Article(id=1324077776436867194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614342078, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614342078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614342078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614342078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=834, endPage=839, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077776642388091, articleId=1324077776436867194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between children’s sleep quality and their behavioral intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages in Chengdu, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship of children’s sleep quality and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages in Chengdu. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study explores the parallel mediating effects of behavioral attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on the relationship between children’s sleep quality and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Methods

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used, based on the TPB and relevant literature on the influencing factors about children’s consumption behavior of sugar-sweetened beverages, a survey questionnaire was developed to investigate the behavioral attitude, subjective norm,perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention of children’s consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. In October 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2021 students from grades 3-5 of four schools in Chengdu as the research subjects. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between children’s PSQI, behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages. Under the control of gender, grade and region, the Bootstrap method was run using SPSS PROCESS component Model 4 to examine the mediating effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the relationship between children’s PSQI and intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages.

Results

There were differences in the scores of children’s consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages among different gender, grade and region. There was a significant positive correlation between children’s consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages and their behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, PSQI (r=0.588, r=0.624, r=0.552, r=0.165; P<0.001). Under the control of gender, grade and region, the mediating effect of children’s attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control towards sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior between PSQI and behavioral intention was significant, with an indirect effect of 0.136, accounting for 68.69% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Sleep quality affects children’s consumption behavior intention of sugar-sweetened beverages, and attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior have parallel mediating effects between sleep quality and behavioral intention.

, authors=Lin-lin FAN1, Li-hua JIANG2, 1, Shu-yi LIU1, Ying CHEN1, Shi-wei MEI1, Xin-yi TAN3, Ze-wei FAN1, Zhe-ran ZHOU1, Li ZHAO1, authorsList=Lin-lin FAN, Li-hua JIANG, Shu-yi LIU, Ying CHEN, Shi-wei MEI, Xin-yi TAN, Ze-wei FAN, Zhe-ran ZHOU, Li ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-hua JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077779926528132, articleId=1324077776436867194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系研究, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系,基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)探讨行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向间的平行中介作用。

方法

采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI),基于TPB和儿童含糖饮料消费影响因素相关文献编制儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向调查问卷。于2024年10月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取成都4所学校三~五年级共2 021名学生作为研究对象。采用Pearson相关分析儿童睡眠质量指数、含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向间的关系。在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,采用SPSS PROCESS组件Model 4运行bootstrap法检验含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范与知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量指数和含糖饮料消费行为意向间的中介作用。

结果

不同性别、年级和地区下儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向得分存在差异;儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向与行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、睡眠质量指数存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.588、0.624、0.552、0.165,P<0.001)。在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在睡眠质量指数与行为意向间的中介效应显著,间接效应为0.136,占总效应的68.69%。

结论

睡眠质量影响儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向,儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在睡眠质量与行为意向间存在平行中介作用。

, authors=范琳林1, 蒋莉华2, 1, 刘淑仪1, 陈颖1, 梅士伟1, 谭心仪3, 范泽炜1, 周哲然1, 赵莉1, authorsList=范琳林, 蒋莉华, 刘淑仪, 陈颖, 梅士伟, 谭心仪, 范泽炜, 周哲然, 赵莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒋莉华, authorNote=

范琳林(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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蒋莉华,E-mail:
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Differential analysis of PSQI,behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavioral intention in sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior based on different demographic characteristics ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数睡眠质量指数t/FP值行为态度t/FP值主观规范t/FP值知觉行为控制t/FP值行为意向t/FP值
性别2.8560.0044.568<0.0010.4310.6662.0440.0414.647<0.001
男1 0153.63±2.8812.23±4.6811.94±4.677.41±3.647.72±3.86
女1 0063.28±2.5811.30±4.4511.85±4.617.09±3.436.97±3.37
年级0.9240.3972.7470.06412.304<0.0018.295<0.0018.393<0.001
三年级8583.53±2.9412.04±4.7112.44±4.727.61±3.517.49±3.71
四年级7023.34±2.6611.59±4.5411.30±4.436.89±3.496.92±3.37
五年级4613.48±2.4411.51±4.4211.78±4.677.13±3.607.73±3.86
地区-8.979<0.0012.9180.004-0.4800.6310.9670.334-3.552<0.001
城市1 3643.05±2.4611.97±4.5811.86±4.657.30±3.587.14±3.56
农村6574.29±3.0811.33±4.5811.96±4.617.14±3.467.77±3.78
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790043189444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口统计学特征在睡眠质量指数、含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向上的差异性分析()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数睡眠质量指数t/FP值行为态度t/FP值主观规范t/FP值知觉行为控制t/FP值行为意向t/FP值
性别2.8560.0044.568<0.0010.4310.6662.0440.0414.647<0.001
男1 0153.63±2.8812.23±4.6811.94±4.677.41±3.647.72±3.86
女1 0063.28±2.5811.30±4.4511.85±4.617.09±3.436.97±3.37
年级0.9240.3972.7470.06412.304<0.0018.295<0.0018.393<0.001
三年级8583.53±2.9412.04±4.7112.44±4.727.61±3.517.49±3.71
四年级7023.34±2.6611.59±4.5411.30±4.436.89±3.496.92±3.37
五年级4613.48±2.4411.51±4.4211.78±4.677.13±3.607.73±3.86
地区-8.979<0.0012.9180.004-0.4800.6310.9670.334-3.552<0.001
城市1 3643.05±2.4611.97±4.5811.86±4.657.30±3.587.14±3.56
农村6574.29±3.0811.33±4.5811.96±4.617.14±3.467.77±3.78
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790164824261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection of sleep disorders in children and comparison with attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavioral intention scores about consumption behavior of sugar-sweetened beverages ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量睡眠障碍组(n=185)非睡眠障碍组 (n=1 836)t值P值
行为态度12.47±4.9011.69±4.552.1990.028
主观规范12.75±4.4611.81±4.652.6440.008
知觉行为控制7.44±3.577.23±3.540.7580.449
行为意向8.24±4.177.26±3.583.1060.002
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790273876166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

儿童睡眠障碍检出情况及其与含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向得分比较()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量睡眠障碍组(n=185)非睡眠障碍组 (n=1 836)t值P值
行为态度12.47±4.9011.69±4.552.1990.028
主观规范12.75±4.4611.81±4.652.6440.008
知觉行为控制7.44±3.577.23±3.540.7580.449
行为意向8.24±4.177.26±3.583.1060.002
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790387122375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of PSQI,behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention towards children’s consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages

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变量相关性
均值标准偏差1234
1.睡眠质量指数3.452.74
2. 行为态度11.764.590.125***
3. 主观规范11.894.640.129***0.610***
4. 知觉行为控制7.253.540.104***0.574***0.576***
5. 行为意向7.353.640.165***0.588***0.624***0.552***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790479397064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

儿童睡眠质量指数、含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量相关性
均值标准偏差1234
1.睡眠质量指数3.452.74
2. 行为态度11.764.590.125***
3. 主观规范11.894.640.129***0.610***
4. 知觉行为控制7.253.540.104***0.574***0.576***
5. 行为意向7.353.640.165***0.588***0.624***0.552***
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790567477449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation model testing and effect analysis

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回归方程 (n=2 021)拟合指标系数显著性
因变量自变量RR2FBβtP值
行为意向性别-0.677-0.093-4.242<0.001
年级0.0030.0010.0270.978
地区0.3750.0482.1340.033
睡眠质量指数0.1950.03819.8900.1980.1496.638<0.001
行为态度性别-0.870-0.095-4.316<0.001
年级-0.225-0.038-1.7310.084
地区-0.875-0.089-3.947<0.001
睡眠质量指数0.1850.03417.9390.2300.1376.109<0.001
主观规范性别-0.039-0.004-0.1900.850
年级-0.408-0.069-3.0970.002
地区-0.071-0.007-0.3150.753
睡眠质量指数0.1470.02211.1350.2190.1305.727<0.001
知觉行为控制性别-0.292-0.041-1.8620.063
年级-0.270-0.060-2.6770.008
地区-0.274-0.036-1.5920.112
睡眠质量指数0.1340.0189.1670.1400.1094.801<0.001
行为意向性别-0.429-0.059-3.701<0.001
年级0.2160.0472.9060.004
地区0.6290.0814.932<0.001
睡眠质量指数0.7070.500287.0440.0620.0472.8590.004
行为态度0.2030.25511.905<0.001
主观规范0.2730.34716.247<0.001
知觉行为控制0.2090.2039.889<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077790676529354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介模型检验和效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程 (n=2 021)拟合指标系数显著性
因变量自变量RR2FBβtP值
行为意向性别-0.677-0.093-4.242<0.001
年级0.0030.0010.0270.978
地区0.3750.0482.1340.033
睡眠质量指数0.1950.03819.8900.1980.1496.638<0.001
行为态度性别-0.870-0.095-4.316<0.001
年级-0.225-0.038-1.7310.084
地区-0.875-0.089-3.947<0.001
睡眠质量指数0.1850.03417.9390.2300.1376.109<0.001
主观规范性别-0.039-0.004-0.1900.850
年级-0.408-0.069-3.0970.002
地区-0.071-0.007-0.3150.753
睡眠质量指数0.1470.02211.1350.2190.1305.727<0.001
知觉行为控制性别-0.292-0.041-1.8620.063
年级-0.270-0.060-2.6770.008
地区-0.274-0.036-1.5920.112
睡眠质量指数0.1340.0189.1670.1400.1094.801<0.001
行为意向性别-0.429-0.059-3.701<0.001
年级0.2160.0472.9060.004
地区0.6290.0814.932<0.001
睡眠质量指数0.7070.500287.0440.0620.0472.8590.004
行为态度0.2030.25511.905<0.001
主观规范0.2730.34716.247<0.001
知觉行为控制0.2090.2039.889<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077792345862347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of the mediating effect

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效应变量点估计值置信区间(下限)置信区间(上限)相对效应百分比(%)
总效应0.1980.1400.256100.00
直接效应0.0620.0200.10531.31
间接效应合计0.1360.0940.17868.69
行为态度0.0470.0290.06623.74
主观规范0.0600.0390.08330.30
知觉行为控制0.0290.0160.04414.65
), ArticleFig(id=1324077792501051596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077776436867194, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应变量点估计值置信区间(下限)置信区间(上限)相对效应百分比(%)
总效应0.1980.1400.256100.00
直接效应0.0620.0200.10531.31
间接效应合计0.1360.0940.17868.69
行为态度0.0470.0290.06623.74
主观规范0.0600.0390.08330.30
知觉行为控制0.0290.0160.04414.65
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成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系研究
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范琳林 1 , 蒋莉华 2, 1 , 刘淑仪 1 , 陈颖 1 , 梅士伟 1 , 谭心仪 3 , 范泽炜 1 , 周哲然 1 , 赵莉 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(5): 834-839
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (5) : 834 -839
成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系研究
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范琳林(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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范琳林1, 蒋莉华2, 1 , 刘淑仪1, 陈颖1, 梅士伟1, 谭心仪3, 范泽炜1, 周哲然1, 赵莉1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都610041
  • 2.四川大学华西临床医学院/四川大学华西医院,四川 成都610041
  • 3.成都中医药大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
蒋莉华,E-mail:
作者简介:

范琳林(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

Relationship between children’s sleep quality and their behavioral intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages in Chengdu
Lin-lin FAN1, Li-hua JIANG2, 1 , Shu-yi LIU1, Ying CHEN1, Shi-wei MEI1, Xin-yi TAN3, Ze-wei FAN1, Zhe-ran ZHOU1, Li ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/The Fourth West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507018
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目的

了解成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系,基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)探讨行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向间的平行中介作用。

方法

采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI),基于TPB和儿童含糖饮料消费影响因素相关文献编制儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向调查问卷。于2024年10月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取成都4所学校三~五年级共2 021名学生作为研究对象。采用Pearson相关分析儿童睡眠质量指数、含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向间的关系。在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,采用SPSS PROCESS组件Model 4运行bootstrap法检验含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范与知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量指数和含糖饮料消费行为意向间的中介作用。

结果

不同性别、年级和地区下儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向得分存在差异;儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向与行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、睡眠质量指数存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.588、0.624、0.552、0.165,P<0.001)。在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在睡眠质量指数与行为意向间的中介效应显著,间接效应为0.136,占总效应的68.69%。

结论

睡眠质量影响儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向,儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在睡眠质量与行为意向间存在平行中介作用。

儿童  /  睡眠质量  /  含糖饮料  /  行为意向
Objective

To investigate the relationship of children’s sleep quality and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages in Chengdu. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study explores the parallel mediating effects of behavioral attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on the relationship between children’s sleep quality and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Methods

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used, based on the TPB and relevant literature on the influencing factors about children’s consumption behavior of sugar-sweetened beverages, a survey questionnaire was developed to investigate the behavioral attitude, subjective norm,perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention of children’s consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. In October 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2021 students from grades 3-5 of four schools in Chengdu as the research subjects. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between children’s PSQI, behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages. Under the control of gender, grade and region, the Bootstrap method was run using SPSS PROCESS component Model 4 to examine the mediating effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the relationship between children’s PSQI and intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages.

Results

There were differences in the scores of children’s consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages among different gender, grade and region. There was a significant positive correlation between children’s consumption behavioral intention of sugar-sweetened beverages and their behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, PSQI (r=0.588, r=0.624, r=0.552, r=0.165; P<0.001). Under the control of gender, grade and region, the mediating effect of children’s attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control towards sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior between PSQI and behavioral intention was significant, with an indirect effect of 0.136, accounting for 68.69% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Sleep quality affects children’s consumption behavior intention of sugar-sweetened beverages, and attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption behavior have parallel mediating effects between sleep quality and behavioral intention.

Children  /  Sleep quality  /  Sugar-sweetened beverages  /  Behavioral intention
范琳林, 蒋莉华, 刘淑仪, 陈颖, 梅士伟, 谭心仪, 范泽炜, 周哲然, 赵莉. 成都市儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 834 -839 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507018
Lin-lin FAN, Li-hua JIANG, Shu-yi LIU, Ying CHEN, Shi-wei MEI, Xin-yi TAN, Ze-wei FAN, Zhe-ran ZHOU, Li ZHAO. Relationship between children’s sleep quality and their behavioral intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages in Chengdu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 834 -839 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507018
近年来,我国儿童超重肥胖问题呈现日益凸显的态势[1],预计到2030年,超重与肥胖儿童青少年人数将攀升至约1亿人[2]。含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverages)是指在加工过程中人为添加了糖并且含糖量在5%以上的饮料[3],含糖饮料消费与儿童青少年超重肥胖风险密切相关[4]。研究发现,我国含糖饮料生产及消费呈现上升的趋势[5]。一项涵盖185个国家的研究显示,1990—2018年,3~19岁儿童青少年的含糖饮料摄入量增加了23%[6]。计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)认为,个体的行为意向是行为的直接前因,行为意向又由行为态度(对行为本身的评价)、主观规范(感知到的社会压力)及知觉行为控制(感知执行行为的难易程度)共同决定,近年来被广泛应用于健康、消费等行为领域[7]。研究表明,睡眠是影响个体饮食行为的重要因素,睡眠质量差的个体摄入碳酸饮料等食品的比例较高[8]。然而,现有研究多关注睡眠与饮食的直接关联,很少能基于系统的行为理论,从行为决策的心理过程出发,揭示睡眠质量影响消费行为意向的具体路径。因此,本研究以计划行为理论为基础,构建并检验一个中介模型,探讨行为态度、主观规范与知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向间的中介作用,为制定降低儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向的干预策略提供支持。
研究数据来源于2024年10月在四川省成都市采集的横断面数据,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,按照城市和农村进行分层,各随机抽取2所学校,对抽取学校的三~五年级学生进行问卷调查。本研究共纳入2 132名研究对象,在剔除了关键变量缺失率>20%及存在逻辑错误的样本后,共纳入有效分析对象2 021人。据此计算,占本研究样本的94.79%。研究已获四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院伦理委员会批准(批准号:Gwll2024176),所有纳入本研究的儿童的监护人均签署了知情同意书。
以Ajzen的计划行为理论[7]及含糖饮料消费影响因素相关文献为基础,构建儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向调查问卷,分别包括5、6、3和4个条目,内部一致性系数α分别为0.792、0.741、0.804、0.829。对各条目采用Likert五点计分法,从“非常不同意”(1分)到“非常同意”(5分),各维度所求条目之和为该维度总分。行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、行为意向维度得分越高,分别表明儿童对含糖饮料持有越积极的评价、感受到的消费含糖饮料的支持性社会压力越大、认为获取含糖饮料越容易、消费含糖饮料的意愿更高。
采用由Buysse等人[9]编制的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI),量表包括18个条目,涵盖7个维度,量表总分介于0~21分,总分越高表明睡眠质量越差,总分超过7分者判定为存在睡眠障碍。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α为0.642,可以接受。
使用SPSS 26.0进行统计学分析,定性资料用率表示,定量资料用(均数±标准差)表示。使用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析检验不同地区、性别及年级学生在睡眠质量指数、含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向间的差异。采用Pearson相关分析各变量间的关系。在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,采用SPSS PROCESS组件Model 4运行bootstrap法检验含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在儿童睡眠质量指数与含糖饮料消费行为意向间的中介作用。检验水准α=0.05。
男性1 015人(50.22%),女性1 006人(49.78%);三年级学生858人(42.45%),四年级学生702人(34.74%),五年级学生461人(22.81%);城市学生1 364人(67.49%),农村学生657人(32.51%)。见表1。
研究对象的行为意向得分为(7.35±3.64),男生的含糖饮料消费行为意向得分为(7.72±3.86),高于女生的(6.97±3.37);农村儿童的含糖饮料消费行为意向得分为(7.77±3.78),高于城市儿童的(7.14±3.56),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)且儿童的含糖饮料消费行为意向得分存在显著的年级差异(P<0.001)。见表1。
研究结果表明,有9.15%(185/2 021)的儿童存在睡眠障碍,是否存在睡眠障碍的儿童在行为态度(P<0.05)、主观规范(P<0.01)和行为意向(P<0.01)上存在差异。见表2。
相关性研究发现,儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向与行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、睡眠质量指数存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.588、0.624、0.552、0.165,P<0.001)。见表3。
在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,采用SPSS PROCESS组件Model 4检验含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制的中介作用。睡眠质量指数对含糖饮料消费行为意向的预测作用显著(β=0.149,P<0.001),在纳入中介变量行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制后,睡眠质量指数对含糖饮料消费行为意向的预测作用仍然显著(β=0.047,P<0.01)。睡眠质量指数对含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的预测作用显著(β=0.137、0.130、0.109,P<0.001),含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对行为意向的预测作用也显著(β=0.255、0.347、0.203,P<0.001)。见表4。经中介模型检验,含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的中介效应显著,间接效应为0.136,占总效应的68.69%。见表5。
本研究探讨了2024年成都市三~五年级城市和农村学生的含糖饮料消费行为意向情况及其与睡眠质量、行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的关系,结果表明在控制性别、年级和地区的情况下,行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在睡眠质量与儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系中起着平行中介作用。本次调查显示,2024年成都儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向处于偏低的水平,且在不同性别、年级和地区下存在显著差异。男生的含糖饮料消费行为意向高于女生,这一发现与更广泛的含糖饮料消费模式研究结论一致:即有研究指出男生的各类饮料饮用率高于女生[10],提示了男性在饮料消费领域可能存在更活跃的倾向。本次研究发现,儿童的含糖饮料消费行为意向得分存在显著的年级差异,这一模式可能与家庭环境因素有关。已有研究发现,父母的教育背景及居住方式均会对儿童饮食产生影响[11]。既往研究指出,农村学生的饮料消费率高于县城学生[12],本研究显示,农村儿童的含糖饮料消费行为意向高于城市儿童。这提示在含糖饮料消费问题上,城乡差异不仅体现在实际行为,也可能存在于前期的心理意向阶段。
研究发现,儿童含糖饮料消费行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对行为意向有正向预测作用,支持了计划行为理论的核心观点[7]。儿童对消费含糖饮料的态度越积极、感知到的社会支持越强、认为获取饮料越容易,其消费意向就越强烈。中介效应分析显示,睡眠质量不仅直接影响儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向,还通过行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制间接影响。一方面,睡眠质量越差,儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向越强。这可能与睡眠剥夺导致的生理与神经功能改变有关,睡眠质量不佳可能会导致个体食欲调节紊乱,增加对高热量食物的渴望,进而增加肥胖风险[13]。睡眠不足易使个体出现疲劳、焦虑等状态[14],而含糖饮料中的咖啡因作为一种神经兴奋剂[15]与糖分共同摄入,可能短期内提高人体的能量和情绪,因此睡眠不足的儿童可能更容易受到含糖饮料的吸引。另一方面,睡眠质量越差,行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制得分越高。睡眠质量差的儿童可能因疲劳和情绪低落,将饮用含糖饮料重新评价为一种有效的提神方式或情绪慰藉手段,从而对其产生更积极的态度。疲劳状态可能使儿童对同伴的消费行为更为敏感,或更渴望通过遵从同伴行为来获得社交归属感,从而无形中强化了主观规范。睡眠不足导致的精力匮乏可能使儿童更倾向于选择最容易获得的食物,当他们认为含糖饮料在环境中触手可及时,这种高外部可得性与其低精力状态相结合,可能会使其在认知评估过程中把消费含糖饮料视为一种低成本高便利的选择。
综上所述,行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制在睡眠质量与含糖饮料消费行为意向的关系中存在平行中介作用。一方面,较差的睡眠质量不仅与更高的心血管疾病风险及焦虑状态等密切相关[16],还会增加个体对高热量食物的渴望[13];而高糖饮食是导致超重肥胖、糖尿病等慢性疾病的重要风险因素[17]。因此,在制定控制儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向的干预策略中必须将改善睡眠质量纳入其中。学校面向家长开展睡眠健康讲座,指导家长通过合理安排孩子的作息时间以保证儿童睡眠充足。家长应通过营造有利于睡眠的环境,改善儿童睡眠质量。另一方面,提升营养认知水平是一个已被证实有效的关键切入点。研究表明,提高小学生与初中生的营养认知水平,能有效减少其含糖饮料消费[18]。一是,要重视行为态度在儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向中发挥的重要作用:学校通过开展互动式含糖饮料健康教育课程[19],向儿童直观展示含糖饮料对身体的不良影响;家长可以通过日常沟通,定期与孩子讨论健康生活方式的重要性,以及不健康食品(如含糖饮料)对健康的危害。二是,学校应鼓励学生减少饮用含糖饮料,积极开展“健康饮水周”等活动,对健康饮水者给予奖励;家长应通过自己的行为为孩子树立健康饮食榜样,减少购买含糖饮料[20]。同时,在家庭、学校和社会协同构建健康的饮食支持性环境,降低含糖饮料的易得性,对减少儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向至关重要。家长可以在家中减少存放含糖饮料;学校餐厅和自动售货机应提供健康的饮料选择,如水、低脂牛奶;在公共场所推广免费饮水设施、在儿童活动密集区域限制销售含糖饮料;并探索征收含糖饮料税,通过制度设计(如价税分离标签)充分发挥糖税的税收凸显效应[21]。
本研究存在一定局限性:(1)该样本仅限于成都城市和农村的4所学校,地域与群体的代表性有限。(2)依赖调查对象自我报告数据,可能受个体记忆模糊性和主观倾向影响。(3)本研究采用横断面设计,缺乏对儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向变化的长期追踪。未来应扩大调查范围并在不同样本中检验结果的普适性和稳健性;引入客观的测量方法;开展纵向研究探讨儿童含糖饮料消费行为意向的长期发展轨迹。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273748)
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507018
  • 接收时间:2025-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273748)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都610041
    2.四川大学华西临床医学院/四川大学华西医院,四川 成都610041
    3.成都中医药大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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