Article(id=1324077723177591524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509367, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758470400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614329380, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614329380, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614329380, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614329380, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077560820282023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614290671, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614391469, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077983656444429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077983660638734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1037, endPage=1041, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077724981142245, articleId=1324077723177591524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The role of emotional resilience and experiential avoidance in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the chain mediating role of emotional resilience and experiential avoidance in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), with particular attention to potential differences between fathers and mothers.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was employed. A total of 1 108 adolescents were surveyed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, Adolescents’ Emotional Resilience Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ, and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale. Mediating effects were examined using a bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method.

Results

The prevalence of NSSI in this sample was 24.64%. In the separate models, both paternal and maternal psychological aggression positively predicted adolescent NSSI. Emotional resilience and experiential avoidance played a chain mediating role between both paternal and maternal psychological aggression and adolescent NSSI. In the integrated model including both paternal and maternal psychological aggression, the direct and indirect effects of maternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI remained statistically significant. The direct effect was 0.17(P<0.01), the independent mediating effect of emotional resilience was 0.012 (95% CI: 0.003-0.025), the independent mediating effect of experiential avoidance was 0.019 (95% CI: 0.007-0.038), and the chain mediating effect via emotional resilience and experiential avoidance was 0.015 (95% CI: 0.006-0.028). In contrast, both the direct and indirect effects of paternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Emotional resilience and experiential avoidance play a chain mediating role in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and adolescent NSSI, with maternal psychological aggression playing a dominant role.

, authors=Meng-yu QU, Shi-san QI, Jia-ni CAI, Zhao-yan MENG, Lu ZHANG, authorsList=Meng-yu QU, Shi-san QI, Jia-ni CAI, Zhao-yan MENG, Lu ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shi-san QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077726503674608, articleId=1324077723177591524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为间的作用, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)间的链式中介作用及其父母性别差异。

方法

采用整群抽样法,使用亲子冲突解决策略量表、青少年情绪弹性问卷、接纳与行动问卷第二版、青少年自我伤害行为问卷对1 108名青少年进行调查;采用偏差校正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法检验中介效应。

结果

本样本人群中NSSI检出率为24.64%。单独模型中,父亲/母亲心理攻击均正向预测青少年NSSI,情绪弹性和体验回避在其中均起链式中介作用。父亲与母亲心理攻击纳入的综合模型中,母亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的直接和间接效应仍有统计学意义,直接效应为0.17(P<0.01),情绪弹性的独立中介效应为0.012(95% CI: 0.003~0.025),体验回避的独立中介效应为0.019(95% CI: 0.007~0.038),情绪弹性和体验回避的链式中介效应为0.015(95% CI: 0.006~0.028);而父亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的直接和间接效应均无统计学意义。

结论

情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年NSSI间起链式中介作用,其中母亲心理攻击发挥主导作用。

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曲萌雨(1996—),女,博士在读,研究方向:情绪调节与心理健康

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七十三,E-mail:
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曲萌雨(1996—),女,博士在读,研究方向:情绪调节与心理健康

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Social Development (Oxford, England), 2007, 16(2): 361-388., articleTitle=The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077731977241378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, awardId=KC2025009B, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(KC2025009B), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077726742749937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077726751138546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, companyId=1324077726742749937, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077726759527155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, companyId=1324077726742749937, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古师范大学心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077730882528024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chain mediation model of paternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI, figureFileSmall=epPgFZyPqgkG+obQPZSOag==, figureFileBig=ozR8rX2hv9j89pifbHoRfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077730962219801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=CN, label=图1, caption=父亲心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的链式中介模型

注:为简化模型呈现,图中未显示自变量与控制变量间的协方差路径、控制变量间的协方差路径以及残差,但在模型估计中均已考虑,下同。

, figureFileSmall=epPgFZyPqgkG+obQPZSOag==, figureFileBig=ozR8rX2hv9j89pifbHoRfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077731180323610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chain mediation model of maternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI, figureFileSmall=JdNcCobhCAtQTuHbJbYyDQ==, figureFileBig=XmJlnY87MOcJv9G2x3XDPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077731264209691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=母亲心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的链式中介模型, figureFileSmall=JdNcCobhCAtQTuHbJbYyDQ==, figureFileBig=XmJlnY87MOcJv9G2x3XDPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077731348095772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chain mediation model of parental psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI, figureFileSmall=XZJSrA5Mv8Byzo5iUxmBcA==, figureFileBig=WgJOI7f4KbVk8AscppLWzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077731431981853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=父母心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的链式中介模型, figureFileSmall=XZJSrA5Mv8Byzo5iUxmBcA==, figureFileBig=WgJOI7f4KbVk8AscppLWzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077731515867934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1234
1 父亲心理攻击1.85±3.76-
2 母亲心理攻击2.08±3.870.54c-
3 情绪弹性3.70±1.03-0.18c-0.23c-
4 体验回避2.80±1.350.26c0.31c-0.62c-
5 NSSI0.13±0.470.18c0.26c-0.23c0.28c
), ArticleFig(id=1324077731654279967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述统计结果和相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1234
1 父亲心理攻击1.85±3.76-
2 母亲心理攻击2.08±3.870.54c-
3 情绪弹性3.70±1.03-0.18c-0.23c-
4 体验回避2.80±1.350.26c0.31c-0.62c-
5 NSSI0.13±0.470.18c0.26c-0.23c0.28c
), ArticleFig(id=1324077731759137568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Bootstrap test results for the path from parental psychological aggression to adolescent NSSI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值95%CI
父亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→NSSI0.0050.000~0.015
父亲心理攻击→体验回避→NSSI0.0110.000~0.026
父亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→体验回避→NSSI0.0070.000~0.017
母亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→NSSI0.0120.003~0.025
母亲心理攻击→体验回避→NSSI0.0190.007~0.038
母亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→体验回避→NSSI0.0150.006~0.028
), ArticleFig(id=1324077731843023649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077723177591524, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

父母心理攻击至青少年NSSI路径Bootstrap检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值95%CI
父亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→NSSI0.0050.000~0.015
父亲心理攻击→体验回避→NSSI0.0110.000~0.026
父亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→体验回避→NSSI0.0070.000~0.017
母亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→NSSI0.0120.003~0.025
母亲心理攻击→体验回避→NSSI0.0190.007~0.038
母亲心理攻击→情绪弹性→体验回避→NSSI0.0150.006~0.028
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情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为间的作用
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曲萌雨 , 七十三 , 蔡佳妮 , 孟赵艳 , 张璐
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(6): 1037-1041
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (6) : 1037 -1041
情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为间的作用
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曲萌雨, 七十三 , 蔡佳妮, 孟赵艳, 张璐
作者信息
  • 内蒙古师范大学心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
通讯作者:
七十三,E-mail:
作者简介:

曲萌雨(1996—),女,博士在读,研究方向:情绪调节与心理健康

The role of emotional resilience and experiential avoidance in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents
Meng-yu QU, Shi-san QI , Jia-ni CAI, Zhao-yan MENG, Lu ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509367
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目的

探讨情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)间的链式中介作用及其父母性别差异。

方法

采用整群抽样法,使用亲子冲突解决策略量表、青少年情绪弹性问卷、接纳与行动问卷第二版、青少年自我伤害行为问卷对1 108名青少年进行调查;采用偏差校正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法检验中介效应。

结果

本样本人群中NSSI检出率为24.64%。单独模型中,父亲/母亲心理攻击均正向预测青少年NSSI,情绪弹性和体验回避在其中均起链式中介作用。父亲与母亲心理攻击纳入的综合模型中,母亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的直接和间接效应仍有统计学意义,直接效应为0.17(P<0.01),情绪弹性的独立中介效应为0.012(95% CI: 0.003~0.025),体验回避的独立中介效应为0.019(95% CI: 0.007~0.038),情绪弹性和体验回避的链式中介效应为0.015(95% CI: 0.006~0.028);而父亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的直接和间接效应均无统计学意义。

结论

情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年NSSI间起链式中介作用,其中母亲心理攻击发挥主导作用。

父母心理攻击  /  非自杀性自伤行为  /  情绪弹性  /  体验回避  /  性别差异
Objective

To explore the chain mediating role of emotional resilience and experiential avoidance in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), with particular attention to potential differences between fathers and mothers.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was employed. A total of 1 108 adolescents were surveyed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, Adolescents’ Emotional Resilience Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ, and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale. Mediating effects were examined using a bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method.

Results

The prevalence of NSSI in this sample was 24.64%. In the separate models, both paternal and maternal psychological aggression positively predicted adolescent NSSI. Emotional resilience and experiential avoidance played a chain mediating role between both paternal and maternal psychological aggression and adolescent NSSI. In the integrated model including both paternal and maternal psychological aggression, the direct and indirect effects of maternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI remained statistically significant. The direct effect was 0.17(P<0.01), the independent mediating effect of emotional resilience was 0.012 (95% CI: 0.003-0.025), the independent mediating effect of experiential avoidance was 0.019 (95% CI: 0.007-0.038), and the chain mediating effect via emotional resilience and experiential avoidance was 0.015 (95% CI: 0.006-0.028). In contrast, both the direct and indirect effects of paternal psychological aggression on adolescent NSSI were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Emotional resilience and experiential avoidance play a chain mediating role in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and adolescent NSSI, with maternal psychological aggression playing a dominant role.

Parental psychological aggression  /  Non-suicidal self-injury  /  Emotional resilience  /  Experiential avoidance  /  Gender difference
曲萌雨, 七十三, 蔡佳妮, 孟赵艳, 张璐. 情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年非自杀性自伤行为间的作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (6) : 1037 -1041 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509367
Meng-yu QU, Shi-san QI, Jia-ni CAI, Zhao-yan MENG, Lu ZHANG. The role of emotional resilience and experiential avoidance in the relationship between parental psychological aggression and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (6) : 1037 -1041 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509367
非自杀性自伤行为(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)指个体蓄意、直接、重复进行的伤害自己身体组织的行为,该行为无明确自杀意图[1]。NSSI常首发于青少年早期,在青少年群体中呈现高发态势[1]。元分析显示,世界范围内普通青少年NSSI的终生患病率为22.0%[2]。人际或系统模型指出,NSSI是家庭或环境功能失调的结果[3]。父母心理攻击指父母通过非身体暴力的形式,迫使子女持续性处于心理痛苦状态[4]。研究显示,父母心理攻击与青少年NSSI冲动密切相关[5],且青少年遭受的父母心理攻击越频繁,其NSSI越严重[6]。因此,探究父母心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的心理机制对于干预青少年NSSI、推动青少年身心层面的综合发展具有不可忽视的价值。
根据发展心理病理模型,养育环境中的创伤经验会阻碍个体情绪能力的发展,进而在成长过程中形成NSSI这一补偿性管理策略来应对发展中的问题[7]。情绪弹性指个体在遭遇情绪逆境时,能有效应对负性情绪并快速修复情绪状态的能力[8]。研究表明,父母心理攻击与子女更多的情绪问题和情绪管理失调紧密相关[9-10],同时情绪弹性能够负向预测青少年NSSI[11]。体验回避指个体倾向于回避或逃避不想要的内在体验,并采取措施改变这些体验发生的形式、频率或情境[12]。根据体验回避模型,负性刺激事件会引发个体的消极情绪体验,而对这一厌恶体验的回避是导致NSSI的核心要素[13]。研究表明,父母心理攻击等粗暴养育行为能增加青少年的体验回避倾向[14]。同时,体验回避对青少年NSSI具有直接影响[15]。较之非自伤者,自伤者对体验回避具有更高的偏好,并且其体验回避水平正向预测NSSI[16]。体验回避模型还指出,适应不良的情绪调节因素是加剧个体选择回避的方式来应对负性情绪体验的关键因素[13]。低情绪弹性者在面对负性情绪刺激时难以产生正性情绪,也无法从情绪痛苦中迅速回归平衡状态[8],导致负性情绪累积,进而易采取体验回避的方式加以应对[13]。研究表明,个体在缺乏有效应对负性情绪的能力时具有更高水平的体验回避[17]。据此,本研究旨在探究情绪弹性和体验回避在父母心理攻击与青少年NSSI间的链式中介作用。
此外,家庭系统理论强调,父子与母子子系统并非等同,彼此双向影响、共同作用于青少年发展[18]。父亲多与权威和规则相关联,承担着纪律规范的制定与监督;母亲则更多地提供日常照顾和情感关注,是情感支持的主要来源[19]。研究显示,父亲心理攻击与子女外化问题行为的关系更密切,母亲心理攻击与子女内化问题行为更密切,且相比父亲,母亲心理攻击更可能通过情绪机制作用于子女内化问题行为[9]。相关研究也发现,在同时考虑父母教养方式时,母亲拒绝正向预测青少年NSSI,而父亲拒绝对青少年NSSI的预测不显著[20]。据此,本研究旨在进一步探究父亲与母亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的不同影响。
采用公式n=Z2×[P×(1-P)]/E2进行样本估算,其中n为样本量,Z为统计量,P为概率值,E为允许误差。本研究中,Z=1.96(选取95%的置信度),P=23.2%(据以往文献,普通青少年在过去一年的NSSI患病率为23.2%[2]),E=3%,经计算,本研究所需样本量应不少于761。
于2024年6月,采用整群抽样法,对内蒙古2所中学的双亲家庭学生进行问卷调查。在获得施测学校准许、被试及其监护人知情同意后发放1 284份问卷,回收1 108份有效问卷,有效率为86.29%。其中,男生530人,女生538人,性别信息缺失40人;年级分布为初一226人、初二175人、初三186人、高一288人、高二233人;年龄范围11~19岁(岁,s=1.5岁),未报告年龄8人。本研究通过内蒙古师范大学心理学院伦理审查委员会审批(XL20250502)。
选用亲子冲突解决策略量表的心理攻击子量表[4],共5题,采用0(没经历过)~6(经历20次以上)计分。将被试在每题的得分转化为对应次数的中位数,作为经历父母心理攻击的频繁性指标,得分越高即被试感知的父母心理攻击越频繁。实证研究证实该量表中文修订版具备良好的信效度[18]。本研究中父亲和母亲心理攻击的Cronbach α系数分别是0.83和0.81。
选用青少年情绪弹性问卷[8],共11题,采用1(完全不符合)~6(完全符合)计分,5题使用反向计分,得分越高即被试情绪弹性水平越佳。本研究问卷的Cronbach α系数是0.85。
选用接纳与行动问卷第二版[12],共7题,采用1(从未)~7(总是)计分,得分越高即被试体验回避水平越高。本研究问卷的Cronbach α系数是0.91。
选用青少年自我伤害行为问卷[21],共18题。对于每题,需分别报告发生次数和伤害程度。次数采用4点计分(0次、1次、2~4次、≥5次,计0~3分),伤害程度采用0(无)~4(极重度)计分,两者乘积之和为自伤评估指标,得分大于0即存在自伤行为,得分越高即被试自伤程度越重。本研究问卷的Cronbach α系数是0.92。
父母受教育程度和家庭收入被视为家庭背景因素中最具代表性的核心指标[22]。其中,父母受教育程度包含6类,即小学及以下、初中、高中或中专、大专、大学本科、研究生,赋值1~6分[23];家庭月收入划分6个水平,即2千元以下、2千~4千元、4千~6千元、6千~8千元、8千~1万元、1万元以上,赋值1~6分[24]。家庭背景差异是父母教养方式影响青少年心理与行为发展的关键混杂因素[23]。将父母受教育程度和家庭月收入得分转化为标准分数[24],作为控制变量纳入后续模型估计。
使用SPSS 21.0与Amos 26.0分析数据。首先,所有量表项目的缺失率均小于2%,采用均值插补法填充缺失值。其次,共同方法偏差检验使用Harman单因子法;相关分析使用Pearson积差相关法;链式中介效应检验采用偏差校正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法(抽取5 000次)。
共有9个特征根大于1的因子,且第1个因子解释的变异量为23.40%(<40%),即不存在明显的共同方法偏差。
最近一年至少实施过一次NSSI的被试有273人,NSSI检出率为24.64%。父亲与母亲心理攻击、体验回避、NSSI两两间呈正相关(Ps<0.001),情绪弹性与上述变量均呈负相关(Ps<0.001),见表1。
在控制父母受教育程度和家庭月收入后,总效应检验显示,父亲心理攻击正向预测青少年NSSI(β=0.16,P<0.01)。进一步纳入情绪弹性和体验回避构建链式中介模型,模型拟合良好(χ2/ν=1.698, GFI=0.997, CFI=0.997, TLI=0.989, RMSEA=0.025),路径系数及显著性见图1。中介效应检验表明,情绪弹性和体验回避在父亲心理攻击与青少年NSSI间的独立及链式中介效应均有统计学意义,效应值分别为0.013(95% CI: 0.004~0.025)、0.024(95% CI: 0.011~0.042)和0.018(95% CI: 0.008~0.031),占总效应的比值分别为8.0%、15.2%和11.3%。
在控制父母受教育程度和家庭月收入后,总效应检验显示,母亲心理攻击正向预测青少年NSSI(β=0.24,P<0.01)。如图2所示,链式中介模型拟合良好(χ2/ν=1.543, GFI=0.998, CFI=0.998, TLI=0.992, RMSEA=0.022)。中介效应检验表明,情绪弹性和体验回避在母亲心理攻击与青少年NSSI间的独立及链式中介效应均有统计学意义,效应值分别为0.014(95% CI: 0.004~0.029)、0.025(95% CI: 0.011~0.043)和0.019(95% CI: 0.008~0.033),占总效应的比值分别为6.1%、10.6%和8.0%。
将父亲与母亲心理攻击作自变量,NSSI作因变量,加入控制变量(即父母受教育程度、家庭月收入)构建模型。总效应检验显示,母亲心理攻击正向预测青少年NSSI(β=0.21,P<0.01),父亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的预测无统计学意义(β=0.05,P>0.05)。
进一步构建链式中介模型(见图3),模型拟合良好(χ2/ν=1.559, GFI=0.998, CFI=0.998, TLI=0.991, RMSEA=0.022)。中介效应检验如表2所示,情绪弹性和体验回避在父亲心理攻击与青少年NSSI间的独立及链式中介效应均无统计学意义(95%置信区间包含0),而在母亲心理攻击与青少年NSSI间的独立及链式中介效应均有统计学意义,效应值占其总效应的比值分别为5.5%、9.1%和7.1%。
本研究发现,在单独模型中,父亲/母亲心理攻击正向预测青少年NSSI,情绪弹性和体验回避在其中均起链式中介作用,且两个模型的路径系数相近。这一结果表明,父母双方心理攻击对青少年NSSI的作用机制具有相似性,即父亲与母亲心理攻击均会导致青少年情绪弹性受损和体验回避增强,进而增加其NSSI风险。然而,当父母心理攻击纳入综合模型后,效应模式明显改变,即母亲心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的直接和间接效应仍保持统计学意义,而父亲心理攻击的直接和间接路径均不再有统计学意义。这一变化提示,在共同情境下父母双方心理攻击对青少年NSSI的相对影响权重存在差异。但这并非意味着父亲心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的真实效应消失,而是源于母亲心理攻击在模型中具有更高的解释力和独特贡献。
该结果符合家庭系统理论[18],拓展了以往将父母心理攻击视为整体探讨其与青少年NSSI关系的研究[6]。据Kraemer等人观点[25],父亲与母亲心理攻击均是青少年NSSI的风险因素,这两个相关的因素同时考虑时,父亲心理攻击的影响不再显著,即说明母亲心理攻击是主导风险因素,父亲心理攻击则为其代理风险因素。溢出假说为上述观点提供理论支持,即父子关系与母子关系相互关联,一方配偶对子女所采取的攻击性管教会影响另一方配偶选择同样的行为对待子女[4]。已有研究亦证实,母亲攻击性管教可正向预测父亲攻击性管教[26],两者往往相伴而生。这也解释为何单独模型中父亲与母亲心理攻击影响青少年NSSI的链式中介模型表现出均成立且路径系数相近的结果,同时突出将两者纳入综合模型分析的必要性。
青少年成长需要家庭持续的积极回应与接纳,而心理攻击的教养方式会使其情感需求无法满足[27],削弱家庭亲密度和情感支持功能[18]。较之父亲,母亲通常是家庭系统中子女情感和心理支持的主要来源,当母亲表现出高水平心理攻击时,子女会觉察其与期待的母亲角色不一致,难以建立稳定、安全的情感联结,从而更易出现情绪与行为问题[9-10],如NSSI。Klonsky指出,NSSI具有人际影响功能,青少年可能借此表达对亲子关系失调的不满或寻求情感回应[28]。因此,当母亲心理攻击导致亲子关系破裂或情感沟通受阻时,青少年更可能以NSSI作为表达和调节亲子关系的方式。
进一步地,已有研究指出,相较于父亲,母亲心理攻击对子女的影响倾向于表现出“情绪在前、行为在后”的模式[9]。这提示我们,母亲心理攻击对青少年NSSI的影响更可能经由内部情绪调节系统来实现,本研究结果与之相符。究其原因,一方面,青少年对父亲与母亲心理攻击的主观感知存在差异。在家庭中母亲是青少年主要的情感依恋对象[29],来自母亲的心理攻击更易被感知为情感拒绝或否定,从而引发其强烈的负性情绪体验[30];而父亲心理攻击与控制更易被理解为权威性或纪律性的行为[31],这一认知会削弱青少年对父亲不良教养行为的情绪反应[32]。另一方面,较之父亲,母亲对子女实施的攻击性管教更可能由强烈的负性情绪驱使[33]。这种情绪会通过心理攻击的方式优先传递给子女[34],同时心理攻击的母亲也为子女提供了情绪管理不良的榜样,导致子女产生情绪问题[35]。因此,母亲心理攻击相较父亲更可能阻碍子女情绪能力的发展[9],致使其在面对负性情绪刺激时难以及时、有效地调节情绪,易沉溺于愈演愈烈的负性情绪中,加剧体验回避倾向[13],最终采取NSSI这一非适应性情绪调节策略加以应对[15]。
综上,父母心理攻击不仅直接影响青少年NSSI,还通过削弱情绪弹性和强化体验回避间接作用于NSSI,且母亲心理攻击起主导作用。需注意的是,父亲心理攻击虽不占主导,但仍对青少年NSSI产生消极影响,这提示家庭干预并非无需关注父亲心理攻击,而是要以母亲心理攻击为重点。本研究仍存在局限:首先,横断设计限制了因果推断的合理性,研究结论应视为探索性结果;其次,数据来源于青少年自我报告,可能受主观偏差影响,未来研究可结合多信息源数据以提高结果的可靠性。
  • 内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(KC2025009B)
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2026年第53卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509367
  • 接收时间:2025-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22
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内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(KC2025009B)
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    内蒙古师范大学心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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