Article(id=1324077462707110189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510184, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760371200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614267279, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614267279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614267279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614267279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1207, endPage=1212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077464602935598, articleId=1324077462707110189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Place of death and influencing factors among individuals with cardiovascular diseases in Hainan Province, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the distribution characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths among permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2024, and to explore the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related factors, regional factors, etc. and the place of death of CVD patients.

Methods

Using Hainan Province's cause-of-death data from the National Mortality Surveillance System, we described the distribution of CVD death places, and used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to analyze the influencing factors of CVD deaths at home.

Results

From 2018 to 2024, a total of 136 378 CVD deaths were collected, with 86.73% occurring at home and 9.38% occurring in medical and healthcare institutions. After adjusting for other factors, the analysis revealed that females (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11) were more likely to die at home than males; the likelihood of dying at home grew gradually with age; compared to the Han ethnicity, the Li ethnicity (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.53-1.76) was more likely to die at home; compared to married individuals, widowed individuals (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.38-1.54) were more likely to die at home than unmarried (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.45-0.53) and divorced individuals (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.44-0.59); the higher the educational level, the lower the likelihood of dying at home; compared to workers, farmers (OR=2.79, 95% CI: 2.56-3.04) were more likely to die at home than individuals in other occupations; compared to rheumatic heart disease, hypertension and its complications (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51) were more likely to die at home than other CVD subtypes; compared to the Eastern region, the Central region (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.63-0.70) and the Western region (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) were less likely to die at home.

Conclusion

The place of death for CVD among permanent residents in Hainan Province is mainly at home, and patients who are female, elderly, Li ethnicity, widowed, with low educational level, farmers, hypertension and its complications, and patients in the eastern region are more likely to die at home. Therefore, the specific conditions of CVD patients with different characteristics should be considered comprehensively to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources and improve clinical intervention and treatment capacity; meanwhile, a care model combining clinical care and community/home should be established to improve the quality of end-of-life care.

, authors=Sai-ku CHEN, Ying LIU, Tao-tao XUE, Xing-ren WANG, Bing-yan TANG, Qi-de LI, Ding-wei SUN, Yang CHENG, Bin HE, authorsList=Sai-ku CHEN, Ying LIU, Tao-tao XUE, Xing-ren WANG, Bing-yan TANG, Qi-de LI, Ding-wei SUN, Yang CHENG, Bin HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077465257247025, articleId=1324077462707110189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=海南省心血管疾病患者死亡地点分布及其影响因素分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解2018—2024年海南省常住居民心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)死亡地点分布特征,探索社会人口学特征、疾病相关因素、地区因素等与CVD患者死亡地点之间的关系。

方法

利用全国人口死亡信息登记管理系统中海南省死因数据,描述CVD死亡地点分布情况,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析家中CVD死亡的影响因素。

结果

2018—2024年,共收集CVD死亡个案136 378例,其中86.73%的个案在家中死亡,9.38%的个案在医疗卫生机构死亡。通过调整其他因素后分析发现:与男性相比,女性(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.11)更易于死在家中;随着年龄的增长,死在家中的可能性逐渐升高;与汉族相比,黎族(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.53~1.76)更易于死在家中;与已婚者相比,丧偶者(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.38~1.54)更可能在家中死亡,而未婚者(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.45~0.53)和离婚者(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.44~0.59)在家中死亡的可能性较低;文化程度越高,死在家中的可能性越低;与工人相比,农民(OR=2.79,95%CI:2.56~3.04)在家中死亡的可能性高于其他职业;与风湿性心脏病相比,高血压及并发症(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.10~1.51)在家中死亡的可能性高于其余CVD亚型;与东部地区相比,中部地区(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.63~0.70)和西部地区(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.82~0.89)死在家中的可能性降低。

结论

海南省常住居民CVD死亡地点以家中为主,女性、高龄、黎族、丧偶、文化程度低、农民、高血压及并发症和东部地区患者在家中死亡的可能性更大。因此,应综合考虑不同特征CVD患者的具体情况,优化医疗卫生资源配置,提高临床干预和救治能力;同时建立临床护理与社区/家庭相结合的照护模式,以改善临终护理质量。

, authors=陈赛苦, 刘莹, 薛涛涛, 王兴任, 汤宾燕, 黎启德, 孙定炜, 程洋, 何滨, authorsList=陈赛苦, 刘莹, 薛涛涛, 王兴任, 汤宾燕, 黎启德, 孙定炜, 程洋, 何滨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何滨, authorNote=

陈赛苦(1989—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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何滨,E-mail:
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Death in the hospital versus death at home — a sociological discussion on the place of death of Chinese citizens[J]. Thinking, 2016, 42(2): 14-18. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Death in the hospital versus death at home — a sociological discussion on the place of death of Chinese citizens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077474652488071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Weng L, Hu YZ, Sun ZJ, journalName=The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weng L, Hu YZ, Sun ZJ, et al. Place of death and phenomenon of going home to die in Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study[J]. 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BMJ Open, 2025, 15(5): e096435., articleTitle=Palliative care burden and specialist service utilisation for individuals with cardiovascular disease in Australia: a National population-based observational study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077475021586827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=金爽, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金爽. 中国安宁缓和医疗研究现状及老年人离世地点偏好的研究[D]. 北京: 中国医学科学院, 2022., articleTitle=中国安宁缓和医疗研究现状及老年人离世地点偏好的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324077475118055820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Jin S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin S. The current state of palliative care-related research in China and a study of the preferred place of death among older adults[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2022. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The current state of palliative care-related research in China and a study of the preferred place of death among older adults, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077465492128050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077465500516659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, companyId=1324077465492128050, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou, Hainan 571129, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077465508905268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, companyId=1324077465492128050, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077470118445416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing CVD deaths at home in Hainan Province, 2018—2024, figureFileSmall=jKaO+lSOEySZzvtik80XrQ==, figureFileBig=qQ+MzMisiHK+C9B1P3OMXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077470189748585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2018—2024年海南省居民CVD在家中死亡影响因素logistic回归分析, figureFileSmall=jKaO+lSOEySZzvtik80XrQ==, figureFileBig=qQ+MzMisiHK+C9B1P3OMXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077470416241002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of CVD death location distribution for Hainan Province residents, 2018—2024 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量医疗卫生机构非医疗卫生机构
家中养老服务机构来院途中其他场所
性别
男性8 387(10.98)64 183(84.03)533(0.70)738(0.97)2 543(3.33)
女性4 401(7.34)54 100(90.18)397(0.66)310(0.52)786(1.31)
年龄组(岁)
0~1499(47.60)69(33.17)0(0.00)13(6.25)27(12.98)
15~44840(20.20)2 670(64.20)0(0.00)114(2.74)535(12.86)
45~643 254(16.90)14 444(75.02)60(0.31)315(1.64)1 181(6.13)
65~846 106(9.39)56 775(87.31)521(0.8)448(0.69)1 178(1.81)
≥852 489(5.21)44 325(92.87)349(0.73)158(0.33)408(0.85)
民族
汉族11 987(9.97)103 484(86.07)906(0.75)885(0.74)2 970(2.47)
黎族624(4.20)13 800(92.90)19(0.13)147(0.99)265(1.78)
其他177(13.71)999(77.38)5(0.39)16(1.24)94(7.28)
婚姻状况
未婚903(18.13)3 552(71.31)143(2.87)60(1.20)323(6.48)
已婚10 116(10.13)85 903(86.01)490(0.49)853(0.85)2 518(2.52)
离婚275(26.39)655(62.86)23(2.21)6(0.58)83(7.97)
丧偶1 318(4.53)27 195(93.54)262(0.90)123(0.42)175(0.60)
未说明176(12.55)978(69.76)12(0.86)6(0.43)230(16.41)
文化程度
初中及以下9 334(7.66)108 420(88.93)676(0.55)874(0.72)2 612(2.14)
高中2 058(20.28)7 378(72.70)162(1.60)125(1.23)425(4.19)
大专及以上1 396(32.36)2 485(57.60)92(2.13)49(1.14)292(6.77)
职业
领导干部和办事人员505(25.88)1 211(62.07)31(1.59)38(1.95)166(8.51)
工人519(12.94)3 192(79.58)45(1.12)64(1.60)191(4.76)
专业技术人员168(26.62)391(61.97)13(2.06)10(1.58)49(7.77)
农民2 973(3.67)76 157(94.04)210(0.26)425(0.52)1 221(1.51)
自雇人员492(21.77)1 545(68.36)16(0.71)41(1.81)166(7.35)
退休人员5 529(18.43)23 253(77.49)439(1.46)312(1.04)474(1.58)
未就业682(13.82)3 995(80.94)56(1.13)61(1.24)142(2.88)
其他1 920(16.56)8 539(73.64)120(1.03)97(0.84)920(7.93)
心血管疾病
风湿性心脏病197(9.47)1 853(89.04)3(0.14)11(0.53)17(0.82)
高血压及并发症698(5.16)12 348(91.3)105(0.78)56(0.41)317(2.34)
缺血性心脏病4 501(10.73)35 735(85.2)185(0.44)398(0.95)1 124(2.68)
脑血管病4 897(8.01)54 410(89.03)467(0.76)379(0.62)964(1.58)
炎性心脏病199(24.66)590(73.11)2(0.25)4(0.50)12(1.49)
其他心血管疾病2 296(13.58)13 347(78.95)168(0.99)200(1.18)895(5.29)
地区
东部6 982(9.55)63 500(86.84)788(1.08)381(0.52)1 468(2.01)
中部2 295(11.73)16 412(83.86)83(0.42)244(1.25)536(2.74)
西部3 511(8.04)38 371(87.83)59(0.14)423(0.97)1 325(3.03)
总计12 788(9.38)118 283(86.73)930(0.68)1 048(0.77)3 329(2.44)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077470508515691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077462707110189, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2018—2024年海南省居民CVD死亡地点分布特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量医疗卫生机构非医疗卫生机构
家中养老服务机构来院途中其他场所
性别
男性8 387(10.98)64 183(84.03)533(0.70)738(0.97)2 543(3.33)
女性4 401(7.34)54 100(90.18)397(0.66)310(0.52)786(1.31)
年龄组(岁)
0~1499(47.60)69(33.17)0(0.00)13(6.25)27(12.98)
15~44840(20.20)2 670(64.20)0(0.00)114(2.74)535(12.86)
45~643 254(16.90)14 444(75.02)60(0.31)315(1.64)1 181(6.13)
65~846 106(9.39)56 775(87.31)521(0.8)448(0.69)1 178(1.81)
≥852 489(5.21)44 325(92.87)349(0.73)158(0.33)408(0.85)
民族
汉族11 987(9.97)103 484(86.07)906(0.75)885(0.74)2 970(2.47)
黎族624(4.20)13 800(92.90)19(0.13)147(0.99)265(1.78)
其他177(13.71)999(77.38)5(0.39)16(1.24)94(7.28)
婚姻状况
未婚903(18.13)3 552(71.31)143(2.87)60(1.20)323(6.48)
已婚10 116(10.13)85 903(86.01)490(0.49)853(0.85)2 518(2.52)
离婚275(26.39)655(62.86)23(2.21)6(0.58)83(7.97)
丧偶1 318(4.53)27 195(93.54)262(0.90)123(0.42)175(0.60)
未说明176(12.55)978(69.76)12(0.86)6(0.43)230(16.41)
文化程度
初中及以下9 334(7.66)108 420(88.93)676(0.55)874(0.72)2 612(2.14)
高中2 058(20.28)7 378(72.70)162(1.60)125(1.23)425(4.19)
大专及以上1 396(32.36)2 485(57.60)92(2.13)49(1.14)292(6.77)
职业
领导干部和办事人员505(25.88)1 211(62.07)31(1.59)38(1.95)166(8.51)
工人519(12.94)3 192(79.58)45(1.12)64(1.60)191(4.76)
专业技术人员168(26.62)391(61.97)13(2.06)10(1.58)49(7.77)
农民2 973(3.67)76 157(94.04)210(0.26)425(0.52)1 221(1.51)
自雇人员492(21.77)1 545(68.36)16(0.71)41(1.81)166(7.35)
退休人员5 529(18.43)23 253(77.49)439(1.46)312(1.04)474(1.58)
未就业682(13.82)3 995(80.94)56(1.13)61(1.24)142(2.88)
其他1 920(16.56)8 539(73.64)120(1.03)97(0.84)920(7.93)
心血管疾病
风湿性心脏病197(9.47)1 853(89.04)3(0.14)11(0.53)17(0.82)
高血压及并发症698(5.16)12 348(91.3)105(0.78)56(0.41)317(2.34)
缺血性心脏病4 501(10.73)35 735(85.2)185(0.44)398(0.95)1 124(2.68)
脑血管病4 897(8.01)54 410(89.03)467(0.76)379(0.62)964(1.58)
炎性心脏病199(24.66)590(73.11)2(0.25)4(0.50)12(1.49)
其他心血管疾病2 296(13.58)13 347(78.95)168(0.99)200(1.18)895(5.29)
地区
东部6 982(9.55)63 500(86.84)788(1.08)381(0.52)1 468(2.01)
中部2 295(11.73)16 412(83.86)83(0.42)244(1.25)536(2.74)
西部3 511(8.04)38 371(87.83)59(0.14)423(0.97)1 325(3.03)
总计12 788(9.38)118 283(86.73)930(0.68)1 048(0.77)3 329(2.44)
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海南省心血管疾病患者死亡地点分布及其影响因素分析
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陈赛苦 , 刘莹 , 薛涛涛 , 王兴任 , 汤宾燕 , 黎启德 , 孙定炜 , 程洋 , 何滨
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(7): 1207-1212
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (7) : 1207 -1212
海南省心血管疾病患者死亡地点分布及其影响因素分析
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陈赛苦, 刘莹, 薛涛涛, 王兴任, 汤宾燕, 黎启德, 孙定炜, 程洋, 何滨
作者信息
  • 海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129
通讯作者:
何滨,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈赛苦(1989—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

Place of death and influencing factors among individuals with cardiovascular diseases in Hainan Province
Sai-ku CHEN, Ying LIU, Tao-tao XUE, Xing-ren WANG, Bing-yan TANG, Qi-de LI, Ding-wei SUN, Yang CHENG, Bin HE
Affiliations
  • Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou, Hainan 571129, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510184
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目的

了解2018—2024年海南省常住居民心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)死亡地点分布特征,探索社会人口学特征、疾病相关因素、地区因素等与CVD患者死亡地点之间的关系。

方法

利用全国人口死亡信息登记管理系统中海南省死因数据,描述CVD死亡地点分布情况,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析家中CVD死亡的影响因素。

结果

2018—2024年,共收集CVD死亡个案136 378例,其中86.73%的个案在家中死亡,9.38%的个案在医疗卫生机构死亡。通过调整其他因素后分析发现:与男性相比,女性(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.11)更易于死在家中;随着年龄的增长,死在家中的可能性逐渐升高;与汉族相比,黎族(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.53~1.76)更易于死在家中;与已婚者相比,丧偶者(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.38~1.54)更可能在家中死亡,而未婚者(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.45~0.53)和离婚者(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.44~0.59)在家中死亡的可能性较低;文化程度越高,死在家中的可能性越低;与工人相比,农民(OR=2.79,95%CI:2.56~3.04)在家中死亡的可能性高于其他职业;与风湿性心脏病相比,高血压及并发症(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.10~1.51)在家中死亡的可能性高于其余CVD亚型;与东部地区相比,中部地区(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.63~0.70)和西部地区(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.82~0.89)死在家中的可能性降低。

结论

海南省常住居民CVD死亡地点以家中为主,女性、高龄、黎族、丧偶、文化程度低、农民、高血压及并发症和东部地区患者在家中死亡的可能性更大。因此,应综合考虑不同特征CVD患者的具体情况,优化医疗卫生资源配置,提高临床干预和救治能力;同时建立临床护理与社区/家庭相结合的照护模式,以改善临终护理质量。

心血管疾病  /  死亡地点  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the distribution characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths among permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2024, and to explore the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related factors, regional factors, etc. and the place of death of CVD patients.

Methods

Using Hainan Province's cause-of-death data from the National Mortality Surveillance System, we described the distribution of CVD death places, and used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to analyze the influencing factors of CVD deaths at home.

Results

From 2018 to 2024, a total of 136 378 CVD deaths were collected, with 86.73% occurring at home and 9.38% occurring in medical and healthcare institutions. After adjusting for other factors, the analysis revealed that females (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11) were more likely to die at home than males; the likelihood of dying at home grew gradually with age; compared to the Han ethnicity, the Li ethnicity (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.53-1.76) was more likely to die at home; compared to married individuals, widowed individuals (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.38-1.54) were more likely to die at home than unmarried (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.45-0.53) and divorced individuals (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.44-0.59); the higher the educational level, the lower the likelihood of dying at home; compared to workers, farmers (OR=2.79, 95% CI: 2.56-3.04) were more likely to die at home than individuals in other occupations; compared to rheumatic heart disease, hypertension and its complications (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51) were more likely to die at home than other CVD subtypes; compared to the Eastern region, the Central region (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.63-0.70) and the Western region (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) were less likely to die at home.

Conclusion

The place of death for CVD among permanent residents in Hainan Province is mainly at home, and patients who are female, elderly, Li ethnicity, widowed, with low educational level, farmers, hypertension and its complications, and patients in the eastern region are more likely to die at home. Therefore, the specific conditions of CVD patients with different characteristics should be considered comprehensively to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources and improve clinical intervention and treatment capacity; meanwhile, a care model combining clinical care and community/home should be established to improve the quality of end-of-life care.

Cardiovascular disease  /  Place of death  /  Influencing factors
陈赛苦, 刘莹, 薛涛涛, 王兴任, 汤宾燕, 黎启德, 孙定炜, 程洋, 何滨. 海南省心血管疾病患者死亡地点分布及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1207 -1212 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510184
Sai-ku CHEN, Ying LIU, Tao-tao XUE, Xing-ren WANG, Bing-yan TANG, Qi-de LI, Ding-wei SUN, Yang CHENG, Bin HE. Place of death and influencing factors among individuals with cardiovascular diseases in Hainan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1207 -1212 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510184
近年来,由于人口老龄化加速和心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)危险因素流行,我国CVD死亡率呈上升趋势,是我国居民首位死因[1-2]。海南省作为我国最南端的省份,2022年CVD粗死亡率达282.96/10万,占总死亡人数的48.50%[3]。CVD导致的疾病负担日益严重,已成为威胁我国居民健康的重大公共卫生问题之一。
全球范围内,死亡地点一直被视为衡量临终关怀服务质量和医疗保健服务成果的重要指标[4]。常见的死亡地点有医疗卫生机构、家中、养老服务机构、来院途中等。既往研究显示,我国CVD患者死亡地点构成中,家中死亡比例高达77.13%[4]。对于急性发作、救治窗口短暂的CVD亚型,患者死于家中,不仅意味着个体层面关键救治时机的丧失,也在系统层面映射出院前急救体系、医疗服务可及性和社区健康管理网络中的薄弱环节。然而,海南省目前对CVD死亡地点及其相关影响因素的分析有限,因此,本研究利用全国人口死亡信息登记管理系统中2018 —2024年海南省CVD死亡监测数据,重点分析“家中死亡”分布特征及其相关影响因素,为确定其重点防治工作和制定合理的卫生保健政策提供参考依据。
本研究中,CVD死亡监测数据来源于全国人口死亡信息登记管理系统,监测范围覆盖海南省18个市县,2018—2024年累积监测人口数为6 902.26万人。依据《人口死因监测工作指导手册》规范要求,对收集到的CVD死亡数据进行清洗后形成最终的数据库。
根据《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类(第10次修订本)》(ICD-10)分类标准,CVD编码范围为I00-I99,主要分类包括风湿性心脏病(I01-I09)、高血压及并发症(I10-I13)、缺血性心脏病(I20-I25)、脑血管病(I60-I69)、炎性心脏病(I30-I33,I38,I40,I42)、其他心血管疾病(I00-I99中除以上编码之外的所有编码)。
死亡地点分为医疗卫生机构、家中、养老服务机构、来院途中、其他场所;年龄分为0~14岁、15~44岁、45~64岁、65~84岁、≥85岁;民族分为汉族、黎族、其他;婚姻状况分为未婚、已婚、离婚、丧偶、未说明;文化程度分为初中及以下、高中(高中,技校和中专)、大专及以上;职业分为领导干部和办事人员、工人、专业技术人员、农民、自雇人员、退休人员、未就业、其他;地区分为东部(海口市、三亚市、文昌市、琼海市、万宁市、陵水县)、中部(五指山市、定安县、屯昌县、琼中县、白沙县、保亭县)、西部(儋州市、东方市、澄迈县、临高县、乐东县、昌江县)。
利用Excel 2025、SPSS 20.0和R 4.5.0软件对不同特征人群(性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、CVD亚型、地区)进行数据分析和可视化。以是否在家中死亡作为因变量,人群特征作为自变量,首先进行单因素logistic回归分析,为避免潜在有意义的自变量被剔除,采用较宽的检验水准(α=0.1)进行初筛;然后将筛选差异有统计学意义的自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,采用标准检验水准(α=0.05)验证其独立统计学意义。单因素和多因素分析均采用双侧检验。在构建多因素模型前对所有纳入的自变量进行方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor,VIF)检验,当所有自变量VIF值均小于5,则说明自变量间不存在严重的多重共线性问题,模型稳定性较好。
2018—2024年共有136 378例CVD死亡个案纳入分析,其中44.81%归因于脑血管病、30.75%归因于缺血性心脏病,两种疾病占全部死亡个案的75.56%。家中是最常见的死亡地点,占86.73%,其次是医疗卫生机构,占9.38%,养老服务机构、来院途中和其他场所占3.89%。CVD死亡地点在不同性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、CVD亚型和地区人群中的分布特征有所不同。见表1。
2018—2024年,各年份的CVD死亡地点均以家中死亡的比例最高,占比均在75%以上;随着年龄增长,家中死亡的比例也随之增加,85岁及以上男性、女性分别达到91.12%和94.08%;高血压及并发症患者死于家中的比例最高,男性、女性分别占89.15%和93.49%;炎性心脏病死于医疗卫生机构的比例最高,男性、女性分别占27.29%和20.80%;不同市县的死亡地点均以家中为主,其中家中死亡比例最高的3个市县依次为文昌市(94.16%)、定安县(94.07%)和万宁市(93.70%),医疗卫生机构死亡比例最高的3个市县依次为琼中县(19.04%)、五指山市(16.43%)和三亚市(15.60%)。
单因素分析发现,职业和CVD的哑变量中,除“未就业”“脑血管疾病”差异无统计学意义外(均P>0.1),其余单因素的哑变量差异均有统计学意义。根据哑变量同进同出原则,将所有哑变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型进行分析。多重共线性检验结果显示,所有自变量的VIF值均小于5,提示模型参数估计结果可靠。
多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整其他因素后,家中死亡的可能性与多项社会人口学及疾病性质特征有明显相关性。女性在家中死亡的可能性是男性的1.07倍;以45~64岁组为参照组,0~14岁组与15~44岁组在家中死亡的可能性分别降低至53%(OR=0.53)和71%(OR=0.71),而65~84岁组与≥85岁组则分别升高至2.14倍(OR=2.14)和3.41倍(OR=3.41);黎族患者在家中死亡的可能性是汉族的1.64倍(OR=1.64);与已婚者相比,丧偶者在家中死亡的可能性升高至1.46倍(OR=1.46),而未婚者与离婚者则分别降低至49%(OR=0.49)和51%(OR=0.51);文化程度越高,在家中死亡的可能性越低,高中、大专及以上患者在家中死亡的可能性分别是初中及以下患者的78%(OR=0.78)和47%(OR=0.47);与工人相比,农民在家中死亡的可能性升高至2.79倍(OR=2.79),而领导干部与办事人员、专业技术人员、自雇人员及退休人员则分别降低至70%(OR=0.70)、67%(OR=0.67)、88%(OR=0.88)和60%(OR=0.60);与风湿性心脏病相比,高血压及并发症患者在家中死亡的可能性升高至1.29倍(OR=1.29),缺血性心脏病患者与炎性心脏病患者则分别降低至81%(OR=0.81)和50%(OR=0.50);从地区来看,东部地区患者在家中死亡的可能性最高,西部与中部分别是东部的85%(OR=0.85)和66%(OR=0.66)。见图1。
本研究结果显示,2018—2024年,海南省CVD患者家中死亡占比86.73%(高于全国77.13%),医疗卫生机构死亡仅9.38%(低于全国18.49%)[4]。这可能与海南省的丧葬习俗有关,受薄养厚葬、入土为安、迷信风水等思想观念影响,土葬率超85%,且习俗规定只有居家离世者才能将灵柩停放于堂屋受祭拜直至下葬,在外离世者遗体不能运回家中且需在外举行葬礼仪式,这种“死后进不了家门”的传统观念促使更多人选择在家中离世[5-7]。与Cross SH等[8]研究相比,全国、海南省家中死亡比例远高于美国(25.8%),而医疗卫生机构死亡比例远低于美国(31.45%)。既往研究表明,过去百年的死亡地点在发达国家大致经历了三个阶段的演变过程,从20世纪初期的医疗资源匮乏期依次向20世纪中后期的医疗技术发展期、20世纪70年代后的临终关怀优化期转变,呈现出在家中死亡比例随着年代的推移先下降后再上升的态势,而在医院死亡比例则相反。当前,发达国家正在完善第三阶段的家庭临终关怀体系,而发展中国家仍处于向医院化转型的第二阶段[9]。这预示着,随着全国医疗的发展,死亡医学化趋势将更加明显,海南省将有更多人会选择在医院离世,而居家离世的比例将下降。
本研究中,CVD患者在家中死亡受性别、年龄、民族和婚姻状况等个体因素的影响。女性CVD患者在家中死亡的可能性更大,主要因为女性的症状(如心肌梗死常表现为疲劳、背痛、恶心等)往往不典型,易被误诊为焦虑或更年期综合征,造成诊断延迟和救治时间延误,增加了院前死亡的概率[10]。年龄越小的CVD患者在医疗卫生机构死亡的比例越高,主要归因于在中国文化和社会结构中,亲属对子女的健康具有高度敏感性,会优先动用家庭资源促成其及时就医;相反,因老年人群普遍有很强的“落叶归根”情结和“寿终正寝”观念,所以更倾向选择在家中离世[11-12]。与汉族相比,黎族CVD患者发生在家中死亡的可能性更大,主要与民族文化、个体就医行为偏好及医疗服务可及性等方面有关;有研究表明,受民族文化影响,黎族相信神灵庇佑、自然崇拜、动植物图腾崇拜等大自然和超自然力量,如生病时求助“道公”或“娘母”捉鬼、杀猪宰牛拜神祭鬼,或者求助民间草药医生等[13]。从婚姻状况来看,丧偶的CVD患者在家中死亡的可能性更大,主要原因可能是丧偶不仅会增加人群心血管疾病死亡风险,还会因社会支持网络的减弱而降低其获得住院治疗的可能性[10,14-15]。此外,丧偶后的独居状态可能因发病时无人及时发现、呼救或施救,延误抢救时机,从而增加在家死亡的风险。
教育程度和职业类型被视为社会分层的两个核心维度,较高的教育水平通常反映较稳定的职业地位,经济能力以及获取资源的能力往往较高[16]。本研究结果显示,CVD患者中的低文化程度群体和农民更可能在家中死亡,与Weng L等[17]研究结果一致,这些结果印证了社会分层越低的群体社会医疗保险支持力度越有限、经济负担能力越弱、可接受医疗服务可及性越差、对疾病的警惕性越可能不足等事实[17-18]。然而,国外有研究得出相反结论,社会经济地位较高的人群因具备优越的经济条件、稳定的家庭环境、更多的护理人员支持等资源,更倾向于选择居家临终照护[8,18];社会经济地位较低的人群因姑息治疗资源不足、家庭临终经济负担重及家庭支持缺乏等因素,其更可能在医院接受治疗和离世[19-20]。研究显示,居家安宁缓和医疗比住院治疗费用更低,且安宁病房兼具医疗与家庭功能,因此很多国家推行社区医疗以支持居家离世,如英国2004—2010年居家离世比例从18.3%升至20.8%[21]。基于国家政策支持,未来海南省可探索适合本省的安宁缓和医疗模式。此外,疾病性质也影响死亡地点的分布,病程迁延且病情不稳定的CVD亚型通常允许患者选择临终场所,而突发性致命CVD亚型患者则多因救治时间不足死于院外或转运途中[9]。因此,海南省需根据当地医疗救治水平,针对急、慢性CVD患者死亡地点分布的不同影响因素采取相应措施。
综上,海南省CVD患者最常见的死亡地点为家中,人口统计学特征和地区差异是主要的影响因素。因此,全省应在尊重地方风俗习惯的基础上,加强生死宣传教育,逐步引导居民转变观念,增加其对临终场所的选择并提高对多元医疗支持的接纳程度;同时,应重点加强基层医疗卫生体系建设和提升基层医疗卫生服务能力,通过建立兼顾社会因素与个人意愿、平衡急、慢性患者需求的“临床护理+社区/家庭”相结合的居家临终关怀模式或安宁缓和医疗模式,既满足患者居家离世意愿、提升临终生活质量,又能减轻家庭负担。除此之外,需针对CVD患者死亡地点分布特征和地区差异,优化临终资源区域配置,降低死亡质量地域的不平等性。本研究亦存在一定局限性,仅依赖于死因监测数据进行分析,缺乏临终地点意愿、卫生资源及家庭护理等情况调查资料,未能深入探讨家中死亡的原因。

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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510184
  • 接收时间:2025-10-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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    海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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