Article(id=1324077891616637823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502134, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614369538, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614369538, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614369538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614369538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=896, endPage=901, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077891813770112, articleId=1324077891616637823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The influence of family structure on female health literacy in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influence of family structure on health literacy of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among female residents in Qingdao, in order to provide scientific basis for formulating and improving health intervention strategies for infectious disease prevention.

Methods

This study conducted a multi-stage stratified random sampling survey among female permanent residents aged 15-69 in Qingdao in 2022. A logistic regression model was used to analyze its influencing factors, and subsequently, a decision tree algorithm was employed to establish a predictive model to identify key stratification variables.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression model showed that after adjusting urban or rural areas, household registration, age, educational level, marital status, occupation and other factors, the health literacy of prevention and control of infectious diseases among women with 2 family members and 3 or more family members were higher than those living alone (OR=1.528, 95% CI: 1.512-1.545; OR=1.514, 95% CI: 1.499-1.530), women who did not care for or raise minors had a lower level of infectious disease prevention and control health literacy (OR=0.890, 95% CI: 0.886-0.895). The chi-squared automatic interaction detector(CHAID) decision tree model screened six significant factors influencing female residents’ infectious disease prevention and control, which were educational level, urban or rural areas, occupation, family size, whether caring for minors and age. Among women with low education level, those living alone in rural areas and those raising minors in urban areas had lower health literacy in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Whether live alone or raise minors affects female residents’ infectious disease prevention and control. We suggest to focus on women living alone and low-education women living in urban areas who are caring for or raising minors, so as to promote the overall improvement of female health literacy in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

, authors=Jia XU1, Yan LI2, Yan-li WANG3, Xing-hua CHANG4, Guo-dong SHEN5, Ya-ni WANG1, Mei-yun GENG1, Xiao-rong JIA1, authorsList=Jia XU, Yan LI, Yan-li WANG, Xing-hua CHANG, Guo-dong SHEN, Ya-ni WANG, Mei-yun GENG, Xiao-rong JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-rong JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077892623270789, articleId=1324077891616637823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=家庭结构对女性传染病防治素养的影响研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析家庭结构对青岛市女性居民传染病防治素养的影响,为制定和完善传染病健康干预策略提供科学依据。

方法

本研究对2022年青岛市15~69岁女性常住居民进行多阶段分层随机抽样调查。采用logistic回归模型分析其影响因素,继而利用决策树算法建立预测模型,以识别关键分层变量。

结果

多因素logistic回归模型显示,调整城乡、户籍、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职业等因素后,家庭人口数为2人和3人及以上的女性传染病防治素养高于独居女性(OR=1.528,95% CI:1.512~1.545;OR=1.514,95% CI:1.499~1.530),不照顾或未养育未成年人的女性传染病防治素养水平较低(OR=0.890,95% CI:0.886~0.895)。χ2自动交互检测法决策树模型共筛选出6个女性传染病防治素养的影响因素,分别是学历、城乡、职业、家庭人口数、是否照顾未成年人和年龄。低学历女性中,在农村独居者和在城市中养育未成年人者具备较低的传染病防治素养。

结论

是否独居和是否养育未成年人都影响女性传染病防治素养水平。建议重点关注独居女性和生活在城市中正在照顾或养育未成年人的低学历女性,以促进女性传染病防治素养水平整体提升。

, authors=许佳1, 李艳2, 王艳丽3, 常兴华4, 沈国栋5, 王亚妮1, 耿梅云1, 贾晓蓉1, authorsList=许佳, 李艳, 王艳丽, 常兴华, 沈国栋, 王亚妮, 耿梅云, 贾晓蓉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=贾晓蓉, authorNote=

许佳(1996—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:控烟和健康教育工作

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贾晓蓉,E-mail:
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Basic characteristics and infectious disease prevention literacy among female residents in Qingdao

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征调查人数具备素养人数样本率(%)加权率(%)χ2值P值
城乡19.557<0.001
城市3 4051 39741.0343.37
农村3 77491324.1926.20
户籍0.6570.422
青岛市户籍6 6542 12631.9534.96
非青岛市户籍52518435.0539.24
年龄(岁)15.761<0.001
15~3484336343.0642.25
35~543 3201 14934.6135.34
55~693 01679826.4627.32
学历46.681<0.001
高中以下4 0971 03025.1425.54
高中及以上3 0821 28041.5342.86
婚姻状况5.6140.015
未婚39816641.7144.12
在婚6 2781 99731.8133.64
分居/离异/丧偶50314729.2234.27
职业11.541<0.001
体制内编制人员a76232242.2647.72
农民/工人4 2081 14827.2828.86
其他企业人员b1 53860839.5341.19
其他人员c67123234.5833.62
家庭人口数1.6740.200
175921828.7231.94
23 17496130.2833.21
≥33 2461 13134.8437.13
照顾或养育未成年人3.5590.065
是2 28985837.4838.00
否4 8901 45229.6933.89
), ArticleFig(id=1324077898394633158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077891616637823, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青岛市女性居民的基本情况及传染病防治素养水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征调查人数具备素养人数样本率(%)加权率(%)χ2值P值
城乡19.557<0.001
城市3 4051 39741.0343.37
农村3 77491324.1926.20
户籍0.6570.422
青岛市户籍6 6542 12631.9534.96
非青岛市户籍52518435.0539.24
年龄(岁)15.761<0.001
15~3484336343.0642.25
35~543 3201 14934.6135.34
55~693 01679826.4627.32
学历46.681<0.001
高中以下4 0971 03025.1425.54
高中及以上3 0821 28041.5342.86
婚姻状况5.6140.015
未婚39816641.7144.12
在婚6 2781 99731.8133.64
分居/离异/丧偶50314729.2234.27
职业11.541<0.001
体制内编制人员a76232242.2647.72
农民/工人4 2081 14827.2828.86
其他企业人员b1 53860839.5341.19
其他人员c67123234.5833.62
家庭人口数1.6740.200
175921828.7231.94
23 17496130.2833.21
≥33 2461 13134.8437.13
照顾或养育未成年人3.5590.065
是2 28985837.4838.00
否4 8901 45229.6933.89
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Multivariable logistic regression analysis of infectious disease prevention and control literacy among female residents in Qingdao

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变量β Wald χ2P值OR值(95%CI)
城乡城市*1.000
农村-0.6150.00355 083.302<0.0010.540(0.538~0.543)
户籍青岛市户籍*1.000
非青岛市户籍-0.1130.004879.487<0.0010.893(0.887~0.900)
年龄(岁)15~34*1.000
35~540.0050.0032.3550.1251.005(0.999~1.012)
55~69-0.1560.0041 486.615<0.0010.855(0.848~0.862)
学历高中以下*1.000
高中及以上0.3960.00316 337.073<0.0011.485(1.476~1.494)
婚姻状况未婚*1.000
在婚-0.4150.0049 752.640<0.0010.660(0.655~0.665)
分居/离异/丧偶-0.1410.007369.178<0.0010.869(0.856~0.881)
职业体制内编制人员*1.000
农民/工人-0.1930.0042 505.301<0.0010.824(0.818~0.831)
其他企业人员-0.2190.0043 819.773<0.0010.804(0.798~0.809)
其他人员-0.5310.00415 214.716<0.0010.588(0.583~0.593)
家庭人口数1*1.000
20.4240.0056 279.034<0.0011.528(1.512~1.545)
≥30.4150.0056 246.532<0.0011.514(1.499~1.530)
照顾或养育未成年人是*1.000
否-0.1160.0031 862.428<0.0010.890(0.886~0.895)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077902257587147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077891616637823, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青岛市女性居民传染病防治素养的多因素logistic回归分析

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变量β Wald χ2P值OR值(95%CI)
城乡城市*1.000
农村-0.6150.00355 083.302<0.0010.540(0.538~0.543)
户籍青岛市户籍*1.000
非青岛市户籍-0.1130.004879.487<0.0010.893(0.887~0.900)
年龄(岁)15~34*1.000
35~540.0050.0032.3550.1251.005(0.999~1.012)
55~69-0.1560.0041 486.615<0.0010.855(0.848~0.862)
学历高中以下*1.000
高中及以上0.3960.00316 337.073<0.0011.485(1.476~1.494)
婚姻状况未婚*1.000
在婚-0.4150.0049 752.640<0.0010.660(0.655~0.665)
分居/离异/丧偶-0.1410.007369.178<0.0010.869(0.856~0.881)
职业体制内编制人员*1.000
农民/工人-0.1930.0042 505.301<0.0010.824(0.818~0.831)
其他企业人员-0.2190.0043 819.773<0.0010.804(0.798~0.809)
其他人员-0.5310.00415 214.716<0.0010.588(0.583~0.593)
家庭人口数1*1.000
20.4240.0056 279.034<0.0011.528(1.512~1.545)
≥30.4150.0056 246.532<0.0011.514(1.499~1.530)
照顾或养育未成年人是*1.000
否-0.1160.0031 862.428<0.0010.890(0.886~0.895)
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家庭结构对女性传染病防治素养的影响研究
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许佳 1 , 李艳 2 , 王艳丽 3 , 常兴华 4 , 沈国栋 5 , 王亚妮 1 , 耿梅云 1 , 贾晓蓉 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(5): 896-901
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (5) : 896 -901
家庭结构对女性传染病防治素养的影响研究
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许佳(1996—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:控烟和健康教育工作

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许佳1, 李艳2, 王艳丽3, 常兴华4, 沈国栋5, 王亚妮1, 耿梅云1, 贾晓蓉1
作者信息
  • 1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院健康教育与促进所,山东 青岛 266000
  • 2.青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生指导科
  • 3.青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科
  • 4.平度市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科
  • 5.莱西市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科
通讯作者:
贾晓蓉,E-mail:
作者简介:

许佳(1996—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:控烟和健康教育工作

The influence of family structure on female health literacy in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases
Jia XU1, Yan LI2, Yan-li WANG3, Xing-hua CHANG4, Guo-dong SHEN5, Ya-ni WANG1, Mei-yun GENG1, Xiao-rong JIA1
Affiliations
  • Health Education and Promotion Department, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502134
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目的

分析家庭结构对青岛市女性居民传染病防治素养的影响,为制定和完善传染病健康干预策略提供科学依据。

方法

本研究对2022年青岛市15~69岁女性常住居民进行多阶段分层随机抽样调查。采用logistic回归模型分析其影响因素,继而利用决策树算法建立预测模型,以识别关键分层变量。

结果

多因素logistic回归模型显示,调整城乡、户籍、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职业等因素后,家庭人口数为2人和3人及以上的女性传染病防治素养高于独居女性(OR=1.528,95% CI:1.512~1.545;OR=1.514,95% CI:1.499~1.530),不照顾或未养育未成年人的女性传染病防治素养水平较低(OR=0.890,95% CI:0.886~0.895)。χ2自动交互检测法决策树模型共筛选出6个女性传染病防治素养的影响因素,分别是学历、城乡、职业、家庭人口数、是否照顾未成年人和年龄。低学历女性中,在农村独居者和在城市中养育未成年人者具备较低的传染病防治素养。

结论

是否独居和是否养育未成年人都影响女性传染病防治素养水平。建议重点关注独居女性和生活在城市中正在照顾或养育未成年人的低学历女性,以促进女性传染病防治素养水平整体提升。

女性  /  传染病防治素养  /  家庭结构  /  决策树  /  logistic回归
Objective

To analyze the influence of family structure on health literacy of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among female residents in Qingdao, in order to provide scientific basis for formulating and improving health intervention strategies for infectious disease prevention.

Methods

This study conducted a multi-stage stratified random sampling survey among female permanent residents aged 15-69 in Qingdao in 2022. A logistic regression model was used to analyze its influencing factors, and subsequently, a decision tree algorithm was employed to establish a predictive model to identify key stratification variables.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression model showed that after adjusting urban or rural areas, household registration, age, educational level, marital status, occupation and other factors, the health literacy of prevention and control of infectious diseases among women with 2 family members and 3 or more family members were higher than those living alone (OR=1.528, 95% CI: 1.512-1.545; OR=1.514, 95% CI: 1.499-1.530), women who did not care for or raise minors had a lower level of infectious disease prevention and control health literacy (OR=0.890, 95% CI: 0.886-0.895). The chi-squared automatic interaction detector(CHAID) decision tree model screened six significant factors influencing female residents’ infectious disease prevention and control, which were educational level, urban or rural areas, occupation, family size, whether caring for minors and age. Among women with low education level, those living alone in rural areas and those raising minors in urban areas had lower health literacy in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Whether live alone or raise minors affects female residents’ infectious disease prevention and control. We suggest to focus on women living alone and low-education women living in urban areas who are caring for or raising minors, so as to promote the overall improvement of female health literacy in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Female  /  Infectious disease prevention and control health literacy  /  Family structure  /  Decision tree model  /  Logistic regression
许佳, 李艳, 王艳丽, 常兴华, 沈国栋, 王亚妮, 耿梅云, 贾晓蓉. 家庭结构对女性传染病防治素养的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 896 -901 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502134
Jia XU, Yan LI, Yan-li WANG, Xing-hua CHANG, Guo-dong SHEN, Ya-ni WANG, Mei-yun GENG, Xiao-rong JIA. The influence of family structure on female health literacy in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 896 -901 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502134
数百年来,传染病一直是导致全世界死亡和残疾的主要原因[1],2019年底的新型冠状病毒肺炎更是给全球的民生和经济带来了巨大的冲击。提升传染病防治素养水平是传染病防控最为经济有效的手段之一[2]。女性由于在家庭中扮演重要角色,其健康素养水平关系个人及整个家庭的健康状况[3],对出生人口素质也产生直接影响[4]。近年来,女性传染病防治素养已逐渐成为学界关注的重要议题。然而,已有研究多侧重于从宏观的人口学特征进行探讨[5],缺乏从家庭内部结构这一核心社会关系的视角进行深入剖析。本研究创新性的将logistic回归模型与决策树χ2自动交互检测法(chi-squared automatic interaction detector,CHAID)相结合,深入分析家庭结构对女性传染病防治素养的影响,以期为制定和完善传染病健康干预策略提供科学依据。
选取2022年青岛市10个区(市)15~69岁非集体居住常住人口中的女性人口。
本研究样本量依据2021年青岛市居民健康素养水平27.80%[6]进行测算(α=0.05,绝对误差为0.03,设计效应deff=1.1,预设15%的无应答率)。使用与人口规模成比例的整群抽样法(probability proportionate to size sampling, PPS)在青岛市每个区(市)随机抽取4个街道(乡镇)作为监测点(人口基数较大的区市增至6个),再用PPS法在每个监测点随机抽取5个居(村)委会,每个居(村)委会随机抽取55个家庭户,用Kish表法在每户随机抽取1名15~69岁常住人口。本研究纳入上述调查对象中的女性人口作为研究对象进行分析。
本研究使用中国健康教育中心编制的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》,具体内容包括:基本人口学特征、基本健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能等方面。本次调查由青岛市卫生健康委员会组织实施,并得到青岛市疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会批准(QDSKL2101382)。现场调查使用平板电脑专用APP,由经过统一培训的专业调查员入户面对面进行,并且已得到所有被调查者的知情同意。
具备传染病防治素养的判定标准[7]:问卷总分13分,得分达到总分80%以上,即问卷得分≥10分视为具备传染病防治素养。家庭结构:参照曾毅[8]的研究,本研究以共同居住的家庭成员数量和是否需要养育未成年人来界定家庭结构。
调查数据依据国家统计局第七次人口普查数据进行加权调整,最终权重=基础权重×无应答调整系数×事后分层调整系数[9]。
采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行处理与统计分析。利用SPSS复杂抽样模块对调查问卷中可能影响到女性居民传染病防治素养的相关因素进行χ2检验(检验水准α=0.05),将相关因素纳入非条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。再将logistic回归分析中有统计学意义的因素纳入CHAID决策树模型,筛选影响女性居民传染病防治素养水平的影响因素,并分析因素间的相互关系。CHAID决策树模型采用SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行构建,相关设置如下:(1)决策树生长“枝条”分割显著性水准αmerge=0.05,αsplit=0.05;(2)采用预修剪方法,设定决策树最大生长深度为3层,停止规则为α=0.05,“父节点”和“子节点”的最小个案数分别是200和100。本研究进行分区验证,训练集:测试集为7:3。检验水准α=0.05。
共有7 179份女性有效问卷纳入研究,平均年龄为50.89岁。其中城市居民3 405人(47.43%),农村居民3 774人(52.57%);青岛市户籍6 654人(92.69%),非青岛市户籍525人(7.31%);年龄以35~54岁为主,占46.25%;受教育水平以高中以下学历为主,占57.07%;婚姻状况以在婚为主,占87.45%;职业以农民和工人为主,占58.62%;独居的有759人(10.57%),家庭人口数为2人的有3 174人(44.21%),家庭人口数为3人及以上的有3 246人(45.22%);有2 289人(31.88%)需要照顾或养育未成年人,4 890人(68.12%)不需要照顾或养育未成年人。
经加权处理后的数据显示,2022年青岛市女性居民传染病防治素养水平为35.37%。复杂样本χ2检验显示,女性居民传染病防治素养水平与城乡、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职业相关(P<0.05),而在不同户籍、家庭人口数、是否照顾或养育未成年人方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
以女性居民传染病防治素养水平(0=不具备,1=具备)为因变量,居民城乡、户籍、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职业、家庭人口数、照顾或养育未成年人为自变量,采用enter法进行logistic回归分析。结果显示,控制其它因素后,独居是女性传染病防治素养的不利因素,而照顾或养育未成年人是保护因素。家庭人口数为2人和3人及以上的女性居民传染病防治素养水平均高于独居者(OR=1.528,95% CI:1.512~1.545;OR=1.514,95% CI:1.499~1.530);无需照顾或养育未成年人的女性居民传染病防治素养水平低于正在照顾或养育未成年人的女性居民(OR=0.890, 95% CI:0.886~0.895)。见表2。
将女性居民传染病防治素养作为目标变量,学历、城乡、户籍、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、家庭人口数、照顾或养育未成年人作为输入变量,进行CHAID决策树分析。结果显示,决策树共有17个节点,终端节点数为10个(8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16和17)。树的根节点为学历,第二层为城乡和职业,是否独居及照顾未成年人出现在树的第三层,分别影响农村和城市的低学历女性群体。模型显示,农村低学历女性中,非独居者传染病防治素养水平由20.07%上升至20.71%,而独居者下降至12.50%;城市低学历女性中,不用照顾或养育未成年人的传染病防治素养水平由35.15%上升至36.02%,而正在照顾或养育未成年的女性居民下降至32.89%。见图1。
传染病防治素养是指个人获取、理解、交流健康信息并应用健康信息,以促进自身健康和减少传染性疾病发生的能力[2],它是传染病防控的重要指标[10]。女性由于生理结构、家庭角色的不同,除了面临着和男性不同的健康问题,作为特殊群体在反映社会整体健康素养水平方面具有特殊意义[11]。
本研究结果显示,2022年青岛市15~69岁女性常住居民传染病防治素养水平为35.37%。结合山东省 2019—2021年居民健康素养监测数据[12],青岛市女性传染病素养水平显著高于同期全省女性平均水平,差值达 4.18~16.74 个百分点,且相较于全省过往三年的水平呈现出明显的上升趋势。为进一步明确影响青岛市女性居民传染病防治素养水平的关键因素,本研究对2022年数据开展logistic回归分析,结果表明,城乡、户籍、年龄、学历、婚姻状况和职业均为该群体素养水平的影响因素,此特征与国内同类研究结果一致[5]。同时,本研究创新性地纳入家庭人口数与是否照顾或养育未成年人两个变量,考察其对女性传染病防治素养水平的影响。结果显示,独居是女性居民传染病防治素的不利因素,这与杨帆[13],师浩楠[14]等人的研究一致。可能是因为相较于独居者,非独居者家庭成员之间的交流和互动也会增加[13],并且每个成员都对家庭的健康和安全负有责任感。这种共同责任感可能促使女性居民更加积极地学习和实践传染病防治知识,以保护自己和家人的健康。除此之外,本研究还发现,正在照顾或养育未成年的女性居民传染病健康素养水平较高。作为未成年人的主要照顾者,女性在家庭中的强烈责任感可能促使她们更加关注和学习传染病的预防知识[15]。并且,在照顾和养育未成年人的过程中,她们可能需要与学校、医疗机构和其他家长保持密切联系。这种交流也可能使她们更容易接触到并学习到关于传染病的最新信息和预防措施[16-17]。
本研究同时引入CHAID决策树模型,通过分析变量在不同亚组中的影响,直观显示风险最高的人群[18]。决策树显示,低学历女性中,传染病防治素养水平较低的是在农村独居或在城市照顾未成年人的女性,该研究结果是对logistic回归的进一步补充。究其原因,女性居住在农村和城市面临的环境和生活压力不同。一方面,农村的教育资源和卫生资源相对匮乏,独居会导致低学历女性更加缺乏健康知识的学习氛围以及家庭成员之间的相互影响,健康行为养成的主动性较低[14]。另一方面,虽然logistic回归分析显示在总人群中,去除其它因素的影响后,正在养育未成年人是女性传染病防治素养的保护性因素,但严琼等人[19]的研究表明,对于低学历女性而言,居住在城市会比农村面临更高的育儿压力。在这一群体中,低学历可能成为限制就业的重要因素[20],从而加剧她们在住房、医疗、教育和就业等方面的多重压力[21]。这种多重压力不仅增加了生活节奏的紧张感,还可能限制她们在健康知识学习和健康生活方式培养方面的时间与精力。因此,低学历城市女性在养育未成年人的过程中,往往表现出较低的传染病防治素养。这一现象反映了教育水平、城市生活压力与家庭责任之间的复杂交互作用。
以上结果提示,家庭结构包括共同居住的家庭成员数量及是否需要养育未成年人都会影响女性传染病防治素养水平,在低学历女性中尤为显著。对于农村低学历女性人群,政府和相关部门应制定相关政策,在居住环境、情感支持及政策保障等多方面为独居者提供合力支持,鼓励独居者参与社区活动、兴趣小组等,增加社交互动,学习更多的传染病防治知识,养成健康的生活方式。对于城市低学历女性人群,建议以社区为基础,加强以家庭为单位的传染病防治知识宣传工作,提高整个家庭对于健康知识的重视程度[22]。同时在各类学校、托幼机构等广泛开展“小手拉大手”活动,将健康知识和生活方式传播到家庭中,带动家庭成员提高传染病防治素养。
  • 2021 年度青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2101382)
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502134
  • 接收时间:2025-02-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12
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2021 年度青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2101382)
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    1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院健康教育与促进所,山东 青岛 266000
    2.青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生指导科
    3.青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科
    4.平度市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科
    5.莱西市疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进科

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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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