Article(id=1324077533502767902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509370, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614284158, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614284158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614284158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614284158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1292, endPage=1296, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077533733454623, articleId=1324077533502767902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development of an MTM-based medication adherence scale for patients with tuberculosis and testing of its reliability and validity, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a medication adherence scale for tuberculosis (TB) patients and to validate its reliability and validity.

Methods

The initial scale was constructed based on a multi-theory model (MTM) through literature review, expert consultation, and a pilot survey with TB patients. A survey was conducted among 310 TB patients from Yangzhou Third People's Hospital between October 2024 and March 2025 to assess the scale's reliability and validity.

Results

The final scale contained 6 dimensions (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, emotional transformation, self-efficacy, social support, and behavioral transformation) with a total of 48 items. The item-total correlations ranged from 0.592 to 0.884 (all P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 common factors, which collectively explained 85.234% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good model fit. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.978, with subscale coefficients ranging from 0.959 to 0.982, and the split-half reliability was 0.831.

Conclusion

The MTM-based medication adherence scale for tuberculosis patients shows good reliability and validity, and can be used as a specific assessment tool for medication adherence in patients with tuberculosis.

, authors=Xiu-feng MENG1, 2, Hui-wen XU2, Ming-fen ZHOU1, Juan CHEN1, Yan XU1, Chun-li DING1, Yan-li WU1, Yan-xia GAO1, Lin BI1, authorsList=Xiu-feng MENG, Hui-wen XU, Ming-fen ZHOU, Juan CHEN, Yan XU, Chun-li DING, Yan-li WU, Yan-xia GAO, Lin BI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui-wen XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077534052221728, articleId=1324077533502767902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表的编制和信效度检验, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

编制肺结核患者服药依从性量表,并验证其信效度。

方法

通过文献回顾、专家函询及肺结核患者预调查,基于多理论模型构建初始量表;于2024年10月—2025年3月选取扬州市第三人民医院310例肺结核患者进行调查,验证量表信效度。

结果

肺结核患者服药依从性量表由感知益处、感知障碍、情感转变、自我效能、社会支持以及行为转变6个维度构成,共计48个条目。各条目与量表总分之间的相关系数为0.592~0.884(均P<0.001)。探索性因子分析共提取出6个公因子,累积方差贡献率达到85.234%。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合较好。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.978,各分量表为0.959~0.982,折半信度为0.831。

结论

基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表具有良好的信效度,可作为肺结核患者特异性服药依从性的评价工具。

, authors=孟秀凤1, 2, 徐慧文2, 周明芬1, 陈娟1, 徐艳1, 丁春丽1, 吴艳丽1, 高艳霞1, 毕琳1, authorsList=孟秀凤, 徐慧文, 周明芬, 陈娟, 徐艳, 丁春丽, 吴艳丽, 高艳霞, 毕琳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐慧文, authorNote=

孟秀凤(1978—),女,本科,主任护师,研究方向:传染病护理与预防、护理管理

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徐慧文,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Validation of the reliability and validity of the fertility-friendly perception scale for reproductive-aged women, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077546152788861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=49, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=史静琤, 莫显昆, 孙振球, journalName=中南大学学报:医学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=史静琤, 莫显昆, 孙振球. 量表编制中内容效度指数的应用[J]. 中南大学学报:医学版, 2012, 37(2): 49-52., articleTitle=量表编制中内容效度指数的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077546240869246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=49, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Shi JC, Mo XK, Sun ZQ, journalName=Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi JC, Mo XK, Sun ZQ. Content validity index in scale development[J]. Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), 2012, 37(2): 49-52. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Content validity index in scale development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077546429612927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Thomas J, Jose M, Rajmohan P, journalName=JMIR Research Protocols, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thomas J, Jose M, Rajmohan P, et al. Development and validation of a novel Tool to measure medication adherence for noncommunicable diseases in India: protocol for an exploratory sequential mixed methods multicentric study[J]. 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General information of patients (n=310)

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项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别男20766.8
女10333.2
年龄(岁)≤20103.2
21~29175.5
30~393110.0
40~493310.6
50~596420.6
60~696621.3
70~798928.7
文化程度小学及以下12339.7
初中8828.4
高中/中专6019.4
大专113.5
本科及以上289.0
婚姻状况未婚4113.2
已婚26986.8
医保方式职工医保12440.0
居民医保4414.2
农保13342.9
商业医疗保险20.6
自费72.3
服用抗结核药物的种类(种)13210.3
211236.1
312239.4
>34414.2
服用抗结核药物的时间(月)<114546.8
1~<37323.5
3~<64715.2
>64514.5
), ArticleFig(id=1324077541580997473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象一般资料(n=310)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别男20766.8
女10333.2
年龄(岁)≤20103.2
21~29175.5
30~393110.0
40~493310.6
50~596420.6
60~696621.3
70~798928.7
文化程度小学及以下12339.7
初中8828.4
高中/中专6019.4
大专113.5
本科及以上289.0
婚姻状况未婚4113.2
已婚26986.8
医保方式职工医保12440.0
居民医保4414.2
农保13342.9
商业医疗保险20.6
自费72.3
服用抗结核药物的种类(种)13210.3
211236.1
312239.4
>34414.2
服用抗结核药物的时间(月)<114546.8
1~<37323.5
3~<64715.2
>64514.5
), ArticleFig(id=1324077541719409506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The factor loading of the medication adherence scale for tuberculosis patients

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条目感知益处感知障碍情感转变自我效能社会支持行为转变
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以改善精神状态。0.831
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以减轻疾病症状。0.833
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以预防疾病复发。0.851
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以避免肺结核病情恶化。0.866
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以降低传染性,避免传染给他人。0.797
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以帮助我增加社会交往。0.837
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以促进康复,早日恢复正常生活。0.854
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会让我受到药物副作用和不良影响。0.941
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会加重我的经济负担。0.951
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会让我多重用药增加身体负担。0.963
我有治愈肺结核的信心。0.593
我能接受现有的治疗方案。0.623
我有信心坚持按疗程服药。0.647
我能理解药物的副作用。0.628
我会主动激励自己按时按量服药。0.670
我会减轻对药物副作用的担忧。0.643
我能按医生的指导正确服药。0.620
当感觉疾病症状好转时,我仍会坚持服药。0.688
当感觉身体有不舒服时,我会和医护人员联系,在他们的指导下继续服药。0.669
我不会自行减少或增加药量。0.754
我不会因为药物费用问题而推迟开药时间。0.713
我会避免因疏忽导致漏服药。0.746
我会在药物用完之前,提前计划开药。0.733
我不会出现断药的情况。0.774
我有良好的生活习惯,作息规律,按时一日三餐。0.704
在微信、电子药盒等智能工具提示下,我能够按时按量服药。0.636
当外出旅游或长时间离家时,我会记得随身携带药物。0.514
我能够在所在地获得所需抗结核药物。0.534
我到定点医院随诊很方便。0.560
我所就诊的结核病防治机构诊疗药设备齐全。0.600
我所就诊的结核病防治机构诊疗药物品种齐全。0.586
如果服用药物缺货,我会和主诊医生联系,及时调整药物。0.612
我对就诊过程中医务人员的服务态度感到满意。0.861
医务人员详细告知了结核病相关知识。0.859
医务人员详细告知了病情。0.874
医务人员详细告知了抗结核药物的服药方法。0.886
医务人员详细告知了抗结核药物治疗期间可能发生的不良反应。0.881
医护人员让我确信结核病能够被治愈。0.877
在医务人员或家庭成员督导下,我能够按时按量服药。0.895
我能够负担得起定期检测和护肝治疗的费用。0.845
我的家人或朋友能够提醒我及时服药或复诊。0.846
我了解国家对肺结核病人的支持政策。
从现在开始,我能够每天按时按量服药。0.793
在接下来的一周里,我能够按时按量服药。0.769
在接下来的一个月里,我能够按时按量服药。0.736
在接下来的三个月里,我能够按时按量服药。0.634
在以后的治疗疗程中,我能够按时按量服药。0.639
出现意外情况(过敏、肝损等)断药时,我能坚持完成试药阶段,进入规范治疗。0.538
), ArticleFig(id=1324077541803295587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

肺结核患者用药依从性量表各因子载荷

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目感知益处感知障碍情感转变自我效能社会支持行为转变
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以改善精神状态。0.831
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以减轻疾病症状。0.833
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以预防疾病复发。0.851
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以避免肺结核病情恶化。0.866
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以降低传染性,避免传染给他人。0.797
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以帮助我增加社会交往。0.837
如果遵医嘱持续服药,可以促进康复,早日恢复正常生活。0.854
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会让我受到药物副作用和不良影响。0.941
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会加重我的经济负担。0.951
如果遵医嘱持续服药,会让我多重用药增加身体负担。0.963
我有治愈肺结核的信心。0.593
我能接受现有的治疗方案。0.623
我有信心坚持按疗程服药。0.647
我能理解药物的副作用。0.628
我会主动激励自己按时按量服药。0.670
我会减轻对药物副作用的担忧。0.643
我能按医生的指导正确服药。0.620
当感觉疾病症状好转时,我仍会坚持服药。0.688
当感觉身体有不舒服时,我会和医护人员联系,在他们的指导下继续服药。0.669
我不会自行减少或增加药量。0.754
我不会因为药物费用问题而推迟开药时间。0.713
我会避免因疏忽导致漏服药。0.746
我会在药物用完之前,提前计划开药。0.733
我不会出现断药的情况。0.774
我有良好的生活习惯,作息规律,按时一日三餐。0.704
在微信、电子药盒等智能工具提示下,我能够按时按量服药。0.636
当外出旅游或长时间离家时,我会记得随身携带药物。0.514
我能够在所在地获得所需抗结核药物。0.534
我到定点医院随诊很方便。0.560
我所就诊的结核病防治机构诊疗药设备齐全。0.600
我所就诊的结核病防治机构诊疗药物品种齐全。0.586
如果服用药物缺货,我会和主诊医生联系,及时调整药物。0.612
我对就诊过程中医务人员的服务态度感到满意。0.861
医务人员详细告知了结核病相关知识。0.859
医务人员详细告知了病情。0.874
医务人员详细告知了抗结核药物的服药方法。0.886
医务人员详细告知了抗结核药物治疗期间可能发生的不良反应。0.881
医护人员让我确信结核病能够被治愈。0.877
在医务人员或家庭成员督导下,我能够按时按量服药。0.895
我能够负担得起定期检测和护肝治疗的费用。0.845
我的家人或朋友能够提醒我及时服药或复诊。0.846
我了解国家对肺结核病人的支持政策。
从现在开始,我能够每天按时按量服药。0.793
在接下来的一周里,我能够按时按量服药。0.769
在接下来的一个月里,我能够按时按量服药。0.736
在接下来的三个月里,我能够按时按量服药。0.634
在以后的治疗疗程中,我能够按时按量服药。0.639
出现意外情况(过敏、肝损等)断药时,我能坚持完成试药阶段,进入规范治疗。0.538
), ArticleFig(id=1324077541933319012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reliability of the medication adherence scale for tuberculosis patients

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项目条目数Cronbach α系数Guttman折半信度系数
总量表480.9780.831
感知益处70.9710.935
感知障碍30.9660.874
情感转变60.9650.936
自我效能100.9730.958
社会支持160.9820.928
行为转变60.9590.923
), ArticleFig(id=1324077542029788005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077533502767902, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

肺结核患者服药依从性量表的信度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目条目数Cronbach α系数Guttman折半信度系数
总量表480.9780.831
感知益处70.9710.935
感知障碍30.9660.874
情感转变60.9650.936
自我效能100.9730.958
社会支持160.9820.928
行为转变60.9590.923
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基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表的编制和信效度检验
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孟秀凤 1, 2 , 徐慧文 2 , 周明芬 1 , 陈娟 1 , 徐艳 1 , 丁春丽 1 , 吴艳丽 1 , 高艳霞 1 , 毕琳 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(7): 1292-1296
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (7) : 1292 -1296
基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表的编制和信效度检验
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孟秀凤1, 2, 徐慧文2 , 周明芬1, 陈娟1, 徐艳1, 丁春丽1, 吴艳丽1, 高艳霞1, 毕琳1
作者信息
  • 1.扬州市第三人民医院,江苏 扬州 225002
  • 2.扬州大学护理学院,江苏 扬州 225009
通讯作者:
徐慧文,E-mail:
作者简介:

孟秀凤(1978—),女,本科,主任护师,研究方向:传染病护理与预防、护理管理

Development of an MTM-based medication adherence scale for patients with tuberculosis and testing of its reliability and validity
Xiu-feng MENG1, 2, Hui-wen XU2 , Ming-fen ZHOU1, Juan CHEN1, Yan XU1, Chun-li DING1, Yan-li WU1, Yan-xia GAO1, Lin BI1
Affiliations
  • Yangzhou Third People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509370
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目的

编制肺结核患者服药依从性量表,并验证其信效度。

方法

通过文献回顾、专家函询及肺结核患者预调查,基于多理论模型构建初始量表;于2024年10月—2025年3月选取扬州市第三人民医院310例肺结核患者进行调查,验证量表信效度。

结果

肺结核患者服药依从性量表由感知益处、感知障碍、情感转变、自我效能、社会支持以及行为转变6个维度构成,共计48个条目。各条目与量表总分之间的相关系数为0.592~0.884(均P<0.001)。探索性因子分析共提取出6个公因子,累积方差贡献率达到85.234%。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合较好。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.978,各分量表为0.959~0.982,折半信度为0.831。

结论

基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表具有良好的信效度,可作为肺结核患者特异性服药依从性的评价工具。

肺结核  /  服药依从性  /  多理论模型  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To develop a medication adherence scale for tuberculosis (TB) patients and to validate its reliability and validity.

Methods

The initial scale was constructed based on a multi-theory model (MTM) through literature review, expert consultation, and a pilot survey with TB patients. A survey was conducted among 310 TB patients from Yangzhou Third People's Hospital between October 2024 and March 2025 to assess the scale's reliability and validity.

Results

The final scale contained 6 dimensions (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, emotional transformation, self-efficacy, social support, and behavioral transformation) with a total of 48 items. The item-total correlations ranged from 0.592 to 0.884 (all P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 common factors, which collectively explained 85.234% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good model fit. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.978, with subscale coefficients ranging from 0.959 to 0.982, and the split-half reliability was 0.831.

Conclusion

The MTM-based medication adherence scale for tuberculosis patients shows good reliability and validity, and can be used as a specific assessment tool for medication adherence in patients with tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis  /  Medication adherence  /  Multi-theory model  /  Scale  /  Reliability  /  Validity
孟秀凤, 徐慧文, 周明芬, 陈娟, 徐艳, 丁春丽, 吴艳丽, 高艳霞, 毕琳. 基于多理论模型的肺结核患者服药依从性量表的编制和信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1292 -1296 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509370
Xiu-feng MENG, Hui-wen XU, Ming-fen ZHOU, Juan CHEN, Yan XU, Chun-li DING, Yan-li WU, Yan-xia GAO, Lin BI. Development of an MTM-based medication adherence scale for patients with tuberculosis and testing of its reliability and validity[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1292 -1296 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509370
目前,结核病仍是威胁人类健康的重大公共卫生问题[1]。据估计,2024年全球新发结核病1 070万例,其中中国为69.6万例[2]。服药依从性是影响肺结核患者疗效的关键因素[3-4]。服药依从性低不仅导致治疗周期延长、病情加重、结核病复发、耐药甚至治疗失败等后果,还会增加结核分枝杆菌传染的风险,进而增加社会结核病防控困难。目前评估结核病患者服药依从性的工具主要有药物依从性问卷、Morisky药物依从性量表、慢性病患者服药依从性量表[5],但疾病特异性不足。肺结核患者服药治疗周期长、用药方案复杂、药物不良反应常见,加之疾病本身带来的心理社会负担,导致患者服药依从性不足。肺结核患者的服药依从性行为在表现形式、影响因素及动态变化上均体现出不同于其他慢性疾病的显著特异性,编制肺结核患者的特异性量表具有重要意义。多理论模型(multi-theory model,MTM)整合了多种健康行为改变理论,将健康行为的改变划分为启动和维持两个阶段[6],可综合考虑个人认知、社会支持、环境交互等多方面因素,能够评估肺结核患者启动服药行为和维持该行为的心理与社会过程。本研究基于MTM编制并验证肺结核患者服药依从性量表的信效度,以期为临床评估并识别肺结核患者服药依从性的薄弱环节与影响因素提供有效工具。
系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase数据库,中文检索式为(结核病OR肺结核)AND(服药依从性OR用药依从性OR治疗依从性OR遵医行为),英文检索式为(Tuberculosis OR Tuberculosis,Pulmonary OR tuberculosis OR pulmonary tuberculosis OR TB)AND(Medication Adherence OR Patient Compliance OR compliance OR adherence OR treatment adherence),检索时间为各数据库建库起至2024年3月。文献纳入标准:(1)研究对象为肺结核患者;(2)研究内容包含服药依从性的测量工具、影响因素等;(3)语种为中文或英文。排除标准:(1)重复发表的文献;(2)无法获取全文或信息不全的文献。以MTM为理论框架,对纳入文献中提取出的与服药依从性相关的陈述进行梳理、归纳与分类,通过小组讨论,对条目进行筛选与优化,形成量表初始条目池。
2024年5—8月,邀请江苏省内30名专家进行专家函询,专家年龄34~64岁;其中,正高级职称12人,副高级职称12人,中级职称6人;博士学位3人,硕士学位4人,学士学位23人。函询专家来自结核病防治、传染病护理、公共卫生管理等相关学科工作领域。函询问卷包括:(1)致专家信:包含研究背景与目的、量表简介等;(2)量表条目相关性评定,采用Likert 4级评分法(1~4分分别代表“不相关”至“非常相关”)对条目与研究目标的相关性进行评分,并设修改建议栏;(3)专家基本信息;(4)专家权威程度自评表,包括专家对该领域的熟悉程度及对条目判断的主要依据。每轮函询结束后,研究者计算各条目相关性的评分均数、标准差及变异系数(coefficient of variation)。研究小组召开专题会议,以匿名形式审议专家反馈意见,重点讨论变异系数≥0.25或意见分歧较大的条目。对于存在争议的条目,依据多数意见进行修改;若专家意见对立或难以统一,则整理形成修改方案,在下一轮函询中再次提交专家重新评价,直至达成共识。当专家权威程度达到0.7,专家意见的一致性较好时,即停止进行下一轮专家函询[7]。
采用便利抽样法,于2024年9月从扬州市第三人民医院结核科住院患者选取19名结核病患者开展预调查。纳入标准:(1)符合《中华人民共和国卫生行业标准—肺结核》(WS 288—2017)的肺结核确诊患者;(2)年龄为18~80周岁;(3)正在接受抗结核药物治疗;(4)神志清醒,具备正常言语交流能力;(5)知情并自愿参与本研究。排除标准:(1)合并严重脏器衰竭患者;(2)罹患精神疾病难以配合调查者;(3)存在结核药物过敏者。根据研究对象对量表各项目的评价与建议,对量表条目进行修改和完善[8]。
调查对象选取方法同预调查。依据探索性因子分析对样本量的要求,通常需要达到条目数量的5~10倍[9],结合最终确定的量表条目数,并考虑到10%的无效问卷,确定所需样本量范围为264~528例。
包括一般资料调查表和肺结核患者服药依从性量表。一般资料调查表包含研究对象性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况等;经预调查后形成的肺结核患者服药依从性量表。
经培训后统一指导语,调查前向患者说明目的、意义和填写说明,由患者用手机现场扫二维码填写电子问卷。对于因文化程度或理解能力等原因自行填写确有困难的患者,由研究者在逐条诵读并解释条目内容后,严格依据患者的口头回答进行客观记录,避免任何暗示或引导。本研究已取得扬州市第三人民医院伦理委员会批准(YZSYLLPJ-2024-090616-01)。
数据处理与分析利用SPSS 26.0及Amos 23.0软件。分类变量采用频数及构成比描述;连续变量若符合正态分布,采用(均数±标准差)描述,否则用中位数和四分位间距描述。量表条目的筛选综合采用项目分析、Pearson相关分析以及探索性因子分析等多种统计方法,检验水准α=0.05。
(1)临界比值法:对高分组和低分组在各条目上的得分进行比较,计算每个条目的临界比率值(critical ration,CR)。若CR值低于3或未达到统计学显著水平,应予以删除[10]。(2)相关系数法:计算各条目得分与量表总分的Pearson相关系数(r),若r值低于0.4或未达到统计学显著水平,应予以删除[10]。(3)Cronbach α系数法:比较删除特定条目前后量表的Cronbach α系数变化,若删除某个条目后α系数升高,应予以删除[10]。
(1)内容效度:采用条目水平的内容效度指数(item-content validity index,I-CVI)和量表水平的内容效度指数(scale-content validity index,S-CVI)进行评价。当I-CVI大于0.78且S-CVI大于0.90时,认为量表具有良好的内容效度[11]。(2)结构效度:采用探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA)验证量表的结构效度。通过验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis,CFA)检验预设模型拟合度[10]。
(1)Cronbach α系数:总量表Cronbach α系数大于0.8,各分量表的α系数大于0.7,可以认为量表内部一致性较好[10]。(2)折半信度:通过计算折半信度系数评估量表的一致性,通常要求系数不低于0.7[10]。
共回收318份调查问卷,有效问卷310份,有效率97.5%。其中,男性占比66.8%,女性占比33.2%。年龄分布主要集中在50~79岁(占70.6%),39.7%的患者为小学文化,89.7%的患者服用两种及以上抗结核药物。调查对象一般资料见表1。
临界比值法显示,各条目CR值为9.652~15.167(均P<0.001)。相关系数法结果显示,量表各条目与总分的相关系数范围为0.592~0.884(均P<0.001)。信度分析显示,删除任一项目后Cronbach α系数均未出现提高。因此,所有条目均予以保留。
初始量表包含7个维度,共42个条目。第一轮专家函询的问卷回收率为100%,共有11位专家提出57条修改意见。根据反馈意见,修改21条、新增17条、删除4条、合并1条,形成修订版量表(共7个维度、51个条目)。第二轮专家函询的问卷回收率为100%,其中3位专家提供了10项修改建议。专家权威程度为0.91,I-CVI为0.93~1.00,S-CVI/Ave为0.97,各维度CV为0.06~0.18。综合专家意见及数据分析,各维度内容保持原状,条目保留48项。随后,邀请19名肺结核患者就量表的语言表述、结构和版式编排等方面开展小组讨论,并进一步修改完善,形成最终版量表。
探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO检验值为0.846,Bartlett球形检验χ2=25 364.455(P<0.001),满足探索性因子分析的条件。将特征值≥1的因子提取为公因子,结果显示,量表共提取6个公因子,分别命名为感知益处、感知障碍、情感转变、自我效能、社会支持、行为转变,累积方差贡献率为85.234%。各条目的载荷值为0.514~0.963。见表2。
运用最大似然法对模型进行拟合,结果显示GFI=0.902,NFI=0.954,RFI=0.939,IFI=0.985,TLI=0.972,CFI=0.984,模型拟合较好。
总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.978,折半信度为0.831。各维度的Cronbach α系数和折半信度见表3。
良好的服药依从性是肺结核患者成功治愈的重要因素,用药依从性量表是临床实践中识别服药行为的简便、低成本方法[12]。本研究通过借鉴国内外相关指南标准和专家意见,编制了基于MTM的肺结核患者服药依从性量表,该量表具有良好的信效度,能够作为肺结核患者服药依从性测量的有效评估工具。
量表编制采用MTM作为指导框架,该模型整合了健康信念模型、社会认知理论、计划行为理论等多个行为改变理论的核心要素,相比于单一理论框架,MTM能够更好地应对服药依从性这一复杂行为的多样性和动态性特点,多元理论整合使量表能够全面覆盖影响服药依从性的多种心理和行为因素。量表最初划分为7个维度,分别为“感知益处、感知障碍、情感转变、行为信心、物质环境、社会环境、行为改变”。然而,探索性因子分析结果显示,实际提取出6个公因子。原“行为信心”维度更改为“自我效能”,表明该维度的条目更侧重于测量个体对执行健康行为信心的判断。其次,原“物质环境”与“社会环境”两个维度合并为一个公因子,命名为“社会支持”。该结果表明,在肺结核患者的实际感知中,物质与社会环境两类因素并非独立起作用,而是共同构成个体所感知的外部支持系统。此外,“行为改变”更改为“行为转变”,更强调行为变化的动态过程。
量表信效度检验项目分析显示,所有条目的CR值均高于3,表明各条目具有良好的鉴别度。条目与总分的相关系数为0.592~0.884,表明各条目与量表整体具有高度的同质性。效度分析结果显示,所有条目I-CVI均大于0.78,总量表S-CVI/Ave高于0.90,表明该量表内容效度较好。共提取出6个公因子,累积方差贡献率高于80%,各因子载荷值均高于0.5,表明量表具有良好的结构效度。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合较好,大多数指标均接近理想标准。信度分析结果表明,量表在测量肺结核患者服药依从性时具有较好的稳定性和一致性。
本研究存在一定的局限性。一方面,本量表尚未进行效标效度检验,因而无法全面评估其与临床结局或现有工具的关联程度。另一方面,初步构建的条目数量较多,可能在临床应用中影响填写效率与便捷性。此外,本研究样本量有限,且人口学分布不均,可能影响结构效度评估的稳定性。未来研究将通过项目分析与因子负荷评估进一步筛选核心条目,形成简版量表。同时,在扩大样本量的基础上,采用更科学的抽样策略,并将本量表与痰菌转阴率、治疗完成率以及现有经典依从性评估工具进行关联,以全面检验其效标效度与预测效度,从而提升量表在实际应用中的适用性与推广价值。
  • 教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(HZKY20220165; 202201257)
  • 江苏省人兽共患病学重点实验室“护馨基金”项目(HX2205)
  • 江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2023176)
  • 2024年度扬州市基础研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类立项项目(2024-2-18)
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509370
  • 接收时间:2025-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23
基金
教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(HZKY20220165; 202201257)
江苏省人兽共患病学重点实验室“护馨基金”项目(HX2205)
江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2023176)
2024年度扬州市基础研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类立项项目(2024-2-18)
作者信息
    1.扬州市第三人民医院,江苏 扬州 225002
    2.扬州大学护理学院,江苏 扬州 225009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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