Article(id=1324077763942023269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614339098, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614339098, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614339098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614339098, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077716676424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='769', pageEnd='960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614327830, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614418028, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078095132655885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077716676424398, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=769, endPage=774, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077765544247398, articleId=1324077763942023269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations of serum vitamin B12 level with chronic liver diseases and the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in Chinese older adults, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aims to explore the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and the prevalence of chronic liver diseases in the older adults, and then provide clues for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Methods

This study was based on the data from the baseline of the West China Health and Aging Cohort Study from May 2022 to November 2023. A total of 4 563 subjects were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to explore the association between serum vitamin B12, liver steatosis or liver fibrosis, and chronic liver diseases.

Results

Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the Q1 level of serum vitamin B12, the Q4 level of vitamin B12 would increase the risk of viral hepatitis (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.23-3.19). Compared with the Q1 level, the Q4 level was positively correlated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) level, and this positive correlation was strengthened with the increase of serum vitamin B12 level (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.20-1.99). No significant correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value (P>0.05). In addition, linear correlations of serum vitamin B12 levels with both the hepatic steatosis group and the hepatic fibrosis group were found in this study.

Conclusion

This study found that an increase in serum vitamin B12 levels was associated with viral hepatitis in chronic liver diseases, and higher levels of serum vitamin B12 were also observed in patients with liver fibrosis, suggesting a possible complex relationship between vitamin B12 and liver diseases and providing new clues for further exploring the pathogenesis of liver disease.

, authors=Yang LIU1, Xiao WANG1, Lin CAI2, Ye LIAO1, Xin CHEN1, Liang LYU1, Jin-yu XIAO1, Tian-pei MA1, Meng-yu FAN1, Tao ZHANG1, Jia-qiang LIAO1, Chuan WANG1, Xia JIANG1, Juan LIAO2, Jia-yuan LI1, Lu LONG1, authorsList=Yang LIU, Xiao WANG, Lin CAI, Ye LIAO, Xin CHEN, Liang LYU, Jin-yu XIAO, Tian-pei MA, Meng-yu FAN, Tao ZHANG, Jia-qiang LIAO, Chuan WANG, Xia JIANG, Juan LIAO, Jia-yuan LI, Lu LONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia-yuan LI, Lu LONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077766827704431, articleId=1324077763942023269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病及其脂肪变性和纤维化程度的关系, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在探索老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病患病之间的联系,为防治慢性肝病提供线索。

方法

本研究基于华西老年人群健康队列在2022年5月—2023年11月的基线数据进行,共纳入4 563名研究对象。采用多因素logistic回归分析和限制性立方样条分析来探究血清维生素B12与肝脏脂肪变性、肝纤维化以及慢性肝病之间的关联。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析显示,与血清维生素B12的Q1水平相比,Q4水平将增加患病毒性肝炎的风险(OR=1.96,95% CI:1.23~3.19)。而与Q1水平相比,Q4水平与肝脏硬度水平呈正相关,且这种正相关性随着血清维生素B12水平的升高而增强(OR=1.55,95% CI:1.20~1.99)。血清维生素B12水平与受控衰减参数值之间没有这种相关性(P>0.05)。此外,在本研究中,血清维生素B12水平与肝脂肪变性组和肝纤维化组均存在线性相关性。

结论

本研究发现血清维生素B12水平的升高与慢性肝病中的病毒性肝炎相关,同时在肝纤维化患者体内也发现较高水平的血清维生素B12。这提示维生素B12与肝脏疾病之间可能存在复杂的联系,并为进一步探究肝脏疾病的发病机制提供了新的线索。

, authors=刘杨1, 王筱1, 蔡琳2, 廖叶1, 陈馨1, 吕良1, 肖金雨1, 马天佩1, 樊萌语1, 张韬1, 廖加强1, 汪川1, 姜侠1, 廖娟2, 李佳圆1, 龙璐1, authorsList=刘杨, 王筱, 蔡琳, 廖叶, 陈馨, 吕良, 肖金雨, 马天佩, 樊萌语, 张韬, 廖加强, 汪川, 姜侠, 廖娟, 李佳圆, 龙璐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李佳圆, 龙璐, authorNote=

刘杨(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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龙璐,E-mail:
李佳圆,E-mail:
龙璐与李佳圆为共同通信作者
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Metabolites, 2024, 14(11): 618., articleTitle=Unraveling the association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077781012840692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=62, issue=5, pageStart=766, pageEnd=773, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Rocco A, Compare D, Coccoli P, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rocco A, Compare D, Coccoli P, et al. Vitamin B12 supplementation improves rates of sustained viral response in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus[J]. 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Clinical Biochemistry, 2003, 36(8): 585-590., articleTitle=Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077776717873368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, awardId=2020YFC2006505, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC2006505), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077776789176537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, awardId=24NSFC240028, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFC240028), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077767104528496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077767117111409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, companyId=1324077767104528496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077767125500018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, companyId=1324077767104528496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077767230357619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077767238746228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, companyId=1324077767230357619, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院消化内科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077775711240397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Restricted cubic spline plot of the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and liver stiffness (LSM) categories, figureFileSmall=/76RmtJeeZ95WC7uZtYbwg==, figureFileBig=Bngc2glyTO623AABpp3m0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077775790932174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=CN, label=图1, caption=血清维生素B12水平与肝脏弹性检查分组的RCS关联图

注:图A为血清维生素B12水平与肝纤维化的RCS关联图;图B为血清维生素B12水平与肝脂肪变的RCS关联图;调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、婚姻状况、民族、BMI、吸烟状况、糖尿病史、高血压史、高脂血症史、心血管疾病史。

, figureFileSmall=/76RmtJeeZ95WC7uZtYbwg==, figureFileBig=Bngc2glyTO623AABpp3m0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077776000647375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chinese diagnostic reference standard for FibroScan ® Pro

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAP(dB/m)肝脂肪变分期LSM(Kpa)肝纤维化分期
CAP<238S0LSM<7.3F0
238≤CAP<260S17.3≤ LSM<9.7F1
260≤CAP<293S29.7≤LSM<12.4F2
CAP≥293S312.4≤ LSM<17.5F3
LSM≥17.5F4
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776071950544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FibroScan ® Pro中国诊断参考标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAP(dB/m)肝脂肪变分期LSM(Kpa)肝纤维化分期
CAP<238S0LSM<7.3F0
238≤CAP<260S17.3≤ LSM<9.7F1
260≤CAP<293S29.7≤LSM<12.4F2
CAP≥293S312.4≤ LSM<17.5F3
LSM≥17.5F4
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776164225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of general information between patients with chronic liver diseases and control population [M(P25,P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体(n=4 563)CLD(n=765)Non-CLD(n=3 798)统计值(W/χ2)P值
年龄(岁)68.00(64.00,72.00)68.00(64.00,72.00)68.00(65.00,72.00)1 421 0480.340
性别(女)2 617(57.40)458(59.90)2 159(56.80)2.2580.133
民族(汉族)4 515(98.90)753(98.40)3 762(99.10)1.8000.180
BMI(kg/m2)206.600<0.001
<18.5114(2.50)6(0.80)108(2.80)
18.5~23.91 971(43.20)198(25.90)1 773(46.70)
24.0~27.91 900(41.60)364(47.60)1 536(40.40)
≥28.0578(12.70)197(25.80)381(10.00)
吸烟情况3.4790.176
从未吸烟3 443(75.50)577(75.40)2 866(75.50)
现已戒烟427(9.40)83(10.80)344(9.10)
正在吸烟693(15.20)105(13.70)588(15.50)
婚姻状况—0.874
从未结婚4(0.10)1(0.10)3(0.10)
离异/分居118(2.60)20(2.60)98(2.60)
丧偶696(15.30)114(14.90)582(15.30)
已婚3 745(82.10)630(82.40)3 115(82.00)
教育水平34.904<0.001
小学及以下2 404(52.70)329(43.00)2 075(54.60)
初中1 160(25.40)229(29.90)931(24.50)
高中(中专)681(14.90)141(18.40)540(14.20)
大专及以上318(7.00)66(8.60)252(6.60)
糖尿病681(14.90)170(22.20)511(13.50)37.864<0.001
高血压1 671(36.60)365(47.70)1 306(34.40)48.145<0.001
高脂血症463(10.10)148(19.30)315(8.30)84.108<0.001
冠心病201(4.40)48(6.30)153(4.00)7.1040.008
血清维生素B12(pg/ml)477.80(375.80,611.45)491.30(380.40,632.70)476.35(374.47,605.65)1 379 970.50.029
LSM(kPa)69.264<0.001
< 7.33 931(86.10)586(76.60)3 345(88.10)
≥7.3632(13.90)179(23.4)453(11.90)
CAP(dB/m)166.62<0.001
<2382 340(51.30)229(29.90)2 111(55.60)
≥2382 223(48.70)536(70.10)1 687(44.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776269082835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

慢性肝病患者与对照人群的一般信息比较[M(P25,P75),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体(n=4 563)CLD(n=765)Non-CLD(n=3 798)统计值(W/χ2)P值
年龄(岁)68.00(64.00,72.00)68.00(64.00,72.00)68.00(65.00,72.00)1 421 0480.340
性别(女)2 617(57.40)458(59.90)2 159(56.80)2.2580.133
民族(汉族)4 515(98.90)753(98.40)3 762(99.10)1.8000.180
BMI(kg/m2)206.600<0.001
<18.5114(2.50)6(0.80)108(2.80)
18.5~23.91 971(43.20)198(25.90)1 773(46.70)
24.0~27.91 900(41.60)364(47.60)1 536(40.40)
≥28.0578(12.70)197(25.80)381(10.00)
吸烟情况3.4790.176
从未吸烟3 443(75.50)577(75.40)2 866(75.50)
现已戒烟427(9.40)83(10.80)344(9.10)
正在吸烟693(15.20)105(13.70)588(15.50)
婚姻状况—0.874
从未结婚4(0.10)1(0.10)3(0.10)
离异/分居118(2.60)20(2.60)98(2.60)
丧偶696(15.30)114(14.90)582(15.30)
已婚3 745(82.10)630(82.40)3 115(82.00)
教育水平34.904<0.001
小学及以下2 404(52.70)329(43.00)2 075(54.60)
初中1 160(25.40)229(29.90)931(24.50)
高中(中专)681(14.90)141(18.40)540(14.20)
大专及以上318(7.00)66(8.60)252(6.60)
糖尿病681(14.90)170(22.20)511(13.50)37.864<0.001
高血压1 671(36.60)365(47.70)1 306(34.40)48.145<0.001
高脂血症463(10.10)148(19.30)315(8.30)84.108<0.001
冠心病201(4.40)48(6.30)153(4.00)7.1040.008
血清维生素B12(pg/ml)477.80(375.80,611.45)491.30(380.40,632.70)476.35(374.47,605.65)1 379 970.50.029
LSM(kPa)69.264<0.001
< 7.33 931(86.10)586(76.60)3 345(88.10)
≥7.3632(13.90)179(23.4)453(11.90)
CAP(dB/m)166.62<0.001
<2382 340(51.30)229(29.90)2 111(55.60)
≥2382 223(48.70)536(70.10)1 687(44.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776357163220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression model results for serum vitamin B12 levels and chronic liver diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型血清维生素B12水平(pg/ml)P趋势值
Q1(<375.80)Q2(≥375.80~477.80)Q3(≥477.80~611.45)Q4(≥611.45)
慢性肝病
模型1Ref0.99(0.79~1.24)0.9(0.78~1.22)1.26(1.01~1.56)*0.013
模型2Ref0.99(0.79~1.23)0.96(0.76~1.20)1.23(0.99~1.53)0.025
模型3Ref0.99(0.78~1.26)0.92(0.72~1.16)1.15(0.91~1.45)0.144
非酒精性脂肪肝病
模型1Ref0.61(0.32~1.13)0.46(0.22~0.89)*0.57(0.29~1.07)0.096
模型2Ref0.64(0.33~1.19)0.50(0.24~0.99)*0.66(0.33~1.25)0.234
模型3Ref0.71(0.36~1.36)0.60(0.37~1.21)0.75(0.36~1.49)0.493
脂肪性肝病
模型1Ref0.99(0.76~1.30)1.03(0.79~1.35)1.23(0.95~1.60)0.123
模型2Ref0.96(0.73~1.26)0.96(0.73~1.26)1.12(0.86~1.46)0.434
模型3Ref0.96(0.72~1.27)0.91(0.68~1.20)1.03(0.78~1.37)0.968
病毒性肝炎
模型1Ref1.43(0.89~2.34)1.21(0.74~2.01)2.02(1.29~3.22)**<0.001
模型2Ref1.46(0.91~2.39)1.27(0.77~2.11)2.15(1.36~3.45)**<0.001
模型3Ref1.43(0.89~2.34)1.23(0.74~2.05)1.96(1.23~3.19)*0.002
肝硬化
模型1Ref0.80(0.30~2.03)1.10(0.46~2.65)0.70(0.25~1.82)0.821
模型2Ref0.86(0.33~2.19)1.29(0.54~3.13)0.87(0.31~2.30)0.463
模型3Ref0.83(0.31~2.14)1.21(0.50~2.99)0.72(0.25~1.97)0.725
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776453632213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病的logistic回归模型分析结果

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模型血清维生素B12水平(pg/ml)P趋势值
Q1(<375.80)Q2(≥375.80~477.80)Q3(≥477.80~611.45)Q4(≥611.45)
慢性肝病
模型1Ref0.99(0.79~1.24)0.9(0.78~1.22)1.26(1.01~1.56)*0.013
模型2Ref0.99(0.79~1.23)0.96(0.76~1.20)1.23(0.99~1.53)0.025
模型3Ref0.99(0.78~1.26)0.92(0.72~1.16)1.15(0.91~1.45)0.144
非酒精性脂肪肝病
模型1Ref0.61(0.32~1.13)0.46(0.22~0.89)*0.57(0.29~1.07)0.096
模型2Ref0.64(0.33~1.19)0.50(0.24~0.99)*0.66(0.33~1.25)0.234
模型3Ref0.71(0.36~1.36)0.60(0.37~1.21)0.75(0.36~1.49)0.493
脂肪性肝病
模型1Ref0.99(0.76~1.30)1.03(0.79~1.35)1.23(0.95~1.60)0.123
模型2Ref0.96(0.73~1.26)0.96(0.73~1.26)1.12(0.86~1.46)0.434
模型3Ref0.96(0.72~1.27)0.91(0.68~1.20)1.03(0.78~1.37)0.968
病毒性肝炎
模型1Ref1.43(0.89~2.34)1.21(0.74~2.01)2.02(1.29~3.22)**<0.001
模型2Ref1.46(0.91~2.39)1.27(0.77~2.11)2.15(1.36~3.45)**<0.001
模型3Ref1.43(0.89~2.34)1.23(0.74~2.05)1.96(1.23~3.19)*0.002
肝硬化
模型1Ref0.80(0.30~2.03)1.10(0.46~2.65)0.70(0.25~1.82)0.821
模型2Ref0.86(0.33~2.19)1.29(0.54~3.13)0.87(0.31~2.30)0.463
模型3Ref0.83(0.31~2.14)1.21(0.50~2.99)0.72(0.25~1.97)0.725
), ArticleFig(id=1324077776545906902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077763942023269, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression model analysis results of serum vitamin B12 levels and liver stiffness measurements

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模型血清维生素B12水平 (pg/ml)P趋势值
Q1(<375.80)Q2(≥375.80~477.80)Q3(≥477.80~611.45)Q4(≥611.45)
肝纤维化组
模型1Ref0.98(0.76~1.26)1.20(0.94~1.53)1.40(1.11~1.77)***0.003
模型2Ref0.99(0.77~1.28)1.25(0.98~1.59)1.47(1.16~1.87)**0.001
模型3Ref1.04(0.80~1.34)1.28(1.00~1.65)1.55(1.20~1.99)***<0.001
肝脂肪变性组
模型1Ref0.94(0.80~1.11)0.98(0.84~1.15)0.93(0.79~1.09)0.263
模型2Ref0.92(0.78~1.08)0.93(0.79~1.10)0.87(0.73~1.02)0.046
模型3Ref0.94(0.79~1.13)0.90(0.75~1.08)0.89(0.75~1.07)0.094
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血清维生素B12水平与肝脏弹性指标的logistic回归模型分析结果

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模型血清维生素B12水平 (pg/ml)P趋势值
Q1(<375.80)Q2(≥375.80~477.80)Q3(≥477.80~611.45)Q4(≥611.45)
肝纤维化组
模型1Ref0.98(0.76~1.26)1.20(0.94~1.53)1.40(1.11~1.77)***0.003
模型2Ref0.99(0.77~1.28)1.25(0.98~1.59)1.47(1.16~1.87)**0.001
模型3Ref1.04(0.80~1.34)1.28(1.00~1.65)1.55(1.20~1.99)***<0.001
肝脂肪变性组
模型1Ref0.94(0.80~1.11)0.98(0.84~1.15)0.93(0.79~1.09)0.263
模型2Ref0.92(0.78~1.08)0.93(0.79~1.10)0.87(0.73~1.02)0.046
模型3Ref0.94(0.79~1.13)0.90(0.75~1.08)0.89(0.75~1.07)0.094
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中国老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病及其脂肪变性和纤维化程度的关系
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刘杨 1 , 王筱 1 , 蔡琳 2 , 廖叶 1 , 陈馨 1 , 吕良 1 , 肖金雨 1 , 马天佩 1 , 樊萌语 1 , 张韬 1 , 廖加强 1 , 汪川 1 , 姜侠 1 , 廖娟 2 , 李佳圆 1 , 龙璐 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(5): 769-774
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (5) : 769 -774
中国老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病及其脂肪变性和纤维化程度的关系
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刘杨1, 王筱1, 蔡琳2, 廖叶1, 陈馨1, 吕良1, 肖金雨1, 马天佩1, 樊萌语1, 张韬1, 廖加强1, 汪川1, 姜侠1, 廖娟2, 李佳圆1 , 龙璐1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院消化内科
通讯作者:
龙璐,E-mail:
李佳圆,E-mail:
龙璐与李佳圆为共同通信作者
作者简介:

刘杨(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Associations of serum vitamin B12 level with chronic liver diseases and the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in Chinese older adults
Yang LIU1, Xiao WANG1, Lin CAI2, Ye LIAO1, Xin CHEN1, Liang LYU1, Jin-yu XIAO1, Tian-pei MA1, Meng-yu FAN1, Tao ZHANG1, Jia-qiang LIAO1, Chuan WANG1, Xia JIANG1, Juan LIAO2, Jia-yuan LI1 , Lu LONG1
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509121
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目的

本研究旨在探索老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病患病之间的联系,为防治慢性肝病提供线索。

方法

本研究基于华西老年人群健康队列在2022年5月—2023年11月的基线数据进行,共纳入4 563名研究对象。采用多因素logistic回归分析和限制性立方样条分析来探究血清维生素B12与肝脏脂肪变性、肝纤维化以及慢性肝病之间的关联。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析显示,与血清维生素B12的Q1水平相比,Q4水平将增加患病毒性肝炎的风险(OR=1.96,95% CI:1.23~3.19)。而与Q1水平相比,Q4水平与肝脏硬度水平呈正相关,且这种正相关性随着血清维生素B12水平的升高而增强(OR=1.55,95% CI:1.20~1.99)。血清维生素B12水平与受控衰减参数值之间没有这种相关性(P>0.05)。此外,在本研究中,血清维生素B12水平与肝脂肪变性组和肝纤维化组均存在线性相关性。

结论

本研究发现血清维生素B12水平的升高与慢性肝病中的病毒性肝炎相关,同时在肝纤维化患者体内也发现较高水平的血清维生素B12。这提示维生素B12与肝脏疾病之间可能存在复杂的联系,并为进一步探究肝脏疾病的发病机制提供了新的线索。

维生素B12  /  慢性肝病  /  肝脂肪变性  /  肝纤维化
Objective

This study aims to explore the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and the prevalence of chronic liver diseases in the older adults, and then provide clues for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Methods

This study was based on the data from the baseline of the West China Health and Aging Cohort Study from May 2022 to November 2023. A total of 4 563 subjects were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to explore the association between serum vitamin B12, liver steatosis or liver fibrosis, and chronic liver diseases.

Results

Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the Q1 level of serum vitamin B12, the Q4 level of vitamin B12 would increase the risk of viral hepatitis (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.23-3.19). Compared with the Q1 level, the Q4 level was positively correlated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) level, and this positive correlation was strengthened with the increase of serum vitamin B12 level (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.20-1.99). No significant correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value (P>0.05). In addition, linear correlations of serum vitamin B12 levels with both the hepatic steatosis group and the hepatic fibrosis group were found in this study.

Conclusion

This study found that an increase in serum vitamin B12 levels was associated with viral hepatitis in chronic liver diseases, and higher levels of serum vitamin B12 were also observed in patients with liver fibrosis, suggesting a possible complex relationship between vitamin B12 and liver diseases and providing new clues for further exploring the pathogenesis of liver disease.

Vitamin B12  /  Chronic liver diseases  /  Liver steatosis  /  Liver fibrosis
刘杨, 王筱, 蔡琳, 廖叶, 陈馨, 吕良, 肖金雨, 马天佩, 樊萌语, 张韬, 廖加强, 汪川, 姜侠, 廖娟, 李佳圆, 龙璐. 中国老年人血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病及其脂肪变性和纤维化程度的关系. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (5) : 769 -774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509121
Yang LIU, Xiao WANG, Lin CAI, Ye LIAO, Xin CHEN, Liang LYU, Jin-yu XIAO, Tian-pei MA, Meng-yu FAN, Tao ZHANG, Jia-qiang LIAO, Chuan WANG, Xia JIANG, Juan LIAO, Jia-yuan LI, Lu LONG. Associations of serum vitamin B12 level with chronic liver diseases and the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in Chinese older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (5) : 769 -774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509121
慢性肝病在我国有相当严重的疾病负担,其中病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病以及非酒精性脂肪肝是主要类型[1]。由于现代社会生活方式的转变,脂肪肝的发病率逐年上涨,这给国民健康带来了很大威胁[2]。此外,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)或非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)常常会合并有坏死性炎症,病程后期可能联合肝纤维化加重并导致肝硬化,甚至最终发展为肝癌[3]。
维生素B12作为一种重要的营养物质,介导一碳反应,因而在甲基化反应、核苷酸和氨基酸的合成以及红细胞发育等生理过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用[4]。由于肝脏是维生素B12代谢的重要器官,肝脏功能障碍就有可能会扰乱维生素B12的正常代谢,而血清中维生素B12水平的变化反过来又可能反映肝脏的健康状况。这一推测不仅暗示了维生素B12与肝脏疾病之间存在复杂的关联,而且还为进一步探究肝脏疾病的发病机制提供了新的线索可能[5]。
维生素B12还可以通过影响同型半胱氨酸的合成来影响NASH的发病风险[6]。在一篇系统综述中, Rose等[7]提出维生素缺乏与NAFLD的发生和对更严重肝损伤的易感性增加有关,但也有研究发现与健康对照组相比,NAFLD患者的血清维生素B12水平无统计学意义上的变化。郭婷婷等[8]研究者发现,在人体遭受乙肝病毒持续感染时,肝的生理功能会遭受损害,从而导致大量维生素B12被排至血液中,进而使其血清水平显著上升[9]。此外,还有研究表明维生素B12与NAFLD的发生和发展有关,终末期肝病患者由于肝功能严重受损,常面临食物摄取量降低和吸收不良等问题,这可能导致其维生素水平出现异常[10]。既往研究结论并不一致,且对于肝脏结局的分类多是定性结果的分类,而对于慢性肝病而言,肝脏脂肪变性是其主要的早期病变,肝纤维化程度的及早发现则可以有助于治疗,对这两种病变程度的量化可以获得更加敏感的肝脏功能变化。
目前有多种方法可以用于慢性肝病的临床诊断,其中肝活检被认为是诊断肝病的“金标准”,但其具有侵入性且伴有风险,因此在临床中的应用有所限制[11]。针对目前研究中对于肝脏病变量化的缺乏,本研究使用瞬时弹性成像检测对肝脏的脂肪变性和纤维化程度进行定量地展示。瞬时弹性成像作为一种高灵敏度的非侵入性检测方法,能够通过测量受控衰减参数(controlled attenuation parameter,CAP,dB/m)和肝脏硬度测量值(liver stiffness measurement,LSM,Kpa)来全面评估肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化的程度,这种操作简便的技术如今已在欧洲广泛应用于评估肝脏状况[12]。以往多项研究已采用瞬时弹性成像技术来探究维生素E与肝脏疾病之间的关系[13]。因此,本研究运用了瞬时弹性成像技术来探究维生素B12水平与肝脏硬度和肝脏脂肪变性程度之间的关系。
通过以上方法,本研究旨在探究血清维生素B12水平与慢性肝病、肝脏脂肪变性和肝纤维化程度之间的联系。这或许能为肝病的发展过程提供更深入的理解,并为肝病的预防和治疗提供新的方向。
为研究年龄相关疾病,华西老年人群健康队列项目收集了四川省60岁以上居民的健康信息和生物样本[14]。该队列研究已获得四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院医学伦理委员会的批准(HXSY-EC-2022034)。本研究的数据来自华西老年人群健康队列。队列基线调查于2022年5月启动,截至2023年12月共纳入10 626名参与者。排除标准:(1)严重的心血管、脑部、肺部、肾脏及其他器官疾病,以及重大神经和精神疾病的人;(2)腹部肥胖、腹水过多、肋间隙狭窄或转氨酶和胆红素水平过高(≥51 μmol/L)从而影响肝脏弹性测试的人;(3)在体检前二周内接受过静脉或口服维生素B12治疗的人;(4)问卷和体检数据不完整的人员后,本研究共纳入4 563名受试者。
获得受试者的知情同意后,采血过程由专业的临床医生严格按照无菌操作规范和采血流程进行。需要静脉采血的受试者至少应禁食8 h,需要血脂检测的受试者在采血前应禁食12~14 h。此外,药物摄入可能会干扰实验结果;因此,在采血过程中会询问受试者是否使用了任何可能显著影响检测结果的药物。采血完成后,将血液样本立即送往实验室进行检测。
慢性肝病包括:(1)自报正在服用抗病毒药物治疗肝炎或已被临床诊断患有肝病(包括病毒性肝炎、脂肪性肝炎、肝硬化等)达6个月以上的患者;(2)本研究中使用脂肪肝指数(fatty liver index,FLI)来评估研究对象中NAFLD的患病率,FLI是一种非侵入性的评估指标,能够准确预测肝脏脂肪变性。FLI的计算基于身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围、甘油三酯和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(gamma-glutamyl transferase,GGT)。
当FLI评分≥60时,该受试者可被诊断为患有NAFLD[15]。在本研究中,除了FLI值≥60这一标准外,辨别NAFLD患者还需排除以下情况[16]:(1)乙型肝炎(乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性)或丙型肝炎感染(丙型肝炎抗体阳性或丙型肝炎病毒RNA阳性);(2)过度饮酒(女性每天饮酒超过1杯,男性每天饮酒超过2杯)[17]。
鉴于本研究涵盖慢性肝病的多个亚组,并且不同制造商设备的弹性成像原理存在差异,因此诊断阈值不能混用。为了确保研究的准确性和科学有效性,根据FibroScan ® Pro用户手册中针对中国人群提供的诊断参考标准,对患者的肝脏脂肪变性和肝纤维化程度进行了评估。肝脏弹性检测值的分类见表1。根据肝脏弹性检查结果:CAP≥238 dB/m被定义为肝脏脂肪变性,而LSM≥7.3 kPa被定义为肝纤维化。
基线调查时使用问卷收集相关变量,包括年龄、性别(男性或女性)、种族(汉族或其他少数民族)、教育程度(小学以下、初中、高中、大专以上)、吸烟情况(从未吸烟、曾经吸烟或当前吸烟)、BMI、婚姻状况(单身、离婚/分居、丧偶、已婚)、糖尿病史、高脂血症史、高血压史或心血管疾病史。BMI分为体重过轻(<18.5 kg/m2)、正常体重(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重(24.0~27.9 kg/m2)或肥胖(≥28.0 kg/m2)。
服从正态分布的资料类型以()表示,不服从正态分布的资料以[M(P25,P75)]表示,分类变量则以数量(百分比)的形式呈现。采用两独立样本t检验比较正态分布数据的组间差异,采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较两组偏态分布数据的中位数差异,同时采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验对三组或更多组的数据进行比较。而对于分类变量间的差异分析,通过Pearson χ2检验或Fisher精确检验来进行分析。在确认组间比较结果存在统计学差异后,进一步采用Bonferroni校正分析,以便进行多次成对比较。采用多因素logistic回归分析来探究血清维生素B12与慢性肝病、肝脏脂肪变性和肝脏纤维化之间的关联。在模型2中,对年龄和性别进行了调整。在模型3中,调整了吸烟状况、教育水平、婚姻状况、BMI、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症和心血管疾病。同时,将血清维生素B12作为连续变量纳入模型,以计算P趋势。
限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)是一种用于拟合非线性关系的统计分析方法[18-20]。参考赤池信息量准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)和既往文献[21],当选择三个节点时,此时AIC值最小,本研究选取了血清维生素B12水平的三个节点(P25、P50和P75)来构建模型。此外,还对性别、BMI、年龄、吸烟状况、教育水平、种族、婚姻状况和疾病史进行了调整。
饮酒量是肝病一个比较重要的影响因素,但是由于本研究只收集了经常饮酒者的饮酒量,为了验证结论的稳健性,增加了敏感性分析,即只在不饮酒的人群里探索血清维生素B12与慢性肝病的关系。同样的,人群的膳食习惯对肝病也存在影响,但也存在收集不全的情况,并且本队列并未专门收集维生素B12摄入相关的膳食数据,所以在敏感性分析中,对有完整膳食信息的人群进行再次分析,以验证结果稳健。
在本研究中,使用Excel软件对收集的数据进行预处理和整理,并使用R 4.3.0统计软件进行进一步分析。RCS曲线使用ggplot2包绘制,其中OR值作为纵轴,血清维生素B12水平作为横轴。在统计检验过程中,遵循双侧检验原则,检验水准α=0.05。
总计纳入4 563名成年人,中位年龄68岁(64.00,72.00),其中57.40%为女性,绝大多数为汉族,占98.90%,见表2。慢性肝病组(CLD 组)和非慢性肝病组(Non-CLD 组)在 BMI、教育水平以及是否存在基础疾病方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。CLD组中存在基础疾病的患者比例高于对照组,其中高血压(47.70%)最为常见,其次是糖尿病(22.20%)、高脂血症(19.30%)和冠心病(4.4%)。
如表3所示,在未调整任何协变量的情况下,对比参照组,血清维生素B12的Q4水平会升高慢性肝病的患病风险;在调整了性别和年龄以后,血清维生素B12的Q3水平对于NAFLD仍然是保护因素;而在协变量中加入人口学特征和代谢病时,仅有血清维生素B12的Q4水平对病毒性肝炎的风险提高具有统计学意义。
如表4所示,与血清维生素B12的Q1水平相比,Q4水平与LSM水平呈正相关,且这种正相关性随着血清维生素B12水平的升高而增强。而在多因素logistic回归分析中,不同的血清维生素B12水平对于是否存在肝脏脂肪变性并无影响(P>0.05)。
图1显示了维生素B12水平与肝纤维化和肝脂肪变性指数之间的剂量-反应关系。调整后的结果表明,血清维生素B12水平与肝脂肪变性组和肝纤维化组均呈线性相关。P for all分别为0.012和0.014,P for nonlinearity分别为0.890和0.987。其中,当血清维生素B12水平达到477.70 pg/ml时,肝纤维化组OR值为1,说明在此水平下维生素B12对肝纤维化无影响。但随着血清维生素B12水平的升高,其与肝纤维化的正相关性逐渐增强。而在肝脂肪变性组中,当血清维生素B12水平为482.01 pg/ml时,对肝脂肪变性无影响。然而,随着血清维生素B12水平的升高,其与肝脂肪变性的负相关性逐渐增强。
在不饮酒的人群里,调整了所有协变量以后,与血清维生素B12的Q1水平相比,Q4水平会升高病毒性肝炎风险(OR=2.33,95% CI:1.45~3.83)和肝纤维化风险(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.24~2.19)。而将膳食习惯纳入调整后,与Q1水平相比,Q4水平会升高病毒性肝炎(OR=1.99,95% CI:1.36~2.97)和肝纤维化(OR=1.57,95% CI:1.25~1.98)的风险。这与前面得到的结果基本一致,证明结果相对稳健。
在这项横断面研究中,结果显示更高血清维生素B12水平会增加病毒性肝炎的风险。同时利用肝弹性成像指标深入研究表明,肝纤维化患者血清维生素B12水平相对较高,而肝脂肪变性患者的血清维生素B12水平却出现降低。
西班牙的一项研究与本研究具有相似的结果,即病毒性肝炎患者和肝硬化患者的体内都出现了不同程度的维生素B12水平的升高[22]。但在大多数的研究当中,维生素B12被认为能辅助药物治疗病毒性肝炎。Rocco等人[23]的实验显示,治疗肝炎病毒的药物联合维生素B12使用可以有效提高丙型肝炎患者的持续病毒反应率。一项综述里也总结道,维生素B12可以通过抑制丙型肝炎病毒的翻译来限制病毒复制,从而达到治疗病毒性肝炎的效果[24]。通过与既往研究的比较,此次研究结果有所不同,这种不一致可能是因为本研究属于横断面研究引起的反向因果效应,病毒性肝炎患者的血清维生素B12水平升高可能是其肝功能受损导致的代谢异常结果。
Li等人[17]分析美国人群数据,发现与非NAFLD人群相比,NAFLD患者体内的血清维生素B12水平较低,这与本研究结果高度一致。也有研究通过动物实验,验证了高水平的维生素B12可以通过降低血清同型半胱氨酸水平进而达到减少NAFLD的发生和纤维化[6]。而另一项研究则通过细胞实验证明,维生素B12的缺乏会增加肝细胞内的脂肪酸合成,也会减少脂肪酸氧化和线粒体呼吸,从而导致肝脏脂肪代谢的失调[25]。这两项研究不仅在统计分析结果上与本研究相似,还从实验的角度解释了维生素B12抑制肝脏脂肪变性的机制,具有十分重要的意义。
巴西的一项横断面研究表明,晚期纤维化患者的血清维生素B12水平明显高于纤维化程度较轻的患者,且维生素B12水平与纤维化分期呈正相关[26]。另一项研究发现,维生素B12摄入量与肝纤维化呈正相关,而在2017—2018年接受肝脏弹性成像的人群中,没有观察到与肝脂肪变性有显著关联[19]。这些发现与本研究结果一致,支持血清维生素B12和肝纤维化之间存在正相关的假设。但这并不意味着是血清维生素B12水平的升高才造成的肝纤维化程度的加深,这种结果的产生同样可能是由于横断面研究本身具有因果时序不明的局限性导致的,有综述就指出了,肝纤维化患者的血清维生素B12水平升高很可能是因为肝细胞溶解过程中储存的维生素B12释放或对体内维生素B12清除率下降所致[27]。
因此,联合前面得出的血清维生素B12与肝脏脂肪变性的负相关关系,可以发现,增加血清维生素B12水平在早期肝脏病变中是可以起到帮助治疗、缓解病变程度的效果;而在晚期肝病中则是一种生物标志物,提示肝脏代谢功能的恶化和纤维化、肝硬化的加重,至于是否能够作为风险因素来影响肝纤维化程度,则需要纵向研究或者随机实验的进一步验证分析。本研究的优势在于样本量大,在整个调查和数据分析过程中,遵循了质量控制原则,保证了数据的真实性和可靠性,并具有良好的样本代表性。除此之外,国内对大样本人群使用肝脏弹性成像的研究较少,但LSM和CAP值实际更能准确反映肝脏脂肪变性和纤维化程度,对肝脏功能更具有代表性。本研究也存在一些局限性。首先,由于这是一项横断面研究,不能直接确定肝病和肝纤维化严重程度与血清维生素B12水平之间的因果关系。为了寻找潜在的因果关系,本研究将每两年对研究人群进行定期随访调查,收集发病率数据,以便准确分析两个相关变量之间的因果关系。其次,由于现场的限制,本研究中使用的膳食问卷比较简单,无法准确获得膳食中维生素B12的摄入量,所以在后续调查中可以对问卷内容进行完善和优化。最后,本研究中慢性肝病的定义是基于既往病史和现场检测结果。由于研究对象的接受程度和现场条件的限制,本研究无法采用“肝活检”这一金标准来确诊肝脏疾病。
综上所述,本研究显示慢性肝病患者,尤其是病毒性肝炎患者的血清维生素B12水平较高。并且随着肝纤维化的加剧,血清维生素B12呈现较高水平。但对于病程初期的肝脂肪变性,较高水平的血清维生素B12可以缓解其发展。这提示了血清维生素B12对于病程后期的肝病和肝纤维化具有标志物的效用,而对于早期的肝脏脂肪变性则为其提供了预防和治疗的新思路。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC2006505)
  • 四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFC240028)
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2026年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509121
  • 接收时间:2025-09-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10
基金
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC2006505)
四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFC240028)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院消化内科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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