Article(id=1324070986865320791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612723317, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612723317, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612723317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612723317, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4564, endPage=4571, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324070987108590424, articleId=1324070986865320791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of Salmonella London, Chengdu City, 2019-2023, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of Salmonella London isolates from Chengdu between 2019 and 2023.

Methods

Salmonella isolates from clinical and food sources in Chengdu during 2019-2023 were serologically identified, resulting in 72 Salmonella London strains. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the microbroth dilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to analyze the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) genetic characteristics and the presence of resistance genes.

Results

The isolates showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (76.39%, 55/72), followed by tetracycline (72.22%, 52/72), ampicillin (68.06%, 49/72), and chloramphenicol (62.50%, 45/72). All isolates were sensitive to ertapenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline, meropenem, and amikacin. Among the 72 strains, 11 were sensitive to all 17 tested antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was observed in 70.83% (51/72) of the isolates, with the predominant resistance profile being AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET (12.50%, 9/72). Of the 72 strains, 71 were identified as ST155, with 1 untyped. Some strains exhibited allele differences of ≤10, indicating high genetic homology.

Conclusion

The 72 Salmonella London isolates demonstrate high resistance rates and severe multidrug resistance, with the predominant resistance profile being AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET. The high genetic homology among certain strains suggests the potential for foodborne illness outbreaks.

, authors=Yang YANG1, Xi-mei KONG1, Qi-wu YUAN1, Wei-feng HUANG2, Zhi-qun HE1, Yu-jing ZHONG1, Yan-fang MIAO1, Min FENG1, Jin-yu HU1, Xing FU1, Qi-yan CHEN1, Chang-hong ZHANG1, Jian-tong MENG1, Ming LI1, authorsList=Yang YANG, Xi-mei KONG, Qi-wu YUAN, Wei-feng HUANG, Zhi-qun HE, Yu-jing ZHONG, Yan-fang MIAO, Min FENG, Jin-yu HU, Xing FU, Qi-yan CHEN, Chang-hong ZHANG, Jian-tong MENG, Ming LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324070989692281700, articleId=1324070986865320791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌耐药情况及基因组特征研究, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌的耐药情况及基因组特征。

方法

2019—2023年成都市临床及食品中分离的沙门氏菌,经血清学鉴定后,得到72株伦敦沙门氏菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;全基因组测序后,分析其核心基因组多位点序列分型(cgMLST)遗传特性及耐药基因的携带情况。

结果

菌株对复方新诺明的耐药率最高(76.39%,55/72),其次是四环素(72.22%,52/72)、氨苄西林(68.06%,49/72)及氯霉素(62.50%,45/72),对厄他培南、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、替加环素、美罗培南和阿米卡星敏感。72株菌中,有11株对17种抗生素均敏感。菌株存在多重耐药情况(70.83%,51/72),耐药谱以AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET(12.50%,9/72)为主。72株伦敦沙门氏菌中有71株为ST155型,1株未分型。部分菌株等位基因差异数≤10,提示菌株高度同源。

结论

72株伦敦沙门氏菌耐药率高,多重耐药严重,耐药谱以AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET为主。部分菌株高度同源,存在引起食源性疾病和潜在暴发的可能。

, authors=杨洋1, 孔喜梅1, 袁齐武1, 黄伟峰2, 何志群1, 钟宇婧1, 苗艳芳1, 冯敏1, 胡金宇1, 伏星1, 陈奇言1, 张长宏1, 孟建彤1, 黎明1, authorsList=杨洋, 孔喜梅, 袁齐武, 黄伟峰, 何志群, 钟宇婧, 苗艳芳, 冯敏, 胡金宇, 伏星, 陈奇言, 张长宏, 孟建彤, 黎明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黎明, authorNote=

杨洋(1984—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:食源性致病菌检验

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黎明,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Molecular epidemiological characteristics and analysis of β-lactam resistance genes of multi-drug resistant Salmonella, Guizhou, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324070999624393674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, awardId=S2024002, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省医学会医学科研项目(S2024002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324070989918774117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070989931357030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, companyId=1324070989918774117, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chengdu Institute of Health Supervision), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070989939745639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, companyId=1324070989918774117, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都市疾病预防控制中心(成都市卫生监督所),四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324070990027826024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070990036214633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, companyId=1324070990027826024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川省疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324070997997003707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Number of antibiotic-resistant salmonella london isolates from two sources against 17 antibiotics, figureFileSmall=0L/JY768Z26j4pKtVbfaxg==, figureFileBig=Ucxl5Pha5axrg5BcjfZUmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998068306876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两种来源的伦敦沙门氏菌对17种抗生素的耐药菌株数, figureFileSmall=0L/JY768Z26j4pKtVbfaxg==, figureFileBig=Ucxl5Pha5axrg5BcjfZUmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998286410685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Resistance profiles of 51 multidrug-resistant salmonella london isolates, figureFileSmall=3E7McFMexc7Uq2+1Byt/zg==, figureFileBig=VaJgczlNoSR5d7ypVAZdxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998391268286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=图2, caption=51株多重耐药菌的耐药谱, figureFileSmall=3E7McFMexc7Uq2+1Byt/zg==, figureFileBig=VaJgczlNoSR5d7ypVAZdxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998462571455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Number of isolates carrying each resistance gene, figureFileSmall=+sP8bbXbfuzaidZOoyMmUg==, figureFileBig=YN/MxVqJ+01gRQukEoFLeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998546457536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=图3, caption=携带各耐药基因的菌株数, figureFileSmall=+sP8bbXbfuzaidZOoyMmUg==, figureFileBig=YN/MxVqJ+01gRQukEoFLeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998621955009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Distribution of resistance genes in 72 salmonella london isolates, figureFileSmall=KM9KpY+cCnaCrU4rf1hDMg==, figureFileBig=aHEwgsjvruMRQ0lpvuDI+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998689063874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=图4, caption=72株菌的耐药基因携带情况, figureFileSmall=KM9KpY+cCnaCrU4rf1hDMg==, figureFileBig=aHEwgsjvruMRQ0lpvuDI+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998756172739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cluster analysis of 72 salmonella london isolates based on cgMLST, figureFileSmall=bi983wRVPeCLq/a6KEXpag==, figureFileBig=5eEQtSNrdUzhL/s3ppkchA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998882001860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=图5, caption=72株伦敦沙门氏菌基于cgMLST的聚类分析, figureFileSmall=bi983wRVPeCLq/a6KEXpag==, figureFileBig=5eEQtSNrdUzhL/s3ppkchA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070998991053765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Antibiotic resistance profiles of 72 salmonella london isolates against 17 antibiotics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素种类抗生素缩写敏感中介耐药
菌株数占比(%)菌株数占比(%)菌株数占比(%)
β-内酰胺类氨苄西林AMP2331.9400.004968.06
β-内酰胺类+酶抑制剂氨苄西林/舒巴坦AMS2331.941825.003143.06
碳青霉烯类美罗培南MEM72100.0000.0000.00
厄他培南ETP72100.0000.0000.00
氨基糖苷类链霉素STR3751.39912.502636.11
阿米卡星AMK72100.0000.0000.00
头孢菌素类(第三代)头孢噻肟CTX7097.2200.0022.78
头孢他啶CAZ7198.6100.0011.39
头孢他啶/阿维巴坦CZA72100.0000.0000.00
大环内酯类阿奇霉素AZM4968.0600.002331.94
四环素类四环素TET2027.7800.005272.22
氟喹诺酮类(一代)萘啶酸NAL7097.2200.0022.78
氟喹诺酮类(三代)环丙沙星CIP2940.282534.721825.00
甘氨酰环肽类替加环素TIG72100.0000.0000.00
多粘菌素类多粘菌素BCT7198.6100.0011.39
磺胺类复方新诺明(甲氧苄啶/磺胺异恶唑)SXT1723.6100.005576.39
氯霉素类氯霉素CHL2737.5000.004562.50
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999116882886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

72株伦敦沙门氏菌对17种抗生素的耐药结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素种类抗生素缩写敏感中介耐药
菌株数占比(%)菌株数占比(%)菌株数占比(%)
β-内酰胺类氨苄西林AMP2331.9400.004968.06
β-内酰胺类+酶抑制剂氨苄西林/舒巴坦AMS2331.941825.003143.06
碳青霉烯类美罗培南MEM72100.0000.0000.00
厄他培南ETP72100.0000.0000.00
氨基糖苷类链霉素STR3751.39912.502636.11
阿米卡星AMK72100.0000.0000.00
头孢菌素类(第三代)头孢噻肟CTX7097.2200.0022.78
头孢他啶CAZ7198.6100.0011.39
头孢他啶/阿维巴坦CZA72100.0000.0000.00
大环内酯类阿奇霉素AZM4968.0600.002331.94
四环素类四环素TET2027.7800.005272.22
氟喹诺酮类(一代)萘啶酸NAL7097.2200.0022.78
氟喹诺酮类(三代)环丙沙星CIP2940.282534.721825.00
甘氨酰环肽类替加环素TIG72100.0000.0000.00
多粘菌素类多粘菌素BCT7198.6100.0011.39
磺胺类复方新诺明(甲氧苄啶/磺胺异恶唑)SXT1723.6100.005576.39
氯霉素类氯霉素CHL2737.5000.004562.50
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999456621511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis between resistance phenotypes and resistance genes in the isolates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素表型耐药菌株数(株)表型不耐药菌株数(株)
基因阳性基因阴性基因阳性基因阴性
复方新诺明(磺胺类)532215
四环素(四环素类)520020
链霉素(氨基糖苷类)260370
氨苄西林(β-内酰胺类)463122
阿奇霉素(大环内酯类)230445
氯霉素(氯霉素类)432027
环丙沙星(氟喹诺酮类)1711514
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999527924681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070986865320791, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株耐药表型与耐药基因携带情况分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素表型耐药菌株数(株)表型不耐药菌株数(株)
基因阳性基因阴性基因阳性基因阴性
复方新诺明(磺胺类)532215
四环素(四环素类)520020
链霉素(氨基糖苷类)260370
氨苄西林(β-内酰胺类)463122
阿奇霉素(大环内酯类)230445
氯霉素(氯霉素类)432027
环丙沙星(氟喹诺酮类)1711514
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2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌耐药情况及基因组特征研究
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杨洋 1 , 孔喜梅 1 , 袁齐武 1 , 黄伟峰 2 , 何志群 1 , 钟宇婧 1 , 苗艳芳 1 , 冯敏 1 , 胡金宇 1 , 伏星 1 , 陈奇言 1 , 张长宏 1 , 孟建彤 1 , 黎明 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(24): 4564-4571
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2025 , 52 (24) : 4564 -4571
2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌耐药情况及基因组特征研究
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杨洋1, 孔喜梅1, 袁齐武1, 黄伟峰2, 何志群1, 钟宇婧1, 苗艳芳1, 冯敏1, 胡金宇1, 伏星1, 陈奇言1, 张长宏1, 孟建彤1, 黎明1
作者信息
  • 1.成都市疾病预防控制中心(成都市卫生监督所),四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
黎明,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨洋(1984—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:食源性致病菌检验

A study on the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of Salmonella London, Chengdu City, 2019-2023
Yang YANG1, Xi-mei KONG1, Qi-wu YUAN1, Wei-feng HUANG2, Zhi-qun HE1, Yu-jing ZHONG1, Yan-fang MIAO1, Min FENG1, Jin-yu HU1, Xing FU1, Qi-yan CHEN1, Chang-hong ZHANG1, Jian-tong MENG1, Ming LI1
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chengdu Institute of Health Supervision), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502046
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目的

分析2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌的耐药情况及基因组特征。

方法

2019—2023年成都市临床及食品中分离的沙门氏菌,经血清学鉴定后,得到72株伦敦沙门氏菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;全基因组测序后,分析其核心基因组多位点序列分型(cgMLST)遗传特性及耐药基因的携带情况。

结果

菌株对复方新诺明的耐药率最高(76.39%,55/72),其次是四环素(72.22%,52/72)、氨苄西林(68.06%,49/72)及氯霉素(62.50%,45/72),对厄他培南、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、替加环素、美罗培南和阿米卡星敏感。72株菌中,有11株对17种抗生素均敏感。菌株存在多重耐药情况(70.83%,51/72),耐药谱以AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET(12.50%,9/72)为主。72株伦敦沙门氏菌中有71株为ST155型,1株未分型。部分菌株等位基因差异数≤10,提示菌株高度同源。

结论

72株伦敦沙门氏菌耐药率高,多重耐药严重,耐药谱以AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET为主。部分菌株高度同源,存在引起食源性疾病和潜在暴发的可能。

成都市  /  伦敦沙门氏菌  /  耐药  /  基因组特征  /  cgMLST
Objective

To analyze the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of Salmonella London isolates from Chengdu between 2019 and 2023.

Methods

Salmonella isolates from clinical and food sources in Chengdu during 2019-2023 were serologically identified, resulting in 72 Salmonella London strains. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the microbroth dilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to analyze the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) genetic characteristics and the presence of resistance genes.

Results

The isolates showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (76.39%, 55/72), followed by tetracycline (72.22%, 52/72), ampicillin (68.06%, 49/72), and chloramphenicol (62.50%, 45/72). All isolates were sensitive to ertapenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline, meropenem, and amikacin. Among the 72 strains, 11 were sensitive to all 17 tested antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was observed in 70.83% (51/72) of the isolates, with the predominant resistance profile being AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET (12.50%, 9/72). Of the 72 strains, 71 were identified as ST155, with 1 untyped. Some strains exhibited allele differences of ≤10, indicating high genetic homology.

Conclusion

The 72 Salmonella London isolates demonstrate high resistance rates and severe multidrug resistance, with the predominant resistance profile being AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET. The high genetic homology among certain strains suggests the potential for foodborne illness outbreaks.

Chengdu  /  Salmonella London  /  Drug resistance  /  Genomic characteristics  /  cgMLST
杨洋, 孔喜梅, 袁齐武, 黄伟峰, 何志群, 钟宇婧, 苗艳芳, 冯敏, 胡金宇, 伏星, 陈奇言, 张长宏, 孟建彤, 黎明. 2019—2023年成都市伦敦沙门氏菌耐药情况及基因组特征研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4564 -4571 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502046
Yang YANG, Xi-mei KONG, Qi-wu YUAN, Wei-feng HUANG, Zhi-qun HE, Yu-jing ZHONG, Yan-fang MIAO, Min FENG, Jin-yu HU, Xing FU, Qi-yan CHEN, Chang-hong ZHANG, Jian-tong MENG, Ming LI. A study on the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of Salmonella London, Chengdu City, 2019-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4564 -4571 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502046
沙门氏菌为一种革兰氏阴性杆菌,血清型众多,是导致腹泻病的主要病因之一[1]。伦敦沙门氏菌在畜禽产品中较为多见[2],引发食源性疾病和食物中毒事件的报道也日渐增加[3-4],亦有肠道外感染[5]和医院感染[6]的报道。根据2023年成都市国民经济和社会发展统计公报,成都市常住人口达2 100多万,生猪出栏435.2万头,猪肉的生产与消费在全国名列前茅。然而,2023年食源性疾病暴发监测数据显示,沙门氏菌与肉及肉制品的组合在病原食品组合中位列第二。同年成都市食品安全状况报告也表明食源性疾病致病微生物主要是沙门氏菌。猪肉是沙门氏菌的重要储存库,成都及周边地区大规模猪肉生产可能对当地沙门氏菌的抗性和基因谱产生独特的影响[7]。同时,当地的多民族人口、多样的饮食习惯和多样的地理位置也增加了沙门氏菌通过食物、水和其他环境途径传播的复杂性[8-9]。目前缺少针对成都市近年来沙门氏菌的耐药性和耐药基因的研究,未见仅针对成都市伦敦沙门氏菌耐药性及基因组特征的报道。而伦敦沙门氏菌的多重耐药性(multidrug resistance,MDR)问题日益严峻,已引起公共卫生领域的广泛关注[10]。因此,本研究分析2019—2023年成都市72株伦敦沙门氏菌的来源、耐药情况及基因组特征,为预防沙门氏菌引起暴发、指导临床用药及采取流行病学预防措施提供科学依据,对成都市沙门氏菌防控提供数据支撑。
2019—2023年成都市食源性疾病监测哨点医院腹泻病人粪便分离的沙门氏菌,经血清学鉴定后[11],得到45株伦敦沙门氏菌;从食品样品(肉与肉制品,预制菜)分离的菌株中得到27株(含猪肉源24株)伦敦沙门氏菌,共计72株。
缓冲蛋白胨水、TTB增菌液、SC增菌液、XLD琼脂、HE琼脂和三糖铁琼脂(青岛海博生物技术有限公司),GN生化鉴定卡(法国生物梅里埃),沙门氏菌诊断血清(泰国S&A诊断血清),血琼脂平板(郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司),致病菌识别网CHNENF药敏检测板(美国赛默飞世尔科技),诺唯赞细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(FastPure Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit-BOX2,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)。
VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌生化鉴定系统(法国生物梅里埃),全自动菌液接种仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技)。
参照国家食源性疾病监测工作手册和GB 4789.4[12]进行。
参照CLSI M100-Ed34(2024)、细菌药物敏感性检测技术规范(ChinaPIN-2022-TYJS004)及国家致病菌识别网CHNENF订制药敏板使用说明书,采用微量肉汤稀释法,以大肠埃希氏菌ATCC 25922、肺炎克雷伯菌ATCC 700603、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213及铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 27853为质控对照,测定菌株对17种抗生素的耐药情况。多重耐药(Multiple-drug-resistance,MDR)株指对3类及以上抗生素耐药的菌株。
菌株划线接种血平板,36 ℃培养24 h后,使用诺唯赞细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取菌株DNA,委托北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司,采用Illumina TruSeqTM Nano DNA Sample Prep Kit文库试剂盒构建文库,Illumina novaseq 6000测序平台进行双端150 bp测序[13],将测序原始数据导入BioNumerics 7.6cn进行组装分析。
使用BioNumerics 7.6cn,采用多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)对菌株进行分型。根据核心基因组多位点序列分型(cgMLST)结果对72株菌的同源性进行聚类分析[14]。等位基因差异数≤10视为同源,11-30需结合流行病学调查与菌株背景信息判断菌株间的同源性[15]。
利用BioNumerics 7.6cn对测序数据进行耐药基因筛查。
72株伦敦沙门氏菌对17种抗生素的耐药结果见表1。菌株对复方新诺明的耐药率最高(76.39%,55/72),其次是四环素(72.22%,52/72)、氨苄西林(68.06%,49/72)及氯霉素(62.50%,45/72),对厄他培南、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、替加环素、美罗培南和阿米卡星敏感。其中11株菌(5株来源于患者,6株来源于食品)对17种抗生素均敏感。两种来源的耐药菌株数见图1。
72株菌中,有51株存在多重耐药情况(70.83%),20株来源于食品,31株来源于患者,多重耐药谱见图2。最常见耐药谱为AMP-AMS-CHL-SXT-TET(12.50%,9/72),CIP-AMP-CHL-AZM-SXT-TET-STR(11.76%,6/72),AMP-CHL-SXT-TET(9.80%,5/72)及CIP-AMP-AMS-CHL-AZM-SXT-TET-STR(9.80%,5/72)。最强耐药谱为CIP-AMP-AMS-NAL-CHL-AZM-SXT-TET-STR,共计1株(来源于食品:猪肉)。
有71株菌携带aac(6’)-Iaa(氨基糖苷类耐药基因),50株携带tet(A)(四环素类耐药基因),45株携带blaTEM-1B(β-内酰胺类耐药基因),36株携带floR(氯霉素类耐药基因),分别有33、30和24株携带sul2、sul1和sul3(磺胺类耐药基因)。无携带blaNDM基因的菌株。携带耐药基因的菌株数见图3。菌株携带耐药基因的情况见图4。
菌株耐药基因携带情况与耐药表型的比较分析见表2。四环素和阿奇霉素,表型耐药菌株均携带对应耐药基因。四环素和氯霉素,表型不耐药菌株均不携带对应耐药基因。部分对链霉素和环丙沙星敏感的菌株,也携带相应耐药基因,在抗生素选择压力下,有极大可能发展成耐药菌。少数不携带耐药基因的菌株,出现耐受相应抗生素的情况,其原因有待进一步探寻。
72株伦敦沙门氏菌中有71株为ST155型,1株未分型。基于核心基因组多位点序列分型(cgMLST)对72株菌的同源性进行聚类分析的结果见图5。所有菌株核心等位基因差异数为102。S2019F3975与S2019H4059仅有1个等位基因的差异,存在由被沙门氏菌污染的食品感染人的可能。类似的还有S2019F4224与7451(相差4个等位基因),SM2023SC052与8743(相差2个等位基因),以及S2019F3751与5505(相差7个等位基因)。S2021H6336与7505的等位基因差异数为4,两株菌检出的时间间隔近一年,显示菌株一直处于流行与传播的状态。类似的还有SC2023CDS103与7257(相差6个等位基因),S2020H4670与S2021H6225(相差6个等位基因)以及S2019F3755、5757、S2021F6301与4177(相差8个等位基因)。4959与5031相差9个等位基因,两株菌的检出时间非常接近,且地点相同,存在潜在暴发的可能。7843和7876两株菌完全同源,虽检出时间相差约一个月,但地点相同,提示来自同一链条的伦敦沙门氏菌污染存在时间上的持续传播。
抗生素在治疗细菌所引起的食源性疾病感染中起到了重要作用,但随着其在临床与畜牧业上的广泛甚至过量使用,导致耐药菌株持续增加,成为危害人类生命健康的重大因素。沙门氏菌细菌耐药涉及动物-环境/食品-医学临床等多个领域,耐药菌/耐药基因在全链条传播中,动物是重要源头之一。而大量抗菌药物排放到环境中污染环境并导致耐药性产生,使得环境成为耐药基因最主要的来源与储存库。耐药菌/耐药基因可通过食物链与环境在人与动物间相互传播,从而导致细菌产生多重耐药,甚至成为超级耐药菌。
本次研究的药敏结果显示,72株伦敦沙门氏菌对复方新诺明的耐药率最高(76.39%,55/72),其次是四环素(72.22%,52/72)、氨苄西林(68.06%,49/72)及氯霉素(62.50%,45/72),对厄他培南、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、替加环素、美罗培南和阿米卡星均敏感。这一结果与贵州省[3]、扬州地区[16]、温州地区[17]、北京市[18]和成都前期报道[19]的伦敦沙门氏菌的耐药情况相似。国内其他地区研究进一步证实了沙门氏菌对氨苄西林和四环素的高耐药性。武汉地区儿童食源性疾病监测显示,沙门氏菌对氨苄西林和四环素的耐药率分别为75.99%和68.10%[20];河北沧州2021-2023年研究发现,氨苄西林耐药率为76.2%,四环素为61.9%[21];吉林2023年研究显示,氨苄西林耐药率为73.33%,四环素为46.47%[22]。这些数据与本研究结果高度一致,反映了沙门氏菌对氨苄西林和四环素的高耐药性在全国范围内的普遍性,可能与家畜和养猪业中这两种抗生素的广泛使用有关。
本研究还发现,菌株对环丙沙星、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和链霉素的中介率较高,加之大部分菌株携带对应的耐药基因,发展为耐药菌的可能性较大,后续应密切关注该类抗生素的临床使用以免引起广泛耐药。值得注意的是,沙门氏菌对新型抗生素(如替加环素、厄他培南等)仍保持高度敏感,这一现象在成都[19]、河北沧州[21]和吉林[22]的研究中均得到证实。综上,沙门氏菌尤其是伦敦沙门氏菌的耐药问题已在全国范围内普遍存在,需加强抗生素合理使用和耐药性监测,以遏制耐药问题的进一步蔓延。
在耐药基因方面,本研究发现71株菌携带aac(6’)-Iaa(氨基糖苷类耐药基因),50株携带tet(A)(四环素类耐药基因),45株携带blaTEM-1B(β-内酰胺类耐药基因),36株携带floR(氯霉素类耐药基因),分别有33、30和24株携带sul2、sul1和sul3(磺胺类耐药基因),未检出blaNDM基因。与成都前期研究相比,氨基糖苷类和β-内酰胺类基因仍保持高携带率[19]。此外,与北京、吉林、云南等地区的研究结果一致,氨基糖苷类和β-内酰胺类基因的携带率普遍较高,其中sul2和blaTEM基因在多地均表现出较高的流行率[18,22-23]。然而,沙门氏菌耐药基因的分布仍表现出明显的区域和菌株特异性,这可能与不同地区的抗生素使用习惯和流行病学特征有关。
核心基因组多位点序列分型(core genome multilocus sequence typing, cgMLST),是一种基于全基因组测序(Whole-Genome Sequencing, WGS)的新型分子分型方法,是传统MLST分型方案的扩展形式,常用于分析菌株间的亲缘关系及分型。该技术重复性高,可比性好,能客观揭示细菌的遗传与进化关系、为细菌溯源及流行病学调查提供科学依据,以实现对病原菌传播的监测[24]。在本研究中,部分高度同源的菌株,显示沙门氏菌可能由被污染的食品感染人并致病;部分菌株在不同年份不同地区均有检出,存在持续的流行与传播;部分同时段同地区且高度同源菌株的检出,表示可能存在共同污染源或发生潜在暴发。
本研究显示成都市伦敦沙门氏菌对复方新诺明等抗生素耐药率较高,尤其是猪肉样品来源的菌株耐药谱复杂。抗生素的滥用导致细菌选择压力增大,进而导致超级耐药细菌的出现,这一问题须引起相关部门高度重视,规范禽畜业抗生素的使用和避免多重耐药菌株的产生迫在眉睫。控制动物源细菌耐药需采取综合措施,如提高养殖场生物安全、合理使用抗菌药物、科学减抗行动等,遏制细菌耐药性行动更应在One Health策略下跨行业、跨部门、跨学科合作实施。应提升应对全链条食品安全与细菌耐药风险能力,持续监测来自食品、环境与病人的沙门氏菌,关注其耐药性变迁,为成都市制定相应防控措施提供依据。
  • 四川省医学会医学科研项目(S2024002)
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502046
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
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四川省医学会医学科研项目(S2024002)
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    1.成都市疾病预防控制中心(成都市卫生监督所),四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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