[7],根据GBD2019提供的标准寿命表[8]计算。应用第4版沙利文法,结合不同年龄人群的伤残损失寿命年[9]测算HALE[10]。早死概率通常用于评估 30 岁及以上人群在达到70岁之前死亡的概率[11],根据世界卫生组织推荐的寿命表法[12]计算。使用joinpoint回归模型估算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI),用以描述指标的变化情况。检验水准α=0.05。
2013—2023年济南市示范区居民全死因ASMR由2013年的502.21/10万降至2023年的420.19/10万,年均下降1.96%(P<0.05),非示范区降速0.81%(P<0.05)。示范区居民的HALE由69.20岁升高到71.32岁,年均升高0.32%(P<0.05),非示范区年均升高0.17%(P<0.05)。全死因YLL率由145.37‰下降到137.21‰,年均下降0.92%(P<0.05),非示范区变化趋势不明显。全死因早死概率由16.87%降至14.03%,年均下降2.22%(P<0.05),非示范区年均下降1.90%(P<0.05)。以下从居民的主要死因做进一步分析。
2013—2023年济南市居民缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease ,IHD)、脑梗死、肺癌、脑出血、胃癌、慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)等疾病位列前10位死因,合计ASMR为297.53/10万,占总死因的67.65%。见表1。
在示范区,2013—2023年居民IHD的ASMR为111.67/10万,由2013年的109.02/10万降至2023年的97.87/10万,趋势无统计学意义。脑梗死的ASMR为34.15/10万(AAPC=-2.16%,P<0.05),脑出血的ASMR为26.94/10万(AAPC=-8.62%,P<0.05),两者均呈下降趋势。
主要癌种中,示范区居民胃癌、肝癌、食道癌、肺癌的ASMR分别为18.12/10万(AAPC=-4.61%,P<0.05)、14.13/10万(AAPC=-5.23%,P<0.05)、9.11/10万(AAPC=-6.59%,P<0.05)、33.24/10万(AAPC=-2.77%,P<0.05),均呈下降趋势。
示范区居民COPD、呼吸系统感染、道路交通事故的ASMR分别为17.95/10万(AAPC=-7.82%,P<0.05)、13.23/10万(AAPC=5.45%,P>0.05)、10.84/10万(AAPC=-5.44%,P<0.05)。
在非示范区,同期居民IHD和肺癌ASMR均未见明显变化趋势。脑梗死、脑出血、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌、COPD、道路交通事故的ASMR均呈下降趋势。呼吸系统感染ASMR呈上升趋势。
在示范区,居民IHD的YLL率为30.22‰,2013和2023年分别为28.14‰和29.92‰,期间变化趋势无统计学意义(AAPC=0.59%,P>0.05)。脑梗死的YLL率为9.13‰,2013年和2023年分别为8.14‰和8.43‰,变化趋势不显著(AAPC=0.29%,P>0.05)。脑出血的YLL率为9.00‰,呈明显下降趋势(AAPC=-7.17%,P<0.05)。见表2。
示范区居民肺癌(10.86‰,AAPC=-1.57%,P<0.05)、胃癌(5.90‰,AAPC=-3.56%,P<0.05)、肝癌(5.27‰,AAPC=-4.65%,P<0.05)和食道癌(2.98‰,AAPC=-5.25%,P<0.05)的YLL率均呈下降趋势。
示范区居民道路交通事故、COPD、呼吸系统感染YLL率分别为4.64‰(AAPC=-6.30%,P<0.05)、4.41‰(AAPC=-6.53%,P<0.05)、3.34‰(AAPC=7.25%,P>0.05)。
在非示范区,同期居民脑梗死、肺癌、胃癌YLL率均未见明显变化趋势。脑出血、肝癌、食道癌、道路交通事故、COPD的YLL率均呈下降趋势。IHD、呼吸系统感染YLL率均呈上升趋势。
2013—2023年示范区居民IHD早死概率为3.26%(AAPC=-1.89%,P<0.05)。脑出血为1.17%(AAPC=-7.04%,P<0.05),两者均呈下降趋势。脑梗死早死概率为0.96%,由2013年的0.90%降至2023年的0.83%,期间变化趋势不显著(AAPC=-1.66%,P>0.05)。见表3。
示范区居民肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌早死概率分别为1.70%(AAPC=-3.35%,P<0.05)、1.04%(AAPC=-6.29%,P<0.05)、1.02%(AAPC=-5.50%,P<0.05)、0.48%(AAPC=-7.62%,P<0.05),均呈下降趋势。
此外,示范区居民道路交通事故、COPD、呼吸系统感染早死概率分别为0.63%(AAPC=-3.75%,P<0.05)、0.39%(AAPC=-10.30%,P<0.05)、0.25%(AAPC=6.75%,P>0.05)。
在非示范区,同期居民IHD、肺癌、脑梗死早死概率均未见明显变化趋势。脑出血、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌、道路交通事故、COPD早死概率均呈下降趋势。呼吸系统感染早死概率呈上升趋势。
济南市示范区居民多项健康指标呈现积极趋势。通过构建“专业机构-基层医疗-社会力量”慢病防控网络,整合优质医疗资源(如槐荫区依托山东省肿瘤医院建立癌症筛查示范基地),并结合健康生活方式推广(如章丘区倡导低盐饮食)、医养结合与慢病防控一体化(如槐荫区推进省级医养结合示范街道建设)等多项措施,系统开展示范区建设工作。健康相关指标的变化特征如下。
一是健康期望寿命稳步提升。示范区居民HALE年均增长0.32%(P<0.05),同期非示范区HALE未呈现同等增长幅度,且示范区HALE水平高于同期山东省及全国平均水平[10]。这一变化与示范区居民ASMR、YLL率、早死概率的显著下降密切相关,提示示范区开展的健康相关实践与居民寿命延长及生命质量提高存在关联[13]。
二是主要疾病死亡率及疾病负担下降。脑出血的ASMR、YLL率均呈下降趋势,其下降态势与非示范区存在差异,且下降幅度大于同期国内其他地区报道水平[14-15]。这可能与示范区的慢性病管理体系及高血压等危险因素的早期干预相关[16]。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌四种主要恶性肿瘤的ASMR、YLL率均显著下降,这可能与示范区开展的癌症早筛早治及健康生活方式推广相关,但亦离不开同期全国性癌症防治体系建设、医疗诊断技术进步等宏观背景的支撑。其中,示范区肺癌ASMR、YLL率高于非示范区,但低于全国东部地区平均水平[17],且降幅较非示范区更为明显,展现出良好的防控趋势。提示在评估健康干预效果时,不仅要关注现况指标,更应重视趋势变化。示范区COPD的ASMR、YLL率均呈下降趋势,这可能与居民疾病防控意识提升、筛查诊断水平提高、随访及治疗规范度增强相关[18],同时也与同期呼吸系统疾病诊疗技术的普遍进步存在关联。示范区道路交通事故ASMR高于非示范区,但其YLL率更低,提示死亡人群的平均年龄较大,导致的寿命损失相对较小。这可能与交通安全教育及道路设施优化相关,但仍需进一步降低绝对风险。
三是早死概率呈现改善趋势。示范区居民IHD、四种主要恶性肿瘤和COPD的早死概率下降速度高于ASMR,且与非示范区的下降速度存在差异,这一变化特征与国内同类研究结果[19-20]相互印证。早死概率指活到30岁但不满70岁的死亡概率[21]。上述结果表明30~69岁劳动年龄人群在示范区建设中获益更大,这可能与示范区实施的针对性早期筛查、规范化治疗和健康促进等干预策略相关,但同时也可能受到社会经济条件改善、健康素养普遍提升等多种因素的综合作用影响。
部分疾病的防控仍存挑战:IHD的ASMR和YLL率、脑梗死的YLL率和早死概率均无明显下降,与国内研究结果一致[15,22]。这可能与人口老龄化加剧、代谢性危险因素持续流行及健康生活方式未充分改善有关[23]。需提高群众防范意识,完善医疗救治技术和急救医疗体系以降低疾病负担。呼吸系统感染的各指标亦无明显回落,除COVID-19疫情可能引发的持续性肺损伤、肺纤维化等后遗症之外[24],人口老龄化、大气污染等因素[25]也可能共同影响呼吸系统感染的发病与死亡,为后疫情时代优化示范区建设、提升群众健康水平提出了新课题。
济南市示范区在提升居民健康期望寿命、降低标化死亡率、早死概率及YLL率方面呈现出积极的变化趋势,尤其在部分恶性肿瘤和COPD防控方面成效明显,劳动年龄人群获益显著。未来需重点关注IHD、脑梗死及呼吸系统感染等疾病的防控工作。建议加强区域协作与经验共享,持续提升建设质量与效果。同时,本研究核心在于呈现示范区居民健康状况的现状与变化趋势。示范区与非示范区在健康指标上的差异及其改善,是多因素共同作用的结果,不能直接等同于示范区政策的净效应。这主要是由于方法学局限性:一是示范区与非示范区在基线社会经济水平、医疗资源配置、人口结构等方面可能存在固有差异,难以通过描述性对比消除;二是研究期间全省乃至全国的医改推进、公共卫生服务均等化、医疗技术进步等宏观因素,也可能对健康指标产生广泛影响。后续将采用合成双重差分法等更严谨的方法进一步验证结论。
  • 2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-2)
  • 2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-29)
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508364
  • 接收时间:2025-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22
基金
2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-2)
2023年济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-29)
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    济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250001

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王庆昌,E-mail:
张先慧,E-mail:
王庆昌与张先慧为共同通信作者
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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