Article(id=1324077520588505799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614281078, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614281078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614281078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614281078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1304, endPage=1310, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077520865329864, articleId=1324077520588505799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cross-lagged panel network analysis of cognitive function and physical frailty in Chinese older adults, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore dynamic bidirectional associations among cognitive frailty symptoms in Chinese older adults and identify core symptoms within the cognitive frailty network.

Methods

Older adults from the baseline and two follow-up waves (2011—2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. The longitudinal network structure of cognitive function and physical frailty was analyzed using cross-lagged panel network analysis.

Results

A total of 2 377 older adults were included. The T1→T2 network contained 63 non-zero predictive effects (57.27%), with the strongest prediction being the negative impact of instrumental activities of daily living on general ability (β=-0.47) and attention-based calculation ability (β=-0.39). The T2→T3 phase showed an increase to 71 non-zero effects (64.55%), revealing a feedback loop: instrumental activities of daily living→health status evaluation→verbal comprehension and self-coordination→instrumental activities of daily living. The centrality analysis showed that the language comprehension and self-coordination ability in the T1-T2 stage had the strongest outward influence (out-EI=0.98), and the basic activities of daily living in the T2-T3 stage became the strongest output node (out-EI=1.35). Physical function manifested as the introverted core (in-EI=1.43, 0.86) that was most susceptible to other nodes in both stages.

Conclusion

Priority should be given to improving basic activities of daily living and language comprehension abilities, implementing early comprehensive intervention, and strengthening the dynamic monitoring and management of physical functions and chronic diseases to delay the process of functional decline and promote healthy aging.

, authors=Xiao-min LI, Gui-xiang HE, authorsList=Xiao-min LI, Gui-xiang HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gui-xiang HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077524036223703, articleId=1324077520588505799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国老年人认知功能与身体衰弱的交叉滞后网络分析, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索中国老年人群认知衰弱症状间的动态双向关联,识别认知衰弱网络中的核心症状。

方法

以中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2011—2018年基线和二次随访数据中的老年人为研究对象,使用交叉滞后网络分析研究认知功能与身体衰弱的纵向网络结构。

结果

共纳入2 377名老年人。T1→T2阶段网络包含63条非零预测效应(57.27%),最强预测来自工具性日常生活自理能力对一般能力(β=-0.47)和注意计算能力(β=-0.39)的负向影响;T2→T3阶段非零效应增至71条(64.55%),并出现工具性日常生活自理能力→健康状况评价→语言理解与自我协调→工具性日常生活自理能力的反馈回路。中心性分析显示,T1→T2阶段语言理解与自我协调能力具有最强外向影响力(预期外影响=0.98),T2→T3阶段基础性日常生活自理能力成为最强输出节点(预期外影响=1.35),躯体功能在两个阶段均表现为最易受其他节点影响的内向核心(预期内影响=1.43、0.86)。

结论

优先改善基础性日常生活能力与语言理解能力,实施早期综合干预,并加强躯体功能与慢性病的动态监测与管理,以延缓功能衰退进程,促进健康老龄化。

, authors=李晓敏, 何桂香, authorsList=李晓敏, 何桂香, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何桂香, authorNote=

李晓敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康管理研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
何桂香,E-mail:
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Journal of Affective Disorders, 2024, 6: 366146-366152., articleTitle=A longitudinal study of the mediator role of physical activity in the bidirectional relationships of cognitive function and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077528440242941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077524275299032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077524287881945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, companyId=1324077524275299032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077524296270554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, companyId=1324077524275299032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077525747499759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of the inclusion and exclusion of research subjects for cognitive frailty, figureFileSmall=AOxTXuAW0jIEB7qjZiRBHQ==, figureFileBig=ajxTLP5tbcR/WeHa695TWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527018373872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图1, caption=认知衰弱研究对象的纳入排除流程图, figureFileSmall=AOxTXuAW0jIEB7qjZiRBHQ==, figureFileBig=ajxTLP5tbcR/WeHa695TWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527282615025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Cross-lagged network analysis of cognitive frailty at T1→T2 and T2→T3, figureFileSmall=wJWQPKGQpngW6p4mkK45TA==, figureFileBig=jwxwfv0k1F6AxMa7eTtSUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527345529586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图2, caption=T1→T2、T2→T3认知衰弱交叉滞后网络分析, figureFileSmall=wJWQPKGQpngW6p4mkK45TA==, figureFileBig=jwxwfv0k1F6AxMa7eTtSUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527429415667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Out-EI and in-EI of nodes in the cognitive frailty cross-lagged networks T1→T2 and T2→T3, figureFileSmall=6xAQgdIHHJ+pvO6R0leZrw==, figureFileBig=V9YWM0lz+36l0VKDnnYthQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527542661876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图3, caption=T1→T2、T2→T3认知衰弱交叉滞后网络中节点的out-EI和in-EI, figureFileSmall=6xAQgdIHHJ+pvO6R0leZrw==, figureFileBig=V9YWM0lz+36l0VKDnnYthQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527630742261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals of edge weights in the cognitive frailty cross-lagged networks T1→T2 and T2→T3, figureFileSmall=b4iRVw63PB9Rw5yqF/uwTA==, figureFileBig=o4U+od8WNIl+YmOmLljHNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527714628342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图4, caption=T1→T2、T2→T3认知衰弱交叉滞后网络中边缘权重的自举95%CI, figureFileSmall=b4iRVw63PB9Rw5yqF/uwTA==, figureFileBig=o4U+od8WNIl+YmOmLljHNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077527798514423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Bootstrap subset results of the cognitive frailty cross-lagged networks T1→T2 and T2→T3, figureFileSmall=ZKEs7BkFs7BszYhnxVTBeA==, figureFileBig=wwiCpDxLNEMAyuQCuUtw4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077528020812536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图5, caption=T1→T2、T2→T3认知衰弱交叉滞后网络的自举子集结果, figureFileSmall=ZKEs7BkFs7BszYhnxVTBeA==, figureFileBig=wwiCpDxLNEMAyuQCuUtw4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077528092115705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Difference tests of out-EI and in-EI in cognitive frailty for T1→T2 and T2→T3, figureFileSmall=kFuXwZgvNRI/JhFxnCNXkw==, figureFileBig=Yo8/F+GERDPZPtBriVbasg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077528163418874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=图6, caption=T1→T2、T2→T3认知衰弱out-EI和in-EI的差异检验, figureFileSmall=kFuXwZgvNRI/JhFxnCNXkw==, figureFileBig=Yo8/F+GERDPZPtBriVbasg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077528247304955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic demographic characteristics of the included samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别()/频数(%)
年龄(岁)76.72±7.95
性别男1 220(51.3)
女1 157(48.7)
居住类别城市326(13.7)
城镇701(29.5)
乡村1 350(56.8)
教育水平文盲1 057(44.5)
1~6年教育939(39.5)
7年及以上教育381(16)
婚姻状况有配偶1 434(60.3)
无配偶943(39.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077528331191036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077520588505799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入样本基本人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别()/频数(%)
年龄(岁)76.72±7.95
性别男1 220(51.3)
女1 157(48.7)
居住类别城市326(13.7)
城镇701(29.5)
乡村1 350(56.8)
教育水平文盲1 057(44.5)
1~6年教育939(39.5)
7年及以上教育381(16)
婚姻状况有配偶1 434(60.3)
无配偶943(39.7)
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中国老年人认知功能与身体衰弱的交叉滞后网络分析
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李晓敏 , 何桂香
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(7): 1304-1310
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (7) : 1304 -1310
中国老年人认知功能与身体衰弱的交叉滞后网络分析
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李晓敏, 何桂香
作者信息
  • 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
通讯作者:
何桂香,E-mail:
作者简介:

李晓敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康管理研究

Cross-lagged panel network analysis of cognitive function and physical frailty in Chinese older adults
Xiao-min LI, Gui-xiang HE
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510117
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目的

探索中国老年人群认知衰弱症状间的动态双向关联,识别认知衰弱网络中的核心症状。

方法

以中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2011—2018年基线和二次随访数据中的老年人为研究对象,使用交叉滞后网络分析研究认知功能与身体衰弱的纵向网络结构。

结果

共纳入2 377名老年人。T1→T2阶段网络包含63条非零预测效应(57.27%),最强预测来自工具性日常生活自理能力对一般能力(β=-0.47)和注意计算能力(β=-0.39)的负向影响;T2→T3阶段非零效应增至71条(64.55%),并出现工具性日常生活自理能力→健康状况评价→语言理解与自我协调→工具性日常生活自理能力的反馈回路。中心性分析显示,T1→T2阶段语言理解与自我协调能力具有最强外向影响力(预期外影响=0.98),T2→T3阶段基础性日常生活自理能力成为最强输出节点(预期外影响=1.35),躯体功能在两个阶段均表现为最易受其他节点影响的内向核心(预期内影响=1.43、0.86)。

结论

优先改善基础性日常生活能力与语言理解能力,实施早期综合干预,并加强躯体功能与慢性病的动态监测与管理,以延缓功能衰退进程,促进健康老龄化。

中国  /  老年人  /  认知衰弱  /  交叉滞后网络分析  /  纵向研究
Objective

To explore dynamic bidirectional associations among cognitive frailty symptoms in Chinese older adults and identify core symptoms within the cognitive frailty network.

Methods

Older adults from the baseline and two follow-up waves (2011—2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. The longitudinal network structure of cognitive function and physical frailty was analyzed using cross-lagged panel network analysis.

Results

A total of 2 377 older adults were included. The T1→T2 network contained 63 non-zero predictive effects (57.27%), with the strongest prediction being the negative impact of instrumental activities of daily living on general ability (β=-0.47) and attention-based calculation ability (β=-0.39). The T2→T3 phase showed an increase to 71 non-zero effects (64.55%), revealing a feedback loop: instrumental activities of daily living→health status evaluation→verbal comprehension and self-coordination→instrumental activities of daily living. The centrality analysis showed that the language comprehension and self-coordination ability in the T1-T2 stage had the strongest outward influence (out-EI=0.98), and the basic activities of daily living in the T2-T3 stage became the strongest output node (out-EI=1.35). Physical function manifested as the introverted core (in-EI=1.43, 0.86) that was most susceptible to other nodes in both stages.

Conclusion

Priority should be given to improving basic activities of daily living and language comprehension abilities, implementing early comprehensive intervention, and strengthening the dynamic monitoring and management of physical functions and chronic diseases to delay the process of functional decline and promote healthy aging.

China  /  Older adults  /  Cognitive frailty  /  Cross-lagged panel network analysis  /  Longitudinal study
李晓敏, 何桂香. 中国老年人认知功能与身体衰弱的交叉滞后网络分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1304 -1310 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510117
Xiao-min LI, Gui-xiang HE. Cross-lagged panel network analysis of cognitive function and physical frailty in Chinese older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1304 -1310 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510117
随着老龄化持续发展,我国健康预期寿命与预期寿命呈不平衡增长趋势,非健康寿命年逐渐延长[1],老年健康问题形势较为严峻。改善老年人健康水平,提高生命质量,助推健康老龄化成为当前研究重点。
认知衰弱(cognitive frailty)表示随年龄增长非痴呆人群认知障碍和身体衰弱共存的状况[2]。现有研究指出认知障碍与身体衰弱两者存在相关性,且相互影响易形成恶性循环[3]。同时认知衰弱的老年人比仅身体衰弱或认知障碍的老年人具有更高的死亡、住院等不良健康后果的风险[4-5]。因此加强对老年人认知衰弱的健康防控改善老年人健康、提高生命质量具有重要现实意义。
既往对于认知衰弱的研究多为单向模型的横断面研究[6-8],横断面研究的静态性导致无法捕捉症状间相互作用的动态演变,难以识别变化的关键时间点。且既往多将认知衰弱概念化为一个整体,忽略了特定症状间潜在的复杂相互作用[9-10]。因此为了弥补这些不足,本研究将时间动力学和交叉滞后网络分析模型(cross-lagged panel network analysis,CLPN)相结合,以中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS)2011—2018年基线和二次随访数据中的老年人为研究对象,探究认知功能与身体衰弱症状间的动态双向关联,计算核心症状的中心性和桥梁指标,识别可能预测认知衰弱的关键因素,助推健康老龄化,为后续精准干预提供参考。
本研究数据采用CLHLS中2011—2018年数据,本研究向CLHLS项目组申请获得数据使用授权,并经北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(IRB00001052-13074),且所有参与者或其法定代表人均签署了书面知情同意书。本研究根据研究目的纳入完成三次调查、年龄大于等于60岁且认知衰弱信息完整样本2 377人。本研究将CLHLS 2011年调查定义为基线(T1),2014年调查定义为第一次随访(T2),2018年调查定义为第二次随访(T3)。具体筛选流程见图1。
认知功能测量量表采用改编后的简易智力状态检查量表,此量表包含五个维度:一般能力(C1)、反应能力(C2)、注意及计算能力(C3)、回忆(C4)、语言理解与自我协调(C5),总分值为30分,其中文盲≤25,非文盲≤27则被判定为认知障碍[11]。
身体衰弱状况的测量采用卿利园[12]于2023年构建的衰弱指数,该衰弱指数共包含基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)、工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)、慢性病患病情况(F3)、视听障碍(F4)、躯体功能(F5)、健康状况评价(F6)6个维度。身体衰弱分值在0~1之间,分数越低身体衰弱程度越轻。
参考Ruan等[13]学者意见,根据认知功能和身体衰弱状况分为五类:完全健康、认知正常-身体衰弱前、认知正常-身体衰弱、认知障碍-身体健康、认知衰弱。
本研究基于健康社会决定因素理论与生命历程流行病学框架选择混杂因素。最终控制了年龄、性别、居住类别、教育水平、婚姻状况为混杂因素。年龄与性别作为基础分层变量被纳入,教育水平是认知储备与社会经济地位的关键代理变量,居住类别与婚姻状况反映了环境与社会支持的结构性差异。所有变量均在基线时测量,在统计分析中,所有混杂因素均作为协变量纳入交叉滞后面板网络模型,模型所估计的路径系数即为控制这些混杂后的条件关联。
本研究统计方法包括描述性统计分析和网络分析两个部分,分别采用SPSS 26.0、R 4.2.2进行数据统计与分析。
通过R包glmnet和qgraph进行正则化回归估计和网络绘制[14],分别构建T1(2011)时间到T2(2014)时间、T2时间到T3(2018)时间的交叉滞后网络。使用Average Layout函数将各节点定位在两个网络中对应节点的平均位置处。在网络图中,症状以节点表示,箭头方向指示影响关系,线条粗细反映关联强度,绿色为正向预测,红色为负向预测。
通过估算预期影响力(expected influence,EI)确定最为前瞻的预测性和被预测性的核心症状,并通过计算预期外影响(out-expected influence,out-EI)和预期内影响(in-expected influence,in-EI)来解析关系的方向性。
通过非参数自助法计算边权值的95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)评估边权值的准确性,采用自助法对不同节点对之间的边权值进行差异性检验,使用个案下降自举法来计算网络中每个节点的中心性稳定性(centrality stability,CS)系数检验节点中心性估计的稳定性,CS系数>0.25表示节点中心性稳定性可接受[15]。
本研究共纳入老年人样本2 377名,其中男性1 220名(51.3%),女性1 157名(48.7%),年龄为(76.72±7.95)岁。见表1。
通过交叉滞后网络估计出T1→T2(2011→2014)的认知衰弱网络如图2A所示,共包含110条预测效应,其中63条(57.27%)为非零预测效应(β≠0)。网络中最强的三条预测效应分别为F2-C1(β=-0.47)、F2-C3(β=-0.39)、F1-C3(β=-0.29),此阶段网络中输出最多预测效应的节点是工具性日常生活自理能力(F2),它预测的节点包括一般能力(C1)(β=-0.47)、注意及计算能力(C3)(β=-0.39)等;同时在网络中两个节点间联系被一些节点所介导,例如视听障碍(F4)可以通过语言理解与自我协调(C5)(β=-0.17)间接影响一般能力(C1)(β=0.16)。
T2→T3(2014→2018)的认知衰弱网络如图2B所示,共包含110条预测效应,其中71条(64.55%)为非零预测效应(β≠0)。此阶段网络中输出最多、最强预测效应的节点是工具性日常生活自理能力(F2),它预测的节点包括一般能力(C1)(β=-0.30)、注意及计算能力(C3)(β=-0.33)、语言理解与自我协调(C5)(β=-0.25)等。在T2→T3时期在出现节点间的中介效应的同时,还出现了节点间的循环反馈,如工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)→健康状况评价(F6)(β=0.11)→语言理解与自我协调(C5)(β=0.08)→工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)(β=0.04)的循环。
T1→T2、T2→T3两个时期的各节点的中心性随时间变化,见图3。
在T1→T2阶段,3个out-EI最强的节点分别是语言理解与自我协调(C5)(out-EI=0.98)、基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)(out-EI=0.96)、反应能力(C2)(out-EI=0.72),表明其预测其他节点的能力较强。in-EI最强的3个节点分别是躯体功能(F5)(in-EI=1.43)、健康状况评价(F6)(in-EI=0.76)、工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)(in-EI=0.71),表明这三个节点被其他节点预测能力较强。一般能力(C1)(in-EI=-1.79)节点in-EI最弱,表明其在T1→T2阶段几乎不能被其他症状预测。
在T2→T3阶段,3个out-EI最强的节点分别是基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)(out-EI=1.35)、慢性病患病情况(F3)(out-EI=1.03)、健康状况评价(F6)(out-EI=0.61),表明其预测其他节点的能力较强。in-EI最强的3个节点分别是躯体功能(F5)(in-EI=0.86)、健康状况评价(F6)(in-EI=0.70)、基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)(in-EI=0.49),提示其较容易被其他节点预测。注意力及计算能力(C3)(in-EI=-2.39)节点in-EI最弱,表明其在T2→T3阶段几乎不能被其他症状预测。
通过自助法评估得到的各边缘权重值,其自举95%CI相对较窄,表明在两个交叉滞后网络中,边缘权重的估计值具有较好的精确性,见图4。自举子集程序分析显示,在T1→T2网络中,out-EI与in-EI的CS系数分别为0.361和0.283;在T2→T3网络中,二者分别为0.206和0.361,反映出in-EI较为稳定,out-EI在推广时因其稳定性相较弱因此需更为审慎,见图5。此外在中心性差异性检验结果中,黑色方块表示对应节点在强度上的差异具有统计学意义,说明节点强度在整个网络中表现出较好的稳定性,见图6。
既往关于认知衰弱的研究多为横断面研究,大多将认知衰弱概念化为一个整体,忽略了特定症状间潜在的复杂相互作用[9-10]。或从宏观层面探究其方向,无法识别微观层面的关键节点及症状间相互作用的动态演变。因此本研究采用2011—2018年的纵向数据构建CLPN模型,在控制年龄、性别、教育等社会人口学混杂因素后,从微观症状层面刻画了认知衰弱网络随时间的演变,识别了不同阶段的关键驱动节点与潜在干预靶点,为未来认知衰弱的改善提供重要线索。
在这项以老年人为基础的队列研究中,T1、T2和T3三个时期老年人认知衰弱的患病率分别为9.4%、12.5%、20.7%,其中T1、T2和T3三个时期老年人认知障碍的患病率分别为14.8%,20.8%、27.6%,身体衰弱的患病率分别为9.7%、12.5%、24.2%。即随着年龄的增长老年人认知障碍和身体衰弱并行发展并不断恶化,也进一步证实了年龄和认知衰弱的相关性[16]。同时认知衰弱具有可逆性,因此认知衰弱的早期干预也成为提高老年人健康寿命年的关键靶点。
在两个时间段的认知衰弱网络中,T1→T2阶段与T2→T3阶段均包含110条预测效应,其中非零预测效应的比例由57.27%上升至64.55%,且后者出现了F2→F6→C5→F2的循环反馈回路。两个阶段的认知衰弱网络均呈现较高的连接密度,证实了认知与衰弱系统内部存在广泛且紧密的相互作用,而非独立演变,与Kai C等人[17]的研究结果所一致。而网络连接密度的整体增加,表明认知与衰弱各维度间的相互作用随年龄增长日趋紧密与复杂,这一变化可能与队列老龄化进程相关,本研究样本基线平均年龄为76.7岁,至T3时已增长约7岁,正处于功能加速衰退的高龄阶段,健康赤字累积加快,网络结构因而从单向预测逐步演变为相互强化的反馈循环,反映了认知衰弱动态演进中的阶段性特征。值得注意的是,工具性日常生活能力(F2)在两个阶段均表现为强预测节点,该结果与Kim等[18]基于韩国老年人群的研究(β=-0.41)相一致,提示其在跨文化背景下均可作为认知衰退的早期普适性信号。
T1→T2阶段,out-EI最高的节点分别为语言理解(C5)与自我协调、基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)与反应能力(C2)。其中语言理解与自我协调(C5)为最高节点,提示认知维度的语言与自我协调下降可显著预测后续多系统衰退,该发现与既往语言执行功能下降是轻度认知障碍信号的研究一致[19]。而至T2→T3阶段,基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)、慢性病患病情况(F3)及健康状况评价(F6)跃居out-EI前三,基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)也跃升为最强输出节点,认知域节点排位显著后移,表明随着随访时间延长,身体功能相关变量的累积性损伤逐渐凸显,其对认知及整体健康的效应已超过认知域本身,同时也提示随着衰老进程,基础生活能力的下降可能直接加剧认知功能衰退,这支持了身体衰弱先行的假说,并强调早期干预日常生活能力对延缓认知衰弱的重要性[20]。同时慢性病患病情况(F3)的out-EI排名由第四升至第二,可能得益于2014—2018年间,中国逐步推行家庭医生签约服务政策,政策不仅改变了慢性病的管理环境,还可能通过提升管理的规范性与可及性,间接放大了慢性病在认知衰弱动态网络中的预测权重和枢纽作用,致使其out-EI排名上升,但其持续高位的中心性体现出其高且稳定的输出影响,也提示支持慢性病管理-认知衰弱保护一体化干预的必要性[21]。
T1→T2阶段,in-EI最高的节点分别为躯体功能(F5)、健康状况评价(F6)、工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)。而至T2→T3阶段,in-EI最高的节点分别为躯体功能(F5)、健康状况评价(F6)、基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)。其中躯体功能(F5)在两个时期均呈现最高的in-EI,表明该症状最易受网络内其他变量冲击,是网络中的脆弱枢纽,为针对性的干预提供了明确靶点,提示通过抗阻训练、营养补充等提升躯体功能,可在上游阻断多条负向路径的传递,进而延缓认知衰弱进程[22]。值得注意的是,基础性日常生活自理能力(F1)到T2→T3阶段升至第三位,说明随着进程推进,该节点不仅作为关键驱动力,其自身也越来越多地受到网络中其他节点的影响,凸显其驱动与脆弱的双重属性。此外,工具性日常生活自理能力(F2)在T2→T3阶段的in-EI排名下降,可能反映其功能衰退在更早阶段(T1→T2)已趋于饱和,即一旦工具性能力出现明显下降,后续网络内其他因素对其进一步冲击的空间缩小,这也提示,工具性日常生活自理能力的早期筛查与干预窗口更为狭窄,若错过最佳干预期,其衰退轨迹将趋于不可逆。另一方面,一般能力(C1)与注意力及计算能力(C3)分别在两个阶段表现出极低的in-EI,显示其相对独立,可能提示该认知域衰退一旦启动即难以通过改善其他症状而逆转,强调早期针对性认知训练的重要性。
研究局限性:(1)文化适用性:CLHLS样本以中国大陆汉族老年人为主,结论外推至多民族或高文化程度群体时需谨慎。未来的研究应该在多元的文化环境中进行,以增强研究结果的外部效度。(2)测量局限:简易精神状态检查表对轻度认知减退敏感性不足,可能低估认知变化,未来应采用灵敏度更高的认知测量工具。(3)时间跨度:八年三波数据仍不足以捕捉认知衰弱数十年自然史,未来需更长随访验证网络结构的长期稳定性。
本研究基于CLHLS三波纵向数据,采用CLPN刻画了中国老年人认知功能与身体衰弱各症状间的动态关联。结果表明,认知衰弱系统内部存在随时间增强的复杂相互作用,主要驱动从认知维度的语言理解与自我协调逐渐转向以身体功能为核心的基础性日常生活自理能力,躯体功能则始终作为网络中最易受其他症状影响的脆弱节点。此外,随着时间推移,网络中出现了反馈循环路径,提示认知与衰弱症状可能形成自我强化的恶性循环。因此,在未来的干预中应重视早期识别与改善基础性日常生活能力及语言理解能力,并针对躯体功能这一脆弱枢纽设计综合干预措施。同时,需将慢性病管理与认知衰弱防控相结合,开展多症状协同干预,并建立定期动态监测体系,以及时阻断症状间的连锁反应,延缓老年人群功能衰退,提升生命质量,为推进健康老龄化提供实证依据。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510117
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
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新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学
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    新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017

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何桂香,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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