Article(id=1324077784439587065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507287, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752940800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614343985, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614343985, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614343985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614343985, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=775, endPage=781, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077784942903546, articleId=1324077784439587065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of adverse childhood experiences on depression status in elderly people: a mediation effect analysis based on self-care ability, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the influence mechanism of adverse childhood experiences on the depression status of the elderly and test the mediating role of self-care ability between them.

Methods

Using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 1 811 elderly individuals aged 65 and above were included in the survey. The CES-D10 scale was used to assess the depression score, adverse childhood experiences were quantified through childhood lack of medical treatment and hunger experiences, and the activities of daily living (ADL) limitation index was used to measure self-care ability. Linear regression was used to analyze the direct associations among variables, and Process 4.2 Model 4 was used to analyze the mediating effect of self-care ability between adverse childhood experiences and the depression status of the elderly,while controlling for covariates.

Results

The number of childhood adverse experiences showed a significant positive correlation with depression scores, with a total effect value of 0.461 (95% CI: 0.093-0.830). Self-care ability showed a partial mediating effect, with an mediation effect of 0.050 (95% CI: 0.003-0.108), accounting for 10.90% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences can directly (89.10%) or indirectly through impairing self-care ability (10.90%) jointly increase the depression level of the elderly. It is recommended to implement early intervention throughout the life course, incorporating self-care ability maintenance into the core of elderly mental health services. The intervention measures should focus on vulnerable elderly populations, and through early screening and targeted intervention, improve psychological resilience, strengthen social support, and alleviate the long-term negative effects of childhood adversity.

, authors=Xiao-ying CHEN1, Jia-qian WU1, Yuan SU3, Qing-yan SI4, Min CHEN1, Ming-shu SI1, 2, authorsList=Xiao-ying CHEN, Jia-qian WU, Yuan SU, Qing-yan SI, Min CHEN, Ming-shu SI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming-shu SI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077788222849281, articleId=1324077784439587065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响研究——基于自理能力的中介效应分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响机制,检验自理能力在二者间的中介作用。

方法

利用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, CLHLS)数据,纳入1 811名65岁及以上的受访老年人。采用CES-D10量表评估抑郁得分,通过童年医疗缺失与饥饿经历量化童年不良经历,以日常活动能力受限指数衡量自理能力。运用线性回归分析变量间的直接关联,并采用Process 4.2 Model 4分析自理能力在童年不良经历和老年抑郁状况之间的中介效应,同时排除控制变量的影响。

结果

童年不良经历的数量与抑郁得分显著正相关,总效应值为0.461(95% CI:0.093~0.830),自理能力存在部分中介效应,中介效应值为0.050(95% CI:0.003~0.108),占总效应的10.90%。

结论

童年不良经历可直接(89.10%)或间接通过损害自理能力(10.90%)共同提高老年人抑郁水平。建议实施生命历程早期干预,将自理能力维护纳入老年心理健康服务的核心环节,干预措施重点聚焦脆弱老年人群,通过早期筛查并针对性干预、提高心理韧性、加强社会支持减轻童年逆境的长期负面影响。

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陈晓颖(2003—),女,本科,职称,研究方向:公共事业管理

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司明舒,E-mail:
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Research on the relationship between Chinese elderly health status, social security, and depression[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(12): 7496., articleTitle=Research on the relationship between Chinese elderly health status, social security, and depression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077797907497284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, awardId=23BSH096, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度国家社科基金研究项目(23BSH096), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077798029132101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, awardId=FJKX-2024XKB010, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年度福建省科协科技创新智库课题研究项目(FJKX-2024XKB010), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077798092046662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, awardId=FMYB2025145, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年福建省民政政策理论研究一般项目(FMYB2025145), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077788998795522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077789011378435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, companyId=1324077788998795522, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077789023961348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, companyId=1324077788998795522, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建医科大学卫生管理学院,福建 福州 350122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077789124624645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077789313368326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, companyId=1324077789124624645, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.福建省医药卫生体制改革研究会健康养老专业委员会,福建 福州 350122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077789414031623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077789422420232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, companyId=1324077789414031623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077789560832265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077789573415178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, companyId=1324077789560832265, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.山东第一医科大学马克思主义学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077794510111028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of survey respondent screening, figureFileSmall=NpZQNrlJb+3+b+OdbaMD8g==, figureFileBig=ZhOWHqiH+pD4bohw8/akbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077794589802805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调查对象筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=NpZQNrlJb+3+b+OdbaMD8g==, figureFileBig=ZhOWHqiH+pD4bohw8/akbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077794812100918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Mediation model of activities of daily living limitations, figureFileSmall=Q0GWNReG1qLUO2a4qL/fBg==, figureFileBig=rT0LMHjGd7SpoSSvT5dxGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077794900181303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=图2, caption=日常活动受限的中介作用模型图

直接效应:“ACEs” → “抑郁状况” (c'=0.411)

, figureFileSmall=Q0GWNReG1qLUO2a4qL/fBg==, figureFileBig=rT0LMHjGd7SpoSSvT5dxGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077794996650296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of baseline features between valid samples and excluded original samples [n(%), M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别有效样本(n=1 811)被排除原始样本(n=14 063)统计量χ2/Z值P值
性别男787(43.5)6 230(44.3)0.4520.501
女1 024(56.5)7 833(55.7)
户籍地城镇242(13.4)2 160(15.4)2.7100.100
农村1 569(86.6)11 903 (84.6)
年龄(岁)85(74,95)85 (73, 95)-0.7350.462
), ArticleFig(id=1324077795093119289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

有效样本与被排除原始样本基线特征比较[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别有效样本(n=1 811)被排除原始样本(n=14 063)统计量χ2/Z值P值
性别男787(43.5)6 230(44.3)0.4520.501
女1 024(56.5)7 833(55.7)
户籍地城镇242(13.4)2 160(15.4)2.7100.100
农村1 569(86.6)11 903 (84.6)
年龄(岁)85(74,95)85 (73, 95)-0.7350.462
), ArticleFig(id=1324077796787618106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis results of each variable (rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目[M(P25,P75)]童年负性事件日常活动受限抑郁得分
ACEs1(1,2)1
日常活动受限0(0,0)0.051*1
抑郁得分10(6,13.75)0.076**0.144***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324077796926030139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量相关分析结果(rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目[M(P25,P75)]童年负性事件日常活动受限抑郁得分
ACEs1(1,2)1
日常活动受限0(0,0)0.051*1
抑郁得分10(6,13.75)0.076**0.144***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797005721916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of depression scores among elderly people with different baseline characteristics [n(%), M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目调查对象抑郁得分(分)Z/H值P值
性别-4.076<0.001
男787(43.5)9(6,12)
女1 024(56.5)10(6,14.44)
年龄(岁)-4.492<0.001
60~79665(36.7)9(5,13)
≥801 146(63.3)10(6,14)
户籍地-0.1800.857
城镇242(13.4)10(6,13)
农村1 569(86.6)10(6,14)
居住地6.5240.038
城市353(19.5)9(5,13)
镇660(36.4)10(6,14)
乡798(44.1)10(6,14)
居住方式16.257<0.001
与家人同住1 446(79.8)10(6,13)
独居323(17.8)11(7,16)
养老机构42(2.3)11(5.75,15)
养老保险-1.8110.070
有972(53.7)9.5(6,13)
无839(46.3)10(6,14)
医疗保险-0.2280.820
有1 580(87.2)10(6,13.94)
无231(12.8)10(6,13)
吸烟-0.9020.367
是297(16.4)10(6,13)
否1 514(83.6)10(6,14)
饮酒-3.980<0.001
是296(16.3)9(5,12)
否1 515(83.7)10(6,14)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797114773821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同基线特征老年人抑郁得分比较[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目调查对象抑郁得分(分)Z/H值P值
性别-4.076<0.001
男787(43.5)9(6,12)
女1 024(56.5)10(6,14.44)
年龄(岁)-4.492<0.001
60~79665(36.7)9(5,13)
≥801 146(63.3)10(6,14)
户籍地-0.1800.857
城镇242(13.4)10(6,13)
农村1 569(86.6)10(6,14)
居住地6.5240.038
城市353(19.5)9(5,13)
镇660(36.4)10(6,14)
乡798(44.1)10(6,14)
居住方式16.257<0.001
与家人同住1 446(79.8)10(6,13)
独居323(17.8)11(7,16)
养老机构42(2.3)11(5.75,15)
养老保险-1.8110.070
有972(53.7)9.5(6,13)
无839(46.3)10(6,14)
医疗保险-0.2280.820
有1 580(87.2)10(6,13.94)
无231(12.8)10(6,13)
吸烟-0.9020.367
是297(16.4)10(6,13)
否1 514(83.6)10(6,14)
饮酒-3.980<0.001
是296(16.3)9(5,12)
否1 515(83.7)10(6,14)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797265768766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis of adverse childhood experiences on activities of daily living limitations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Bβt值P值
(常量)-0.072-0.2390.811
ACEs0.0930.0472.0740.038
性别0.1710.0582.3550.019
年龄0.7590.25011.155<0.001
户籍地-0.151-0.035-1.3320.183
居住地(城市为参照)
镇-0.182-0.060-1.7550.079
乡-0.148-0.050-1.3940.163
居住方式
(与家人同住参照)
独居-0.535-0.140-6.284<0.001
养老机构1.1810.1225.468<0.001
养老保险-0.126-0.043-1.8480.065
医疗保险-0.242-0.055-2.4830.013
吸烟0.1320.0331.3540.176
饮酒0.2110.0532.2510.025
R20.133
调整后R20.127
F23.001***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797370626367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ACEs对日常活动受限的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Bβt值P值
(常量)-0.072-0.2390.811
ACEs0.0930.0472.0740.038
性别0.1710.0582.3550.019
年龄0.7590.25011.155<0.001
户籍地-0.151-0.035-1.3320.183
居住地(城市为参照)
镇-0.182-0.060-1.7550.079
乡-0.148-0.050-1.3940.163
居住方式
(与家人同住参照)
独居-0.535-0.140-6.284<0.001
养老机构1.1810.1225.468<0.001
养老保险-0.126-0.043-1.8480.065
医疗保险-0.242-0.055-2.4830.013
吸烟0.1320.0331.3540.176
饮酒0.2110.0532.2510.025
R20.133
调整后R20.127
F23.001***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797488066880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Regression analysis of adverse childhood experiences and activities of daily living limitations on depression status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Bβt值P值
(常量)6.3085.015<0.001
ACEs0.4100.0532.2000.028
日常活动受限0.5390.1365.511<0.001
性别0.7370.0632.4400.015
年龄0.5860.0492.0050.045
户籍地-0.458-0.027-0.9740.330
居住地(城市为参照)
镇1.0440.0862.4200.016
乡0.8270.0711.8800.060
居住方式(与家人同住参照)
独居1.5280.1014.283<0.001
养老机构0.6860.0180.7590.448
养老保险0.0450.0040.1580.875
医疗保险-0.041-0.002-0.1020.919
吸烟-0.492-0.031-1.2150.225
饮酒1.1310.0722.9080.004
R20.055
调整后R20.048
F8.078***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797584535873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

ACEs和日常活动受限对抑郁状况的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Bβt值P值
(常量)6.3085.015<0.001
ACEs0.4100.0532.2000.028
日常活动受限0.5390.1365.511<0.001
性别0.7370.0632.4400.015
年龄0.5860.0492.0050.045
户籍地-0.458-0.027-0.9740.330
居住地(城市为参照)
镇1.0440.0862.4200.016
乡0.8270.0711.8800.060
居住方式(与家人同住参照)
独居1.5280.1014.283<0.001
养老机构0.6860.0180.7590.448
养老保险0.0450.0040.1580.875
医疗保险-0.041-0.002-0.1020.919
吸烟-0.492-0.031-1.2150.225
饮酒1.1310.0722.9080.004
R20.055
调整后R20.048
F8.078***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797697782082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Decomposition of total effect, direct effect, and mediation effect

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效应值 LLCIULCI效应量(%)
总效应0.460 70.187 80.092 30.829 1
直接效应0.410 50.186 50.044 60.776 389.10
中介效应0.050 20.026 90.002 60.108 210.90
), ArticleFig(id=1324077797794251075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077784439587065, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

总效应、直接效应及中介效应分解表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应值 LLCIULCI效应量(%)
总效应0.460 70.187 80.092 30.829 1
直接效应0.410 50.186 50.044 60.776 389.10
中介效应0.050 20.026 90.002 60.108 210.90
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童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响研究——基于自理能力的中介效应分析
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陈晓颖 1 , 吴佳倩 1 , 苏源 3 , 司庆燕 4 , 陈旻 1 , 司明舒 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(5): 775-781
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (5) : 775 -781
童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响研究——基于自理能力的中介效应分析
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陈晓颖1, 吴佳倩1, 苏源3, 司庆燕4, 陈旻1, 司明舒1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.福建医科大学卫生管理学院,福建 福州 350122
  • 2.福建省医药卫生体制改革研究会健康养老专业委员会,福建 福州 350122
  • 3.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院
  • 4.山东第一医科大学马克思主义学院
通讯作者:
司明舒,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈晓颖(2003—),女,本科,职称,研究方向:公共事业管理

Impact of adverse childhood experiences on depression status in elderly people: a mediation effect analysis based on self-care ability
Xiao-ying CHEN1, Jia-qian WU1, Yuan SU3, Qing-yan SI4, Min CHEN1, Ming-shu SI1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507287
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目的

探究童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响机制,检验自理能力在二者间的中介作用。

方法

利用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, CLHLS)数据,纳入1 811名65岁及以上的受访老年人。采用CES-D10量表评估抑郁得分,通过童年医疗缺失与饥饿经历量化童年不良经历,以日常活动能力受限指数衡量自理能力。运用线性回归分析变量间的直接关联,并采用Process 4.2 Model 4分析自理能力在童年不良经历和老年抑郁状况之间的中介效应,同时排除控制变量的影响。

结果

童年不良经历的数量与抑郁得分显著正相关,总效应值为0.461(95% CI:0.093~0.830),自理能力存在部分中介效应,中介效应值为0.050(95% CI:0.003~0.108),占总效应的10.90%。

结论

童年不良经历可直接(89.10%)或间接通过损害自理能力(10.90%)共同提高老年人抑郁水平。建议实施生命历程早期干预,将自理能力维护纳入老年心理健康服务的核心环节,干预措施重点聚焦脆弱老年人群,通过早期筛查并针对性干预、提高心理韧性、加强社会支持减轻童年逆境的长期负面影响。

童年不良经历  /  抑郁状况  /  自理能力  /  中介效应  /  老年人
Objective

To explore the influence mechanism of adverse childhood experiences on the depression status of the elderly and test the mediating role of self-care ability between them.

Methods

Using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 1 811 elderly individuals aged 65 and above were included in the survey. The CES-D10 scale was used to assess the depression score, adverse childhood experiences were quantified through childhood lack of medical treatment and hunger experiences, and the activities of daily living (ADL) limitation index was used to measure self-care ability. Linear regression was used to analyze the direct associations among variables, and Process 4.2 Model 4 was used to analyze the mediating effect of self-care ability between adverse childhood experiences and the depression status of the elderly,while controlling for covariates.

Results

The number of childhood adverse experiences showed a significant positive correlation with depression scores, with a total effect value of 0.461 (95% CI: 0.093-0.830). Self-care ability showed a partial mediating effect, with an mediation effect of 0.050 (95% CI: 0.003-0.108), accounting for 10.90% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences can directly (89.10%) or indirectly through impairing self-care ability (10.90%) jointly increase the depression level of the elderly. It is recommended to implement early intervention throughout the life course, incorporating self-care ability maintenance into the core of elderly mental health services. The intervention measures should focus on vulnerable elderly populations, and through early screening and targeted intervention, improve psychological resilience, strengthen social support, and alleviate the long-term negative effects of childhood adversity.

Adverse childhood experiences  /  Depression status  /  Self-care ability  /  Mediation effect  /  Elderly people
陈晓颖, 吴佳倩, 苏源, 司庆燕, 陈旻, 司明舒. 童年不良经历对老年人抑郁状况的影响研究——基于自理能力的中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 775 -781 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507287
Xiao-ying CHEN, Jia-qian WU, Yuan SU, Qing-yan SI, Min CHEN, Ming-shu SI. Impact of adverse childhood experiences on depression status in elderly people: a mediation effect analysis based on self-care ability[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 775 -781 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507287
童年不良经历(adverse childhood experiences,ACEs)指个体18岁前经历的、对其健康与发展造成伤害的创伤性或压力性事件,主要包括虐待、忽视和家庭功能障碍[1-2]。作为生命早期压力源,ACEs可通过生物-心理-社会机制对个体长期健康产生累积性影响。
研究证实,ACEs与老年期抑郁显著相关。ACEs与抑郁、焦虑等多种心理健康问题密切相关,且不良经历的复杂性与心理问题的严重性正向关联[3-5]。例如,经历四次或以上负性事件的个体,其抑郁风险显著高于经历较少者[6]。在中国老年人群中的研究也发现,童年逆境数量与老年抑郁风险存在正向关联[7],表明其影响具有长期性和累积性。
同时,ACEs亦与老年期自理能力下降相关。童年饥饿经历可能通过营养剥夺加速生物衰老进程,导致老年期日常活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)受限[8]。童年医疗资源匮乏可能削弱免疫系统,影响肌肉骨骼发育,引发老年期关节问题等,从而限制活动能力[9]。研究还表明,童年逆境的累积会加速中老年人ADL的恶化速度[10]。
自理能力受损是老年抑郁的重要风险因素。ADL受限可通过引发无用感、限制社会参与及增加孤独感而导致或加剧抑郁[11-12]。二者甚至可能形成“功能丧失-抑郁”的恶性循环[13]。在中国文化背景下,自理能力的丧失常伴随自我价值感下降,加之社会支持体系尚不完善,老年人更易因功能受限产生负面情绪。研究指出,中国老年人的抑郁症状与ADL受限密切相关,且农村和高龄老年人风险更高[11,14],凸显了自理能力在老年心理健康中的关键作用。
中国当前老年群体的童年经历具有特殊的时代背景,普遍遭遇过饥饿、医疗资源短缺等问题。现有研究已分别关注ACEs与成年期心理健康或生理功能的关联,但将ACEs、ADL受限与老年抑郁纳入统一分析框架的研究仍较缺乏。因此,本研究基于第八轮中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,构建以自理能力为中介的理论模型,探讨ACEs对老年抑郁的作用机制,以弥补现有研究空白,并为早期干预提供实证依据。
本研究数据来源于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, CLHLS)[15]。CLHLS 2018原始样本量为15 874名,为保证分析完整性,我们排除了ACEs、抑郁状况(CES-D10)、自理能力(ADL)及控制变量存在缺失的个案,最终获得有效样本1 811例,有效率为11.4%。
为评估高缺失率可能带来的选择偏倚,本研究比较了有效样本(n=1 811)与被排除样本(n=14 063)在性别、户籍和年龄上的分布差异。χ2检验与Mann-Whitney U检验结果显示,两组在性别(χ2 = 0.452, P=0.501)、户籍(χ2=2.710, P=0.100)及年龄(Z=-0.735, P=0.462)上均无显著差异。这表明有效样本在关键人口学特征上与总体样本具有可比性,选择偏倚风险相对可控。样本筛选流程见图1,基线特征比较见表1。
本研究被解释变量为老年人抑郁状况,采用中文版CES-D10量表测量,共10个条目,总分0~30分,分数越高抑郁症状越严重,该量表在老年人群中信效度良好[16-19]。核心解释变量ACEs,依据CLHLS数据选取“医疗缺失”“饥饿经历”两个指标进行评估(是为1,否为0),该测量能反映基本需求剥夺这一核心逆境维度[20-22]。中介变量为自理能力,采用ADL量表评估,每项受限计1分,总分越高表示能力越差[23]。控制变量包括人口学特征(性别、年龄等)、社会学特征(居住方式、保险参保)及生活方式(吸烟、饮酒)[24-26]。
使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行整理与统计分析。针对数据类型差异,对于分类变量采用频数和百分比进行描述,组间差异比较根据数据分布特性选择非参数检验方法,两独立样本Mann-Whitney U检验或多独立样本Kruskal-Wallis H检验。对于不服从正态分布的连续变量采用中位数和四分位数间距[M(P25,P75)]进行描述,用Spearman相关系数分析相关性。中介效应采用Process 4.2 Model 4进行显著性检验,采用bootstrap法进行检验,设置重复抽样次数5 000次,若95%置信区间上下限均不跨越零值,为效应有统计学意义。推断均采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
纳入的1 811名研究对象中,男性787名,占43.5%;女性1 024名,占56.5%。60~79岁665人,占36.7%;≥80岁1 146人,占63.3%。297人现在吸烟,占16.4%;1 514人现在不吸烟,占83.6%。296人现在常饮酒,占16.3%;1 515人现在不常饮酒,占83.7%。
本研究老年人抑郁得分[M(P25,P75)]为10(6,13.75)分。Spearman相关分析显示:ACEs数量与抑郁得分显著正相关(rs=0.076, P<0.01),与日常活动受限指数显著正相关(rs=0.051, P<0.05);日常活动受限指数与抑郁得分显著正相关(rs=0.144, P<0.001)。见表2。其中,ACEs与活动受限的相关系数较弱,可能源于:(1)ACEs测量维度有限(仅含物质剥夺类);(2)其影响具有长期性与复杂性,可能通过多种未观测路径间接体现;(3)自理能力受多种因素共同影响。这一微弱但仍显著的相关性提示,ACEs仍是自理能力的一个潜在远端风险因素。此外,不同性别、年龄、居住地等受访者的抑郁得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
在进行中介效应分析前,通过线性回归分析初步验证了变量间的直接关系及模型假设。所有分析均控制协变量的影响,结果如下:(1)ACEs对日常活动受限的预测作用。以日常活动受限为因变量、ACEs及控制变量为预测变量构建回归模型,结果显示,ACEs对日常活动受限具有显著正向预测作用(B=0.093,t=2.074,P<0.05),模型整体显著(F=23.001,P<0.05)。方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor,VIF)值均低于5,排除共线性干扰。见表4。(2)ACEs和日常活动受限对抑郁状况的预测作用。进一步以抑郁状况为结果变量,纳入ACEs、日常活动受限及控制变量进行回归分析。结果显示,在控制ACEs的影响后,日常活动受限仍对抑郁状况具有显著正向预测作用(B=0.539,t= 5.511,P<0.001),模型整体显著(F= 8.078,P<0.05)。VIF值均低于5,排除共线性干扰。见表5。
上述回归分析表明,ACEs对日常活动受限的预测作用显著,且日常活动受限对抑郁状况的独立贡献显著,初步支持日常活动受限作为中介变量的合理性。ACEs对抑郁状况的直接效应在控制M后仍显著,提示可能存在部分中介效应,需进一步通过bootstrap法检验间接效应的统计显著性。
此外,对上述两个线性回归模型进行了适配性检验。ACEs对日常活动受限的回归分析的决定系数R2为0.133,调整后R2为0.127(F=23.001, P<0.001)。ACEs和日常活动受限对抑郁状况的回归分析的R2为0.055,调整后R2为0.048(F=8.078, P<0.001),表明两个模型的F检验结果均达到非常显著的水平(P<0.001)。
Bootstrap法显示,ACEs对抑郁状况的总体影响显著,总效应值为0.461(95% CI:0.093~0.830)。控制日常活动受限后,ACEs对抑郁状况的直接效应仍显著,直接效应值为0.411(95% CI:0.045~0.776)。ACEs通过日常活动受限对抑郁状况的间接效应显著,中介效应值为0.050(95% CI:0.003~0.108)。见表6。这表明,ACEs不仅可以直接提高老年人抑郁水平,而且能通过提高ADL受限指数间接加剧抑郁状况。该直接效应和中介效应分别占总效应的89.10%、10.90%。日常活动受限在ACEs与抑郁状况三者变量间路径系数见图2。
本研究利用2018年CLHLS数据,探讨ACEs对老年抑郁的长期影响及自理能力的中介作用。结果显示,ACEs与老年抑郁显著正相关,且自理能力起部分中介作用(效应占比10.90%),表明其既可直接影响抑郁,亦能通过损害自理能力间接加剧风险。
这一发现与国内研究结论一致,支持了生命历程理论中的“早期逆境累积效应”假说[7]。童年逆境作为早期压力源,其影响可能持续至老年期。与国外研究[3-4]相比,本研究主要测量“医疗缺失”“饥饿经历”等物质剥夺维度,较少涉及心理层面内容,这既可能导致效应估计差异,也折射出中国特定历史社会背景下童年逆境的独特性。
本研究老年人抑郁得分中位数为10分。根据常用标准(得分≥10)[27],抑郁症状检出率为51.8%(939/1 811),高于既往报告(36.51%~41.35%)[14,28-29]。这一较高检出率可能与样本构成有关:农村户籍老人占86.6%,高龄老人(≥80岁)占63.3%,这些群体因资源相对薄弱、功能衰退等因素抑郁风险更高。结果提示需关注老年人抑郁问题并完善心理支持体系。
本研究发现,自理能力在ACEs与老年抑郁间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比为10.90%。该值处于文献中单一生理功能路径的常见区间(10%~25%)内[30]。但与使用更全面ACEs指标的研究相比,占比相对适中。其特点可能源于以下原因:(1)ACEs的测量仅包含“医疗缺失”与“饥饿经历”两类物质剥夺型逆境,其对心理健康的直接影响路径更多元;(2)自理能力评估采用侧重基本功能的ADL量表,若纳入更广泛的工具性ADL可能增强中介效应[10,27];(3)ACEs影响老年抑郁存在多重并行路径,如社会支持、心理弹性、慢性疾病等[7,31]。这些未被本研究完全纳入的变量共同解释了总效应,因此在多元机制框架下,自理能力作为单一中介变量,其10.90%的贡献度具有重要的理论意义与实践启示。
该结果证实了“早期逆境-生理功能受损-老年抑郁”的间接通路,与童年逆境加速失能[10]及失能与抑郁存在双向关系[13]的研究结论相印证。这表明在干预实践中,改善老年人的自理能力不仅是照护目标,也可能成为缓解童年逆境长期心理影响的一个切入点。
本研究发现,性别、年龄、居住方式及居住地与老年人抑郁水平显著相关。具体而言,女性抑郁得分更高,这可能源于其相对敏感的心理特质及传统家庭责任更重,增加了心理应激[32]。高龄老人的抑郁风险更高,这与年龄增长伴随的认知功能衰退及其感知有关[33]。独居老人得分更高,可能归因于其面临的情感隔离与孤独感。此外,居住于乡/镇的老年人抑郁得分显著高于城市老年人,主要由于城乡在生活条件、医疗资源与社会保障方面存在差距,这些均是抑郁的相关风险因素[34]。
本研究存在若干局限性。第一,横断面设计难以确定自理能力与抑郁的因果关系。第二,ACEs依赖回顾性报告,可能存在回忆偏倚,且仅测量医疗缺失与饥饿两个维度,未涵盖其他方面,可能低估其累积效应。第三,尽管纳入控制变量,仍可能存在未观测的混杂因素,且仅检验了单一中介路径。第四,样本缺失率较高,农村老年人占比过大,城乡分布不均,且数据侧重健康长寿老人,结论外推需谨慎。未来需采用追踪设计、更全面的测量工具及更具代表性的样本进一步验证。
综上,本研究基于2018年CLHLS调查数据,从生命历程理论的视角揭示了ACEs对老年抑郁状况的长期影响及其作用机制。建议实施生命历程早期干预,从源头减轻累积风险,将自理能力维护纳入老年心理健康服务的核心环节,干预措施重点聚焦女性、高龄、独居及农村户籍等人群,通过早期筛查与干预、提高心理韧性、加强社会支持等策略和措施,减轻童年逆境的跨生命周期心理负担,有利于树立积极老龄观与推动健康老龄化。
  • 2023年度国家社科基金研究项目(23BSH096)
  • 2024年度福建省科协科技创新智库课题研究项目(FJKX-2024XKB010)
  • 2025年福建省民政政策理论研究一般项目(FMYB2025145)
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507287
  • 接收时间:2025-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-20
基金
2023年度国家社科基金研究项目(23BSH096)
2024年度福建省科协科技创新智库课题研究项目(FJKX-2024XKB010)
2025年福建省民政政策理论研究一般项目(FMYB2025145)
作者信息
    1.福建医科大学卫生管理学院,福建 福州 350122
    2.福建省医药卫生体制改革研究会健康养老专业委员会,福建 福州 350122
    3.宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院
    4.山东第一医科大学马克思主义学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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