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Article(id=1324077826462319103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507479, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753545600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614354004, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614354004, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614354004, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614354004, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=796, endPage=802, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077826739143168, articleId=1324077826462319103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and pregnancy depression:a Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationships between gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and pregnancy depression using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Using genome-wide association study data from East Asian populations, a two-sample MR approach was employed to assess the causal effects of 216 species of gut microbiota and 61 blood metabolites on pregnancy depression. Reverse MR analysis evaluated the impact of pregnancy depression on the identified gut microbiota species and blood metabolites, thereby excluding reverse causality bias.

Results

The study identified causal associations between 11 gut microbiota species and 4 blood metabolites with pregnancy depression. Among these, five gut microbiota species(Akkermansia muciniphila, Desulfovibrio piger, Providencia rettgeri, Clostridium phytofermentans, and Ruminococcus obeum) and two blood metabolites (glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid) were identified as protective factors against pregnancy depression.Conversely, 6 gut microbiota species (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Blautia hansenii, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Eubacterium dolichum, Prevotella veroralis, and Streptococcus vestibularis) and two blood metabolites (aldosterone and phenylalanine) were identified as risk factors. Reverse MR analysis found no evidence of reverse causality.

Conclusion

This study identifies 11 gut microbiota species and 4 blood metabolites that may represent promising therapeutic targets for pregnancy depression in East Asian populations.

, authors=Ling DENG, Hua-kang LI, Xia LI, Qi-jia LI, Bing LIN, Liu-ying HAO, authorsList=Ling DENG, Hua-kang LI, Xia LI, Qi-jia LI, Bing LIN, Liu-ying HAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liu-ying HAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077833840099851, articleId=1324077826462319103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁——一项基于东亚人群的孟德尔随机化研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

利用孟德尔随机化（Mendelian randomization,MR）方法评估肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁的因果关系。

方法

利用东亚人群的全基因组关联研究数据，基于两样本MR方法评估216种物种级肠道菌群、61种血液代谢物对妊娠期抑郁的因果效应。反向MR方法评估妊娠期抑郁对已识别的肠道菌种和血液代谢物的影响，以排除反向因果偏倚。

结果

研究发现11种肠道菌种和4种血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁之间存在因果关联。其中，5种肠道菌种（Akkermansia muciniphila、Desulfovibrio piger、Providencia rettgeri、Clostridium phytofermentans、Ruminococcus obeum）和2种血液代谢物（谷氨酰胺、α-氨基丁酸）被认为是妊娠期抑郁的保护因素；而另外6种肠道菌种（Streptococcus pneumoniae、Blautia hansenii、Bacteroides xylanisolvens、Eubacterium dolichum、Prevotella veroralis、Streptococcus vestibularis）和2种血液代谢物（醛固酮、苯丙氨酸）则是妊娠期抑郁的危险因素。反向MR分析未发现存在反向因果关联。

结论

本研究鉴定出11种肠道菌种与4种血液代谢物，有望成为东亚人群妊娠期抑郁的潜在治疗靶点。

, authors=邓玲, 李桦康, 李霞, 李启佳, 林冰, 郝柳映, authorsList=邓玲, 李桦康, 李霞, 李启佳, 林冰, 郝柳映, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郝柳映, authorNote=

邓玲（1994-），女，本科，主管护师，研究方向：围产期妇女全周期健康管理

, correspAuthorsNote=
郝柳映，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tMtMBwQbA1wPawbtZNEQwA==, magXml=kzgw44JFJCLoUWk+gxddcA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4VYtqKLWaslTFgxTgDIrWw==, pdfFileSize=1238502, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=X+PeyDMD5oQmcRjr33B34Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=u6uZ9c5K3W9rU1ZPgTd1Qw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324077835098391056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324077835433935378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, authorId=1324077835098391056, language=EN, stringName=Ling DENG, firstName=Ling, middleName=null, lastName=DENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Health Management Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324077835509432851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, authorId=1324077835098391056, language=CN, stringName=邓玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=成都中医药大学附属医院健康管理中心，四川 成都 610075, bio={"content":"

邓玲（1994-），女，本科，主管护师，研究方向：围产期妇女全周期健康管理

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Overview of GWAS data information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征名称发布年份（年）种族样本量PubmedID访问数据库名称访问编号
肠道菌群2022中国1 53934980918中国国家基因库CNP0000794
血液代谢物2022中国2 00234980918中国国家基因库CNP0000794
妊娠期抑郁2024日本5 09840226751GWAS CatalogGCST90435440
妊娠期抑郁2024日本6 56240226751GWAS CatalogGCST90435445
), ArticleFig(id=1324077842119655998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GWAS数据信息汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征名称发布年份（年）种族样本量PubmedID访问数据库名称访问编号
肠道菌群2022中国1 53934980918中国国家基因库CNP0000794
血液代谢物2022中国2 00234980918中国国家基因库CNP0000794
妊娠期抑郁2024日本5 09840226751GWAS CatalogGCST90435440
妊娠期抑郁2024日本6 56240226751GWAS CatalogGCST90435445
), ArticleFig(id=1324077842220319295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局水平多效性异质性
MR-PRESSO (P值)MR-Egger 截距值 (P值)IVW法Q值 (P值)MR-Egger法Q值 (P值)
Ruminococcus obeum妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.3580.037 (0.317)21.378 (0.322)20.191 (0.316)
Eubacterium dolichum妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.8500.006 (0.909)13.139 (0.831)13.125 (0.784)
Prevotella veroralis妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.961-0.021 (0.833)2.587 (0.958)2.539 (0.924)
Streptococcus vestibularis妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.665-0.001 (0.992)17.341 (0.631)17.341 (0.567)
Akkermansia muciniphila妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.737-0.005 (0.936)14.035 (0.727)14.028 (0.665)
Desulfovibrio piger妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.509-0.019 (0.695)22.185 (0.449)22.019 (0.398)
Providencia rettgeri妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.8810.003 (0.972)7.839 (0.854)7.837 (0.798)
Clostridium phytofermentans妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6500.188 (0.379)2.494 (0.646)1.434 (0.698)
Streptococcus pneumoniae妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.681-0.039 (0.606)7.226 (0.704)6.940 (0.643)
Blautia hansenii妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.3560.046 (0.410)20.261 (0.318)19.447 (0.304)
Bacteroides xylanisolvens妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6850.032 (0.785)5.076 (0.651)4.995 (0.545)
α-氨基丁酸妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.836-0.042 (0.615)7.291 (0.838)7.023 (0.797)
谷氨酰胺妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.318-0.019 (0.729)26.044 (0.299)25.899 (0.256)
苯丙氨酸妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.4940.045 (0.489)11.171 (0.673)10.661 (0.639)
谷氨酰胺妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.518-0.062 (0.327)16.308 (0.752)15.298 (0.759)
醛固酮妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6350.025 (0.663)11.593 (0.710)11.395 (0.655)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077842320982592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077826462319103, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

水平多效性和异质性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局水平多效性异质性
MR-PRESSO (P值)MR-Egger 截距值 (P值)IVW法Q值 (P值)MR-Egger法Q值 (P值)
Ruminococcus obeum妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.3580.037 (0.317)21.378 (0.322)20.191 (0.316)
Eubacterium dolichum妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.8500.006 (0.909)13.139 (0.831)13.125 (0.784)
Prevotella veroralis妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.961-0.021 (0.833)2.587 (0.958)2.539 (0.924)
Streptococcus vestibularis妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.665-0.001 (0.992)17.341 (0.631)17.341 (0.567)
Akkermansia muciniphila妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.737-0.005 (0.936)14.035 (0.727)14.028 (0.665)
Desulfovibrio piger妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.509-0.019 (0.695)22.185 (0.449)22.019 (0.398)
Providencia rettgeri妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.8810.003 (0.972)7.839 (0.854)7.837 (0.798)
Clostridium phytofermentans妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6500.188 (0.379)2.494 (0.646)1.434 (0.698)
Streptococcus pneumoniae妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.681-0.039 (0.606)7.226 (0.704)6.940 (0.643)
Blautia hansenii妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.3560.046 (0.410)20.261 (0.318)19.447 (0.304)
Bacteroides xylanisolvens妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6850.032 (0.785)5.076 (0.651)4.995 (0.545)
α-氨基丁酸妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.836-0.042 (0.615)7.291 (0.838)7.023 (0.797)
谷氨酰胺妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.318-0.019 (0.729)26.044 (0.299)25.899 (0.256)
苯丙氨酸妊娠期抑郁（JPA v2）0.4940.045 (0.489)11.171 (0.673)10.661 (0.639)
谷氨酰胺妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.518-0.062 (0.327)16.308 (0.752)15.298 (0.759)
醛固酮妊娠期抑郁（JPA NEO）0.6350.025 (0.663)11.593 (0.710)11.395 (0.655)
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肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁——一项基于东亚人群的孟德尔随机化研究
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邓玲 , 李桦康 , 李霞 , 李启佳 , 林冰 , 郝柳映
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(5): 796-802
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (5) : 796 -802
肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁——一项基于东亚人群的孟德尔随机化研究
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邓玲, 李桦康, 李霞, 李启佳, 林冰, 郝柳映
作者信息
  • 成都中医药大学附属医院健康管理中心，四川 成都 610075
通讯作者:
郝柳映，E-mail:
作者简介:

邓玲（1994-），女，本科，主管护师，研究方向：围产期妇女全周期健康管理

Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and pregnancy depression:a Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations
Ling DENG, Hua-kang LI, Xia LI, Qi-jia LI, Bing LIN, Liu-ying HAO
Affiliations
  • Health Management Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507479
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摘要
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目的

利用孟德尔随机化（Mendelian randomization,MR）方法评估肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁的因果关系。

方法

利用东亚人群的全基因组关联研究数据，基于两样本MR方法评估216种物种级肠道菌群、61种血液代谢物对妊娠期抑郁的因果效应。反向MR方法评估妊娠期抑郁对已识别的肠道菌种和血液代谢物的影响，以排除反向因果偏倚。

结果

研究发现11种肠道菌种和4种血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁之间存在因果关联。其中，5种肠道菌种（Akkermansia muciniphila、Desulfovibrio piger、Providencia rettgeri、Clostridium phytofermentans、Ruminococcus obeum）和2种血液代谢物（谷氨酰胺、α-氨基丁酸）被认为是妊娠期抑郁的保护因素；而另外6种肠道菌种（Streptococcus pneumoniae、Blautia hansenii、Bacteroides xylanisolvens、Eubacterium dolichum、Prevotella veroralis、Streptococcus vestibularis）和2种血液代谢物（醛固酮、苯丙氨酸）则是妊娠期抑郁的危险因素。反向MR分析未发现存在反向因果关联。

结论

本研究鉴定出11种肠道菌种与4种血液代谢物，有望成为东亚人群妊娠期抑郁的潜在治疗靶点。

肠道菌群  /  血液代谢物  /  妊娠期抑郁  /  孟德尔随机化
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationships between gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and pregnancy depression using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Using genome-wide association study data from East Asian populations, a two-sample MR approach was employed to assess the causal effects of 216 species of gut microbiota and 61 blood metabolites on pregnancy depression. Reverse MR analysis evaluated the impact of pregnancy depression on the identified gut microbiota species and blood metabolites, thereby excluding reverse causality bias.

Results

The study identified causal associations between 11 gut microbiota species and 4 blood metabolites with pregnancy depression. Among these, five gut microbiota species(Akkermansia muciniphila, Desulfovibrio piger, Providencia rettgeri, Clostridium phytofermentans, and Ruminococcus obeum) and two blood metabolites (glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid) were identified as protective factors against pregnancy depression.Conversely, 6 gut microbiota species (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Blautia hansenii, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Eubacterium dolichum, Prevotella veroralis, and Streptococcus vestibularis) and two blood metabolites (aldosterone and phenylalanine) were identified as risk factors. Reverse MR analysis found no evidence of reverse causality.

Conclusion

This study identifies 11 gut microbiota species and 4 blood metabolites that may represent promising therapeutic targets for pregnancy depression in East Asian populations.

Gut microbiota  /  Blood metabolites  /  Pregnancy depression  /  Mendelian randomization
邓玲, 李桦康, 李霞, 李启佳, 林冰, 郝柳映. 肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁——一项基于东亚人群的孟德尔随机化研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 796 -802 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507479
Ling DENG, Hua-kang LI, Xia LI, Qi-jia LI, Bing LIN, Liu-ying HAO. Gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and pregnancy depression:a Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 796 -802 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507479
正文
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抑郁是妊娠期最常见的精神障碍之一，其患病率接近五分之一[1-2]。其病理机制尚未完全阐明，可能涉及遗传易感性、神经内分泌-免疫网络紊乱及社会环境应激等多因素共同作用[3]。近年来，肠-脑轴理论与多组学技术为其机制研究提供了新视角。例如，有研究发现妊娠期抑郁患者中Butyricicoccus、Rhodococcus、Papillibacter等菌属丰度较高，而健康人群则是Enterobacter、Adlercreutzia和Enterococcus等菌属丰度较高[3]。另有研究报道，五种血液代谢物（丙氨酸、亮氨酸、乳酸、葡萄糖和苯丙氨酸）在妊娠期抑郁患者中显著增加[4]。这些结果提示肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁存在密切关联。
然而，现有研究证据主要来源于观察性研究，难以有效区分所观察关联是真实的因果效应，还是由残余混杂因素或反向因果关系所致。孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR) 分析作为一种新兴的因果推断方法，通过遗传变异作为工具变量（instrumental variable, IV），有助于克服混杂偏倚与反向因果干扰。已有研究基于欧洲人群数据，使用MR方法探索肠道菌群、血液代谢物与围产期抑郁（定义为从妊娠期至产后一年内发生的抑郁）或产后抑郁的因果关系[5-8]，但尚未有研究专门聚焦于妊娠期这一特定的生理阶段。从妊娠期过渡到产后期，机体在神经内分泌调节、免疫信号传导及代谢特征等方面均发生显著变化[9]，提示妊娠期抑郁可能具备独特的病理机制。此外，不同种族人群在遗传背景、饮食习惯和环境暴露等方面存在明显差异，导致肠道菌群结构和血液代谢谱呈现显著的群体异质性[10]，使得基于欧洲人群的研究结论未必适用于东亚及其他族群。
基于上述背景，本研究利用东亚人群的全基因组关联研究（genome-wide association studies, GWAS）汇总数据，采用MR分析方法系统探究肠道菌群、血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁的因果关系。研究成果有望为东亚人群妊娠期抑郁的精准防治提供潜在的治疗靶点。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　研究设计
本研究整体分为两步骤分析框架，具体流程见图1。第一步，进行正向MR，采用两样本MR方法评估肠道菌群（步骤1A）和血液代谢物（步骤1B）对妊娠期抑郁的因果效应。第二步，进行反向MR，采用两样本MR方法评估妊娠期抑郁对正向MR识别出的阳性肠道菌群（步骤2A）和血液代谢物（步骤2B）的影响，排除潜在的反向因果偏倚。本研究选取了当前东亚人群中最新、规模最大的公开GWAS汇总数据。肠道菌群和血液代谢物的数据来自一项中国人群队列研究[11]，该研究提供了500个肠道菌群特征（涵盖门至种水平）和112种代谢物数据。为增强生物学解析的准确性，选取其中216个种水平的肠道菌群特征进行深入分析。同时，筛选出61种典型血液代谢物纳入研究，包括氨基酸及其衍生物（30种）、激素（10种）、维生素（10种）和微量元素（11类），而其他诸如人体测量、血常规及肝肾功能等指标则未纳入分析。妊娠期抑郁的数据则来源于一项日本人群队列研究[12]，该研究依据症状轨迹将围产期抑郁分为妊娠期、产后早期、产后晚期及慢性抑郁四种亚型。本研究选用其妊娠期抑郁亚型进行分析，样本总量为11 660人，分别来自两个基因分型平台（JPA NEO平台5 098人，JPA v2平台6 562人）。所有GWAS数据的来源及基本特征见表1。
1.2　数据来源
1.3　IV的筛选
为筛选合适的IV，实施以下程序：（1）IV显著性阈值设定：选择与肠道菌群和血液代谢物相关的单核苷酸多态性（single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP）作为候选IV，并参考既往研究[13]，设定显著性标准为P<1×10-5；（2）连锁不平衡修正：为确保所选SNP的独立性，应用东亚人群基因组为参考去除连锁不平衡（参数设定：r2<0.001，窗口距离=10 000 kb）；（3）特殊SNP剔除：排除了回文SNP，并通过MR Steiger过滤方法剔除那些与暴露因素相关性低于结局因素相关性的IV；（4）IV强度验证：删除F值小于10的SNP，以避免弱IV偏倚。F值的计算公式为[14]：F=R2×（N-2）/（1-R2），R2=2×EAF×（1-EAF）×β2/（2×EAF×（1-EAF）×β2+2×EAF×（1-EAF）×N×），其中，EAF为效应等位基因频率，β为等位基因效应值，sx为标准误差，N为样本量。
1.4　正向MR分析
采用两样本MR方法系统评估暴露（肠道菌群和血液代谢物）对结局（妊娠期抑郁）的因果效应。当IV数量大于3的情况下，主要统计方法是随机效应的逆方差加权（inverse variance weighted, IVW）法，而对于具有2～3个IV的情况，主要统计方法则调整为固定效应的IVW法[13]。为了进一步增强结果的稳健性和可信度，还将MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模式法和简单模式法作为补充方法。只有当五种方法的β值效应方向一致，并且IVW检验的结果在α=0.05水准时，方可认定研究结果具有统计学意义。而对于单个IV的情况，当Wald比率检验的结果在α=0.05水准时，认定研究结果具有统计学意义。鉴于结局数据为二分类变量，MR结果以比值比（odds ratio,OR）及其95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI）的形式报告。
1.5　反向MR分析
反向MR分析探究暴露（妊娠期抑郁）对结局（正向MR识别出的肠道菌群和血液代谢物）的因果关系。分析方法学框架与正向MR研究保持一致。在筛选妊娠期抑郁的IV时，因传统阈值（P<5×10-8）所得SNP数量不足，参考既往研究将显著性阈值放宽至P<5×10-6[15]。若反向MR结果不显著，将进一步增强正向MR分析结果的可靠性。鉴于结局数据为连续性变量，MR结果以β值及其95% CI的形式报告。
1.6　敏感性分析
为了验证MR分析所得因果关联的稳健性，开展了多维度敏感性检验。采用MR-Egger回归截距检验、MR多态性残差和离群值(Mendelian randomization-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, MR-PRESSO)检验水平多效性。基于IVW和MR-Egger方法的Cochran Q检验评估异质性。如果检验结果在α>0.05水准时，则认为没有检测到显著的多效性或异质性。所有的统计分析均基于R软件（版本4.4.0）的TwoSampleMR（版本0.6.14）包完成。
2　结果
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2.1　肠道菌群对妊娠期抑郁的因果效应
以216种肠道菌种为暴露，分别利用两个不同基因分型平台（JPA NEO与JPA v2）的妊娠期抑郁数据作为结局，进行了正向MR分析。综合两项分析结果，共发现11种肠道菌种对妊娠期抑郁存在因果关系。见图2。
以JPA NEO平台数据为结局时，鉴定出7种肠道菌种与妊娠期抑郁存在因果关系。具体如下：Akkermansia muciniphila（IVW，OR=0.937，95% CI：0.887～0.991，P=0.022）、Desulfovibrio piger（IVW，OR=0.945，95% CI：0.902～0.990，P=0.016）、Providencia rettgeri（IVW，OR=0.807，95% CI：0.719～0.905，P<0.001）、Clostridium phytofermentans（IVW，OR=0.807，95% CI：0.687～0.948，P=0.009）等4种菌种丰度增加与妊娠期抑郁风险的降低相关。相反，Streptococcus pneumoniae（IVW，OR=1.357，95% CI：1.093～1.683，P=0.006）、Blautia hansenii（IVW，OR= 1.279，95% CI：1.021～1.601，P=0.032）、Bacteroides xylanisolvens（IVW，OR=1.347，95% CI：1.048～1.731，P=0.020）等3种菌种丰度增加与妊娠期抑郁的风险增加相关。
以JPA v2平台数据为结局时，鉴定出4种肠道菌种具有因果关系。具体如下：Ruminococcus obeum（IVW，OR=0.804，95% CI：0.667～0.970，P=0.023）丰度增加与妊娠期抑郁风险的降低相关。相反，Eubacterium dolichum（IVW，OR=1.203，95% CI：1.005～1.440，P=0.044）、Prevotella veroralis（IVW，OR=1.163，95% CI：1.034～1.308，P=0.012）、Streptococcus vestibularis（IVW，OR=1.142，95% CI：1.028～1.269，P=0.014）等3种菌种丰度增加与妊娠期抑郁的风险增加相关。
2.2　血液代谢物对妊娠期抑郁的因果效应
以61种血液代谢物为暴露，分别利用两个不同基因分型平台（JPA v2与JPA NEO）的妊娠期抑郁数据作为结局，进行了正向MR分析。综合两项分析结果，共发现4种血液代谢物对妊娠期抑郁存在因果关系。见图3。
值得注意的是，谷氨酰胺在两项分析中均被鉴定为妊娠期抑郁的保护因素。
以JPA NEO平台数据为结局时，鉴定出2种血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁存在因果关系。具体如下：谷氨酰胺（IVW，OR=0.335，95% CI：0.139～0.808，P=0.015）水平升高与妊娠期抑郁风险的降低相关。相反，醛固酮（IVW，OR=1.328，95% CI：1.036～1.702，P=0.025）水平升高与妊娠期抑郁的风险增加相关。
以JPA v2平台数据为结局时，鉴定出3种血液代谢物具有因果关系。具体如下：谷氨酰胺（IVW，OR=0.420，95% CI：0.191～0.923，P=0.031）和α-氨基丁酸（IVW，OR=0.430，95% CI：0.214～0.864，P= 0.018）水平升高与妊娠期抑郁风险的降低相关。相反，苯丙氨酸（IVW，OR=5.121，95% CI：1.725～15.204，P=0.003）水平升高与妊娠期抑郁的风险增加相关。
2.3　反向MR分析
反向MR分析显示，妊娠期抑郁对正向MR所识别的阳性肠道菌群和血液代谢物均不存在显著的因果关联。见图4。
2.4　敏感性分析
敏感性分析支持上述正向MR阳性结果的稳健性。未发现水平多效性和异质性证据。见表2。
3　讨论
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本研究通过整合东亚人群的GWAS数据，采用MR方法系统评估了216种肠道菌种、61种血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁之间的潜在因果关系。分析结果显示11种肠道菌种、4种血液代谢物与妊娠期抑郁存在潜在的因果关联。反向MR分析未发现显著的反向因果关联，敏感性分析亦未检测到水平多效性和异质性，进一步支持MR阳性结果的稳健性。
本研究发现的部分菌种与妊娠期抑郁的因果关联得到了既往研究的支持。例如，一项动物研究表明，Akkermansia muciniphila具有抗抑郁作用，其机制可能通过提高肠道中血清素水平、抑制血清素转运蛋白的表达以及抑制肠道神经的激活来实现[16]。一项基于泰国人群的研究表明，Desulfovibrio piger的丰度与抑郁严重程度呈负相关[17]。关于Streptococcus pneumoniae的研究表明，该菌种可通过感染中枢神经系统导致海马区域脑源性神经营养因子和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子水平下降，并促使血液中促肾上腺皮质激素水平升高，从而诱发抑郁样行为[18]。Eubacterium dolichu丰度被发现与肥胖呈正相关[19]，而多项研究已证实肥胖是妊娠期抑郁的重要风险因素之一[20]。另有研究指出，Streptococcus vestibularis丰度增加与同型半胱氨酸水平升高相关[21]，后者又与抑郁症状严重程度呈正相关[22]。本研究结果不仅为既往发现提供了进一步支持，也为该领域未来的深入探索奠定了重要基础。
在血液代谢物方面，本研究发现谷氨酰胺和α-氨基丁酸对妊娠期抑郁具有保护作用，而醛固酮和苯丙氨酸则增加其风险。这些发现得到了既往研究的支持。醛固酮作为肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的重要效应分子，妊娠期生理性升高有助于适应血容量扩张，但其可能诱发中枢盐皮质激素受体过度激活，从而导致抑郁[23]。有研究表明，苯丙氨酸水平和妊娠期抑郁的严重程度呈正相关[4]，其潜在机制可能涉及通过竞争性抑制影响酪氨酸和色氨酸的合成通路[24]。谷氨酰胺作为人体重要的氨基酸，经过谷氨酰胺酶催化水解生成兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸，后者又经谷氨酸脱羧酶作用转化为抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸[25]。当谷氨酰胺水平不足时，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的合成受到抑制，尤其是γ-氨基丁酸的合成受阻更为明显，导致神经系统中兴奋性信号相对增强，这被认为是导致抑郁的一个重要机制之一[26]。此外，基于欧洲人群的MR研究也表明谷氨酰胺对抑郁具有保护效应[27]。对于α-氨基丁酸，一项来自日本人群的研究表明，其抗抑郁作用可能通过参与谷胱甘肽代谢发挥抗氧化效应而实现[28]。
需要承认，本研究存在若干局限性。第一，数据样本规模相对有限，这可能影响统计检验效力。第二，受限于现有公共数据库资源，仅纳入了61种血液代谢物，可能遗漏了某些与妊娠期抑郁相关的重要代谢物类别。第三，未进行多重比较校正，这可能增加假阳性发现风险。第四，缺乏个体级数据限制了更深入的分层分析。第五，暴露与结局数据分别来自中、日人群，尽管均属东亚人群，但在精细的遗传结构和环境因素上仍存在差异。因此，未来的研究应考虑使用背景更为统一（如同一国家或民族）的数据。此外，需要指出的是，仅血液代谢物谷氨酰胺在两个基因分型平台的分析中均显示显著关联，而肠道菌群的结果缺乏跨平台一致性。这可能由统计效能不足、假阳性风险，以及不同平台在分型质量和算法上的差异共同导致。因此，本研究宜被视为一项系统性的探索分析，旨在为后续研究提供具有优先级的科学假说。
总而言之，这项全面的MR研究揭示了东亚人群肠道菌群、血液代谢物和妊娠期抑郁的潜在因果关联，为该病的潜在干预靶点提供了初步线索，并为后续验证工作指明了优先方向。
基金
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  • 四川省干部保健科研课题(2024-501)
  • 四川省名中医传承工作室建设项目(川中医药函[2024]23号)
文献
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507479
  • 接收时间：2025-07-27
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-27
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四川省干部保健科研课题(2024-501)
四川省名中医传承工作室建设项目(川中医药函[2024]23号)
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    成都中医药大学附属医院健康管理中心，四川 成都 610075

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郝柳映，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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