Article(id=1324077547100701568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510203, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614287400, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614287400, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614287400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614287400, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1251, endPage=1256, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077547402691457, articleId=1324077547100701568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between family functioning and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: the chain mediating role of internet addiction and depression, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents in a specific western region of China, and to examine the chain mediating role of internet addiction and depression in this relationship.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 331 seventh and eighth-grade students from a middle school in a western region of China. Assessments were carried out using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), the Chinese version of the Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI).

Results

The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 32.5%. Statistically significant differences in NSSI were found across gender (χ2=39.539), history of smoking (χ2=29.838), history of alcohol use (χ2=35.042), academic burden (χ2=49.824), and sleep duration (χ2=54.838), with all P<0.001. Mediation analysis indicated that family dysfunction not only directly influenced NSSI but also exerted indirect effects through three pathways: internet addiction alone (accounting for 13.2%), depression alone (accounting for 39.7%), and the sequential chain of internet addiction followed by depression (accounting for 7.4%). The total indirect effect accounted for 58.8% of the overall influence.

Conclusion

Family dysfunction is a significant risk factor for adolescent NSSI in the studied region. Its mechanism of action involves exerting influence through the chain mediating effects of internet addiction and depression. Interventions aimed at improving family functioning, promoting healthy internet use habits, and addressing depressive symptoms may help reduce the risk of NSSI among adolescents.

, authors=Yu-hang LU1, Er-pei ZHANG1, Meng-jiao YU2, Bao-jun YE1, Guo-jian YAN3, Yue CHEN1, Xiao-li LEI1, Bo YI1, Zhi-xing SONG4, Tian JIANG5, authorsList=Yu-hang LU, Er-pei ZHANG, Meng-jiao YU, Bao-jun YE, Guo-jian YAN, Yue CHEN, Xiao-li LEI, Bo YI, Zhi-xing SONG, Tian JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tian JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077548241552260, articleId=1324077547100701568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤行为的关联——网络成瘾和抑郁的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索西部某地区青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)之间的关系,并检验网络成瘾与抑郁在其中的链式中介作用。

方法

采用横断面设计,对西部某中学1 331名七、八年级学生,使用网络成瘾测验、流行病调查中心抑郁量表、中国家庭评估工具及自我伤害问卷进行调查。

结果

青少年NSSI检出率为32.5%。NSSI检出率在性别(χ2=39.539)、吸烟史(χ2=29.838)、饮酒史(χ2=35.042)、学习负担(χ2=49.824)及睡眠时间(χ2=54.838)等因素的不同组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。中介效应分析表明,家庭功能障碍不仅直接影响NSSI,还可通过网络成瘾(占13.2%)、抑郁(占39.7%)及“网络成瘾-抑郁”的链式路径(占7.4%)间接作用于NSSI,总间接效应占比为58.8%。

结论

本研究中家庭功能障碍是青少年NSSI的重要风险因素,其作用机制为通过网络成瘾与抑郁发挥链式中介效应。改善家庭功能、促进健康的网络使用习惯及抑郁情绪干预,有助于降低青少年NSSI风险。

, authors=鲁宇航1, 张尔沛1, 余孟娇2, 叶保君1, 严国建3, 陈玥1, 雷小莉1, 易博1, 宋知行4, 姜恬5, authorsList=鲁宇航, 张尔沛, 余孟娇, 叶保君, 严国建, 陈玥, 雷小莉, 易博, 宋知行, 姜恬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姜恬, authorNote=

鲁宇航(2004—),男,本科在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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姜恬,E-mail:
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注:路径系数均为标准化系数β;***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=rNhHS2cvHQVu9qPy29+QtA==, figureFileBig=v+wZvL1Tk7AvBYl4Ybt0vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077559088022478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of NSSI incidence rates among different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目NSSI[n(%)]χ2值P值
有(n=433)无(n=898)
性别39.539<0.001
男183(25.2)544(74.8)
女250(41.4)354(58.6)
年级0.5280.468
七年级203(33.6)402(66.4)
八年级230(31.7)496(68.3)
学习负担49.824<0.001
很轻11(20.4)43(79.6)
轻14(28.6)35(71.4)
一般260(28.1)665(71.9)
重107(50.5)105(49.5)
很重41(45.1)50(54.9)
寄宿情况0.4240.515
是33(40.2)49(59.8)
否400(32.0)849(68.0)
是否吸烟29.838<0.001
是19(59.4)13(40.6)
已戒烟58(50.0)58(50.0)
否356(30.1)827(69.9)
是否饮酒35.042<0.001
是17(63.0)10(37.0)
已戒酒34(61.8)21(38.2)
否382(30.6)867(69.4)
父母婚姻状况8.8380.003
在婚360(31.1)799(68.9)
非在婚(离异、再婚、丧偶等)73(42.4)99(57.6)
留守情况1.4400.487
父母一方外出务工(3个月+)53(33.3)106(66.7)
父母双方外出务工(3个月+)15(25.4)449(74.6)
否365(32.8)748(67.2)
家庭经济情况13.8410.008
贫困30(44.1)38(55.9)
相对贫困49(39.2)76(60.8)
一般280(30.2)647(69.8)
相对富裕62(32.8)127(67.2)
富裕12(54.5)10(45.5)
睡眠时间(h)54.838<0.001
≤6105(52.0)97(48.0)
>6~7153(34.9)285(65.1)
>7~8117(23.7)377(76.3)
>8~943(28.3)109(71.7)
>915(33.3)30(66.7)
母亲学历7.8180.050
小学及以下31(36.5)54(63.5)
初中163(33.8)319(66.2)
高中或中专142(35.3)260(64.7)
大学或大专以上97(26.8)265(73.2)
父亲学历1.5900.662
小学及以下40(31.5)87(68.5)
初中192(34.3)367(65.7)
高中或中专120(30.6)272(69.4)
大学或大专以上81(32.0)172(68.0)
户籍0.1030.748
城镇180(33.0)365(67.0)
农村253(32.2)533(67.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559180297167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别对象NSSI发生率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目NSSI[n(%)]χ2值P值
有(n=433)无(n=898)
性别39.539<0.001
男183(25.2)544(74.8)
女250(41.4)354(58.6)
年级0.5280.468
七年级203(33.6)402(66.4)
八年级230(31.7)496(68.3)
学习负担49.824<0.001
很轻11(20.4)43(79.6)
轻14(28.6)35(71.4)
一般260(28.1)665(71.9)
重107(50.5)105(49.5)
很重41(45.1)50(54.9)
寄宿情况0.4240.515
是33(40.2)49(59.8)
否400(32.0)849(68.0)
是否吸烟29.838<0.001
是19(59.4)13(40.6)
已戒烟58(50.0)58(50.0)
否356(30.1)827(69.9)
是否饮酒35.042<0.001
是17(63.0)10(37.0)
已戒酒34(61.8)21(38.2)
否382(30.6)867(69.4)
父母婚姻状况8.8380.003
在婚360(31.1)799(68.9)
非在婚(离异、再婚、丧偶等)73(42.4)99(57.6)
留守情况1.4400.487
父母一方外出务工(3个月+)53(33.3)106(66.7)
父母双方外出务工(3个月+)15(25.4)449(74.6)
否365(32.8)748(67.2)
家庭经济情况13.8410.008
贫困30(44.1)38(55.9)
相对贫困49(39.2)76(60.8)
一般280(30.2)647(69.8)
相对富裕62(32.8)127(67.2)
富裕12(54.5)10(45.5)
睡眠时间(h)54.838<0.001
≤6105(52.0)97(48.0)
>6~7153(34.9)285(65.1)
>7~8117(23.7)377(76.3)
>8~943(28.3)109(71.7)
>915(33.3)30(66.7)
母亲学历7.8180.050
小学及以下31(36.5)54(63.5)
初中163(33.8)319(66.2)
高中或中专142(35.3)260(64.7)
大学或大专以上97(26.8)265(73.2)
父亲学历1.5900.662
小学及以下40(31.5)87(68.5)
初中192(34.3)367(65.7)
高中或中专120(30.6)272(69.4)
大学或大专以上81(32.0)172(68.0)
户籍0.1030.748
城镇180(33.0)365(67.0)
农村253(32.2)533(67.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559289349072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of scale scores between adolescents with and without NSSI behavior

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项目评分中位数[M(P25,P75)]Z值P值
家庭功能-31.602<0.001
有自伤74(59,93)
无自伤57(46,71)
网络成瘾-31.604<0.001
有自伤42(34,52)
无自伤33(28,41)
抑郁-18.051<0.001
有自伤18(13,26)
无自伤12(8,15)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559390012369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有无NSSI行为青少年各量表得分比较结果

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项目评分中位数[M(P25,P75)]Z值P值
家庭功能-31.602<0.001
有自伤74(59,93)
无自伤57(46,71)
网络成瘾-31.604<0.001
有自伤42(34,52)
无自伤33(28,41)
抑郁-18.051<0.001
有自伤18(13,26)
无自伤12(8,15)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559507452882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Partial correlation analysis of family dysfunction, internet addiction, depression, and NSSI

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项目12345678910111213
1. 家庭功能1.000
2. 家庭功能-相互关系0.883**1.000
3. 家庭功能-沟通0.834**0.766**1.000
4. 家庭功能-冲突与和谐0.642**0.352**0.258**1.000
5. 家庭功能-父母关心0.626**0.437**0.402**0.443**1.000
6. 家庭功能-父母控制0.522**0.238**0.179**0.607**0.360**1.000
7. 网络成瘾0.312**0.305**0.306**0.151**0.128**0.110**1.000
8. 抑郁0.433**0.342**0.358**0.303**0.281**0.291**0.315**1.000
9. 抑郁-抑郁情绪0.366**0.301**0.311**0.239**0.225**0.232**0.322**0.900**1.000
10. 抑郁-积极情绪0.216**0.120**0.126**0.245**0.188**0.216**-0.0430.309**-0.0331.000
11. 抑郁-躯体症状与活动迟滞0.312**0.277**0.297**0.158**0.172**0.157**0.325**0.826**0.783**-0.116**1.000
12. 抑郁-人际0.305**0.248**0.255**0.195**0.201**0.210**0.279**0.724**0.692**-0.0220.573**1.000
13. NSSI0.325**0.265**0.282**0.193**0.241**0.196**0.286**0.449**0.460**0.0350.390**0.349**1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559629087699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

家庭功能障碍、网络成瘾、抑郁与NSSI的偏相关性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目12345678910111213
1. 家庭功能1.000
2. 家庭功能-相互关系0.883**1.000
3. 家庭功能-沟通0.834**0.766**1.000
4. 家庭功能-冲突与和谐0.642**0.352**0.258**1.000
5. 家庭功能-父母关心0.626**0.437**0.402**0.443**1.000
6. 家庭功能-父母控制0.522**0.238**0.179**0.607**0.360**1.000
7. 网络成瘾0.312**0.305**0.306**0.151**0.128**0.110**1.000
8. 抑郁0.433**0.342**0.358**0.303**0.281**0.291**0.315**1.000
9. 抑郁-抑郁情绪0.366**0.301**0.311**0.239**0.225**0.232**0.322**0.900**1.000
10. 抑郁-积极情绪0.216**0.120**0.126**0.245**0.188**0.216**-0.0430.309**-0.0331.000
11. 抑郁-躯体症状与活动迟滞0.312**0.277**0.297**0.158**0.172**0.157**0.325**0.826**0.783**-0.116**1.000
12. 抑郁-人际0.305**0.248**0.255**0.195**0.201**0.210**0.279**0.724**0.692**-0.0220.573**1.000
13. NSSI0.325**0.265**0.282**0.193**0.241**0.196**0.286**0.449**0.460**0.0350.390**0.349**1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559855580116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Bootstrap results for mediating effects of internet addiction and depression on the association between family functioning and NSSI among adolescents in a western region

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效应类型中介效应值(95%CI)标准误中介效应占比(%)
总效应0.068(0.057~0.078)0.005
直接效应0.027(0.016~0.038)0.006
总间接效应0.040(0.030~0.051)0.00558.8
家庭功能障碍-网络成瘾-NSSI0.009(0.004~0.014)0.00213.2
家庭功能障碍-抑郁-NSSI0.027(0.020~0.035)0.00439.7
家庭功能障碍-网络成瘾-抑郁-NSSI0.005(0.003~0.007)0.0017.4
), ArticleFig(id=1324077559952049109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077547100701568, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

西部某地区青少年网络成瘾和抑郁在家庭功能与NSSI关联间的中介效应bootstrap法结果

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效应类型中介效应值(95%CI)标准误中介效应占比(%)
总效应0.068(0.057~0.078)0.005
直接效应0.027(0.016~0.038)0.006
总间接效应0.040(0.030~0.051)0.00558.8
家庭功能障碍-网络成瘾-NSSI0.009(0.004~0.014)0.00213.2
家庭功能障碍-抑郁-NSSI0.027(0.020~0.035)0.00439.7
家庭功能障碍-网络成瘾-抑郁-NSSI0.005(0.003~0.007)0.0017.4
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青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤行为的关联——网络成瘾和抑郁的链式中介作用
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鲁宇航 1 , 张尔沛 1 , 余孟娇 2 , 叶保君 1 , 严国建 3 , 陈玥 1 , 雷小莉 1 , 易博 1 , 宋知行 4 , 姜恬 5
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(7): 1251-1256
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (7) : 1251 -1256
青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤行为的关联——网络成瘾和抑郁的链式中介作用
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鲁宇航1, 张尔沛1, 余孟娇2, 叶保君1, 严国建3, 陈玥1, 雷小莉1, 易博1, 宋知行4, 姜恬5
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西护理学院/四川大学华西医院护理部
  • 3.成都市第四人民医院
  • 4.西南大学计算机与信息科学学院
  • 5.《四川大学学报(医学版)》编辑部,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
姜恬,E-mail:
作者简介:

鲁宇航(2004—),男,本科在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Relationship between family functioning and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: the chain mediating role of internet addiction and depression
Yu-hang LU1, Er-pei ZHANG1, Meng-jiao YU2, Bao-jun YE1, Guo-jian YAN3, Yue CHEN1, Xiao-li LEI1, Bo YI1, Zhi-xing SONG4, Tian JIANG5
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510203
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目的

探索西部某地区青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)之间的关系,并检验网络成瘾与抑郁在其中的链式中介作用。

方法

采用横断面设计,对西部某中学1 331名七、八年级学生,使用网络成瘾测验、流行病调查中心抑郁量表、中国家庭评估工具及自我伤害问卷进行调查。

结果

青少年NSSI检出率为32.5%。NSSI检出率在性别(χ2=39.539)、吸烟史(χ2=29.838)、饮酒史(χ2=35.042)、学习负担(χ2=49.824)及睡眠时间(χ2=54.838)等因素的不同组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。中介效应分析表明,家庭功能障碍不仅直接影响NSSI,还可通过网络成瘾(占13.2%)、抑郁(占39.7%)及“网络成瘾-抑郁”的链式路径(占7.4%)间接作用于NSSI,总间接效应占比为58.8%。

结论

本研究中家庭功能障碍是青少年NSSI的重要风险因素,其作用机制为通过网络成瘾与抑郁发挥链式中介效应。改善家庭功能、促进健康的网络使用习惯及抑郁情绪干预,有助于降低青少年NSSI风险。

青少年  /  非自杀性自伤  /  家庭功能  /  网络成瘾  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the relationship between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents in a specific western region of China, and to examine the chain mediating role of internet addiction and depression in this relationship.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 331 seventh and eighth-grade students from a middle school in a western region of China. Assessments were carried out using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), the Chinese version of the Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI).

Results

The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 32.5%. Statistically significant differences in NSSI were found across gender (χ2=39.539), history of smoking (χ2=29.838), history of alcohol use (χ2=35.042), academic burden (χ2=49.824), and sleep duration (χ2=54.838), with all P<0.001. Mediation analysis indicated that family dysfunction not only directly influenced NSSI but also exerted indirect effects through three pathways: internet addiction alone (accounting for 13.2%), depression alone (accounting for 39.7%), and the sequential chain of internet addiction followed by depression (accounting for 7.4%). The total indirect effect accounted for 58.8% of the overall influence.

Conclusion

Family dysfunction is a significant risk factor for adolescent NSSI in the studied region. Its mechanism of action involves exerting influence through the chain mediating effects of internet addiction and depression. Interventions aimed at improving family functioning, promoting healthy internet use habits, and addressing depressive symptoms may help reduce the risk of NSSI among adolescents.

Adolescents  /  Non-suicidal self-injury  /  Family functioning  /  Internet addiction  /  Depression
鲁宇航, 张尔沛, 余孟娇, 叶保君, 严国建, 陈玥, 雷小莉, 易博, 宋知行, 姜恬. 青少年家庭功能与非自杀性自伤行为的关联——网络成瘾和抑郁的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1251 -1256 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510203
Yu-hang LU, Er-pei ZHANG, Meng-jiao YU, Bao-jun YE, Guo-jian YAN, Yue CHEN, Xiao-li LEI, Bo YI, Zhi-xing SONG, Tian JIANG. Relationship between family functioning and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: the chain mediating role of internet addiction and depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1251 -1256 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510203
非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)指个体在无自杀意图下蓄意伤害自身身体的行为,如自我切割、啃咬等,已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。青少年是NSSI高发群体,我国大陆中学生NSSI检出率为5.4%~44.3%(总检出率27.4%)[1],且发生率逐年上升,加重社会与家庭心理负担。尽管NSSI本身不具致命性,但其是自杀行为的重要风险指标[2]。因此,探讨青少年NSSI的风险因素及作用机制,对自杀预防与干预具有重要意义。
根据McMaster模型,家庭功能被定义为家庭系统有效履行其工具性与情感性任务并维持系统完整性的能力[3]。研究显示,家庭功能障碍与网络成瘾是NSSI的重要影响因素。家庭作为青少年成长的核心微系统,非支持性家庭环境会削弱情绪调节能力,增加NSSI风险[4];而网络成瘾作为新兴心理健康问题,可能加重抑郁,从而间接提升NSSI风险[5]。进一步研究发现,家庭功能障碍与网络成瘾存在显著正相关:良好家庭功能可增强情感支持、降低网络依赖[6];而家庭冲突或亲子疏离则促使青少年通过网络逃避现实[7-9]。家庭功能障碍既可直接增加NSSI风险[10],也可间接诱发网络成瘾[11];相反,支持性家庭环境有助于青少年采用更合理的情绪调节方式[12-13]。同时,网络成瘾可能通过“短期缓解-长期损害”的机制增加NSSI风险[14],即沉迷网络虽能暂时回避负性情绪,但长期削弱情绪与社会适应能力[15]。
综上,家庭功能障碍不仅可能直接影响NSSI,还可能通过网络成瘾与抑郁产生间接效应,但这一中介机制缺乏实证检验。为此,本研究以中国西部地区青少年为对象,构建多重链式中介模型,探讨家庭功能障碍对NSSI的直接作用及网络成瘾、抑郁的中介效应,旨在揭示该地区青少年NSSI的发生机制,并为针对性干预提供新证据。具体来说,本研究假设如下:(1)家庭功能障碍正向预测NSSI;(2)网络成瘾在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间起中介作用;(3)抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间起中介作用;(4)网络成瘾与抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间起链式中介作用。
本研究采用横断面设计,于2024年2月以整群抽样法选取中国大陆西部地区某中学七年级及八年级全体在校生为研究对象。
纳入条件:(1)年龄12~16周岁;(2)具备自主完成问卷的认知能力。排除标准:(1)经医疗机构确诊的精神发育迟滞者;(2)未签署知情同意书的个体。
研究方案通过伦理审查委员会审核(成都市第四人民医院伦理委员会,批准号:2023-004),所有参与者及其法定监护人均签署书面知情同意书后参与调查。
本研究采用电子化问卷调查系统,共发放问卷1 349份,回收有效问卷1 331份(有效率为98.67%)。
使用自主编制的个人基本情况调查问卷,以网络化问卷调查系统,通过学生自填的形式调查研究对象的性别、年龄、家庭情况等基本信息。
网络成瘾测验(internet addiction test,IAT)由Young等编制,共20个条目,包括戒断反应和耐受性、冲动和社会退缩、时间管理问题三个维度。各条目根据符合程度按1~5计分(1=几乎没有发生,5=总是发生),总分值为20~100分。量表总分越高代表网络成瘾越严重,总分40~59分为轻度网络成瘾,60~79分为中度网络成瘾,80~100分为重度网络成瘾[16]。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.889。
流行病调查中心抑郁量表(center for epidemiological studies depression scale for children,CES-DC)包括20个标准化项目,用于评估抑郁症状。这些项目包括第一人称关于抑郁症的情绪、认知和行为相关组成部分的简短陈述。其包含四个维度:抑郁情绪(depressed affect)、积极情绪(positive affect)、躯体症状与活动迟滞(somatic and retardedactivity)、人际(interpersonal)。所有项目都根据其前一周的发病率采用4点李克特量表进行评估,并从0到3评分(0=完全没有,1=一点,2=一些,3=很多),分数越高表示症状越多[17]。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.870,表明内在一致性良好。
中国家庭评估工具(the Chinese family assessment instrument,C-FAI)由SHEK等编制,包括相互关系、沟通、冲突与和谐、父母关心和父母控制五个维度,共33个条目,采用1~5级计分(1=十分相似,5=十分不相似),量表中9个条目反向计分,总分165分,得分越高,表明家庭功能障碍程度越高[18]。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.927。
自我伤害问卷(deliberate self-harm inventory,DSHI)由Gratz编制、Lundh等修订,用于测量青少年一年内各类NSSI行为的发生频率,采用1~4四点计分(1=从来没有,4=3次及以上)。该量表共9题,得分>9分即可判定为有NSSI行为[19],且量表得分越高表示自伤行为程度越高。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.900。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据处理与分析。以Harman单因素检验排除共同方法偏差。对于非正态分布的连续变量,采用中位数[M(P25,P75)]进行描述性统计,组间差异比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。以频数和百分比表示分类变量,组间差异比较采用χ2检验。采用偏相关分析探究控制协变量后家庭功能、网络成瘾、抑郁、与NSSI行为之间的相关性。使用SPSS 27.0软件结合PROCESS v4.3宏插件构建链式中介模型。采用bootstrap法检验中介效应有无统计学意义,模型中控制性别、年级、独生子女状况及学业成绩等协变量。分析抑郁症状和网络成瘾在家庭功能障碍与NSSI行为间的中介作用路径。所有统计检验均采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
使用Harman单因素法对所有量表题项进行未旋转探索性因子分析,结果显示特征值大于1的因子共析出14个,累积解释方差57.6%。其中首个公因子解释率为22.3%,低于40%,由此可认为本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
1 331名调查对象中多数来自双亲家庭(87.1%),非独生子女(84.6%)。父母亲学历、家庭收入情况、学习负担大致呈现正态分布。
存在NSSI行为的对象共检出433人,检出率32.5%。其中,男性183人(25.2%),女性250人(41.4%)。调查对象的C-FAI得分中位数为62(49,79),IAT得分中位数为36(29,44),CES-DC得分中位数为12(9,19),DSHI得分中位数为9(9,10)。NSSI发生率在性别、是否吸烟、饮酒等因素的组间差异均有统计学意义。见表1。
按照有无NSSI行为分组后进行分析,结果发现有NSSI行为组其家庭功能、网络成瘾、抑郁量表得分均高于无NSSI行为组。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验组间差异,P值均<0.001,具有显著性。见表2。
在控制父母学历、父母婚姻情况、留守情况、是否为独生子女、家庭经济情况、性别、年级、户籍、是否住校、吸烟、喝酒、睡眠情况、学习负担、年龄等15个协变量后,偏相关性分析显示,所有研究的变量均与NSSI呈现显著正向关联。其中抑郁的相关性最强(r=0.449,P<0.01),家庭功能障碍次之(r=0.325,P<0.01),网络成瘾最次(r=0.286,P<0.01),此外,对家庭功能的五个维度以及抑郁的四个维度分别进行偏相关分析,全部结果见表3。
基于上述相关性分析结果,构建以家庭功能障碍为自变量、网络成瘾和抑郁症状为链式中介变量、NSSI为因变量的链式中介模型。将父母学历、父母婚姻情况、留守情况、是否为独生子女、家庭经济情况、性别、年级、户籍、是否住校、吸烟、喝酒、睡眠情况、学习负担、年龄等15个协变量纳入控制,采用bootstrap法重复5 000次抽样检验中介效应。结果如图1所示,家庭功能障碍与青少年网络成瘾(β=0.321)、抑郁(β=0.366)、NSSI(β=0.132)均正相关;网络成瘾与抑郁(β=0.191)和NSSI(β=0.132)均正相关;抑郁与NSSI(β=0.357)正相关,上述关联均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。
如表4所示,分析结果显示网络成瘾在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间存在中介效应(效应值为0.009),抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间存在中介效应(效应值为0.027),网络成瘾、抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间构成链式中介效应(效应值为0.005)。
本研究以中国西部地区某中学七、八年级的1 331名学生为样本进行横断面分析。结果显示,NSSI发生率在不同性别中存在显著差异,女性较男性更易出现NSSI行为,与张小崔等的研究结果一致。张小崔等人进一步指出,这可能与女性青春期情绪敏感性更高、消极思维倾向更强及承担多重社会与学业压力有关。在缺乏有效情绪宣泄与社会支持时,女性更易陷入负性情绪循环,从而增加自伤风险[20]。此外,吸烟史与饮酒史与NSSI发生显著相关,这与王连花等[21]的研究结果相符。
本研究发现,家庭功能障碍与NSSI呈正相关,中介分析证实家庭功能障碍对NSSI具有直接效应。功能失调家庭常表现为沟通障碍、情感冲突、过度控制或疏离。有研究基于压力敏感性理论指出,长期家庭功能障碍会积累风险,使青少年形成较高压力敏感性,进而更倾向于以NSSI应对情绪[22]。因此,加强家庭情感支持与沟通训练,通过家庭教育和心理辅导提升亲子互动与依恋安全感,采用支持性、鼓励性的教养方式,有助于降低压力敏感性,从而减少NSSI。
分析结果进一步支持网络成瘾在家庭功能障碍与NSSI之间的中介作用。I-PACE模型认为,当个体在现实中缺乏情感支持时,可能通过过度使用网络寻求替代性满足[23]。若青少年在网络互动中获得情感补偿与愉悦体验,现实中缺失的父母支持可能被暂时弥补,进而加深网络依赖[24]。然而,这种补偿虽能短期缓解压力,却可能削弱情绪调节功能,增加焦虑与抑郁风险,最终提高NSSI发生率。鉴于网络成瘾作为外化问题易于识别,早期筛查并及时提供家庭与社会支持,可在NSSI风险干预中发挥重要作用。
研究还验证了抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI间的中介效应,其中“家庭功能障碍-抑郁-NSSI”路径效应量最大。累积风险模型与社会生态系统理论均指出,持续的家庭功能障碍是青少年抑郁的重要预测因素[25],这与本研究一致。抑郁个体更易采用逃避性应对与不成熟防御机制,与NSSI密切相关[26]。因此,抑郁在家庭功能障碍与NSSI间发挥关键中介作用。已有研究表明,正念认知疗法可有效改善青少年抑郁[27]并提升家庭功能[28],提示未来干预应兼顾情绪管理与家庭支持。
进一步分析表明,网络成瘾与抑郁显著正相关,验证了“家庭功能障碍-网络成瘾-抑郁-NSSI”链式中介路径的合理性。随着网络成瘾加深,青少年现实社交减少,更易遭遇网络欺凌与自尊受损,从而增加抑郁风险[29]。此外,网络成瘾常伴随夜间过度上网行为,以牺牲睡眠换取即时满足,而睡眠不足已被证实是抑郁的重要危险因素[30]。综上,本研究揭示了外部环境风险向内部心理风险逐步累积的机制:家庭功能障碍削弱情感支持并增加冲突,促使青少年依赖网络;网络成瘾进一步削弱现实社会支持并诱发睡眠障碍,加剧抑郁,最终在抑郁驱动下,NSSI成为其应对负性情绪的方式。
本研究亦存在一定局限性:(1)由于采用横断面设计,因果推断能力有限,难以揭示变量间的动态变化机制;(2)样本来源于同一所学校,在一定程度上限制了研究结论的普适性与外推效度;(3)数据主要依赖自评问卷,可能存在一定的报告偏倚;(4)本研究中家庭功能与抑郁量表存在多个维度,但并未分维度进行链式中介分析。未来可开展纵向或交叉滞后设计追踪研究变量间的时序关系,进一步验证本研究中链式中介模型的因果路径,并扩大样本的多样性,纳入不同地区、学校类型的学生群体,提高结果的普适性。
  • 成都市医学科研课题(2023076)
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510203
  • 接收时间:2025-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13
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成都市医学科研课题(2023076)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西护理学院/四川大学华西医院护理部
    3.成都市第四人民医院
    4.西南大学计算机与信息科学学院
    5.《四川大学学报(医学版)》编辑部,四川 成都 610041

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