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Article(id=1324077898646299545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509375, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614371215, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614371215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614371215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614371215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=891, endPage=895, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077902173709211, articleId=1324077898646299545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction of an evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program: a study based on the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a scientific and systematic evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program, addressing the current lack of standardized assessment tools for evaluating its effectiveness, and to provide a basis for objectively measuring and continuously improving the program.

Methods

An initial pool of items for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program was constructed using literature research, questionnaire surveys, and expert interviews. Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method to refine the indicator system based on expert feedback.The analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the weights of indicators at all levels.

Results

A comprehensive evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program was successfully established, consisting of 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators.

Conclusion

The construction process of this indicator system is scientific and reliable, demonstrating a high degree of expert consensus and consistency. It provides a practical and quantitative measurement tool for systematically evaluating the effectiveness of the Health Vice Principal Program, thereby promoting the standardization and high-quality development of school health work.

, authors=Shuang-feng FAN, Yuan-yuan AN, Jin-jie XIA, authorsList=Shuang-feng FAN, Yuan-yuan AN, Jin-jie XIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuang-feng FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077902966432668, articleId=1324077898646299545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建——基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建一套科学、系统的健康副校长工作运行指标体系，以解决当前对其工作成效缺乏标准化评估工具的问题，为客观衡量与持续改进健康副校长工作提供依据。

方法

运用文献研究、问卷调查、专家访谈等方法构建初始条目池，采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询，综合专家意见形成指标体系，运用层次分析法确定各层级指标的权重。

结果

最终构建一套包含5个一级指标、19个二级指标和57个三级指标的健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系。

结论

该指标体系构建过程科学、可靠，具有较高的专家共识度和一致性，能够为系统评估健康副校长工作成效提供一套实用、量化的测量工具，推动学校卫生工作的规范化与高质量发展。

, authors=范双凤, 安媛媛, 夏劲节, authorsList=范双凤, 安媛媛, 夏劲节, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=范双凤, authorNote=

范双凤（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：公共卫生与预防医学

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范双凤，E-mail:
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范双凤（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：公共卫生与预防医学

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Construction of the evaluation index system of health science popularization for social institutions: a delphi study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077909694096321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, awardId=2024023, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年成都市医学科研课题项目(2024023), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077903436194718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077903444583327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, companyId=1324077903436194718, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chengdu Institute of Health Supervision), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077903457166240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, companyId=1324077903436194718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=成都市疾病预防控制中心（成都市卫生监督所），四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077906942632889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Assignment table of expert judgment criteria for constructing the evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断依据对专家判断的影响程度（Ca）
大中小
实践经验0.50.40.3
理论分析0.30.20.1
国内外研究现状0.10.10.1
直觉0.10.10.1
合计1.00.80.6
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907034907578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建专家判断依据赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断依据对专家判断的影响程度（Ca）
大中小
实践经验0.50.40.3
理论分析0.30.20.1
国内外研究现状0.10.10.1
直觉0.10.10.1
合计1.00.80.6
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907114599355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristics of consulting experts involved in constructing the evaluation indicator system for the Health Vice Principal Program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组人数百分比（%）
年龄（岁）35～39450.0
40～44225.0
45～49225.0
学历本科337.5
硕士337.5
博士225.0
工作年限（年）1～10112.5
11～20562.5
21～30225.0
职业类别卫生技术人员675.0
高校老师225.0
职称中级225.0
副高级450.0
高级225.0
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907211068348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建咨询专家基本情况构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组人数百分比（%）
年龄（岁）35～39450.0
40～44225.0
45～49225.0
学历本科337.5
硕士337.5
博士225.0
工作年限（年）1～10112.5
11～20562.5
21～30225.0
职业类别卫生技术人员675.0
高校老师225.0
职称中级225.0
副高级450.0
高级225.0
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907336897469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Degree of expert coordination in the construction of the evaluation indicator system for the Health Vice Principal Program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专家咨询Kendall Wχ2值P值CV范围
第一轮0.228105.887<0.0010～0.21
第二轮0.280125.229<0.0010～0.17
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907462726590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建专家意见协调程度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专家咨询Kendall Wχ2值P值CV范围
第一轮0.228105.887<0.0010～0.21
第二轮0.280125.229<0.0010～0.17
), ArticleFig(id=1324077907542418367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077898646299545, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Evaluation indicators and their weights for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标权重二级指标权重三级指标权重
政策保障0.099政策体系0.541制定工作方案（明确职责分工、选聘标准与流程、退出机制等）0.339
制定“健康副校长”管理制度（选聘、培育、考评、激励、问责等）0.331
政策文件对卫健、教育、学校三方权责边界界定清晰0.331
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年度培训覆盖率0.198
参训人员对培训内容实用性的满意度0.198
制定并发放实用工作手册0.203
组织开展现场工作指导0.193
信息建设0.124建立并有效运行健康副校长人员管理平台0.312
建立并规范使用健康副校长工作电子台账0.330
建立卫健与教育系统信息共享机制并有效运行0.358
派出单位0.179制度支持0.286将“健康副校长”工作情况作为个人年度考核、晋职晋级、评优评先参考依据0.481
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协调支持0.143对健康副校长跨单位协调资源解决问题的支持0.520
派出单位领导定期听取健康副校长工作汇报并指导0.474
专业支持0.571为健康副校长提供专业支持（如专家库、资料库、疑难问题会商机制）1.000
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开展健康副校长相关工作时间占总工作时长比例0.280
基础任务0.346每月至少开展一次学校卫生工作指导0.093
每季度至少为学校上一次健康教育辅导课0.096
每学期至少召开一次与教师、学生或家长的座谈会或知识讲座0.102
按照学校的安排，每学年至少参加一次学校卫生工作相关行政例会0.107
每学年向学校提交一次工作计划和工作总结0.096
每年梳理一次学校卫生工作管理制度，并提出修改和完善建议0.099
建立并保持有效的学校沟通渠道0.104
对学校提出的卫生问题及时响应并参与解决0.107
有完整规范的工作记录（文字、照片等）0.099
结合学校情况，探索开展特色健康管理项目（体重管理、近视防控、口腔与骨骼健康等）0.096
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主导/参与推动解决的主要学校健康问题数量0.500
工作创新0.084创新工作形式（内容、方法、技术应用等）0.477
创新工作被推广或产生良好反响0.523
学校0.337组织与制度0.633建立并运行“健康副校长”对接与工作制度0.342
将“健康副校长”工作纳入学校年度工作计划0.325
每学期至少一次向当地教育部门报告本校卫生工作（含健康副校长工作）情况0.333
支持与配合0.175主动邀请健康副校长到校开展健康教育活动0.170
在校内积极宣传“健康副校长”工作0.165
主动邀请健康副校长参加学校相关工作会议（如卫生、安全）0.170
主动、清晰地向健康副校长提出健康需求与问题0.174
为健康副校长提供必要的工作条件（如办公室、设备）0.157
学校内部各部门（卫生室、德育处、教务处等）协同配合健康副校长工作0.165
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健康状况改善0.200学生近视检出率的变化趋势0.250
学生肥胖检出率的变化趋势0.257
学生龋齿检出率的变化趋势0.250
学生因病缺勤率变化趋势0.243
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重点教师（班主任、校医等）对健康副校长工作的满意度0.333
学生对健康教育课程/活动的满意度0.333
影响力0.082健康副校长工作模式或经验在区域内的影响力（示范、推广）1.000
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制定“健康副校长”管理制度（选聘、培育、考评、激励、问责等）0.331
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生均健康副校长工作经费投入0.345
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组织开展现场工作指导0.193
信息建设0.124建立并有效运行健康副校长人员管理平台0.312
建立并规范使用健康副校长工作电子台账0.330
建立卫健与教育系统信息共享机制并有效运行0.358
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派出单位领导定期听取健康副校长工作汇报并指导0.474
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每季度至少为学校上一次健康教育辅导课0.096
每学期至少召开一次与教师、学生或家长的座谈会或知识讲座0.102
按照学校的安排，每学年至少参加一次学校卫生工作相关行政例会0.107
每学年向学校提交一次工作计划和工作总结0.096
每年梳理一次学校卫生工作管理制度，并提出修改和完善建议0.099
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问题发现与解决0.346主导/参与识别的主要学校健康问题数量0.500
主导/参与推动解决的主要学校健康问题数量0.500
工作创新0.084创新工作形式（内容、方法、技术应用等）0.477
创新工作被推广或产生良好反响0.523
学校0.337组织与制度0.633建立并运行“健康副校长”对接与工作制度0.342
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支持与配合0.175主动邀请健康副校长到校开展健康教育活动0.170
在校内积极宣传“健康副校长”工作0.165
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资源整合0.192学校配套投入健康教育/卫生工作资源（经费、人力、设施）情况1.000
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学生因病缺勤率变化趋势0.243
受众反馈0.359重点教师（班主任、校医等）对健康副校长工作的知晓率0.333
重点教师（班主任、校医等）对健康副校长工作的满意度0.333
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影响力0.082健康副校长工作模式或经验在区域内的影响力（示范、推广）1.000
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健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建——基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的研究
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范双凤 , 安媛媛 , 夏劲节
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(5): 891-895
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (5) : 891 -895
健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建——基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的研究
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范双凤 , 安媛媛, 夏劲节
作者信息
  • 成都市疾病预防控制中心（成都市卫生监督所），四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
范双凤，E-mail:
作者简介:

范双凤（1983—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：公共卫生与预防医学

Construction of an evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program: a study based on the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process
Shuang-feng FAN , Yuan-yuan AN, Jin-jie XIA
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chengdu Institute of Health Supervision), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041,China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509375
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摘要
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目的

构建一套科学、系统的健康副校长工作运行指标体系，以解决当前对其工作成效缺乏标准化评估工具的问题，为客观衡量与持续改进健康副校长工作提供依据。

方法

运用文献研究、问卷调查、专家访谈等方法构建初始条目池，采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询，综合专家意见形成指标体系，运用层次分析法确定各层级指标的权重。

结果

最终构建一套包含5个一级指标、19个二级指标和57个三级指标的健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系。

结论

该指标体系构建过程科学、可靠，具有较高的专家共识度和一致性，能够为系统评估健康副校长工作成效提供一套实用、量化的测量工具，推动学校卫生工作的规范化与高质量发展。

健康副校长  /  评价指标体系  /  德尔菲法  /  层次分析法
Objective

To develop a scientific and systematic evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program, addressing the current lack of standardized assessment tools for evaluating its effectiveness, and to provide a basis for objectively measuring and continuously improving the program.

Methods

An initial pool of items for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program was constructed using literature research, questionnaire surveys, and expert interviews. Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method to refine the indicator system based on expert feedback.The analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the weights of indicators at all levels.

Results

A comprehensive evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program was successfully established, consisting of 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators.

Conclusion

The construction process of this indicator system is scientific and reliable, demonstrating a high degree of expert consensus and consistency. It provides a practical and quantitative measurement tool for systematically evaluating the effectiveness of the Health Vice Principal Program, thereby promoting the standardization and high-quality development of school health work.

Health Vice Principal  /  Evaluation indicator system  /  Delphi method  /  Analytic hierarchy process
范双凤, 安媛媛, 夏劲节. 健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系构建——基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 891 -895 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509375
Shuang-feng FAN, Yuan-yuan AN, Jin-jie XIA. Construction of an evaluation indicator system for the operation of the Health Vice Principal Program: a study based on the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 891 -895 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509375
正文
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成都市于2019年在全国首创“健康副校长”长效工作机制，由卫健部门选派医疗卫生专业人员担任，教育部门聘任，指导全市公办中小学（幼儿园）开展学校卫生工作，涵盖协助建立医校合作、开展健康教育和卫生指导，重点关注传染病防控、食品安全、饮用水及环境卫生等内容[1-2]。
2021年教育部、发展改革委等五部门联合印发《教育部等五部门关于全面加强和改进新时代学校卫生与健康教育工作的意见》，明确提出鼓励地方试点健康副校长模式[3]。当前已有浙江、广东、上海等多个省市开展了健康副校长工作，尽管目前已初步形成平稳运行模式，但健康副校长制度评价研究仍处于空白阶段，各地在政策保障、派出机构、开展效果等方面尚未建立关联性评估机制。国内外“医教协同”研究也多以医学人才教育为主要研究对象，针对卫生健康部门与教育部门沟通协作的相关研究较少，尤其缺乏针对“健康副校长”这一创新工作的评价体系。本研究通过政策文件分析，分层抽样对健康副校长、派出单位、学校调查资料的收集整理，以指标体系为框架，对“健康副校长”工作参与的多个主体提供考核工具，从而对地区整体工作运行量化评估，推动健康副校长制度的完善和发展，推进在更高层面对健康副校长制度的设立与推广，健全学校治理体系，不断完善学生健康权益保护机制。
1　步骤与方法
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1.1　条目池的拟定
1.1.1　文献研究
对近年来有关学校卫生工作、健康副校长、评价指标体系的政策文件、文献资料等进行检索与分析，包括学校卫生工作的政策要求、健康副校长的方案与评价、指标构建方法等内容，形成原始条目池。
1.1.2　问卷调查
查阅并参考医教融合、学校卫生等方向的政策文件及文献资料设计调查问卷，请成都市在任健康副校长线上填写并提交。根据问卷中工作开展效果评价及需求建议的回收结果调整原始条目池。
1.1.3　专家访谈
采用方便抽样的方法，选择10名获得过优秀称号的成都市健康副校长开展集体座谈会，收集其对健康副校长工作运行评价指标的选择及分类的意见建议，进一步对原始条目池进行补充修改，并对各个条目进行初步分类。
1.1.4　头脑风暴
本研究团队由公共卫生方向的7名专业技术人员组成，中级及以上技术人员有5名。团队采用线下圆桌会议的方式，结合专家访谈及对卫生和教育部门管理人员定性访谈资料，针对原始条目池各纳入指标进行充分讨论并记录，最终完成初步条目池的拟定。
1.2　德尔菲（Delphi）专家咨询
1.2.1　专家选择
德尔菲咨询所选专家的代表性与权威性决定了结果的可靠程度[4]，本次咨询的专家选择来源包括：（1）高等院校、专业公共卫生医疗机构从事学校卫生、儿少卫生相关专业；（2）从事相关专业工作年限在5年及以上；（3）专业技术职称为中级及以上。根据选择标准，最终纳入八名咨询专家。
1.2.2　咨询流程及内容
通过邮件向专家发放咨询问卷及意见调查表开展两轮咨询，主要包括各项指标重要性评价、专家基本信息收集以及指标体系构架的简要说明三个部分。第一轮问卷咨询内容是基于前期文献研究、专家座谈、头脑风暴初步构建的指标，第二轮问卷咨询内容是基于第一轮专家意见修改后的指标。
1.2.3　指标赋值与分析
（1）指标重要性：运用Likert 5级评分法将指标重要性分为五级[5]：很不重要、不重要、一般重要、重要、非常重要，并分别赋值为1、2、3、4、5。
（2）专家积极系数：以专家咨询问卷有效回收率表示，当回收率>70%可表明专家积极性高[6]。
（3）专家权威系数（Cr）：Cr=（Ca+Cs）/2；其中Cs为专家对问题熟悉程度[7]，按照很不熟悉、不熟悉、一般熟悉、熟悉、非常熟悉设为五级，并分别赋值为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0；Ca为专家判断依据，其赋值见表1。专家权威系数Cr≥0.70一般认为是研究咨询的可接受信度[8]。
（4）专家意见协调程度：通常用指标变异系数（coefficient of variation, CV，各指标的标准差/平均值）及肯德尔和谐系数（Kendall W）来表示。在本研究中，当CV≤25%时，认为专家对各单一指标的意见协调性较好，当Kendall W（取值范围0～1）数值越大且P<0.05时，则认为专家对整体指标意见协调程度越佳[9-10]。
1.3　层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process，AHP）
通过两轮专家咨询确定指标后，采用AHP确定各项指标的占比权重，即根据专家评分结果构建重要程度矩阵，利用Satty标度法对各层级指标进行1～9标度的赋值并计算各项指标的权重值，最后以一致性比率（consistency ratio, CR）<0.10为标准检验所构建矩阵的一致性情况[11-12]。
1.4　统计学分析
通过WPS 2019的电子表格进行德尔菲专家咨询的数据整理，计算专家积极系数、权威系数、变异系数等指标；运用RStudio软件计算专家协调系数Kendall W；最后通过WPS 2019的电子表格进行指标权重分析处理（CR<0.1）。
2　结果
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2.1　初始条目池确定
问卷内容包含健康副校长基础资料、工作开展效果以及需求建议，共计三个维度30个条目。最终共回收有效问卷1 570份，有效率98.6%，问卷Cronbach α系数为0.717，问卷效度KMO值为0.746，且Bartlett球形度检验P值小于0.001。通过问卷调查、专家访谈及头脑风暴结果分析整理发现，当前该项工作运行的难点与挑战主要包括缺乏明确责任划分机制、缺乏科学统一的评价体系与切实的奖惩机制、学校的参与度和支持力度不足以及专业水平高要求与工作精力高负荷的双重考验。据此制定出初始条目池，包含政策保障、派出单位、健康副校长、学校以及工作成效五个维度。
2.2　专家基本情况
本研究中八名咨询专家中具有十年以上相关工作经验的占87.5%，具有副高及以上职称的占75%，专家基本情况见表2。
2.3　专家可靠性分析
2.3.1　专家积极系数
两轮各发放咨询问卷8份，回收有效问卷均为100%，两轮专家积极系数均为100%，表明专家对本次研究均有高度的积极性。
2.3.2　专家权威系数
根据咨询问卷结果，咨询专家的Ca为0.93，Cs为0.65，Cr为0.79，表明本研究中专家权威性良好。
2.3.3　专家协调系数
第一轮专家咨询的Kendall W为0.228，P<0.001，变异系数CV范围为0～0.21；第二轮专家咨询的Kendall W为0.280，P均<0.001，变异系数CV范围为0～0.17；可见本研究中专家意见协调程度较高，且第二轮较第一轮有所提升。见表3。
2.4　指标及权重确定
为确保指标筛选科学性，研究设定指标的选择需同时满足两个条件，即指标重要性评分均值≥3.5且变异系数≤25%。第一轮专家咨询共计包含5个一级指标、16个二级指标、59个三级指标，根据设定条件以及专家补充意见，删除“开展培训次数”“培训总课时”“培训合格率”三项指标，并将指标调整为“参加培训课时占应培训总课时的比例”。第二轮专家咨询中所有指标均满足两个限制条件，且专家未提出相关增删意见，因此保留各项指标。
结合两轮咨询专家打分结果及意见整理，最终形成健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系，包括5个一级指标、19个二级指标、57个三级指标。根据指标体系构建层次结构模型，鉴于指标体系较为庞大，为保证研究效率，本研究未采用经典的AHP方式请专家直接进行两两比较打分，而是由研究者根据德尔菲法中专家对各项指标的重要性评分的均值，间接构建各层级指标的两两比较判断矩阵。最终构建6个两两比较判断矩阵，包括1个一级指标判断矩阵及5个二级指标判断矩阵，将判断矩阵各行向量做归一化处理，得到权重向量，并分别对各矩阵进行一致性检验，随后用德尔菲法均数法确定三级指标相对于二级指标的权重[13]。结果显示各矩阵的CR值在0.001～0.016之间，说明本次研究一致性较好，指标的权重计算可靠性较强。可见该方法基于专家组集体意见的量化数据，仍在一定程度上保证了权重计算过程的客观性与可重复性。见表4。
3　讨论
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3.1　指标体系解读
本研究构建的指标体系涵盖了政策支持、过程实施及成效影响等多个维度，基本涵盖了健康副校长工作的运行全貌。值得注意的是，一级指标“健康副校长”的权重（0.048）显著低于“学校”（0.337）与“工作成效与影响”（0.337）。此权重分配揭示了该制度运行存在显著的结构性依赖：一方面，学校作为主阵地，其提供的管理支持资源投入与环境建设是工作启动与落地的根本前提[14]。另一方面，显著且可衡量的工作成效则是提升各方价值感知与持续投入积极性的核心动力。这客观反映了健康副校长角色效能高度依赖系统支持，并最终通过工作成效来集中体现。
3.2　指标体系的可靠性
德尔菲法作为一种常用的定性研究方法，兼具可靠的匿名性与良好的反馈性，适合于在本研究中用于指标体系的构建[15]。在两轮的咨询过程中，专家积极性高，权威性良好，Kendall W与变异系数均表明专家意见趋于一致，且评价结果稳定可靠，通过了内部一致性检验，证明了本研究数据采集过程的可重复性和专家共识的良好信度，构建的指标具有较好的可靠性。
3.3　指标体系的有效性
在内容方面，本研究中研究团队成员均有公共卫生专业背景，同时参与了成都市健康副校长工作手册修订、培训总结等工作，对于整体工作开展情况较为熟悉；咨询专家的选择上涵盖了高校、疾病预防控制机构、医疗卫生机构等多个领域，具有极高的权威性和代表性。所有指标均源于政策文件、文献综述、专家开放式访谈，并经过多轮专家筛选与修正，确保了指标能够全面、准确地覆盖健康副校长工作的核心职责与运行全貌。在结构方面，指标体系采用“投入-过程-产出-成效”的逻辑框架进行构建[16]，层级分明，一级指标之间以及各级指标内部具有清晰的逻辑关联，形成了一个有机整体，保证了指标结构的合理性。在统计方面，研究运用AHP确定权重，且通过了一致性检验（CR<0.1），确保了判断矩阵的逻辑一致性及其计算结果的可靠性。
3.4　指标体系构建意义
健康副校长工作机制的运行实践虽已显现成效，但对其效能与运行质量尚缺乏系统性的评估框架，这制约了该项工作的可持续性与深入发展。本研究通过构建健康副校长工作运行评价指标体系，将抽象的“健康副校长工作效能”概念转化为一个可测量、可操作的多维模型，丰富了学校卫生与健康教育的评价理论，为后续相关研究提供了方法论参考和理论框架，也为相关行政部门对该项工作的考核管理提供了精细化、科学化的工具，从而进一步优化资源配置，提升工作的规范性和专业性。
3.5　研究局限与展望
作为一项初步探索，本研究构建的指标体系虽力求系统全面，但受自身客观条件与地域特征制约，一些局限性难以避免。首先，本研究的专家虽然具有代表性，但样本量相对有限，这可能在一定程度上影响指标视角的全面性与决策相关性。其次，所有专家均来源于特定地区，研究成果在推广至其他地域时需审慎评估其适用性。最后，本文的层次分析法中矩阵构建方法可能导致无法完全捕捉专家对指标间相对重要性的细微权衡。未来研究可进一步扩大专家样本范围，纳入包含一线教师、家长代表等更多元主体，选择更加科学全面的研究方法，并在不同地区开展实证检验，以增强指标体系的普适性与实践应用价值。
基金
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  • 2024年成都市医学科研课题项目(2024023)
文献
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509375
  • 接收时间：2025-09-23
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-23
基金
2024年成都市医学科研课题项目(2024023)
作者信息
    成都市疾病预防控制中心（成都市卫生监督所），四川 成都 610041

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范双凤，E-mail:
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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