Article(id=1324077838663557599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506144, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749571200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614356913, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614356913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614356913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614356913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=908, endPage=913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077838940381664, articleId=1324077838663557599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between reproductive years and sarcopenia in elderly women and the mediating effect of depression, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia, and to assess the mediating role of depression in this relationship.

Methods

The study population was drawn from Hongguang Subdistrict, Pidu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.Demographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Reproductive years were calculated based on the age at menarche and menopause. Muscle mass was assessed using the Inbody 770 analyzer, and grip strength and walking speed were measured to determine the presence of sarcopenia according to established guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating effect of depression on this association.

Results

A total of 2 857 postmenopausal women were included in the final analysis. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia, 1 098 participants (38.43%) were classified as having “possible sarcopenia”,463 (16.21%) as having “sarcopenia”, and 345 (12.08%) as having “severe sarcopenia”. Multivariable logistic regression showed that reproductive years were negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) and severe sarcopenia (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.85). Mediation analysis indicated that depression mediated the relationship between reproductive years and sarcopenia, with a mediation proportion of 9.67%. For severe sarcopenia, the mediation proportion was 6.34%.

Conclusion

Longer reproductive years are associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia, and depression plays a mediating role in this association. Given the significant mediating effect of depression, more attention should be paid to the mental health of postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of sarcopenia potentially linked to low estrogen levels.

, authors=Lei LIN1, Xing-rong HU2, Yi-lin TENG1, Xin CHEN1, Qing-wen ZHAO1, Xing-yu ZHANG1, Hai-yu YAN1, Wan-ting FENG1, Hui-fang YANG1, Tian-pei MA1, Tao ZHANG1, Lu LONG1, Xia JIANG1, Jia-yuan LI1, authorsList=Lei LIN, Xing-rong HU, Yi-lin TENG, Xin CHEN, Qing-wen ZHAO, Xing-yu ZHANG, Hai-yu YAN, Wan-ting FENG, Hui-fang YANG, Tian-pei MA, Tao ZHANG, Lu LONG, Xia JIANG, Jia-yuan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi-lin TENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077842031583723, articleId=1324077838663557599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=老年女性生育年限与老年期肌少症的关联研究及抑郁的中介作用分析, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨老年女性生育年限与肌少症之间的关联作用,并评估抑郁状态在两者关联间的中介作用。

方法

研究对象来自四川省成都市郫都区红光街道,采用面对面问卷调查方式收集人口学资料;通过女性初潮及绝经年龄计算得出生育年限。采用Inbody 770测量肌肉质量,同时测量握力及步速并依据指南判定对象是否患有肌少症。采用多因素logistic回归模型探索生育年限与肌少症的关联,采用中介分析探索抑郁状态在两者间的中介作用。

结果

本研究最终纳入2 857名绝经后女性,根据《亚洲肌少症工作组2019肌少症诊断及治疗专家共识》判定1 098人(38.43%)为“可能肌少症”、463人(16.21%)为“肌少症”、345人(12.08%)为“严重肌少症”。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,生育年限与肌少症的OR值为0.85(95% CI: 0.75~0.96),与严重肌少症的OR值为0.76(95% CI: 0.67~0.85)。中介分析结果显示,抑郁状态可介导生育年限与肌少症的发病关联,中介占比为9.67%;抑郁状态在生育年限与严重肌少症关联中的中介占比为6.34%。

结论

更长的生育年限能够降低患肌少症的风险,且抑郁状态在该关联中存在中介作用。鉴于抑郁状态的显著中介效应,未来应关注并改善绝经后女性群体的心理健康状态,减小因低雌激素水平而带来的肌少症患病风险。

, authors=林磊1, 胡兴容2, 滕屹霖1, 陈馨1, 赵晴雯1, 张星雨1, 严海瑜1, 冯琬婷1, 杨会芳1, 马天佩1, 张韬1, 龙璐1, 姜侠1, 李佳圆1, authorsList=林磊, 胡兴容, 滕屹霖, 陈馨, 赵晴雯, 张星雨, 严海瑜, 冯琬婷, 杨会芳, 马天佩, 张韬, 龙璐, 姜侠, 李佳圆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=滕屹霖, authorNote=

林磊与胡兴容为共同第一作者

林磊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学

胡兴容(1977—),女,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:护理学

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滕屹霖,E-mail:
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Basic characteristics of study participants [(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征变量总人群(n=2 857)无肌少症(n=951)可能肌少症(n=1 098)肌少症(n=463)严重肌少症(n=345)P值
年龄(岁)68.35±6.1266.08±5.0967.95±5.6369.05±5.5272.24±6.50<0.001
婚姻状况<0.001
已婚2 138(74.8)762(80.1)832(75.8)336(72.6)208(60.3)
其他719(25.2)189(19.9)266(24.2)127(27.4)137(39.7)
教育水平<0.001
未正规上过学1 119(39.2)255(26.8)486(44.3)197(42.5)181(52.5)
小学607(21.2)186(19.6)234(21.3)100(21.6)87(25.2)
初中638(22.3)252(26.5)243(22.1)92(19.9)51(14.8)
高中388(13.6)202(21.2)110(10.0)56(12.1)20(5.8)
大专及以上105(3.7)56(5.9)25(2.3)18(3.9)6(1.7)
收入水平(万元/年)<0.001
<1.21 012(35.4)261(27.4)417(38.0)174(37.6)160(46.4)
1.2~1.9635(22.2)184(19.3)257(23.4)98(21.1)96(27.8)
2.0~5.9936(32.8)375(39.4)346(31.5)141(30.5)74(21.4)
6.0~9.9199(7.0)96(10.1)59(5.4)34(7.3)10(2.9)
≥10.075(2.6)35(3.7)19(1.7)16(3.5)5(1.4)
吸烟状况
否2 803(98.1)932(98.3)1 083(98.6)454(98.1)334(97.4)
是54(1.9)19(1.7)15(1.4)9(1.9)11(2.6)
饮酒状况<0.001
否2 756(96.5)913(96.0)1 053(95.9)451(97.4)339(98.3)
是101(3.5)38(4.0)45(4.1)12(2.6)6(1.7)
饮茶情况<0.001
否2 346(82.1)782(82.2)893(81.3)372(80.3)299(86.6)
是511(17.9)169(17.8)205(18.7)91(19.7)46(13.4)
喝咖啡<0.001
否2 771(97.0)904(95.1)1 077(98.1)452(97.6)338(98.0)
是86(3.0)47(4.9)21(1.9)11(2.4)7(2.0)
体力活动<0.001
不达标140(4.9)33(3.5)74(6.7)16(3.5)17(4.9)
达标2 717(95.1)918(96.5)1 024(93.3)447(96.5)328(95.1)
健康膳食<0.001
不健康2 090(73.2)623(65.5)842(76.7)348(75.2)277(80.3)
健康767(26.8)328(34.5)256(23.3)115(24.8)68(19.7)
糖尿病<0.001
否2 423(84.8)852(89.6)892(81.2)391(84.4)288(83.5)
是434(15.2)99(10.4)206(18.8)72(15.6)57(16.5)
高血压<0.001
否1 803(63.1)638(67.1)624(56.8)315(68.0)226(65.5)
是1 054(36.9)313(32.9)474(43.2)148(32.0)119(34.5)
高血脂0.017
否2 535(88.7)836(87.9)958(87.2)425(91.8)316(91.6)
是322(11.3)115(12.1)140(12.8)38(8.2)29(8.4)
冠心病0.305
否2 731(95.6)915(96.2)1 047(95.4)445(96.1)324(93.9)
是126(4.4)36(3.8)51(4.6)18(3.9)21(6.1)
卒中0.005
否2 734(95.7)928(97.6)1 042(94.9)440(95.0)324(93.9)
是123(4.3)23(2.4)56(5.1)23(5.0)21(6.1)
肥胖<0.001
否419(14.7)157(16.5)100(9.1)101(21.8)61(17.7)
是2 438(85.3)794(83.5)998(90.9)362(78.2)284(82.3)
初潮年龄(岁)15.79±2.3615.53±2.2415.71±2.2916.02±2.4116.32±2.39<0.001
绝经年龄(岁)48.94±4.3049.42±4.1849.01±4.3448.63±4.1547.95±4.57<0.001
生育年限(年)33.15±4.9733.89±4.7333.30±4.9532.61±5.0631.63±5.23<0.001
抑郁评分6.36±1.736.02±1.516.45±1.776.55±1.776.73±1.92<0.001
握力(kg)17.65±5.7622.20±4.1416.01±5.1016.13±5.0412.76±3.66<0.001
步速(m/s)1.04±0.221.20±0.160.97±0.201.08±0.180.82±0.15<0.001
ASMI(kg/m2)5.89±0.676.07±0.606.28±0.445.24±0.355.18±0.42<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851229692486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基线特征[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征变量总人群(n=2 857)无肌少症(n=951)可能肌少症(n=1 098)肌少症(n=463)严重肌少症(n=345)P值
年龄(岁)68.35±6.1266.08±5.0967.95±5.6369.05±5.5272.24±6.50<0.001
婚姻状况<0.001
已婚2 138(74.8)762(80.1)832(75.8)336(72.6)208(60.3)
其他719(25.2)189(19.9)266(24.2)127(27.4)137(39.7)
教育水平<0.001
未正规上过学1 119(39.2)255(26.8)486(44.3)197(42.5)181(52.5)
小学607(21.2)186(19.6)234(21.3)100(21.6)87(25.2)
初中638(22.3)252(26.5)243(22.1)92(19.9)51(14.8)
高中388(13.6)202(21.2)110(10.0)56(12.1)20(5.8)
大专及以上105(3.7)56(5.9)25(2.3)18(3.9)6(1.7)
收入水平(万元/年)<0.001
<1.21 012(35.4)261(27.4)417(38.0)174(37.6)160(46.4)
1.2~1.9635(22.2)184(19.3)257(23.4)98(21.1)96(27.8)
2.0~5.9936(32.8)375(39.4)346(31.5)141(30.5)74(21.4)
6.0~9.9199(7.0)96(10.1)59(5.4)34(7.3)10(2.9)
≥10.075(2.6)35(3.7)19(1.7)16(3.5)5(1.4)
吸烟状况
否2 803(98.1)932(98.3)1 083(98.6)454(98.1)334(97.4)
是54(1.9)19(1.7)15(1.4)9(1.9)11(2.6)
饮酒状况<0.001
否2 756(96.5)913(96.0)1 053(95.9)451(97.4)339(98.3)
是101(3.5)38(4.0)45(4.1)12(2.6)6(1.7)
饮茶情况<0.001
否2 346(82.1)782(82.2)893(81.3)372(80.3)299(86.6)
是511(17.9)169(17.8)205(18.7)91(19.7)46(13.4)
喝咖啡<0.001
否2 771(97.0)904(95.1)1 077(98.1)452(97.6)338(98.0)
是86(3.0)47(4.9)21(1.9)11(2.4)7(2.0)
体力活动<0.001
不达标140(4.9)33(3.5)74(6.7)16(3.5)17(4.9)
达标2 717(95.1)918(96.5)1 024(93.3)447(96.5)328(95.1)
健康膳食<0.001
不健康2 090(73.2)623(65.5)842(76.7)348(75.2)277(80.3)
健康767(26.8)328(34.5)256(23.3)115(24.8)68(19.7)
糖尿病<0.001
否2 423(84.8)852(89.6)892(81.2)391(84.4)288(83.5)
是434(15.2)99(10.4)206(18.8)72(15.6)57(16.5)
高血压<0.001
否1 803(63.1)638(67.1)624(56.8)315(68.0)226(65.5)
是1 054(36.9)313(32.9)474(43.2)148(32.0)119(34.5)
高血脂0.017
否2 535(88.7)836(87.9)958(87.2)425(91.8)316(91.6)
是322(11.3)115(12.1)140(12.8)38(8.2)29(8.4)
冠心病0.305
否2 731(95.6)915(96.2)1 047(95.4)445(96.1)324(93.9)
是126(4.4)36(3.8)51(4.6)18(3.9)21(6.1)
卒中0.005
否2 734(95.7)928(97.6)1 042(94.9)440(95.0)324(93.9)
是123(4.3)23(2.4)56(5.1)23(5.0)21(6.1)
肥胖<0.001
否419(14.7)157(16.5)100(9.1)101(21.8)61(17.7)
是2 438(85.3)794(83.5)998(90.9)362(78.2)284(82.3)
初潮年龄(岁)15.79±2.3615.53±2.2415.71±2.2916.02±2.4116.32±2.39<0.001
绝经年龄(岁)48.94±4.3049.42±4.1849.01±4.3448.63±4.1547.95±4.57<0.001
生育年限(年)33.15±4.9733.89±4.7333.30±4.9532.61±5.0631.63±5.23<0.001
抑郁评分6.36±1.736.02±1.516.45±1.776.55±1.776.73±1.92<0.001
握力(kg)17.65±5.7622.20±4.1416.01±5.1016.13±5.0412.76±3.66<0.001
步速(m/s)1.04±0.221.20±0.160.97±0.201.08±0.180.82±0.15<0.001
ASMI(kg/m2)5.89±0.676.07±0.606.28±0.445.24±0.355.18±0.42<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851389076039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Associations between reproductive years and sarcopenia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局病例数/总体β(95%CI)aOR(95%CI)χ2值P值
可能肌少症1 098/2 8570.067(-0.017~0.151)1.07(0.98~1.16)12.450.115
肌少症463/2 857-0.094(-0.201~-0.09)0.85(0.75~0.96)63.770.008
严重肌少症345/2 857-0.274(-0.396~-0.152)0.76(0.67~0.85)84.96<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851472962120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

生育年限与肌少症的关联结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局病例数/总体β(95%CI)aOR(95%CI)χ2值P值
可能肌少症1 098/2 8570.067(-0.017~0.151)1.07(0.98~1.16)12.450.115
肌少症463/2 857-0.094(-0.201~-0.09)0.85(0.75~0.96)63.770.008
严重肌少症345/2 857-0.274(-0.396~-0.152)0.76(0.67~0.85)84.96<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851561042505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear regression analysis of reproductive years and components of sarcopenia

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变量β(95%CI)P值
握力0.10(0.06~0.14)<0.001
步速0.08(0.01~0.09)<0.001
ASMI0.02(0.01~0.03)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851674288714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

生育年限与肌少症判定组分的线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β(95%CI)P值
握力0.10(0.06~0.14)<0.001
步速0.08(0.01~0.09)<0.001
ASMI0.02(0.01~0.03)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851753980491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediating effects of depression between reproductive years and sarcopenia

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结局中介效应β(95%CI)中介占比(%)P中介效应
可能肌少症-0.001(-0.001~0.000)——
肌少症-0.001(-0.003~0.000)9.670.018
严重肌少症-0.001(-0.003~0.000)6.340.018
握力0.033(0.012~0.060)8.080.002
步速0.002(-0.001~0.003)——
ASMI0.003(0.001~0.010)4.410.004
), ArticleFig(id=1324077851879809612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077838663557599, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

抑郁状态在生育年限与肌少症关联中的中介效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局中介效应β(95%CI)中介占比(%)P中介效应
可能肌少症-0.001(-0.001~0.000)——
肌少症-0.001(-0.003~0.000)9.670.018
严重肌少症-0.001(-0.003~0.000)6.340.018
握力0.033(0.012~0.060)8.080.002
步速0.002(-0.001~0.003)——
ASMI0.003(0.001~0.010)4.410.004
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老年女性生育年限与老年期肌少症的关联研究及抑郁的中介作用分析
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林磊 1 , 胡兴容 2 , 滕屹霖 1 , 陈馨 1 , 赵晴雯 1 , 张星雨 1 , 严海瑜 1 , 冯琬婷 1 , 杨会芳 1 , 马天佩 1 , 张韬 1 , 龙璐 1 , 姜侠 1 , 李佳圆 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(5): 908-913
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (5) : 908 -913
老年女性生育年限与老年期肌少症的关联研究及抑郁的中介作用分析
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林磊1, 胡兴容2, 滕屹霖1 , 陈馨1, 赵晴雯1, 张星雨1, 严海瑜1, 冯琬婷1, 杨会芳1, 马天佩1, 张韬1, 龙璐1, 姜侠1, 李佳圆1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都610041
  • 2.四川省成都市郫都区第二人民医院,四川 成都611730
通讯作者:
滕屹霖,E-mail:
作者简介:

林磊与胡兴容为共同第一作者

林磊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学

胡兴容(1977—),女,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:护理学

Association between reproductive years and sarcopenia in elderly women and the mediating effect of depression
Lei LIN1, Xing-rong HU2, Yi-lin TENG1 , Xin CHEN1, Qing-wen ZHAO1, Xing-yu ZHANG1, Hai-yu YAN1, Wan-ting FENG1, Hui-fang YANG1, Tian-pei MA1, Tao ZHANG1, Lu LONG1, Xia JIANG1, Jia-yuan LI1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506144
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目的

探讨老年女性生育年限与肌少症之间的关联作用,并评估抑郁状态在两者关联间的中介作用。

方法

研究对象来自四川省成都市郫都区红光街道,采用面对面问卷调查方式收集人口学资料;通过女性初潮及绝经年龄计算得出生育年限。采用Inbody 770测量肌肉质量,同时测量握力及步速并依据指南判定对象是否患有肌少症。采用多因素logistic回归模型探索生育年限与肌少症的关联,采用中介分析探索抑郁状态在两者间的中介作用。

结果

本研究最终纳入2 857名绝经后女性,根据《亚洲肌少症工作组2019肌少症诊断及治疗专家共识》判定1 098人(38.43%)为“可能肌少症”、463人(16.21%)为“肌少症”、345人(12.08%)为“严重肌少症”。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,生育年限与肌少症的OR值为0.85(95% CI: 0.75~0.96),与严重肌少症的OR值为0.76(95% CI: 0.67~0.85)。中介分析结果显示,抑郁状态可介导生育年限与肌少症的发病关联,中介占比为9.67%;抑郁状态在生育年限与严重肌少症关联中的中介占比为6.34%。

结论

更长的生育年限能够降低患肌少症的风险,且抑郁状态在该关联中存在中介作用。鉴于抑郁状态的显著中介效应,未来应关注并改善绝经后女性群体的心理健康状态,减小因低雌激素水平而带来的肌少症患病风险。

雌激素  /  肌少症  /  抑郁  /  中介分析
Objective

To investigate the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia, and to assess the mediating role of depression in this relationship.

Methods

The study population was drawn from Hongguang Subdistrict, Pidu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.Demographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Reproductive years were calculated based on the age at menarche and menopause. Muscle mass was assessed using the Inbody 770 analyzer, and grip strength and walking speed were measured to determine the presence of sarcopenia according to established guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating effect of depression on this association.

Results

A total of 2 857 postmenopausal women were included in the final analysis. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia, 1 098 participants (38.43%) were classified as having “possible sarcopenia”,463 (16.21%) as having “sarcopenia”, and 345 (12.08%) as having “severe sarcopenia”. Multivariable logistic regression showed that reproductive years were negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) and severe sarcopenia (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.85). Mediation analysis indicated that depression mediated the relationship between reproductive years and sarcopenia, with a mediation proportion of 9.67%. For severe sarcopenia, the mediation proportion was 6.34%.

Conclusion

Longer reproductive years are associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia, and depression plays a mediating role in this association. Given the significant mediating effect of depression, more attention should be paid to the mental health of postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of sarcopenia potentially linked to low estrogen levels.

Estrogen  /  Sarcopenia  /  Depression  /  Mediation analysis
林磊, 胡兴容, 滕屹霖, 陈馨, 赵晴雯, 张星雨, 严海瑜, 冯琬婷, 杨会芳, 马天佩, 张韬, 龙璐, 姜侠, 李佳圆. 老年女性生育年限与老年期肌少症的关联研究及抑郁的中介作用分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 908 -913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506144
Lei LIN, Xing-rong HU, Yi-lin TENG, Xin CHEN, Qing-wen ZHAO, Xing-yu ZHANG, Hai-yu YAN, Wan-ting FENG, Hui-fang YANG, Tian-pei MA, Tao ZHANG, Lu LONG, Xia JIANG, Jia-yuan LI. Association between reproductive years and sarcopenia in elderly women and the mediating effect of depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 908 -913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506144
肌少症(sarcopenia)是一种与年龄增长密切相关的疾病,其主要特征为肌肉含量减少和肌肉力量衰退,可伴随或不伴随躯体功能障碍,并增加衰弱、跌倒、残疾甚至死亡等不良结局的发生风险[1]。有研究显示,亚洲老年人肌肉减少症的患病率为6.8%~25.7%[2]。其中,绝经女性的肌少症患病率随年龄增长而上升:60~69岁为1.4%、70~79岁为4.9%、80岁及以上组为12.5%[3]。与男性不同,绝经女性的肌少症发病与激素水平的变化更为密切[4]。已有研究证实,卵巢激素可直接影响收缩蛋白以调节肌肉力量,雌激素还能直接与肌肉中的雌激素受体结合并激活卫星细胞从而促进肌肉修复[5]。因此,增龄导致的激素下降可能增加老年女性罹患肌少症的风险。此外,一项中国人群的前瞻性研究显示,抑郁个体发生肌少症的风险显著增加[6]。多项研究显示女性各类抑郁障碍的发病率均高于男性[7-9],提示抑郁的发生与雌激素水平可能存在关联。综上可推测雌激素、抑郁与肌少症之间存在相互作用的关联机制,然而目前仍缺乏测量女性激素暴露水平的流行病学量化指标。既往研究多采用初潮或绝经年龄作为单一变量,无法全面反映激素的终生暴露效应,而生育年限作为雌激素暴露指标具有可操作性及全面性,有助于更全面地评估雌激素对老年期健康结局的长期影响。因此,本研究基于社区女性数据探讨生育年限与肌少症的关联,并评估抑郁状态在两者间的中介作用,以期为老年女性群体健康老龄化提供新的理论依据。
来自四川省成都市郫都区的“华西老年人群健康队列”。该项目于2022年完成基线收集,共采集10 625名研究对象的问卷调查。在10 625名研究对象中排除男性;无生理生育问卷信息;未进行肌肉测量;初潮年龄<5岁或>30岁、绝经年龄<30岁或>60岁、子宫切除及双侧卵巢切除、乳腺癌手术史;患病(严重精神障碍、癌症、骨质疏松、甲状腺疾病),最终纳入2 857名绝经后女性。研究的纳入排除流程见图1。本研究已通过四川大学华西第四医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:HXSY-EC-2022034)。
通过面对面调查收集研究对象信息,采用具备逻辑纠错和完整度识别功能的平板系统录入信息。问卷内容包括基本人口学信息、女性生理生育信息(包括初潮年龄、绝经年龄)。
采用电子握力计(CAMRYEH101)测量握力,测量惯用手的握力值后取平均值。采用6米步速测定法测量两次正常行走的步行时间(秒)后计算平均步行速度。使用人体成分分析仪InBody 770测量肌肉质量,该仪器通过生物电抗阻分析计算四肢骨骼肌肉量(appendicular skeletal mass,ASM),之后根据四肢骨骼肌含量和身高计算骨骼肌指数(ASM index,ASMI)计算公式为:四肢骨骼肌质量之和(kg)/身高的二次方(m2)。
(1)生育年限通过问卷回答的初潮年龄和绝经年龄进行计算:生育年限=绝经年龄(岁)-初潮年龄(岁)。
(2)抑郁状态采用简式老年人抑郁量表(geriatric depression scale-15,GDS-15)进行评估,量表包含15项问题,询问测试者过去一周的心理情况。该量表得分范围为0~15分,分数越高代表测试者的抑郁症状越明显。该量表已被广泛运用,具备良好的信效度[10]。
(3)肌少症的定义参考《亚洲肌少症工作组2019肌少症诊断及治疗专家共识(AWGS2019)》[11],通过肌肉力量(握力)、躯体功能(体力表现,步速)和ASMI三方面指标对受试者进行判别。定义女性握力<18kg为肌肉力量减少;步速<1.0 m/s为躯体功能下降;ASMI<5.7 kg/m2为肌肉质量不达标。可能肌少症的定义是握力或步行速度未达标。肌少症的定义是肌肉质量未达标,并且握力或步行速度其中之一未达标。严重肌少症的定义是同时存在肌肉质量未达标、握力未达标和步行速度未达标。
(4)协变量:年龄(岁)、婚姻状况(已婚、其他)、教育水平(未正规上过学、小学、初中、高中、大专及以上)、收入水平(小于1.2万元、1.2~1.9万元、2.0~5.9万元、6.0~9.9万元以及大于或等于10.0万元)、吸烟(吸烟、不吸烟)、饮酒(饮酒、不饮酒)、饮茶(饮茶、不饮茶)、喝咖啡(喝、不喝)、体力活动(根据全球身体活动调查问卷计算每周活动代谢当量区分达标或不达标[12])、膳食情况(是否健康[13])、糖尿病(是否患病)、高血压(是否患病)、高血脂(是否患病)、冠心病(是否患病)及肥胖(体脂率≥30%[14])。
连续型资料采用(均数±标准差)表示,计数资料以频数和构成比表示。采用方差分析或秩和检验比较无肌少症组、可能肌少症组、肌少症组、严重肌少症组的组间差异。通过多元回归分析探索生育年限与肌少症间的关联。采用线性回归分析生育年限与肌少症判定组分间关联。中介分析采用简单中介分析方法,使用bootstrap法随机抽样1 000次检测中介显著性[15]。数据分析使用R 4.4.2软件,双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
研究最终纳入2 857名研究对象,总人群平均年龄(68.35±6.12)岁;平均初潮年龄(15.79±2.36)岁;平均绝经年龄(48.94±4.30)岁;平均生育年限(33.15±4.97)年。按照《AWGS2019》标准分为:无肌少症组(n=951)、可能肌少症组(n=1 098)、肌少症组(n=463)和严重肌少症组(n=345)。多组比较结果显示,随着肌少症严重程度的增加,研究对象在年龄、初潮年龄、绝经年龄、生育年限及抑郁评分间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
(1)生育年限与肌少症的关联分析 多元logistic分析显示,更长的生育年限是预防肌少症及严重肌少症的保护性因素,而生育年限与可能肌少症的关联尚不具有统计学意义。结果见表2。
(2)生育年限及肌少症判定组分的线性关联结果 生育年限与肌少症之间不存在非线性关联(非线性P>0.05)。进一步线性回归分析结果显示,生育年限与握力、步速及ASMI存在正向线性关联。见表3和图2。
简单中介分析显示,抑郁状态在生育年限与肌少症及严重肌少症的关联中存在中介作用,中介占比分别为9.67%、6.34%。抑郁在生育年限与可能肌少症的关联中不具有中介效应。进一步分析显示抑郁在生育年限与握力关联中的中介占比为8.08%;在步速关联中的效应不具有统计学意义;在ASMI关联中的中介占比为4.41%。见表4、图3。
本研究基于中国西南地区的社区老年女性数据,探讨了生育年限与肌少症间的关联作用,并详细评估了抑郁状态在该关联中的中介效应。结果显示较长的生育年限与更低的肌少症及严重肌少症患病风险显著相关。中介分析结果表明,抑郁状态可能在上述关联中发挥介导作用。进一步探究发现,该介导作用具体存在于生育年限对肌肉力量(握力)及肌肉质量(ASMI)的改善效应中。
本研究显示生育年限越长,肌肉力量(握力)、功能表现(步速)及肌肉质量(ASMI)的状态越好,提示雌激素可能在降低肌少症风险方面具有保护作用。已有证据显示,绝经年龄更早的女性患肌少症的风险更高[16],与绝经前的女性相比,绝经后女性的肌肉质量更低[17]。女性在绝经后更易出现肌少症的关键原因可能在于蛋白质稳态失衡[16],雌激素匮乏打破了肌肉蛋白质平衡,最终导致蛋白质合成转变为蛋白质分解。与既往研究相比,本研究的生育年限可以代表初潮至绝经的时间跨度,更全面的反映了女性一生中的雌激素累积水平,有助于更准确的评估雌激素对肌肉健康的长期影响。
雌激素在肌肉代谢中具有多重生物学作用。一方面可以作用于肌肉细胞的特异性受体(ER-α和ER-β),促进肌肉卫星细胞的激活与增殖,从而增强肌肉再生与修复能力[18-20];另一方面,雌激素还能上调胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)表达,促进蛋白合成并维持肌肉质量[21]。因此,激素暴露水平增加或许通过上述路径影响老年期肌少症的发生。
本研究发现抑郁在生育年限与肌少症之间存在中介效应,在肌少症、严重肌少症路径中的中介占比分别为9.67%、6.34%。抑郁作为一种常见的心理健康问题,不仅可通过神经内分泌轴干扰肌肉代谢、降低食欲和活动水平,还可削弱个体参与健康行为的能力,从而增加肌少症的发生风险。雌激素与抑郁之间也存在紧密关联。研究显示,雌激素具有抗炎、抗氧化、调节神经递质等神经保护作用,激素水平下降易引发情绪波动和抑郁发生[22-23]。动物研究发现植物雌激素可通过TLR4/NF-κB通路抑制神经炎症,从而改善抑郁行为[21]。人群观察研究中发现低雌激素水平与绝经后老年妇女的抑郁症存在关联,雌激素水平的波动会增加患抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的可能性[24]。抑郁在生育年限与肌少症关联中的中介作用机制可能在于:高雌激素水平可以缓解因抑郁状态而诱发的异常神经内分泌,并减少因抑郁所引起的低体力活动水平[25],从而综合改善肌肉代谢机制。对于抑郁未能解释的部分还需要进一步探索发现其它的作用机制。本研究具有以下优势:(1)使用综合指标评估女性雌激素水平,相较于单一指标的准确性更高;(2)分析方法上采用多元logistic、线性分析和中介分析,保证研究结果的可靠性。本研究存在的局限性:(1)初潮与绝经年龄来源于自我报告,可能存在回忆偏倚。(2)抑郁状态采用GDS-15问卷评估,可能与实际的临床诊断结果存在差异。(3)尚可能存在未知的潜在混杂因素,需在未来研究中进一步完善。
综上所述,女性生育年限越长,其患肌少症及严重肌少症的风险越低;抑郁状态在该关联中具有中介作用,该效应可能主要体现在生育年限对肌肉力量(握力)及肌肉质量的积极影响上。本研究结果提示,未来应重视雌激素水平与心理健康因素对肌肉健康的协同影响,为促进女性健康老龄化提供理论支持和新干预方向。
  • 四川省医学会科研课题计划(S23102)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506144
  • 接收时间:2025-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11
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四川省医学会科研课题计划(S23102)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都610041
    2.四川省成都市郫都区第二人民医院,四川 成都611730

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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