Article(id=1324077561654948519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511115, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762704000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614290870, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614290870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614290870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614290870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077560820282023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614290671, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614391469, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077983656444429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077983660638734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077560820282023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=961, endPage=967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077562082767528, articleId=1324077561654948519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of factors influencing frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension and development of a predictive model, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of frailty occurrence among middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension, and to construct a predictive model for frailty risk in this population.

Methods

Based on univariate and binary logistic regression analyses, screen for independent influencing factors, construct a risk prediction model for the occurrence of frailty in H-type hypertension, and create a visual nomogram. Finally, evaluate the predictive value of the risk prediction model using the H-L goodness-of-fit test, ROC curve, and calibration curve.

Results

This study included a total of 783 middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension, among whom 207 developed frailty (26.4%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.032-1.079), education level (OR=0.656, 95% CI: 0.495-0.870), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.215, 95% CI: 1.092-1.352), and high-density lipoprotein (OR=0.475, 95% CI: 0.273-0.826) were independent factors influencing the development of frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension. A logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on these influencing factors, with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielding a P-value of 0.836. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.733, 95% CI=0.694-0.771, indicating that the model has good discriminative ability. The calibration curve showed a high consistency between the predicted values and the observed values.

Conclusion

The incidence of frailty among middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension remains at a relatively high level. A risk prediction model based on these factors has certain predictive value for the occurrence of frailty in patients with H-type hypertension.

, authors=Ruo-lan LI1, 2, Ya-mei ZHANG1, 2, Qi ZHANG1, 2, Jian WANG1, 2, Hui QIAO1, 2, authorsList=Ruo-lan LI, Ya-mei ZHANG, Qi ZHANG, Jian WANG, Hui QIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui QIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077574762148589, articleId=1324077561654948519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的影响因素分析及预测模型构建, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的发生现状及影响因素,构建中老年H型高血压患者衰弱发生风险的预测模型。

方法

基于单因素分析和二元logistic回归分析筛选独立影响因素,构建H型高血压发生衰弱的的风险预测模型并绘制可视化列线图,最后采用H-L拟合优度检验、ROC曲线和校准曲线评估风险预测模型的预测价值。

结果

本研究共纳入783名中老年H型高血压患者,其中207例发生衰弱(26.4%)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄(OR=1.055,95% CI:1.032~1.079)、文化程度(OR=0.656,95% CI:0.495~0.870)、尿素氮(OR=1.215,95% CI:1.092~1.352)、高密度脂蛋白(OR=0.475,95% CI:0.273~0.826)是中老年H型高血压发生衰弱的独立影响因素。基于上述影响因素构建logistic回归预测模型,H-L拟合优度检验P值为0.836;ROC曲线下面积AUC=0.733,95% CI:0.694~0.771,说明该模型具有较好区分能力;校准曲线结果显示预测模型的预测值与实际值一致性较高。

结论

中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的发生率仍处于较高水平,基于影响因素构建的风险预测模型对H型高血压患者发生衰弱具有一定预测价值。

, authors=李若兰1, 2, 张亚梅1, 2, 张启1, 2, 王健1, 2, 乔慧1, 2, authorsList=李若兰, 张亚梅, 张启, 王健, 乔慧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔慧, authorNote=

李若兰(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康统计与卫生服务研究

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乔慧,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on the relationship between ferroptosis and hypertension, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077590838915940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=161, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=宋文君, 杨敬源, 杨星, journalName=中国慢性病预防与控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋文君,杨敬源,杨星,等.贵州省布依族地区老年人认知衰弱现况及影响因素研究[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2021,29(3):161-166., articleTitle=贵州省布依族地区老年人认知衰弱现况及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077590906024805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=161, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Song WJ, Yang JY, Yang X, journalName=Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song WJ, Yang JY, Yang X, et al. Current situation and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in elderly residents of Bouyei nationality area in Guizhou Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, 2021, 29(3): 161-166. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Current situation and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in elderly residents of Bouyei nationality area in Guizhou Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077582622274351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, awardId=72364031, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077582727131952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, awardId=XJKF240314, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077582806823729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, awardId=2025BEG02011, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2025BEG02011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077574971863790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077574976058095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, companyId=1324077574971863790, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077574984446704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, companyId=1324077574971863790, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川 750004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077575072527089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077575085110002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, companyId=1324077575072527089, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077579069698843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Data cleaning process, figureFileSmall=gTkucnZEo9vc31gYh5CN4w==, figureFileBig=YOxoxG548W8ryfAbZvEo+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579145196316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=图1, caption=数据清洗流程, figureFileSmall=gTkucnZEo9vc31gYh5CN4w==, figureFileBig=YOxoxG548W8ryfAbZvEo+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579371688733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H-typertension(n=783), figureFileSmall=UAzZYIAb+dpel0UnWRfjHg==, figureFileBig=RHihBRjVYfGi+kTudIsO+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579447186206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中老年H型高血压患者衰弱发生状况(n=783例), figureFileSmall=UAzZYIAb+dpel0UnWRfjHg==, figureFileBig=RHihBRjVYfGi+kTudIsO+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579526877983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scatterplot of the risk prediction model for frailty development in middle-aged and elderly individuals with type H hypertension, figureFileSmall=n2yvom8LMQcO6STVgS567A==, figureFileBig=/2/ReN7Az3ah2HX1QzZ+eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579593986848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中老年H型高血压发生衰弱的风险预测模型列线图

注:a5是年龄,a7是文化程度,UN是尿素氮,HDLC是高密度脂蛋白。

, figureFileSmall=n2yvom8LMQcO6STVgS567A==, figureFileBig=/2/ReN7Az3ah2HX1QzZ+eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579682067233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=ROC curve for frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension, figureFileSmall=Widli9CqAQJ7eys8I2Fj2w==, figureFileBig=uZRwtnVeKo/3OQUE0kwQ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579765953314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=Widli9CqAQJ7eys8I2Fj2w==, figureFileBig=uZRwtnVeKo/3OQUE0kwQ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579866616611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Calibration curve of the prediction model for frailty risk in middle-aged and older adults with H-type hypertension, figureFileSmall=+jvBxagzkHbjnm/JLU/uEQ==, figureFileBig=cydBjnGJ+v84bGEySZVlqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077579942114084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=图5, caption=中老年人H型高血压发生衰弱风险预测模型的校准曲线, figureFileSmall=+jvBxagzkHbjnm/JLU/uEQ==, figureFileBig=cydBjnGJ+v84bGEySZVlqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077581615641381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics of middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension (n=783例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目定量定义个案数百分比(%/)
性别[例(%)]男34443.9
女43956.1
年龄[岁(%)]45~5921827.8
60~7444156.4
≥7512415.8
文化程度[例(%)]文盲39450.3
小学24331.0
初中11714.9
高中及以上293.7
是否吸烟[例(%)]否60076.6
是18323.4
是否饮酒[例(%)]否64682.5
是13717.5
BMI[kg/m2 (%)]<18.5162.0
18.5~23.925031.9
24.0~27.930539.0
≥28.021227.1
Sbp(mmHg,)连续性变量783145.79±20.44
Dbp(mmHg,)连续性变量78387.90±12.02
ALB(g/L,)连续性变量78343.24±6.02
UN(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.29±1.60
CREA(μmol/L,)连续性变量78370.14±18.06
UA(μmol/L,)连续性变量783329.03±98.43
GLU(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.65±1.80
TG(mmol/L,)连续性变量7831.36±0.79
CHO(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.58±1.28
HDL-C(mmol/L,)连续性变量7831.30±0.36
LDL-C(mmol/L,)连续性变量7832.74±0.81
Hcy(μmol/L,)连续性变量78327.12±19.25
), ArticleFig(id=1324077581745664806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中老年H型高血压患者一般资料情况(n=783例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目定量定义个案数百分比(%/)
性别[例(%)]男34443.9
女43956.1
年龄[岁(%)]45~5921827.8
60~7444156.4
≥7512415.8
文化程度[例(%)]文盲39450.3
小学24331.0
初中11714.9
高中及以上293.7
是否吸烟[例(%)]否60076.6
是18323.4
是否饮酒[例(%)]否64682.5
是13717.5
BMI[kg/m2 (%)]<18.5162.0
18.5~23.925031.9
24.0~27.930539.0
≥28.021227.1
Sbp(mmHg,)连续性变量783145.79±20.44
Dbp(mmHg,)连续性变量78387.90±12.02
ALB(g/L,)连续性变量78343.24±6.02
UN(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.29±1.60
CREA(μmol/L,)连续性变量78370.14±18.06
UA(μmol/L,)连续性变量783329.03±98.43
GLU(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.65±1.80
TG(mmol/L,)连续性变量7831.36±0.79
CHO(mmol/L,)连续性变量7835.58±1.28
HDL-C(mmol/L,)连续性变量7831.30±0.36
LDL-C(mmol/L,)连续性变量7832.74±0.81
Hcy(μmol/L,)连续性变量78327.12±19.25
), ArticleFig(id=1324077581833745191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标衰弱组(207例)非衰弱组(576例)t/x2值P值
性别[例(%)]14.032<0.001
男276(47.92)68(32.85)
女300(52.08)139(67.15)
年龄(,岁)63.60±8.8069.22±8.18-0.823<0.001
文化程度[例(%)]48.672<0.001
文盲249(43.23)145(70.05)
小学195(33.85)48(23.19)
初中106(18.41)11(5.31)
高中及以上26(4.51)3(1.45)
是否吸烟[例(%)]0.2080.645
是137(23.78)46(22.22)
否439(76.22)161(77.78)
是否饮酒[例(%)]16.802<0.001
是120(20.83)17(8.21)
否456(79.17)190(91.79)
BMI(,kg/m2)25.72±3.7225.38±3.861.0900.274
Sbp(,mmHg)145.48±20.48146.68±20.35-0.7280.467
Dbp(,mmHg)88.81±12.1185.38±11.443.550<0.001
ALB(,g/L)43.68±6.3342.05±4.863.794<0.001
UN(,mmol/L)5.15±1.515.68±1.75-3.910<0.001
CREA(,μmol/L)69.87±18.4170.95±17.03-0.7040.684
UA(,μmol/L)324.66±94.9370.90±17.03-1.9600.051
GLU(,mmol/L)5.60±1.535.80±2.38-1.1600.240
TG(,mmol/L)1.34±0.781.39±0.83-0.8280.408
CHO(,mmol/L)5.53±1.245.73±1.35-1.8100.070
HDL-C(,mmol/L)1.33±0.371.22±0.333.760<0.001
LDL-C(,mmol/L)2.72±0.752.80±0.94-1.1200.260
Hcy(,μmol/L)27.02±19.7827.39±17.74-0.2300.814
), ArticleFig(id=1324077581921825576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标衰弱组(207例)非衰弱组(576例)t/x2值P值
性别[例(%)]14.032<0.001
男276(47.92)68(32.85)
女300(52.08)139(67.15)
年龄(,岁)63.60±8.8069.22±8.18-0.823<0.001
文化程度[例(%)]48.672<0.001
文盲249(43.23)145(70.05)
小学195(33.85)48(23.19)
初中106(18.41)11(5.31)
高中及以上26(4.51)3(1.45)
是否吸烟[例(%)]0.2080.645
是137(23.78)46(22.22)
否439(76.22)161(77.78)
是否饮酒[例(%)]16.802<0.001
是120(20.83)17(8.21)
否456(79.17)190(91.79)
BMI(,kg/m2)25.72±3.7225.38±3.861.0900.274
Sbp(,mmHg)145.48±20.48146.68±20.35-0.7280.467
Dbp(,mmHg)88.81±12.1185.38±11.443.550<0.001
ALB(,g/L)43.68±6.3342.05±4.863.794<0.001
UN(,mmol/L)5.15±1.515.68±1.75-3.910<0.001
CREA(,μmol/L)69.87±18.4170.95±17.03-0.7040.684
UA(,μmol/L)324.66±94.9370.90±17.03-1.9600.051
GLU(,mmol/L)5.60±1.535.80±2.38-1.1600.240
TG(,mmol/L)1.34±0.781.39±0.83-0.8280.408
CHO(,mmol/L)5.53±1.245.73±1.35-1.8100.070
HDL-C(,mmol/L)1.33±0.371.22±0.333.760<0.001
LDL-C(,mmol/L)2.72±0.752.80±0.94-1.1200.260
Hcy(,μmol/L)27.02±19.7827.39±17.74-0.2300.814
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582005711657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of multicollinearity among covariates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量容差方差膨胀因子
性别0.6401.563
年龄0.8091.236
文化程度0.6781.475
是否饮酒0.7471.339
Dbp0.9401.063
ALB0.8201.220
UN0.9641.037
HDL-C0.8311.203
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582110569258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

协变量多重共线性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量容差方差膨胀因子
性别0.6401.563
年龄0.8091.236
文化程度0.6781.475
是否饮酒0.7471.339
Dbp0.9401.063
ALB0.8201.220
UN0.9641.037
HDL-C0.8311.203
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582207038251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable assignments for logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别1=男,2=女
年龄连续变量原值带入
文化程度1=没上学,2=小学,3=初中,4=高中及以上
是否饮酒1=否,2=是
Dbp连续变量原值带入
ALB连续变量原值带入
UN连续变量原值带入
HDL-C连续变量原值带入
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582307701548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Logistic回归分析变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别1=男,2=女
年龄连续变量原值带入
文化程度1=没上学,2=小学,3=初中,4=高中及以上
是否饮酒1=否,2=是
Dbp连续变量原值带入
ALB连续变量原值带入
UN连续变量原值带入
HDL-C连续变量原值带入
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582391587629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2POR(95%CI)
性别0.2650.2181.4760.2241.303(0.850~1.999)
年龄0.0540.01122.378<0.0011.055(1.032~1.079)
文化程度-0.4210.1448.5740.0030.656(0.495~0.870)
是否饮酒-0.5820.3173.3660.0670.559(0.300~1.041)
Dbp-0.0090.0071.7310.1880.991(0.977~1.005)
ALB-0.0140.0160.7200.3960.987(0.956~1.018)
UN0.1950.05412.804<0.0011.215(1.092~1.352)
HDL-C-0.7450.2836.9520.0080.475(0.273~0.826)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077582479668014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077561654948519, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中老年H型高血压患者机体衰弱的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量βSEWald χ2POR(95%CI)
性别0.2650.2181.4760.2241.303(0.850~1.999)
年龄0.0540.01122.378<0.0011.055(1.032~1.079)
文化程度-0.4210.1448.5740.0030.656(0.495~0.870)
是否饮酒-0.5820.3173.3660.0670.559(0.300~1.041)
Dbp-0.0090.0071.7310.1880.991(0.977~1.005)
ALB-0.0140.0160.7200.3960.987(0.956~1.018)
UN0.1950.05412.804<0.0011.215(1.092~1.352)
HDL-C-0.7450.2836.9520.0080.475(0.273~0.826)
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中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的影响因素分析及预测模型构建
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李若兰 1, 2 , 张亚梅 1, 2 , 张启 1, 2 , 王健 1, 2 , 乔慧 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(6): 961-967
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (6) : 961 -967
中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的影响因素分析及预测模型构建
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李若兰1, 2, 张亚梅1, 2, 张启1, 2, 王健1, 2, 乔慧1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川 750004
  • 2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
通讯作者:
乔慧,E-mail:
作者简介:

李若兰(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:健康统计与卫生服务研究

Analysis of factors influencing frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension and development of a predictive model
Ruo-lan LI1, 2, Ya-mei ZHANG1, 2, Qi ZHANG1, 2, Jian WANG1, 2, Hui QIAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004,China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511115
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目的

了解中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的发生现状及影响因素,构建中老年H型高血压患者衰弱发生风险的预测模型。

方法

基于单因素分析和二元logistic回归分析筛选独立影响因素,构建H型高血压发生衰弱的的风险预测模型并绘制可视化列线图,最后采用H-L拟合优度检验、ROC曲线和校准曲线评估风险预测模型的预测价值。

结果

本研究共纳入783名中老年H型高血压患者,其中207例发生衰弱(26.4%)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄(OR=1.055,95% CI:1.032~1.079)、文化程度(OR=0.656,95% CI:0.495~0.870)、尿素氮(OR=1.215,95% CI:1.092~1.352)、高密度脂蛋白(OR=0.475,95% CI:0.273~0.826)是中老年H型高血压发生衰弱的独立影响因素。基于上述影响因素构建logistic回归预测模型,H-L拟合优度检验P值为0.836;ROC曲线下面积AUC=0.733,95% CI:0.694~0.771,说明该模型具有较好区分能力;校准曲线结果显示预测模型的预测值与实际值一致性较高。

结论

中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的发生率仍处于较高水平,基于影响因素构建的风险预测模型对H型高血压患者发生衰弱具有一定预测价值。

中老年人  /  H型高血压  /  衰弱  /  影响因素  /  预测模型
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of frailty occurrence among middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension, and to construct a predictive model for frailty risk in this population.

Methods

Based on univariate and binary logistic regression analyses, screen for independent influencing factors, construct a risk prediction model for the occurrence of frailty in H-type hypertension, and create a visual nomogram. Finally, evaluate the predictive value of the risk prediction model using the H-L goodness-of-fit test, ROC curve, and calibration curve.

Results

This study included a total of 783 middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension, among whom 207 developed frailty (26.4%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.032-1.079), education level (OR=0.656, 95% CI: 0.495-0.870), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.215, 95% CI: 1.092-1.352), and high-density lipoprotein (OR=0.475, 95% CI: 0.273-0.826) were independent factors influencing the development of frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension. A logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on these influencing factors, with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielding a P-value of 0.836. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.733, 95% CI=0.694-0.771, indicating that the model has good discriminative ability. The calibration curve showed a high consistency between the predicted values and the observed values.

Conclusion

The incidence of frailty among middle-aged and elderly patients with H-type hypertension remains at a relatively high level. A risk prediction model based on these factors has certain predictive value for the occurrence of frailty in patients with H-type hypertension.

Middle-aged and elderly people  /  H-type hypertension  /  Frailty  /  Influencing fact  /  Prediction model
李若兰, 张亚梅, 张启, 王健, 乔慧. 中老年H型高血压患者衰弱的影响因素分析及预测模型构建. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (6) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511115
Ruo-lan LI, Ya-mei ZHANG, Qi ZHANG, Jian WANG, Hui QIAO. Analysis of factors influencing frailty in middle-aged and elderly patients with type H hypertension and development of a predictive model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (6) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511115
在中老年人群常见的健康问题中,衰弱作为一种体现生理储备下降、应激能力减退的临床综合征正日益受到关注。衰弱状态使老年人对不良健康结局的易感性显著增加,如跌倒、失能、住院乃至死亡[1]。与此同时,高血压是最常见的慢性病之一,是心脑血管疾病最重要的危险因素[2]。在中国高血压人群中,一种特殊类型—H型高血压(即同时患有高血压与高同型半胱氨酸血症,Hcy≥10 μmol/L)占有极高比例。大量证据表明,H型高血压患者发生脑卒中、认知障碍等风险显著高于单纯高血压患者[3-4]]。当老龄化社会普遍存在的衰弱综合征,与高风险的H型高血压在同一个体中交汇时[5],将对个体健康结局和医疗系统构成严峻挑战。
深入探讨H型高血压与衰弱的关系具有坚实的病理生理学基础。一方面,高血压本身可通过引发动脉硬化、慢性炎症状态及血管内皮功能障碍,导致靶器官灌注不足,从而加速肌肉减少症和身体功能下降,这是衰弱的核心环节[6-8]。另一方面,高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)不仅是心脑血管事件的独立危险因素,其本身也具有神经毒性和血管毒性,并可促进氧化应激与炎症反应,这些过程共同加剧了机体生理功能的衰退,可能直接推动衰弱的发生与发展[9-10]。
目前,多数研究聚焦于高血压或者高Hcy与衰弱的独立效应,但将二者作为整体,即H型高血压对衰弱的影响效应研究尚不充分。而临床对于H型高血压患者中衰弱的高危人群识别、基于特异性指标的预测模型构建仍缺乏相应的研究证据。因此,本研究旨在分析H型高血压患者衰弱发生的影响因素,进而构建风险预测模型,为该人群衰弱综合征的精准识别提供数据支撑。
收集2025年6月-7月在宁夏盐池县某乡卫生院的中老年H型高血压患者作为调查对象。纳入标准:①H型高血压符合《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》[11]中的诊断标准,即Hcy≥10 μmol/L、收缩压≥140 mmHg、舒张压≥90 mmHg;②年龄≥45岁;③近6个月内未服用影响Hcy的药物;④临床资料完整。排除标准:①伴有阿尔茨海默病或其他类型的痴呆等;②患有重大心血管疾病等其他严重疾病;③伴有代谢性疾病;④因视力、听力下降不能配合认知功能检测者;⑤不愿意配合者。详见图1。本研究通过宁夏医科大学伦理委员会审批(批准文号:2024-Z108),所有患者被告知相关研究事项并签署知情同意书。
课题组自行设计的调查问卷对患者的一般资料情况进行调查并建立数据库,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、是否吸烟/饮酒、体质指数(BMI)及收缩压/舒张压(Sbp/Dbp)、高血压史等。采用Fried衰弱量表[12]评估患者的衰弱程度,量表包括5项身体状况指标,分别为自然体质量下降、自诉疲惫感明显、走路速度缓慢、握力下降、身体活动量明显减少,以上指标采用自评问卷进行评估。符合以上衰弱指标则计1分,计分分值为0~5分,其中0~2分评估为不衰弱,≥3分则评估为衰弱。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.707,显示出良好的信效度,并已在多种衰弱评估场合中得到广泛应用。
研究对象空腹12h以上,清晨采集静脉血,检测空腹血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDLC)、血清Hcy、尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(CREA)、血尿酸(BUA)、白蛋白(ALB)、及血细胞(白细胞、中性粒细胞、红细胞、血小板)计数等生理生化指标,上述指标的测定均在乡卫生院检验科完成,所用仪器为全自动生化分析仪。
应用SPSS 27.0、R 4.2.1统计学软件进行数据分析。描述性分析:正态分布的计量资料用表示;计数资料采用n(%)表示;差异性分析采用t/χ2检验。采用二元logistic回归模型分析发生衰弱的影响因素,构建预测模型并采用列线图进行可视化,最后,利用受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)、H-L拟合优度检验和校准曲线对模型进行验证。检验水准α=0.05,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
783例H型高血压患者,其基本统计特征如下:男性344人(43.9%),女性439人(56.1%),年龄45~59岁的有218人(27.8%),60~74岁的有441人(56.4%),≥75岁的有124人(15.8%)。其他一般资料情况见表1。
研究结果显示,在783例中老年H型高血压患者中,共有衰弱患者207例(26.4%),非衰弱患者576例(73.6%),中老年H型高血压患者衰弱发生率。见图2。
两组的性别、年龄、文化程度、是否饮酒、Dbp、ALB、UN及HDL-C比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),单因素分析仅反映未校正混杂的粗关联。见表2。
通过使用膨胀方差因子(VIF)检验变量的多重共线性,结果显示容差均大于0.1且VIF值均小于10,说明各协变量之间不存在多重共线性,结果见表3。
把患者是否出现衰弱作为因变量(非衰弱=0,衰弱=1),把单因素分析中具有统计学意义的变量:性别、年龄、文化程度、是否饮酒、Dbp、ALB、UN及HDLC纳入logistic回归分析中,并完成赋值。自变量赋值如表4。
据上表变量赋值情况,将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的自变量带入logistic回归分析筛选出独立的影响因素。结果显示,年龄越大(OR=1.055,95% CI:1.032~1.079,P<0.001)、文化程度越低(OR=0.656,95% CI:0.495~0.870,P=0.003)、尿素氮(UN)水平越高(OR=1.215,95% CI:1.092~1.352,P<0.001)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平越低(OR=0.475,95% CI:0.273~0.826,P=0.008)是中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的独立影响因素,多因素回归揭示了校正混杂后的独立效应,结果见表5。
根据多因素logistic回归分析结果,构建H型高血压衰弱的预测模型如下:Y=0.195×UN-0.745×HDC-L+0.054×年龄-0.421×文化程度-2.387。为了方便结果解读和理解,通过绘制列线图将预测模型可视化,详见图3。将各变量的单项得分相加得到总得分,通过总得分向下绘制一条垂线可以得出中老年H型高血压发生衰弱风险的概率估计。
H-L拟合优度检验显示,χ2=4.232,P=0.836,P>0.05说明实际情况和预测结果的一致性较好;绘制了预测模型的ROC曲线,详见图4,ROC曲线分析结果显示,AUC为0.733(95% CI:0.694~0.771),最佳截断值为0.715,灵敏度为59.4%,特异度为76.6%,约登指数为0.360,说明预测模型具有较好的准确性;校准曲线详见图5,图中显示实际曲线和校准曲线很接近标准对角线,即理想曲线,说明预测模型的预测值和实际值一致性较好。
H型高血压为高血压中常见类型,约75%成年高血压患者Hcy增高,导致患者血压控制难度增加,且也增加了心脑血管发生风险[13-14]]。衰弱是一种与衰老相关的中老年问题,它会增加老年人发生不良事件的风险。有研究报道[15],目前我国认知衰弱总体患病率为5.0%~18.0%[16]。李洋洋等[17]报道,社区老年高血压患者认知衰弱发生率为33.86%。李志强等[18]报道,北京市农村地区老年高血压患者的认知衰弱患病率为9.8%。本研究发现,中老年H型高血压患者衰弱发生率为26.4%(207/783)。因此,及时有效地管理中老年H型高血压,保持血压稳定,定期进行认知功能及机体衰弱的评估,并采取合适的干预措施对于减缓衰弱的进展至关重要。
本研究中,年龄(OR=1.055,95% CI:1.032~1.079)是中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的危险因素。研究表明,随着年龄的增长,衰弱的发生率也随之增加,与沙吉旦·阿不都热衣木等人[19]研究结果基本一致。分析原因可能随着年龄增长,人体会出现肌肉质量、力量和功能的进行性、广泛性丧失。这源于蛋白质合成与分解失衡、神经肌肉功能改变和激素水平变化。肌肉是机体功能的核心执行者,其流失直接导致力量减弱、行走速度下降,构成衰弱表型的核心[20]。其次,随着患者年龄的增加,其体力会逐渐降低,年长患者身边无亲人照顾,生活较为孤独,并且随着年龄的增加,其经济能力逐渐降低,经济来源范围也在不断减小,这一系列的因素综合影响均会增加患者负面情绪的发生[21]。因此,在管理H型高血压患者时,必须将高龄作为衰弱筛查的最高优先级指标,社会及家庭也要给予中老年人充分的关心与照顾。
本研究中,文化程度(OR=0.656,95% CI:0.495~0.870)是中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的保护因素。研究表明,文化程度越低,衰弱的发生率越高,与杨涛等人[21]研究结果基本一致。分析原因可能文化程度作为社会经济地位的核心指标,通过多种途径促进健康,从而降低衰弱风险,高文化程度者更倾向于主动学习健康知识,并采纳证据支持的建议,如低盐低脂饮食、富含叶酸和B族维生素的膳食、规律体育锻炼等,这些都对控制H型高血压和预防衰弱至关重要[22-23]。高文化程度患者更能理解控制血压和降低同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的“双重达标”的重要性。通过药物和生活方式的协同管理[24-25],能更有效地延缓动脉粥样硬化和身体功能衰退,从而直接降低衰弱风险。因此,通过提升健康素养、促成健康行为和增加资源可及性,为H型高血压患者构建了一道对抗机体衰弱的坚实防线。在临床实践中,针对低文化程度的H型高血压患者,应给予更简单、清晰、重复的健康指导和支持,以弥补其在健康素养上的不足,从而降低其衰弱风险。
本研究中,尿素氮(OR=1.215,95% CI:1.092~1.352)是中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的危险因素。研究表明,随着尿素氮含量的增长,衰弱的发生率也随之增加,与郑渝宁等人[26]研究结果基本一致。分析原因可能尿素氮是蛋白质代谢的主要终产物,由肾脏排出体外。其水平升高通常反映肾脏滤过功能受损或体内高分解代谢状态。这两种情况都是促使衰弱发生的重要路径。同时,高血压和高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)都会损伤肾脏的微小血管,导致肾功能逐渐下降。当肾功能受损时,尿素氮等废物无法被有效清除,其在血液中浓度升高[27]。因此,在管理H型高血压患者时,应定期监测尿素氮、肌酐和肾小球滤过率。干预措施应围绕保护肾功能、对抗炎症、确保充足的蛋白质摄入和水分补充等方面展开,这对于预防衰弱至关重要。
本研究中,高密度脂蛋白(OR=0.475,95% CI:0.273~0.826)是中老年H型高血压患者发生衰弱的保护因素。研究表明,高密度脂蛋白含量越低,衰弱的发生率越高,与刘晨等人[28]研究结果基本一致。分析原因可能H型高血压患者同时存在高血压和高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血症。Hcy会损伤血管内皮,引发并加剧全身性的慢性炎症和氧化应激状态。近年研究证实,Hcy 可通过抑制 SLC7A11/GPX4 通路诱导血管内皮细胞与肌细胞发生铁死亡[29],加剧脂质过氧化与细胞损伤,这一过程与高血压的病理进展密切相关。这种慢性状态会直接促进肌肉蛋白质的分解导致肌肉流失,是衰弱的核心驱动[30]。较高的HDL-C水平通常与健康的生活方式相关,如规律的体育锻炼、富含不饱和脂肪酸的地中海饮食等,这些生活方式本身就是预防衰弱的重要保护因素。因此,这要求护理人员关注衰弱人群的脂代谢,及时发现血脂代谢异常,指导其科学有效的预防病情发展。
本研究通过整合筛选多维影响因素构建风险预测模型,能够更全面地反映患者的整体健康状况和衰弱发生的潜在风险,早期识别出衰弱高风险人群。本研究中采用ROC曲线下面积检验模型的区分度,AUC=0.733(95% CI:0.694~0.771),约登指数=0.360,灵敏度=0.594,特异度=0.766,表明该模型具有良好的区分度,能够有效辨别衰弱患者和非衰弱患者,预测能力较好;同时,校准曲线预测概率和实际概率一致性较高。
综上,年龄、文化程度、尿素氮及高密度脂蛋白是H型高血压患者衰弱发生的关键影响因素,基于这些因素构建的预测模型对该人群衰弱风险具有一定预测意义。然而,本研究也存在一定的局限性。本研究为横断面设计,样本量偏小导致结果代表性不足,且模型尚未开展内部与外部验证。因此,后续需通过大样本、多中心的前瞻性研究,进一步验证该预测模型在H型高血压患者衰弱风险评估中的应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031)
  • 宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314)
  • 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2025BEG02011)
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2026年第53卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511115
  • 接收时间:2025-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031)
宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2025BEG02011)
作者信息
    1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区 银川 750004
    2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室

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乔慧,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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