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Article(id=1324077605011469248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511178, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762876800000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614301207, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614301207, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614301207, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614301207, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077560820282023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614290671, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614391469, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077983656444429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077983660638734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1004, endPage=1008, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077605279904705, articleId=1324077605011469248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=HIV/AID epidemic characteristics in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS through expanded screening to provide evidence for epidemic assessment and response.

Methods

Data were obtained from an expanded HIV screening program conducted in a district of Chengdu between 2019 and 2024. After collection and cleaning, datasets were analyzed using Excel 2019 and R 4.5.0. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and composition ratios, with between-group differences assessed by chi-square tests. Analyses focused on HIV positivity rates and seroconversion rates.

Results

During the six-year period, the screening program reached 1 025 356 individuals, representing 76.17% of the target population, with a total of 1 901 438 tests performed. A total of 2 419 HIV-positive cases (1 463 cases were infected previously) and 221 seroconversion cases were identified. Most cases were male (75.86% and 69.23%, respectively) and aged 50 years or older (56.72% and 65.16%, respectively). The overall HIV positivity rate (, P<0.001) showed a significant increasing trend, whereas the seroconversion rate showed no significant trend (, P=0.241). The HIV positivity rate was highest in the 60-69 age group (376.92 per 100 000), while the seroconversion rate was highest in the 50-59 age group (81.56 per 100 000). The seroconversion rate among males was approximately 3.5 times that of females.

Conclusion

The epidemic is characterized by an increasing trend in the overall HIV positivity rate coupled with fluctuating seroconversion rates. Men over 50 years represent a key population at elevated risk, underscoring the need for targeted prevention and screening strategies in this demographic.

, authors=Yang SHI1, Min LI1, Wen-heng ZHAO1, Yi-fan ZHAO2, Dan MA2, Ding-lun ZHOU2, authorsList=Yang SHI, Min LI, Wen-heng ZHAO, Yi-fan ZHAO, Dan MA, Ding-lun ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ding-lun ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077610719917029, articleId=1324077605011469248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病流行特征分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

利用艾滋病扩大检测数据了解艾滋病流行情况，为科学研判疫情提供依据。

方法

基于成都市某区县2019—2024年艾滋病扩大检测，采用Excel 2019和R 4.5.0清洗、整理和分析数据，采用构成比进行统计描述、卡方检验比较差异，描述该地区艾滋病扩大检测中HIV阳性患者和血清转阳感染者的特征，以及筛查阳性率、血清转阳率的趋势。

结果

2019—2024年，成都市某区县累计完成艾滋病扩大检测1 901 438人次，覆盖1 025 356人，人群覆盖率达76.17%。共检出HIV阳性者2 419例（既往感染者1 463例），血清转阳感染者221例。阳性者与血清转阳感染者均以男性（75.86%，69.23%）和50岁以上人群（56.72%, 65.16%）为主。HIV筛查阳性率（，P<0.001）总体呈上升趋势，血清转阳率无显著趋势（，P=0.241）。60～69岁年龄组的阳性率（376.92/10万）为各年龄组最高，血清转阳率则在50～59岁年龄组最高（81.56/10万）。男性血清转阳率约为女性的3.5倍。

结论

HIV筛查阳性率呈上升趋势，血清转阳率波动，50岁以上中老年男性是高危群体。

, authors=师杨1, 李敏1, 赵文恒1, 赵祎凡2, 马丹2, 周鼎伦2, authorsList=师杨, 李敏, 赵文恒, 赵祎凡, 马丹, 周鼎伦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周鼎伦, authorNote=

师杨（1984—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防控制

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周鼎伦，E-mail:
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师杨（1984—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防控制

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Demographic characteristics of participants in HIV/AIDS expanded screening in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人次数(%)人数（%）
性别
男806 005(42.39)481 645(46.97)
女1 095 433(57.61)543 711(53.03)
年龄（岁）
<40763 549(40.16)465 163(45.37)
40～49240 478 (12.65)129 225(12.60)
50～59363 607 (19.12)194 079(18.93)
60～69260 474 (13.70)113 292(11.05)
70～79199 435 (10.49)88 015(8.58)
≥8073 886 (3.89)35 573(3.47)
NA9(0.00)9（0.00）
检测年份
2019119 681(6.29)89 464(8.73)
2020135 060(7.10)108 357(10.57)
2021187 728(9.87)154 872(15.10)
2022266 446(14.01)221 473(21.60)
2023514 776(27.07)403 923(39.39)
2024677 747(35.64)539 468(52.61)
检测次数（次）
1619 643(32.59)619 643(60.43)
2～3678 120(35.66)290 888(28.37)
≥4603 675(31.75)114 825(11.20)
检测机构
社区卫生服务中心/卫生院874 470(45.99)573 782(55.96)
医院993 889(52.27)597 322(58.26)
其他33 079(1.74)22 326(2.18)
合计1 901 4381 025 356
), ArticleFig(id=1324077618907197459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病扩大检测参与者的人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人次数(%)人数（%）
性别
男806 005(42.39)481 645(46.97)
女1 095 433(57.61)543 711(53.03)
年龄（岁）
<40763 549(40.16)465 163(45.37)
40～49240 478 (12.65)129 225(12.60)
50～59363 607 (19.12)194 079(18.93)
60～69260 474 (13.70)113 292(11.05)
70～79199 435 (10.49)88 015(8.58)
≥8073 886 (3.89)35 573(3.47)
NA9(0.00)9（0.00）
检测年份
2019119 681(6.29)89 464(8.73)
2020135 060(7.10)108 357(10.57)
2021187 728(9.87)154 872(15.10)
2022266 446(14.01)221 473(21.60)
2023514 776(27.07)403 923(39.39)
2024677 747(35.64)539 468(52.61)
检测次数（次）
1619 643(32.59)619 643(60.43)
2～3678 120(35.66)290 888(28.37)
≥4603 675(31.75)114 825(11.20)
检测机构
社区卫生服务中心/卫生院874 470(45.99)573 782(55.96)
医院993 889(52.27)597 322(58.26)
其他33 079(1.74)22 326(2.18)
合计1 901 4381 025 356
), ArticleFig(id=1324077618986889236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Demographic characteristics of HIV-positive individuals and seroconverters identified through expanded screening in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV阳性患者人数（构成比，%）血清转阳感染者人数（构成比，%）χ2值P值
性别4.7820.029
男1 835（75.86）153（69.23）
女584（24.14）68（30.77）
年龄7.6130.179
<40675（27.90）45（20.36）
40～49372（15.38）32（14.48）
50～59658（27.20）66（29.86）
60～69427（17.65）45（20.36）
70～79229（9.47）25（11.31）
≥8058（2.40）8（3.62）
检测年份35.443<0.001
2019184(5.32)6（2.71）
2020289(8.35)29（13.12）
2021417(12.05)40（18.10）
2022532(15.37)46（20.81）
2023965(27.88)66（29.86）
20241074(31.03)34（15.38）
), ArticleFig(id=1324077619062386709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2024年成都市某区县扩大检测HIV阳性患者及血清转阳感染者的人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV阳性患者人数（构成比，%）血清转阳感染者人数（构成比，%）χ2值P值
性别4.7820.029
男1 835（75.86）153（69.23）
女584（24.14）68（30.77）
年龄7.6130.179
<40675（27.90）45（20.36）
40～49372（15.38）32（14.48）
50～59658（27.20）66（29.86）
60～69427（17.65）45（20.36）
70～79229（9.47）25（11.31）
≥8058（2.40）8（3.62）
检测年份35.443<0.001
2019184(5.32)6（2.71）
2020289(8.35)29（13.12）
2021417(12.05)40（18.10）
2022532(15.37)46（20.81）
2023965(27.88)66（29.86）
20241074(31.03)34（15.38）
), ArticleFig(id=1324077619154661398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

HIV positivity rate in the expanded screening in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV阳性患者 值P值男性阳性患者 值P值女性阳性患者 值P值
人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)
年龄147.490<0.00171.403<0.00169.236<0.001
<40675145.11565267.1211444.82
40～49372287.86281448.5295141.19
50～59658339.01455474.10208208.41
60～69427376.92297528.19138232.75
70～79229260.24192459.394185.46
≥8058163.0554311.22421.50
检测年份16.000<0.00146.866<0.0010.0010.978
2019184205.67144401.044074.67
2020289266.71212487.7577118.41
2021417269.25312499.3106114.70
2022532240.21411429.8512296.89
2023965238.91740404.14238106.54
20241 074199.09793313.4128298.17
合计2 419235.921 844379.80600109.62
), ArticleFig(id=1324077619251130391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2024年成都市某区县扩大检测的HIV筛查阳性率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV阳性患者 值P值男性阳性患者 值P值女性阳性患者 值P值
人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)
年龄147.490<0.00171.403<0.00169.236<0.001
<40675145.11565267.1211444.82
40～49372287.86281448.5295141.19
50～59658339.01455474.10208208.41
60～69427376.92297528.19138232.75
70～79229260.24192459.394185.46
≥8058163.0554311.22421.50
检测年份16.000<0.00146.866<0.0010.0010.978
2019184205.67144401.044074.67
2020289266.71212487.7577118.41
2021417269.25312499.3106114.70
2022532240.21411429.8512296.89
2023965238.91740404.14238106.54
20241 074199.09793313.4128298.17
合计2 419235.921 844379.80600109.62
), ArticleFig(id=1324077619355987992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Seroconversion Rate among Individuals Screened in a District of Chengdu,2019-2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV血清转阳感染者 值P值男性血清转阳感染者 值P值女性血清转阳感染者 值P值
人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)
年龄11.162<0.0011.7820.1822.7230.099
<404530.713378.341211.50
40～493258.461984.661340.25
50～596681.5639106.452760.96
60～694574.0333117.401236.72
70～792553.7022103.00311.91
≥80850.95790.87112.50
检测年份1.3740.2415.1540.0230.3720.542
201968.47623.8700.00
20202925.472150.77811.03
20214023.172742.601311.90
20224620.773541.34118.04
20236621.494234.272413.00
20243412.682220.24127.53
合计22154.5415396.616827.55
), ArticleFig(id=1324077619431485465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077605011469248, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2019—2024年成都市某区县扩大检测HIV血清转阳率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征HIV血清转阳感染者 值P值男性血清转阳感染者 值P值女性血清转阳感染者 值P值
人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)人数(人)阳性率(/10万)
年龄11.162<0.0011.7820.1822.7230.099
<404530.713378.341211.50
40～493258.461984.661340.25
50～596681.5639106.452760.96
60～694574.0333117.401236.72
70～792553.7022103.00311.91
≥80850.95790.87112.50
检测年份1.3740.2415.1540.0230.3720.542
201968.47623.8700.00
20202925.472150.77811.03
20214023.172742.601311.90
20224620.773541.34118.04
20236621.494234.272413.00
20243412.682220.24127.53
合计22154.5415396.616827.55
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2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病流行特征分析
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师杨 1 , 李敏 1 , 赵文恒 1 , 赵祎凡 2 , 马丹 2 , 周鼎伦 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(6): 1004-1008
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (6) : 1004 -1008
2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病流行特征分析
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师杨（1984—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防控制

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师杨（1984—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防控制

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师杨1, 李敏1, 赵文恒1, 赵祎凡2, 马丹2, 周鼎伦2
作者信息
  • 1.成都市龙泉驿区疾病预防控制中心（卫生监督所），四川 成都 610100
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院（华西第四医院
通讯作者:
周鼎伦，E-mail:
作者简介:

师杨（1984—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防控制

HIV/AID epidemic characteristics in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024
Yang SHI1, Min LI1, Wen-heng ZHAO1, Yi-fan ZHAO2, Dan MA2, Ding-lun ZHOU2
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Longquanyi District Center For Disease Control and Prevention (Health Inspection Institute), Chengdu, Sichuan 610100, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511178
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摘要
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目的

利用艾滋病扩大检测数据了解艾滋病流行情况，为科学研判疫情提供依据。

方法

基于成都市某区县2019—2024年艾滋病扩大检测，采用Excel 2019和R 4.5.0清洗、整理和分析数据，采用构成比进行统计描述、卡方检验比较差异，描述该地区艾滋病扩大检测中HIV阳性患者和血清转阳感染者的特征，以及筛查阳性率、血清转阳率的趋势。

结果

2019—2024年，成都市某区县累计完成艾滋病扩大检测1 901 438人次，覆盖1 025 356人，人群覆盖率达76.17%。共检出HIV阳性者2 419例（既往感染者1 463例），血清转阳感染者221例。阳性者与血清转阳感染者均以男性（75.86%，69.23%）和50岁以上人群（56.72%, 65.16%）为主。HIV筛查阳性率（，P<0.001）总体呈上升趋势，血清转阳率无显著趋势（，P=0.241）。60～69岁年龄组的阳性率（376.92/10万）为各年龄组最高，血清转阳率则在50～59岁年龄组最高（81.56/10万）。男性血清转阳率约为女性的3.5倍。

结论

HIV筛查阳性率呈上升趋势，血清转阳率波动，50岁以上中老年男性是高危群体。

艾滋病  /  扩大检测  /  HIV筛查阳性率  /  HIV血清转阳率  /  流行特征
Objective

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS through expanded screening to provide evidence for epidemic assessment and response.

Methods

Data were obtained from an expanded HIV screening program conducted in a district of Chengdu between 2019 and 2024. After collection and cleaning, datasets were analyzed using Excel 2019 and R 4.5.0. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and composition ratios, with between-group differences assessed by chi-square tests. Analyses focused on HIV positivity rates and seroconversion rates.

Results

During the six-year period, the screening program reached 1 025 356 individuals, representing 76.17% of the target population, with a total of 1 901 438 tests performed. A total of 2 419 HIV-positive cases (1 463 cases were infected previously) and 221 seroconversion cases were identified. Most cases were male (75.86% and 69.23%, respectively) and aged 50 years or older (56.72% and 65.16%, respectively). The overall HIV positivity rate (, P<0.001) showed a significant increasing trend, whereas the seroconversion rate showed no significant trend (, P=0.241). The HIV positivity rate was highest in the 60-69 age group (376.92 per 100 000), while the seroconversion rate was highest in the 50-59 age group (81.56 per 100 000). The seroconversion rate among males was approximately 3.5 times that of females.

Conclusion

The epidemic is characterized by an increasing trend in the overall HIV positivity rate coupled with fluctuating seroconversion rates. Men over 50 years represent a key population at elevated risk, underscoring the need for targeted prevention and screening strategies in this demographic.

HIV/AIDS  /  Expanded screening  /  Positivity rate  /  Seroconversion rate  /  Epidemiological characteristics
师杨, 李敏, 赵文恒, 赵祎凡, 马丹, 周鼎伦. 2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病流行特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (6) : 1004 -1008 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511178
Yang SHI, Min LI, Wen-heng ZHAO, Yi-fan ZHAO, Dan MA, Ding-lun ZHOU. HIV/AID epidemic characteristics in a district of Chengdu, 2019-2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (6) : 1004 -1008 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511178
正文
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我国的艾滋病防治工作虽已取得显著成效，但疫情仍呈现低流行与局部聚集并存的特点，传播模式趋于隐匿[1]。大量未被发现的感染者是疫情持续扩散的主要原因之一[2-3]，及时发现并有效管理传染源是艾滋病防控的关键。艾滋病扩大检测作为实现“发现即治疗”和“95-95-95”防治目标的核心策略，对控制疫情具有至关重要的意义[4-5]。为应对这一挑战，全国各地开始大力推行艾滋病扩大检测策略，在各级医疗机构、自愿咨询检测门诊等多点位布局，检测覆盖面与检测量显著提升。本研究分析成都市某区县2019—2024年艾滋病扩大检测数据，旨在通过比较HIV阳性患者与血清转阳感染者的人群特征，分析阳性率与血清转阳率，描述该地区在扩大检测背景下的艾滋病流行特征，识别重点人群与关键传播环节。研究结果可为本地优化检测策略、制定针对性干预措施提供科学依据，对推进区域艾滋病精准防控具有现实意义。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究以2019—2024年于四川省成都市某区县接受HIV检测的所有个体为研究对象。根据扩大检测方案要求，该地区对重点科室（包括妇产科、皮肤性病科、肛肠科、泌尿外科、感染科和计划生育门诊等）的就诊者、所有住院患者、参与全民预防保健体检及从业人员健康体检的人员进行HIV检测。收集的变量包括唯一性ID、性别、年龄、检测日期及检测结果等。所有检测数据经整理汇总至扩大检测数据库。
1.2　研究方法
从扩大检测数据库中提取2019—2024年共六年的检测个案记录。系统为每位接受检测者分配了唯一性ID，据此可准确区分检测人次数与检测人数，并对个体的多次检测记录进行追踪。对于存在多次检测记录的研究对象，按分析目的作如下处理：1)在分析年龄特征时，有多次检测记录的个体，以首次阳性检测结果对应的年龄作为其代表性年龄；2)描述阳性感染率时，同一个体多次检测以人数为准计算一次，多次HIV检测结果则优先选择阳性结果；3)在分析HIV血清转阳感染情况时，仅纳入在研究期间内至少拥有两次有效检测记录的研究对象。
HIV阳性感染者经过初筛和确诊两个过程。初筛采用HIV-1抗体快速试验（英科新创（厦门）科技股份有限公司和雅培诊断（日本）医疗有限公司）和化学发光法（郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司）。确诊采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测HIV-1抗体阳性（试剂来自安倍生物医学亚太私人有限公司）。
阳性病例定义为扩大检测结果为确认检测阳性的对象。血清转阳感染者定义为在研究观察期内，血清阴性转为确诊血清阳性的病例，且首次阳性记录的日期晚于末次阴性记录日期。对于血清转阳感染者，取其末次阴性检测结果日期与首次阳性检测结果日期的中位时间点，作为其近似的感染时间，并据此计算感染时的年龄与感染年份。筛查阳性率=（筛查阳性病例数/检测人数）×100。血清转阳率=（血清转阳感染者病例数/检测人数）×100。
人口覆盖率计算以2020年第七次全国人口普查公布的某区县常住人口（1 346 210人）[10]为分母。年度人口覆盖率为当年检测人数与常住人口之比，累积覆盖率为2019年至2024年的纳入检测人数与常住人口之比。
1.3　统计分析
使用Excel 2019和R 4.5.0软件进行数据清理与统计分析。采用描述性统计方法呈现研究对象的基本特征、HIV筛查阳性率及血清转阳率的分布。组间差异比较采用χ2检验，趋势性检验采用线性趋势χ2检验。所有统计检验均为双侧检验，检验水准设定为α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　HIV扩大检测对象的基本人口学特征
2019—2024年成都市某区县累计完成艾滋病扩大检测1 901 438人次，共覆盖1 025 356人，以2020年第七次人口普查常住人口数为基数，总人群覆盖率为76.17%。2019—2024年每年的检测人数分别为89 464人、108 357人、154 872人、221 473人、403 923人和539 468人，扩大检测人数占常住人口覆盖率分别为6.65%、8.05%、11.50%、16.45%、30.00%和40.07%，人群覆盖率呈上升趋势（，P<0.001)。检测对象中，男性481 645人（46.97%），女性543 711人（53.03%）；≥40岁者560 193人（54.63%）；仅接受1次检测者619 643人（60.43%）。医院和社区卫生服务中心分别完成检测993 889人次（52.27%）和874 470人次(45.99%)。详见表1。
2.2　HIV阳性患者与血清转阳感染者的人群特征
2019—2024年艾滋病扩大检测共检出HIV阳性患者2 419人（其中1 463例为既往感染者，占比60.48%），血清转阳感染者221人，二者均以男性为主，分别占75.86%（1 835/2 419）和69.23%（153/221）；年龄均以50岁以上为主，分别占56.72%（1 372/2 419）和65.16%（144/221）。HIV阳性患者主要集中在2024年检出，占比31.03%（1 074/2 419），血清转阳感染者则在2023年检出最多，占比29.86%（66/221）。详见表2。
2.3　HIV筛查阳性率与血清转阳率的流行趋势及变化特征
2019—2024年期间，成都市某区县HIV筛查阳性率为235.92/10万，其中男性（379.80/10万）显著高于女性（109.62/10万），χ2= 795.587，P<0.001。历年阳性率呈上升趋势（，P<0.001），其中男性阳性率随时间显著上升（，P<0.001），女性阳性率年度间不存在统计学差异（χ2=8.289, P=0.141）。HIV筛查阳性率随年龄呈上升趋势（χ2=147.490, P<0.001）。详见表3。
成都市某区县HIV血清转阳率为54.54/10万，其中男性（96.61 /10万）约为女性（27.55/10万）的3.5倍（χ2=84.385，P<0.001）。历年血清转阳率未呈现显著趋势（，P=0.241），其中男性（，P=0.023）历年血清转阳率呈下降趋势，女性（，P=0.542）无显著趋势。HIV血清转阳率随年龄增长呈上升趋势（，P<0.001）。男性血清转阳率峰值出现在60～69岁年龄组，女性峰值出现在50～59岁年龄组。详见表4。
3　讨论
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基于个体、大样本的HIV扩大检测，是艾滋病疫情趋势研判的有力补充。HIV阳性患病率可以反映疫情的现状和界定重点人群，而血清转阳率在指示HIV近期感染状况更具优势[6-8]。本研究基于成都市某区县2019—2024年艾滋病扩大检测数据，分析了HIV阳性患者与血清转阳感染者的流行特征及其时间趋势。结果显示，该地艾滋病检测覆盖率逐年上升，扩大检测策略有效推进。艾滋病疫情在男性与中老年人群中更为突出，提示了当地的高危人群。
研究显示，历年HIV筛查阳性率呈现上升趋势。这一趋势可能与检测覆盖面的不断扩大，检测的重点人群定位准确，大量既往病例被纳入筛查有关，HIV血清转阳率未呈现明显上升趋势可佐证。中老年人群，尤其是男性为血清转阳感染的重点人群，符合全国艾滋病“老龄化”的特征[9-12]。血清转阳感染者中，50～59岁和60～69岁年龄组所占比例较高，提示中老年人群已成为血清转阳感染的重点人群，这与以往的研究结果相一致[13]。这一现象可能与老年人群安全性行为意识薄弱、检测意识不足、以及社会支持体系不完善有关[14]。此外，男性阳性率与血清转阳率均为女性的3.5倍，进一步说明男性，尤其是中老年男性，是当前某区县艾滋病传播的核心人群。值得注意的是，在<40岁人群中，男性血清转阳率远高于女性，结合成都地区男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men，MSM）疫情突出的背景[15]，推测该差异可能与MSM传播相关，有待进一步调查研究予以验证。
女性血清转阳率仍持续增长，说明女性感染风险亦不容忽视。50～59岁女性血清转阳率最高，提示该年龄段女性可能存在特殊的行为或传播风险。既往研究显示，中老年男性感染多源于商业性行为，而女性多因配偶/固定性伴传播[16]。该区县男女高发年龄组相差10岁，这一差异符合中国传统婚姻中的年龄差模式，提示本地传播路径可能与该传播模式有关。
本研究的优势在于采用了覆盖区域内大多数人群的扩大检测数据，样本量充足，且纳入了近年的最新资料，具备较强的代表性与时效性。研究也存在一定局限性。首先，数据来源于扩大检测，尚未实现全覆盖，可能存在选择偏倚，如部分高危人群检测意愿低。其次，血清转阳感染的判定依赖于两次及以上检测记录，导致仅接受单次检测的HIV检测者被剔除，单次检测者和多次检测者的特征存在不一致。此外，缺乏行为学变量（如性行为方式、吸毒史等）限制了传播机制的深入探讨。
综上，2019—2024年成都市某区县艾滋病扩大检测覆盖率显著提升，HIV筛查阳性率呈上升趋势，血清转阳率呈现波动。感染模式存在明显的性别差异，中老年男性构成HIV血清转阳感染的重点人群。在今后的防控工作中，进一步加强对中老年人群，尤其是男性的精准干预与检测覆盖，优化检测策略，以实现对艾滋病传播的有效遏制。

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2026年第53卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511178
  • 接收时间：2025-11-12
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-03-25
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    1.成都市龙泉驿区疾病预防控制中心（卫生监督所），四川 成都 610100
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院（华西第四医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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