Article(id=1324070955881988177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508227, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755187200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612715931, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612715931, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612715931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612715931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4529, endPage=4537, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324070957723287634, articleId=1324070955881988177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of mental disorders, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association and dose–response relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and the risk of incident common mental disorders.

Methods

This study included 388 559 participants without a history of mental disorders at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort. Weekly total energy expenditure from LTPA was calculated and categorized into four groups: inactive (0MET-h/week), insufficiently active (>0–7.49MET-h/week), sufficiently active (7.5–14.9MET-h/week), and highly active (≥15MET-h/week). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios ( HR), and restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the dose–response patterns.

Results

During a median follow-up of 12.71 years, 27 875 incident cases of mental disorders were documented. Compared with the inactive group, the risk of mental disorders was significantly reduced in the below recommended, meeting recommended, and above recommended groups, with HR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.79), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70–0.76), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated an L-shaped nonlinear association. LTPA was inversely associated with the risk of depression, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, while no significant associations were found for bipolar disorder or eating disorders.

Conclusion

LTPA is significantly inversely associated with the risk of developing mental disorders. Protective effects were observed even at activity levels below current recommendations, and a clear dose–response relationship was evident.

, authors=Yan-xin SUN1, 2, Jing-ting LIANG1, 2, Hui-xian LI2, Ming-xing NI1, 2, Hui-ying LIANG1, 2, authorsList=Yan-xin SUN, Jing-ting LIANG, Hui-xian LI, Ming-xing NI, Hui-ying LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui-ying LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324070960193732708, articleId=1324070955881988177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍发病风险的关联, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索闲暇时间体力活动(leisure-time physical activity, LTPA)与常见精神障碍发病风险的关联及剂量-反应关系。

方法

利用英国生物银行(UK Biobank)队列纳入388 559名基线时无精神障碍病史的研究对象,按每周LTPA总量划分为无活动组(0MET-小时/周)、低于推荐量组(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)、达推荐量组(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)和超推荐量组(≥15MET-小时/周)。采用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型估计风险比,限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline, RCS)分析剂量-反应关系。

结果

对对象的中位随访为12.71年,共新发精神障碍27 875例。与无活动组相比,低于推荐量组、达推荐量组和超推荐量组的精神障碍发病风险显著降低,HR值分别为0.84(95% CI:0.81~0.87)、0.76(95% CI:0.72~0.79)和0.73(95% CI:0.70~0.76),RCS结果显示总体呈L形非线性关联。LTPA与抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症风险呈负相关,与双相情感障碍、饮食障碍无显著关联。

结论

LTPA与精神障碍发病风险呈显著负相关,即使低于推荐量的活动水平也能带来保护效应,且存在剂量-反应关系。

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孙琰欣(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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梁会营,E-mail:
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PLOS One, 2015, 10 (11): e0141970., articleTitle=High cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively associated with daily cortisol output in healthy aging men, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971174420659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=459, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Alizadeh PH, journalName=Behavioural Brain Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alizadeh PH. Possible role of exercise therapy on depression: Effector neurotransmitters as key players [J]. Behavioural Brain Research, 2024, 459: 114791., articleTitle=Possible role of exercise therapy on depression: Effector neurotransmitters as key players, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971270889652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=2, pageStart=543, pageEnd=548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=梁玉祥, 王任杰, 蒋佼佼, journalName=四川大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁玉祥,王任杰,蒋佼佼, 等. 奥塔戈运动对老年肌少症患者日常生活活动能力的影响 [J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2025, 56 (2): 543-548., articleTitle=奥塔戈运动对老年肌少症患者日常生活活动能力的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971350581429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=2, pageStart=543, pageEnd=548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Liang YX, Wang RJ, Jiang JJ, journalName=Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang YX, Wang RJ, Jiang JJ, et al. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of the Otago exercise program on activities of daily living in elderly patients with sarcopenia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971426078902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=3, pageStart=858, pageEnd=863, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=26, authorNames=姚明亚, 陈晓青, 黄可静, journalName=四川大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚明亚,陈晓青,黄可静, 等. 神经重症患者压力性损伤的临床特征和影响因素及预测模型的构建与评价 [J] . 四川大学学报(医学版), 2025, 56 (3): 858-863., articleTitle=神经重症患者压力性损伤的临床特征和影响因素及预测模型的构建与评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971509964983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=3, pageStart=858, pageEnd=863, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Yao MY, Chen XQ, Huang KJ, journalName=Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao MY, Chen XQ, Huang KJ, et al. Clinical characteristics, influencing factors, and predictive model construction and evaluation of pressure injuries in neurocritical care patients [J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Edition), 2025, 56 (3): 858-863. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Clinical characteristics, influencing factors, and predictive model construction and evaluation of pressure injuries in neurocritical care patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971593851064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=4, pageStart=1112, pageEnd=1119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=28, authorNames=付强, 许彤, 王娇娇, journalName=四川大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=付强,许彤,王娇娇, 等. 运动处方对大学生轻中度抑郁症患者认知功能恢复的影响 [J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2025, 56 (4): 1112-1119., articleTitle=运动处方对大学生轻中度抑郁症患者认知功能恢复的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324070971690320057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=4, pageStart=1112, pageEnd=1119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Fu Q, Xu T, Wang JJ, journalName=Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu Q, Xu T, Wang JJ, et al. Effects of exercise prescription on cognitive function recovery in college students with mild to moderate depression [J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Edition), 2025, 56 (4): 1112-1119. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of exercise prescription on cognitive function recovery in college students with mild to moderate depression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324070967210803353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, awardId=2022YFC3601600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目“智慧医养康服务一体化技术与应用研究”(2022YFC3601600), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324070967307272346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, awardId=2023YFC3604600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目“老年人整合型慢病管理医防融合技术与应用”(2023YFC3604600), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324070960621551717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070960629940326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, companyId=1324070960621551717, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070960642523239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, companyId=1324070960621551717, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324070962047615080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070962068586601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, companyId=1324070962047615080, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)医学大数据中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324070964543225999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Association between leisure-time physical activity and mental disorders stratified by potential confounders, figureFileSmall=kQ1ZUKo/R8eEzpyDjfe7Eg==, figureFileBig=yj3Oo+fhBYCoTHN/0b1o8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070964639694992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=按潜在混杂因素分层后的闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍间的关联, figureFileSmall=kQ1ZUKo/R8eEzpyDjfe7Eg==, figureFileBig=yj3Oo+fhBYCoTHN/0b1o8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070964820050065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Dose-response relationships between leisure-time physical activity and risk of mental disorders, figureFileSmall=LpnNnc90PNkqNxhEqxWDaQ==, figureFileBig=27sPa891cZadjIkGfKltWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070966581657746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=CN, label=图2, caption=闲暇时间体力活动与不同精神障碍的剂量-反应关系

注:浅灰色竖直阴影部分代表WHO推荐体力活动量范围。

, figureFileSmall=LpnNnc90PNkqNxhEqxWDaQ==, figureFileBig=27sPa891cZadjIkGfKltWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070966661349523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by leisure-time physical activity levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量全人群
(n=388 559)
闲暇时间体力活动
无活动组
(0 MET-小时/周)
(n=28 741)
未达推荐量组
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
(n=121 411)
年龄(岁,)56.50±8.1256.20±8.1456.20±8.06
性别[n(%)]
女性203 903(52.5)16 675(58.0)70 218(57.8)
男性184 656(47.5)12 066(42.0)51 193(42.2)
种族[n(%)]
白人365 576(94.1)24 801(86.3)111 964(92.2)
黑人6 610(1.7)1 307(4.6)2 816(2.3)
亚洲9 313(2.4)1 575(5.5)3 982(3.3)
混血2 219(0.6)265(0.9)788(0.7)
其他4 841(1.3)793(2.8)1 861(1.5)
学历[n(%)]
大学132 108(34.0)4 931(17.2)37 076(30.5)
其他256 451(66.0)23 810(82.8)84 335(69.5)
汤森剥夺指数()-1.41±3.030.11±3.53-1.10±3.14
就业状态[n(%)]
就业232 065(59.7)16 235(56.5)78 389(64.6)
非就业156 494(40.3)12 506(43.5)43 022(35.4)
有伴侣[n(%)]
否98 464(25.3)10 257(35.7)32 945(27.1)
是290 095(74.7)18 484(64.3)88 466(72.9)
吸烟情况[n(%)]
目前吸烟32 467(8.4)4 546(15.8)11 365(9.4)
曾经吸烟133 542(34.4)9 401(32.7)40 242(33.1)
从不吸烟222 550(57.3)14 794(51.5)69 804(57.5)
饮酒情况[n(%)]
目前饮酒360 064(92.7)24 266(84.4)111 011(91.4)
曾经饮酒11 637(3.0)1 780(6.2)3 858(3.2)
从不饮酒16 858(4.3)2 695(9.4)6 542(5.4)
BMI(kg/m2,)27.3±4.6929.3±5.9727.9±4.99
饮食情况[n(%)]
健康饮食200 094(51.5)9 550(33.2)57 603(47.4)
不健康饮食188 465(48.5)19 191(66.8)63 808(52.6)
睡眠情况[n(%)]
经常失眠101 855(26.2)9 752(33.9)33 216(27.4)
有时失眠186 810(48.1)12 976(45.1)59 407(48.9)
从不失眠99 894(25.7)6 013(20.9)28 788(23.7)
社会活动参与[n(%)]
高频19 045(4.9)408(1.4)3 344(2.8)
低频369 514(95.1)28 333(98.6)118 067(97.2)
社交隔离[n(%)]
否302 835(77.9)20 652(71.9)93 425(76.9)
是85 724(22.1)8 089(28.1)27 986(23.1)
居住地[n(%)]
城市357 013(91.9)27 665(96.3)113 812(93.7)
乡村31 546(8.1)1 076(3.7)7 599(6.3)
当前居住时间[n(%)]
<10年123 542(31.8)9 924(34.5)39 992(32.9)
≥10年265 017(68.2)18 817(65.5)81 419(67.1)
长期疾病[n(%)]
否272 858(70.2)15 092(52.5)82 507(68.0)
是115 701(29.8)13 649(47.5)38 904(32.0)
高血压[n(%)]
否281 262(72.4)18 208(63.4)85 416(70.4)
是107 297(27.6)10 533(36.6)35 995(29.6)
心脏疾病[n(%)]
否368 060(94.7)25 962(90.3)114 810(94.6)
是20 499(5.3)2 779(9.7)6 601(5.4)
糖尿病[n(%)]
否369 229(95.0)25 677(89.3)114 458(94.3)
是19 330(5.0)3 064(10.7)6 953(5.7)
精神障碍家族史[n(%)]
否306 007(78.8)23 296(81.1)95 836(78.9)
是82 552(21.2)5 445(18.9)25 575(21.1)
变量闲暇时间体力活动χ2/H值P值
达推荐量组
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
(n=78 198)
超推荐量组
(≥15MET-小时/周)
(n=160 209)
年龄(岁,)56.30±8.0956.80±8.16609<0.001
性别[n(%)]4 747.5<0.001
女性43 360(55.4)73 650(46.0)
男性34 838(44.6)86 559(54.0)
种族[n(%)]5 887.3<0.001
白人74 328(95.1)154 483(96.4)
黑人1 024(1.3)1 463(0.9)
亚洲1 607(2.1)2 149(1.3)
混血401(0.5)765(0.5)
其他838(1.1)1 349(0.8)
学历[n(%)]5 850.6<0.001
大学28 867(36.9)61 234(38.2)
其他49 331(63.1)98 975(61.8)
汤森剥夺指数()-1.56±2.94-1.85±2.789 960.4<0.001
就业状态[n(%)]2 963.2<0.001
就业49 022(62.7)88 419(55.2)
非就业29 176(37.3)71 790(44.8)
有伴侣[n(%)]2 493.8<0.001
否18 974(24.3)36 288(22.7)
是59 224(75.7)123 921(77.3)
吸烟情况[n(%)]3 006.8<0.001
目前吸烟5 664(7.2)10 892(6.8)
曾经吸烟26 636(34.1)57 263(35.7)
从不吸烟45 898(58.7)92 054(57.5)
饮酒情况[n(%)]4 266.0<0.001
目前饮酒73 239(93.7)151 548(94.6)
曾经饮酒2 045(2.6)3 954(2.4)
从不饮酒2 914(3.7)4 707(2.9)
BMI(kg/m2,)27.1±4.5026.6±4.098 478.4<0.001
饮食情况[n(%)]6 568.7<0.001
健康饮食42 011(53.7)90 930(56.8)
不健康饮食36 187(46.3)69 279(43.2)
睡眠情况[n(%)]1 903.6<0.001
经常失眠20 070(25.7)38 817(24.2)
有时失眠38 282(49.0)76 145(47.5)
从不失眠19 846(25.4)45 247(28.2)
社会活动参与[n(%)]3 519.8<0.001
高频4 026(5.2)11 267(7.0)
低频74 172(94.9)148 942(93.0)
社交隔离[n(%)]917.6<0.001
否61 508(78.7)127 250(79.4)
是16 690(21.3)32 959(20.6)
居住地[n(%)]2 314.6<0.001
城市71 815(91.8)143 721(89.7)
乡村6 383(8.2)16 488(10.3)
当前居住时间[n(%)]317.4<0.001
<10年24 930(31.9)48 696(30.4)
≥10年53 268(68.1)111 513(69.6)
长期疾病[n(%)]5 934.2<0.001
否56 491(72.2)118 768(74.1)
是21 707(27.8)41 441(25.9)
高血压[n(%)]2 031.3<0.001
否57 418(73.4)120 220(75.0)
是20 780(26.6)39 989(25.0)
心脏疾病[n(%)]1 295.2<0.001
否74 527(95.3)152 761(95.4)
是3 671(4.7)7 448(4.7)
糖尿病[n(%)]2 758.0<0.001
否74 722(95.6)154 372(96.4)
是3 476(4.5)5 837(3.6)
精神障碍家族史[n(%)]112.8<0.001
否61 272(78.4)125 603(78.4)
是16 926(21.6)34 606(21.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070966762012820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

按闲暇时间体力活动分组的研究对象基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量全人群
(n=388 559)
闲暇时间体力活动
无活动组
(0 MET-小时/周)
(n=28 741)
未达推荐量组
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
(n=121 411)
年龄(岁,)56.50±8.1256.20±8.1456.20±8.06
性别[n(%)]
女性203 903(52.5)16 675(58.0)70 218(57.8)
男性184 656(47.5)12 066(42.0)51 193(42.2)
种族[n(%)]
白人365 576(94.1)24 801(86.3)111 964(92.2)
黑人6 610(1.7)1 307(4.6)2 816(2.3)
亚洲9 313(2.4)1 575(5.5)3 982(3.3)
混血2 219(0.6)265(0.9)788(0.7)
其他4 841(1.3)793(2.8)1 861(1.5)
学历[n(%)]
大学132 108(34.0)4 931(17.2)37 076(30.5)
其他256 451(66.0)23 810(82.8)84 335(69.5)
汤森剥夺指数()-1.41±3.030.11±3.53-1.10±3.14
就业状态[n(%)]
就业232 065(59.7)16 235(56.5)78 389(64.6)
非就业156 494(40.3)12 506(43.5)43 022(35.4)
有伴侣[n(%)]
否98 464(25.3)10 257(35.7)32 945(27.1)
是290 095(74.7)18 484(64.3)88 466(72.9)
吸烟情况[n(%)]
目前吸烟32 467(8.4)4 546(15.8)11 365(9.4)
曾经吸烟133 542(34.4)9 401(32.7)40 242(33.1)
从不吸烟222 550(57.3)14 794(51.5)69 804(57.5)
饮酒情况[n(%)]
目前饮酒360 064(92.7)24 266(84.4)111 011(91.4)
曾经饮酒11 637(3.0)1 780(6.2)3 858(3.2)
从不饮酒16 858(4.3)2 695(9.4)6 542(5.4)
BMI(kg/m2,)27.3±4.6929.3±5.9727.9±4.99
饮食情况[n(%)]
健康饮食200 094(51.5)9 550(33.2)57 603(47.4)
不健康饮食188 465(48.5)19 191(66.8)63 808(52.6)
睡眠情况[n(%)]
经常失眠101 855(26.2)9 752(33.9)33 216(27.4)
有时失眠186 810(48.1)12 976(45.1)59 407(48.9)
从不失眠99 894(25.7)6 013(20.9)28 788(23.7)
社会活动参与[n(%)]
高频19 045(4.9)408(1.4)3 344(2.8)
低频369 514(95.1)28 333(98.6)118 067(97.2)
社交隔离[n(%)]
否302 835(77.9)20 652(71.9)93 425(76.9)
是85 724(22.1)8 089(28.1)27 986(23.1)
居住地[n(%)]
城市357 013(91.9)27 665(96.3)113 812(93.7)
乡村31 546(8.1)1 076(3.7)7 599(6.3)
当前居住时间[n(%)]
<10年123 542(31.8)9 924(34.5)39 992(32.9)
≥10年265 017(68.2)18 817(65.5)81 419(67.1)
长期疾病[n(%)]
否272 858(70.2)15 092(52.5)82 507(68.0)
是115 701(29.8)13 649(47.5)38 904(32.0)
高血压[n(%)]
否281 262(72.4)18 208(63.4)85 416(70.4)
是107 297(27.6)10 533(36.6)35 995(29.6)
心脏疾病[n(%)]
否368 060(94.7)25 962(90.3)114 810(94.6)
是20 499(5.3)2 779(9.7)6 601(5.4)
糖尿病[n(%)]
否369 229(95.0)25 677(89.3)114 458(94.3)
是19 330(5.0)3 064(10.7)6 953(5.7)
精神障碍家族史[n(%)]
否306 007(78.8)23 296(81.1)95 836(78.9)
是82 552(21.2)5 445(18.9)25 575(21.1)
变量闲暇时间体力活动χ2/H值P值
达推荐量组
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
(n=78 198)
超推荐量组
(≥15MET-小时/周)
(n=160 209)
年龄(岁,)56.30±8.0956.80±8.16609<0.001
性别[n(%)]4 747.5<0.001
女性43 360(55.4)73 650(46.0)
男性34 838(44.6)86 559(54.0)
种族[n(%)]5 887.3<0.001
白人74 328(95.1)154 483(96.4)
黑人1 024(1.3)1 463(0.9)
亚洲1 607(2.1)2 149(1.3)
混血401(0.5)765(0.5)
其他838(1.1)1 349(0.8)
学历[n(%)]5 850.6<0.001
大学28 867(36.9)61 234(38.2)
其他49 331(63.1)98 975(61.8)
汤森剥夺指数()-1.56±2.94-1.85±2.789 960.4<0.001
就业状态[n(%)]2 963.2<0.001
就业49 022(62.7)88 419(55.2)
非就业29 176(37.3)71 790(44.8)
有伴侣[n(%)]2 493.8<0.001
否18 974(24.3)36 288(22.7)
是59 224(75.7)123 921(77.3)
吸烟情况[n(%)]3 006.8<0.001
目前吸烟5 664(7.2)10 892(6.8)
曾经吸烟26 636(34.1)57 263(35.7)
从不吸烟45 898(58.7)92 054(57.5)
饮酒情况[n(%)]4 266.0<0.001
目前饮酒73 239(93.7)151 548(94.6)
曾经饮酒2 045(2.6)3 954(2.4)
从不饮酒2 914(3.7)4 707(2.9)
BMI(kg/m2,)27.1±4.5026.6±4.098 478.4<0.001
饮食情况[n(%)]6 568.7<0.001
健康饮食42 011(53.7)90 930(56.8)
不健康饮食36 187(46.3)69 279(43.2)
睡眠情况[n(%)]1 903.6<0.001
经常失眠20 070(25.7)38 817(24.2)
有时失眠38 282(49.0)76 145(47.5)
从不失眠19 846(25.4)45 247(28.2)
社会活动参与[n(%)]3 519.8<0.001
高频4 026(5.2)11 267(7.0)
低频74 172(94.9)148 942(93.0)
社交隔离[n(%)]917.6<0.001
否61 508(78.7)127 250(79.4)
是16 690(21.3)32 959(20.6)
居住地[n(%)]2 314.6<0.001
城市71 815(91.8)143 721(89.7)
乡村6 383(8.2)16 488(10.3)
当前居住时间[n(%)]317.4<0.001
<10年24 930(31.9)48 696(30.4)
≥10年53 268(68.1)111 513(69.6)
长期疾病[n(%)]5 934.2<0.001
否56 491(72.2)118 768(74.1)
是21 707(27.8)41 441(25.9)
高血压[n(%)]2 031.3<0.001
否57 418(73.4)120 220(75.0)
是20 780(26.6)39 989(25.0)
心脏疾病[n(%)]1 295.2<0.001
否74 527(95.3)152 761(95.4)
是3 671(4.7)7 448(4.7)
糖尿病[n(%)]2 758.0<0.001
否74 722(95.6)154 372(96.4)
是3 476(4.5)5 837(3.6)
精神障碍家族史[n(%)]112.8<0.001
否61 272(78.4)125 603(78.4)
是16 926(21.6)34 606(21.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070966854287509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Associations of leisure-time physical activity with incident risk of mental disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局闲暇时间体力活动P趋势
无活动
(0MET-小时/周)
低于推荐量
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
达推荐量
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
超推荐量
(≥15MET-小时/周)
精神障碍
样本人数28 741121 41178 198160 209
发病人数3 3649 6575 2379 617
模型110.67(0.64~0.69)0.56(0.53~0.58)0.52(0.50~0.54)<0.001
模型210.80(0.77~0.83)0.71(0.68~0.74)0.67(0.64~0.70)<0.001
模型310.84(0.81~0.87)0.76(0.72~0.79)0.73(0.70~0.76)<0.001
抑郁症
发病人数2 0325 1572 6554 853
模型110.59(0.56~0.62)0.47(0.44~0.49)0.43(0.40~0.45)<0.001
模型210.76(0.72~0.80)0.66(0.62~0.70)0.62(0.59~0.66)<0.001
模型310.81(0.77~0.85)0.71(0.67~0.76)0.69(0.65~0.73)<0.001
焦虑症
发病人数1 6845 1042 7384 967
模型110.72(0.68~0.76)0.60(0.56~0.64)0.55(0.52~0.58)<0.001
模型210.84(0.79~0.89)0.73(0.69~0.78)0.68(0.64~0.72)<0.001
模型310.88(0.83~0.93)0.78(0.73~0.83)0.73(0.69~0.78)<0.001
精神分裂症
发病人数33562236
模型110.45(0.29~0.70)0.28(0.16~0.48)0.21(0.13~0.34)<0.001
模型210.78(0.49~1.23)0.55(0.31~0.97)0.41(0.24~0.70)0.001
模型310.83(0.53~1.32)0.59(0.33~1.06)0.46(0.27~0.79)0.003
双相情感障碍
发病人数36864198
模型110.57(0.39~0.85)0.42(0.27~0.67)0.51(0.35~0.76)0.097
模型210.77(0.51~1.15)0.60(0.38~0.97)0.72(0.47~1.09)0.450
模型310.81(0.54~1.22)0.65(0.41~1.04)0.79(0.52~1.20)0.703
饮食障碍
发病人数10171628
模型110.41(0.18~0.91)0.61(0.27~1.37)0.58(0.27~1.22)0.870
模型210.40(0.18~0.91)0.55(0.23~1.28)0.46(0.21~1.02)0.575
模型310.44(0.19~1.01)0.62(0.26~1.47)0.53(0.24~1.19)0.771
), ArticleFig(id=1324070966938173590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍之间的发病风险关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局闲暇时间体力活动P趋势
无活动
(0MET-小时/周)
低于推荐量
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
达推荐量
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
超推荐量
(≥15MET-小时/周)
精神障碍
样本人数28 741121 41178 198160 209
发病人数3 3649 6575 2379 617
模型110.67(0.64~0.69)0.56(0.53~0.58)0.52(0.50~0.54)<0.001
模型210.80(0.77~0.83)0.71(0.68~0.74)0.67(0.64~0.70)<0.001
模型310.84(0.81~0.87)0.76(0.72~0.79)0.73(0.70~0.76)<0.001
抑郁症
发病人数2 0325 1572 6554 853
模型110.59(0.56~0.62)0.47(0.44~0.49)0.43(0.40~0.45)<0.001
模型210.76(0.72~0.80)0.66(0.62~0.70)0.62(0.59~0.66)<0.001
模型310.81(0.77~0.85)0.71(0.67~0.76)0.69(0.65~0.73)<0.001
焦虑症
发病人数1 6845 1042 7384 967
模型110.72(0.68~0.76)0.60(0.56~0.64)0.55(0.52~0.58)<0.001
模型210.84(0.79~0.89)0.73(0.69~0.78)0.68(0.64~0.72)<0.001
模型310.88(0.83~0.93)0.78(0.73~0.83)0.73(0.69~0.78)<0.001
精神分裂症
发病人数33562236
模型110.45(0.29~0.70)0.28(0.16~0.48)0.21(0.13~0.34)<0.001
模型210.78(0.49~1.23)0.55(0.31~0.97)0.41(0.24~0.70)0.001
模型310.83(0.53~1.32)0.59(0.33~1.06)0.46(0.27~0.79)0.003
双相情感障碍
发病人数36864198
模型110.57(0.39~0.85)0.42(0.27~0.67)0.51(0.35~0.76)0.097
模型210.77(0.51~1.15)0.60(0.38~0.97)0.72(0.47~1.09)0.450
模型310.81(0.54~1.22)0.65(0.41~1.04)0.79(0.52~1.20)0.703
饮食障碍
发病人数10171628
模型110.41(0.18~0.91)0.61(0.27~1.37)0.58(0.27~1.22)0.870
模型210.40(0.18~0.91)0.55(0.23~1.28)0.46(0.21~1.02)0.575
模型310.44(0.19~1.01)0.62(0.26~1.47)0.53(0.24~1.19)0.771
), ArticleFig(id=1324070967013671063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident mental disorders after excluding cases in the first 2 years of follow-up

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局闲暇时间体力活动P趋势
无活动
(0MET-小时/周)
低于推荐量
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
达推荐量
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
超推荐量
(≥15MET-小时/周)
精神障碍10.84(0.80~0.87)0.75(0.71~0.79)0.72(0.69~0.76)<0.001
抑郁症10.81(0.76~0.85)0.70(0.66~0.75)0.69(0.65~0.73)<0.001
焦虑症10.88(0.83~0.94)0.77(0.72~0.83)0.73(0.69~0.78)<0.001
精神分裂症10.86(0.53~1.39)0.61(0.33~1.11)0.47(0.27~0.82)0.003
双相情感障碍10.80(0.53~1.23)0.68(0.42~1.11)0.82(0.53~1.26)0.880
饮食障碍10.56(0.23~1.32)0.70(0.28~1.74)0.64(0.27~1.51)0.908
), ArticleFig(id=1324070967097557144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070955881988177, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

排除随访前2年内发病者后闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍发病风险的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局闲暇时间体力活动P趋势
无活动
(0MET-小时/周)
低于推荐量
(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)
达推荐量
(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)
超推荐量
(≥15MET-小时/周)
精神障碍10.84(0.80~0.87)0.75(0.71~0.79)0.72(0.69~0.76)<0.001
抑郁症10.81(0.76~0.85)0.70(0.66~0.75)0.69(0.65~0.73)<0.001
焦虑症10.88(0.83~0.94)0.77(0.72~0.83)0.73(0.69~0.78)<0.001
精神分裂症10.86(0.53~1.39)0.61(0.33~1.11)0.47(0.27~0.82)0.003
双相情感障碍10.80(0.53~1.23)0.68(0.42~1.11)0.82(0.53~1.26)0.880
饮食障碍10.56(0.23~1.32)0.70(0.28~1.74)0.64(0.27~1.51)0.908
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闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍发病风险的关联
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孙琰欣 1, 2 , 梁靖婷 1, 2 , 李惠先 2 , 倪明星 1, 2 , 梁会营 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(24): 4529-4537
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (24) : 4529 -4537
闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍发病风险的关联
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孙琰欣1, 2, 梁靖婷1, 2, 李惠先2, 倪明星1, 2, 梁会营1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110122
  • 2.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)医学大数据中心
通讯作者:
梁会营,E-mail:
作者简介:

孙琰欣(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of mental disorders
Yan-xin SUN1, 2, Jing-ting LIANG1, 2, Hui-xian LI2, Ming-xing NI1, 2, Hui-ying LIANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508227
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目的

探索闲暇时间体力活动(leisure-time physical activity, LTPA)与常见精神障碍发病风险的关联及剂量-反应关系。

方法

利用英国生物银行(UK Biobank)队列纳入388 559名基线时无精神障碍病史的研究对象,按每周LTPA总量划分为无活动组(0MET-小时/周)、低于推荐量组(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)、达推荐量组(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)和超推荐量组(≥15MET-小时/周)。采用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型估计风险比,限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline, RCS)分析剂量-反应关系。

结果

对对象的中位随访为12.71年,共新发精神障碍27 875例。与无活动组相比,低于推荐量组、达推荐量组和超推荐量组的精神障碍发病风险显著降低,HR值分别为0.84(95% CI:0.81~0.87)、0.76(95% CI:0.72~0.79)和0.73(95% CI:0.70~0.76),RCS结果显示总体呈L形非线性关联。LTPA与抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症风险呈负相关,与双相情感障碍、饮食障碍无显著关联。

结论

LTPA与精神障碍发病风险呈显著负相关,即使低于推荐量的活动水平也能带来保护效应,且存在剂量-反应关系。

闲暇时间体力活动  /  精神障碍  /  队列研究  /  剂量-反应关系
Objective

To investigate the association and dose–response relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and the risk of incident common mental disorders.

Methods

This study included 388 559 participants without a history of mental disorders at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort. Weekly total energy expenditure from LTPA was calculated and categorized into four groups: inactive (0MET-h/week), insufficiently active (>0–7.49MET-h/week), sufficiently active (7.5–14.9MET-h/week), and highly active (≥15MET-h/week). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios ( HR), and restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the dose–response patterns.

Results

During a median follow-up of 12.71 years, 27 875 incident cases of mental disorders were documented. Compared with the inactive group, the risk of mental disorders was significantly reduced in the below recommended, meeting recommended, and above recommended groups, with HR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.79), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70–0.76), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated an L-shaped nonlinear association. LTPA was inversely associated with the risk of depression, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, while no significant associations were found for bipolar disorder or eating disorders.

Conclusion

LTPA is significantly inversely associated with the risk of developing mental disorders. Protective effects were observed even at activity levels below current recommendations, and a clear dose–response relationship was evident.

Leisure-time physical activity  /  Mental disorders  /  Cohort studies  /  Dose-response relationship
孙琰欣, 梁靖婷, 李惠先, 倪明星, 梁会营. 闲暇时间体力活动与精神障碍发病风险的关联. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4529 -4537 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508227
Yan-xin SUN, Jing-ting LIANG, Hui-xian LI, Ming-xing NI, Hui-ying LIANG. Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of mental disorders[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4529 -4537 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508227
精神障碍包括抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和饮食障碍等疾病,是全球致残和过早死亡的重要危险因素[1-2]。2021年全球疾病负担研究显示,抑郁和焦虑障碍分别以5 630万与4 250万伤残生存年(years lived with disability, YLDs)位列全球致残负担第二和第六位,2010—2021年二者年龄标准化的伤残调整寿命年率分别上升16.4%和16.7%,增幅居各类疾病前列[2]。精神分裂症等其他精神障碍亦居全球YLDs前25位。据估计,全球因精神障碍造成的经济损失将从2010年1.6万亿美元增至2030年3万亿美元[3],对公共健康造成持续且沉重的负担。
闲暇时间体力活动(leisure-time physical activity, LTPA)是指个体在工作与通勤之外自主选择的、以健康促进或休闲娱乐为目的的活动,例如散步、游泳或球类运动等。作为可推广的生活干预方式,LTPA有助于降低心血管疾病、糖尿病和肥胖等慢性病风险,促进代谢健康[4-7]。规律的LTPA有助于缓解抑郁与焦虑症状,改善情绪调节能力与生活质量[8-9]。然而,LTPA与多种常见精神障碍之间的关联证据仍较为有限且不一致,现有研究多来自小样本、横断面研究或特定人群。为此本研究利用UK Biobank大规模前瞻性队列,分析LTPA与不同精神障碍发病风险的关联,探索剂量-反应关系及人群差异,以期为精神障碍的早期预防提供流行病学依据。
UK Biobank是一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究,通过对英国各地参与者的纵向随访,对中老年疾病的遗传与非遗传风险因素进行研究[10]。该队列于2006至2010年招募了超过50万名40~69岁的参与者,通过触摸屏问卷调查、体格测量和生物样本采集收集了表型信息综合数据。本研究纳入了基线时无精神障碍病史的416 811名参与者,排除了LTPA数据缺失23 985人、数据不合理3 179人和失访的1 088人,最终纳入388 559名研究对象。
根据参与者报告的体力活动频率、持续时间和活动类型,结合代谢当量(metabolic equivalent of task, MET)计算每周LTPA总量。MET是衡量体力活动强度的单位,1MET相当于静息状态下的能量消耗。LTPA包括以下几类活动:步行(非通勤目的)、其他运动(如游泳、骑自行车等)、剧烈运动、轻度家务性活动(例如浇灌草坪、修剪枝叶等)和重度家务性活动(例如除草、木工等),对应MET值分别为3.3、4.5、8.0、2.25和4.5。
根据WHO推荐的每周150~300分钟的中度至剧烈LTPA将其转换为MET-小时/周,假设中等活动对应3METs,150分钟的闲暇时间体力活动等于7.5MET-小时/周[6,11]。基于每周MET-小时数将研究对象分为四组:无活动组(0MET-小时/周)、低于推荐量组(>0~7.49MET-小时/周)、达推荐量组(7.5~14.9MET-小时/周)和超推荐量组(≥15MET-小时/周)。例如每周步行5次,每次0.5小时,则LTPA总量为8.25MET-小时/周(3.3×0.5×5),分配至达推荐量组。如果LTPA、看电视、用电脑和睡眠的时间之和超过24小时/天,将被视为数据不合理而排除。
本研究的主要结局是复合终点,即任何精神障碍首次发病,进一步将常见精神障碍发病作为次要结局分别分析,包括抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和饮食障碍。数据来自初级保健记录、医院住院、自我报告的医疗状况和死亡登记。疾病诊断基于ICD-10编码:精神障碍定义为F20~F29、F30~F39、F40~F49和F50,抑郁症为F32~F33,焦虑症为F40~F41,精神分裂症为F20,双相情感障碍为F31,饮食障碍为F50。通过国家卫生服务信息中心的死亡登记处确定死亡日期,死亡数据截至2021年10月31日,因此将2021年10月31日定为本研究的截止日期。随访时间定义为入组日期至截止日期、发病日期或死亡日期的时间间隔,以先发生者为准。
通过文献回顾,纳入多个潜在混杂因素作为模型调整协变量。包括:社会人口学特征(年龄、性别、种族、学历、汤森剥夺指数、就业状态、是否有伴侣、居住地和当前居住时间)、生活方式相关因素(吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质指数(body mass index, BMI)、饮食情况、睡眠情况、社会活动参与和社交隔离)以及健康状况相关因素(长期疾病、高血压、心脏疾病、糖尿病和精神障碍家族史)。饮食情况以七种食物摄入满足≥4种为健康饮食,否则为不健康饮食;社会活动参与通过每周的休闲活动≥3种为高频,<3种为低频;社交隔离根据与家人朋友见面频率≤1次/月定义;高血压基于自我报告的医生诊断病史或正在使用降压药物定义;心脏疾病和糖尿病均根据基线时报告的诊断病史定义[12]。
以LTPA分组比较不同组别的分布差异,用均值±标准差描述连续变量分布情况,组间差异采用方差分析;用频数和百分比描述分类变量分布情况,组间差异采用χ2检验。对协变量的缺失值进行10次插补。
使用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型分别评估LTPA与精神障碍各结局发生风险之间的关联,Schoenfeld残差未发现明显违反情况。模型1调整基本人口学变量,包括年龄、性别和种族;模型2进一步调整社会经济与生活方式因素,包括学历、汤森剥夺指数、就业状态、是否有伴侣、居住地、当前居住时间、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、BMI、饮食情况、睡眠情况、社会活动参与情况和社交隔离;模型3进一步纳入健康状况相关因素,包括长期疾病、高血压、心脏疾病、糖尿病和精神障碍家族史。
基于模型3,使用RCS分析LTPA与精神障碍风险之间的剂量-反应关系,结点数量设为4个,位于LTPA分布的5%、35%、65%和95%分位数处。按年龄、性别、BMI、学历、社交隔离以及长期疾病进行分层,并评估变量与LTPA的交互作用。为检验结果的稳健性,排除了随访前两年内发病者进行敏感性分析。
所有分析使用R 4.3.3完成,统计显著性水平设为双侧P<0.05。
研究对象的平均年龄为56.50岁(标准差=8.12),女性占52.5%。与无活动组相比,各活动组中男性、白人以及拥有大学学历者比例较高,社会经济状况更优;更可能拥有健康饮食习惯、较少失眠问题和较低的目前吸烟比例,患高血压、糖尿病等慢性病的比例也较低,但表现出较高的目前饮酒比例。所有基线特征组间差异均具有统计学显著性(P<0.001),见表1。
对对象的中位随访为12.71年,共新发精神障碍27 875例。LTPA水平与精神障碍风险呈现显著负相关,HR值随活动量增加呈下降趋势。模型3中,与无活动组相比,精神障碍的发病风险在低于推荐量、达推荐量和超推荐量组显著降低,HR值分别为0.84(95% CI:0.81~0.87)、0.76(95% CI:0.72~0.79)和0.73(95% CI:0.70~0.76)。
随着LTPA水平的增加,抑郁症和焦虑症的风险也显著下降。模型3抑郁症的HR值在低于推荐量、达推荐量和超推荐量组分别为0.81(95% CI:0.77~0.85)、0.71(95% CI:0.67~0.76)和0.69(95% CI:0.65~0.73);焦虑症的HR值分别为0.88(95% CI:0.83~0.93)、0.78(95% CI:0.73~0.83)和0.73(95% CI:0.69~0.78)。此外,模型3中精神分裂症仅在超推荐量组观察到显著的风险降低,HR值为0.46(95% CI:0.27~0.79)。双相情感障碍和饮食障碍中未发现不同LTPA水平与疾病风险存在显著关联。多变量Cox比例风险回归分析结果见表2。
图1结果显示,LTPA与精神障碍的关联在不同人群中总体一致,大多数变量在亚组内未发现显著差异(P交互>0.05)。然而在总体精神障碍和抑郁症中,患长期疾病的人群中表现出更强的保护效应(P交互<0.05)。在焦虑症中,>60岁研究对象的保护效应更强(P交互<0.05)。此外,双相情感障碍存在年龄交互作用,但>60岁组风险降低未达统计学显著性。
图2展示了LTPA与精神障碍、抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症发病风险间的L形非线性关联(P非线性均<0.05)。双相情感障碍中HR也显示出下降趋势,但在达超推荐量水平后略有回升,且总体未达显著(P总体=0.067,P非线性=0.071)。未观察到LTPA与饮食障碍风险间的显著关联(P总体=0.996,P非线性=0.970)。
敏感性分析结果显示,在排除随访前2年内发病者后,LTPA与精神障碍关联分析结果保持稳健。
本研究基于UK Biobank大规模前瞻性队列,探讨了LTPA与精神障碍发病风险的关联。发现LTPA与精神障碍总体风险降低显著相关,即使参与低于推荐量的活动也有保护作用,而达到或超过推荐量则获益更大。这种保护作用在抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症中更为明显。RCS分析进一步揭示LTPA与精神障碍、抑郁症、焦虑症及精神分裂症风险之间的L形非线性关系,即在低活动水平时风险快速下降,达到一定水平后趋于平稳。亚组分析显示关联在不同人群中基本一致,长期疾病患者可能在总体精神障碍和抑郁症中获益更明显。
既往研究支持体力活动对抑郁症和焦虑症的保护效应[13-14],且不受性别、年龄和地理区域的影响[15-16]。Brokmeier等的荟萃分析发现高水平体力活动与精神分裂症发病风险降低相关,但调整混杂因素年龄、性别、BMI和父母精神障碍史后,关联不再显著[17]。本研究调整多变量模型后仍发现超推荐量LTPA与精神分裂症发病风险降低显著相关,可能得益于大样本量提高了统计效能。双相情感障碍与体力活动的因果关系在现有文献中存在异质性[18-19],更新研究发现双相情感障碍与体力活动水平升高有关,这可能反映了反向因果关联,例如躁狂期表现高能量状态。研究显示,低能量消耗的轻度体力活动可能对预防饮食障碍有益,这与本研究模型1、2结果一致,然而进一步调整健康状况变量后保护作用消失,提示可能受混杂因素影响[18]。
LTPA可能通过生理、心理及社会机制降低精神障碍风险。慢性炎症被认为是抑郁症和焦虑症等精神障碍的潜在致病因素[20],规律的体力活动能减轻系统性慢性炎症,降低促炎因子如IL-6和TNF-α水平[21]。适度体力活动可以促进BDNF生成,有利于增强神经发生与突触可塑性,进而改善学习、记忆和认知功能[22]。同时,体力活动有助于调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴和皮质醇水平,缓解慢性压力负荷[23],还能促进内啡肽和血清素等神经递质释放,维持情绪稳定[24-27]。此外,体力活动可以强化自我效能感、缓解压力,通过集体锻炼还可以增强社会支持,缓解孤独感,进一步促进心理健康。在长期疾病人群中观察到的增强保护效应,提示可能通过改善相关炎症状态和神经功能发挥作用。未来研究应结合神经影像与分子标志物等进一步解析LTPA的剂量特异性机制,为精神障碍个性化预防与治疗提供理论依据和实践指导。
本研究具有多方面优势。首先是大样本队列及长期随访,显著提高了统计效能和结论的稳健性。其次,与既往集中于单一或少数精神障碍结局的研究不同,本研究系统评估LTPA与多种精神障碍结局之间的关联,为理解LTPA对精神健康的防护效应提供了补充。此外,模型充分调整多类潜在混杂因素,并结合RCS、亚组和敏感性分析保证稳健性。研究也存在一定局限:LTPA的自我报告测量可能存在回忆偏倚及测量误差,且缺乏动态数据,无法捕捉活动模式的变化轨迹。第二,精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和饮食障碍病例较少,可能导致风险估计不精确、置信区间较宽,这也解释了为何针对这些特定精神障碍的高质量前瞻性研究相对缺乏。最后,UK Biobank参与者整体健康水平较高,可能限制结果的外推。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目“智慧医养康服务一体化技术与应用研究”(2022YFC3601600)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目“老年人整合型慢病管理医防融合技术与应用”(2023YFC3604600)
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508227
  • 接收时间:2025-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“智慧医养康服务一体化技术与应用研究”(2022YFC3601600)
国家重点研发计划项目“老年人整合型慢病管理医防融合技术与应用”(2023YFC3604600)
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    1.中国医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110122
    2.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)医学大数据中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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