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Article(id=1324070942485389887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501134, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736265600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612712737, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612712737, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612712737, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612712737, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4488, endPage=4494, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324070944658039360, articleId=1324070942485389887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Changes of dietary patterns of adult people, Guizhou, 1991-2023, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the dietary patterns among adults in Guizhou Province over the period from 1991 to 2023 and to offer a scientific foundation for developing strategies related to chronic disease prevention and nutritional enhancement.

Methods

The survey data originated from the China Health and Nutrition Survey project, selecting 10 892 subjects with complete data. Dietary data were collected using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method. Oblique principal component cluster analysis was employed to screen food groups, while K-means cluster analysis was used to extract distinct dietary patterns. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine differences in the intake of major foods and nutrients across different dietary patterns. The Cochran-Armitage trend test analyzed changes in the proportion of individuals following different dietary patterns across years. A multivariable logistic regression model examined the interaction between survey year and geographic region. Chi-square tests assessed differences in the proportions of the three dietary patterns among adult residents in Guizhou Province with varying characteristics in 2023.

Results

Dietary patterns among adult residents in Guizhou Province are primarily categorized into three types: high-quality protein, plant-based foods, and mixed. In 2023, the proportion of urban residents following the high-quality protein pattern exceeded that of rural residents, while the proportion adhering to the plant-based foods pattern was lower than in rural areas. As educational attainment increases, the proportion of individuals following the high-quality protein pattern rises, whereas the proportion following the plant-based foods pattern gradually decreases. From 1991 to 2023, plant-based dietary patterns predominated among Guizhou’s adult residents. After 1997, the proportion following plant-based patterns gradually declined while the proportion adopting high-quality protein patterns gradually increased. Starting in 2006, the proportion following high-quality protein patterns rose significantly, while the proportion following plant-based patterns decreased substantially. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between survey year and geographic region for dietary patterns (P<0.000 1). The Northern/Western Guizhou Mixed Development Zone exhibited the fastest increase in the proportion of individuals following the high-quality protein pattern (OR=1.099) and the fastest decrease in the proportion following the plant-based food pattern (OR=0.943).

Conclusion

The proportion of people with more reasonable dietary patterns among adult residents of Guizhou Province increased from 1991 to 2023, but there is still a need to strengthen the publicity of nutritional and healthy diets and to promote the establishment of balanced dietary patterns.

, authors=Yan SUN, Jiang-jiang PENG, Hua GUO, Yi-ya LIU, authorsList=Yan SUN, Jiang-jiang PENG, Hua GUO, Yi-ya LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi-ya LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324070946360926797, articleId=1324070942485389887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况，为制定慢病防控和营养相关政策提供科学依据。

方法

调查数据源自于“中国健康与营养调查”项目，选取数据完整的研究对象10 892人。利用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法收集膳食数据，采用斜交主成分聚类分析筛选食物组，用K-均值聚类分析提取不同的膳食模式，方差分析检验不同膳食模式中主要食物和营养素摄入量的差异，Cochran-Armitage趋势检验法分析不同年份不同膳食模式人群比例变化趋势，采用多因素logistic回归模型检验调查年份与地域组的交互作用，运用卡方检验分析2023年不同特征贵州省成年居民三种膳食模式比例差异。

结果

贵州省成年居民膳食模式主要分为优质蛋白模式、植物性食物模式、混合模式三类。2023年城市居民优质蛋白模式人群比例高于农村居民，但植物性食物模式比例低于农村居民。随着文化程度的升高，优质蛋白模式人群比例也升高，而植物性食物模式的人群比例逐渐降低。1991—2023年贵州省成年居民主要以植物性食物模式为主，自1997年后，植物性食物模式比例逐渐下降，优质蛋白模式比例逐渐上升，2006年起优质蛋白模式比例大幅度增加，而植物性食物模式比例幅度减少。多因素logistic回归分析显示，调查年份与地域组对膳食模式存在显著交互作用（P<0.000 1），黔北/黔西混合发展区的优质蛋白模式人群比例上升速度最快（OR=1.099），植物性食物模式的人群比例下降速度最快（OR=0.943）。

结论

1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式较为合理的人群比例有所增加，但仍需加强营养健康膳食的宣传，促进平衡膳食模式的建立。

, authors=孙燕, 彭江江, 郭华, 刘怡娅, authorsList=孙燕, 彭江江, 郭华, 刘怡娅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘怡娅, authorNote=

孙燕（1997—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：人群营养与健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘怡娅，E-mail：
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注：a表示趋势检验，差异具有统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=75Jot68RsSTxqjyd132DRw==, figureFileBig=2FSxKi1lbYtaftGDKPCjTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324070951255679601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution characteristics of adult people in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2023[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征19911993199720002004200620092011201520182023
性别
男495（50.3）499（48.7）574（51.6）517（51.7）488（49.1）486（47.8）476（48.7）458（48.2）495（47.2）383（45.3）412（44.0）
女489（49.7）526（51.3）539（48.4）484（48.4）506（50.9）530（52.2）501（51.3）493（51.8）554（52.8）462（54.7）525（56.0）
年龄（岁）
18~59841（85.5）876（85.5）914（82.1）810（80.9)739（74.4）719（70.8）637（65.2）606（63.7）648（61.8）497（58.8）630（67.2）
≥60143（14.5）149（14.5）199（17.9）191（19.1）255（25.7）297（29.2）340（34.8）345（36.3）401（38.2）348（41.2）307（32.8）
城乡
农村666（67.7）731（71.3）767（68.9）704（70.3）693（69.7）693（68.2）689（70.5）650（68.4）736（70.2）564（66.8）671（71.6）
城市318（32.3）294（28.7）346（31.1）297（29.7）301（30.3）323（31.8）288（29.5）301（31.7）313（29.8）281（33.3）266（28.4）
文化程度
小学及以下657（66.8）652（63.6）673（60.5）558（55.7）580（58.4）566（55.7）546（55.9）507（53.3）452（43.1）343（40.6）385（41.1）
初中220（22.4）261（25.5）287（25.8）281（28.1）261（26.3）271（26.7）271（27.7）268（28.2）344（32.8）258（30.5）279（29.8）
高中及以上107（10.9）112（10.9）153（13.8）162（16.2）153（15.4）179（17.6）160（16.4）176（18.5）253（24.1）244（28.9）273（29.1）
), ArticleFig(id=1324070951335371378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1991—2023年贵州省成年居民人群分布特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征19911993199720002004200620092011201520182023
性别
男495（50.3）499（48.7）574（51.6）517（51.7）488（49.1）486（47.8）476（48.7）458（48.2）495（47.2）383（45.3）412（44.0）
女489（49.7）526（51.3）539（48.4）484（48.4）506（50.9）530（52.2）501（51.3）493（51.8）554（52.8）462（54.7）525（56.0）
年龄（岁）
18~59841（85.5）876（85.5）914（82.1）810（80.9)739（74.4）719（70.8）637（65.2）606（63.7）648（61.8）497（58.8）630（67.2）
≥60143（14.5）149（14.5）199（17.9）191（19.1）255（25.7）297（29.2）340（34.8）345（36.3）401（38.2）348（41.2）307（32.8）
城乡
农村666（67.7）731（71.3）767（68.9）704（70.3）693（69.7）693（68.2）689（70.5）650（68.4）736（70.2）564（66.8）671（71.6）
城市318（32.3）294（28.7）346（31.1）297（29.7）301（30.3）323（31.8）288（29.5）301（31.7）313（29.8）281（33.3）266（28.4）
文化程度
小学及以下657（66.8）652（63.6）673（60.5）558（55.7）580（58.4）566（55.7）546（55.9）507（53.3）452（43.1）343（40.6）385（41.1）
初中220（22.4）261（25.5）287（25.8）281（28.1）261（26.3）271（26.7）271（27.7）268（28.2）344（32.8）258（30.5）279（29.8）
高中及以上107（10.9）112（10.9）153（13.8）162（16.2）153（15.4）179（17.6）160（16.4）176（18.5）253（24.1）244（28.9）273（29.1）
), ArticleFig(id=1324070952996315763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Standardized scoring coefficients for various types of food

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物种类聚类1聚类2聚类3聚类4聚类5聚类6
谷类0.0000.5280.0000.0000.0000.000
薯类-0.4790.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
豆及豆制品0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.696
蔬菜0.0000.5030.0000.0000.0000.000
其他蔬菜0.0000.0000.0000.7010.0000.000
水果0.0000.0000.5650.0000.0000.000
坚果0.0000.0000.5100.0000.0000.000
猪肉0.5140.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
其他畜肉0.3870.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
内脏0.3900.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
禽肉0.0000.0000.0000.0000.6690.000
奶及奶制品0.000-0.3170.0000.0000.0000.000
蛋及蛋制品0.0000.0000.4710.0000.0000.000
水产品0.0000.0000.0000.0000.6690.000
油0.0000.0000.000-0.7010.0000.000
糖0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000-0.696
盐0.0000.2760.0000.0000.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953113756276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各类食物标准化评分系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物种类聚类1聚类2聚类3聚类4聚类5聚类6
谷类0.0000.5280.0000.0000.0000.000
薯类-0.4790.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
豆及豆制品0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.696
蔬菜0.0000.5030.0000.0000.0000.000
其他蔬菜0.0000.0000.0000.7010.0000.000
水果0.0000.0000.5650.0000.0000.000
坚果0.0000.0000.5100.0000.0000.000
猪肉0.5140.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
其他畜肉0.3870.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
内脏0.3900.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
禽肉0.0000.0000.0000.0000.6690.000
奶及奶制品0.000-0.3170.0000.0000.0000.000
蛋及蛋制品0.0000.0000.4710.0000.0000.000
水产品0.0000.0000.0000.0000.6690.000
油0.0000.0000.000-0.7010.0000.000
糖0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000-0.696
盐0.0000.2760.0000.0000.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953193448053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Main food intakes of adults in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2023 with different dietary patterns（ g/d, ）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物种类Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）F值P值
谷类375.8±158.1442.6±157.2454.9±178.8175.52<0.001
薯类25.3±39.022.1±35.961.9±120.6295.92<0.001
豆及豆制品19.2±23.623.0±25.528.2±36.088.70<0.001
蔬菜288.1±182.8324.0±161.0345.5±195.671.36<0.001
其他蔬菜1.9±11.43.6±16.73.4±25.88.00<0.001
水果76.6±125.913.8±42.44.6±19.4295.25<0.001
坚果7.2±29.44.7±18.51.2±6.443.71<0.001
猪肉117.6±92.2117.1±73.874.7±74.1217.17<0.001
其他畜肉26.7±46.013.6±33.62.6±10.9259.48<0.001
内脏1.3±5.659.2±46.60.4±2.8332.62<0.001
禽肉37.2±59.812.3±31.02.0±10.3332.50<0.001
奶及奶制品41.9±116.97.7±41.01.8±13.3106.65<0.001
蛋及蛋制品32.3±43.717.4±26.88.8±18.3261.16<0.001
水产品20.2±52.09.1±26.32.4±13.0113.80<0.001
油45.6±41.244.7±34.441.8±75.94.900.008
糖10.3±34.73.6±11.84.1±23.126.91<0.001
盐7.5±6.510.0±8.610.0±11.677.61<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953273139830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1991—2023年贵州省成年居民不同膳食模式的主要食物摄入量（g/d，）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物种类Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）F值P值
谷类375.8±158.1442.6±157.2454.9±178.8175.52<0.001
薯类25.3±39.022.1±35.961.9±120.6295.92<0.001
豆及豆制品19.2±23.623.0±25.528.2±36.088.70<0.001
蔬菜288.1±182.8324.0±161.0345.5±195.671.36<0.001
其他蔬菜1.9±11.43.6±16.73.4±25.88.00<0.001
水果76.6±125.913.8±42.44.6±19.4295.25<0.001
坚果7.2±29.44.7±18.51.2±6.443.71<0.001
猪肉117.6±92.2117.1±73.874.7±74.1217.17<0.001
其他畜肉26.7±46.013.6±33.62.6±10.9259.48<0.001
内脏1.3±5.659.2±46.60.4±2.8332.62<0.001
禽肉37.2±59.812.3±31.02.0±10.3332.50<0.001
奶及奶制品41.9±116.97.7±41.01.8±13.3106.65<0.001
蛋及蛋制品32.3±43.717.4±26.88.8±18.3261.16<0.001
水产品20.2±52.09.1±26.32.4±13.0113.80<0.001
油45.6±41.244.7±34.441.8±75.94.900.008
糖10.3±34.73.6±11.84.1±23.126.91<0.001
盐7.5±6.510.0±8.610.0±11.677.61<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953357025911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Nutrient intake of adults in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2023 according to different dietary patterns（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养素Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）F值P值
能量（kcal）2 271.6±774.42 584.1±765.42 317.9±802.326.73<0.001
蛋白质（g /d）74.4±27.784.4±27.864.4±24.1184.40<0.001
脂肪（g /d）100.3±51.997.7±43.975.6±49.1202.01<0.001
总膳食纤维（g /d）14.3±17.313.6±10.613.9±13.40.680.508
碳水化合物（g /d）258.4±106.1327.7±125.6336.3±145.9345.39<0.001
灰分（g /d）20.8±10.924.5±12.322.3±15.321.07<0.001
胡萝卜素（μg /d）2 725.4±3 242.63 206.9±3 446.52 553.5±2 581.98.66<0.001
维生素A（μgRE/d）473.2±614.12 390.9±2 363.9410.8±429.3144.37<0.001
视黄醇RAE921.5±1 064.82 926.2±2 570.1833.6±818.8133.19<0.001
硫胺素（mg）1.0±0.51.2±0.61.0±0.419.42<0.001
核黄素（mg）0.9±0.41.5±0.80.7±0.3397.34<0.001
尼克酸（mg）18.6±7.723.1±9.015.4±5.5271.04<0.001
维生素 C（mg）77.4±57.486.3±60.289.3±66.429.58<0.001
维生素 E（mg）29.1±22.324.3±15.922.8±19.460.24<0.001
钾（mg）1 761.6±788.31 841.7±852.01 657.0±871.819.41<0.001
钠（mg）4 672.5±3 284.05 977.5±3 945.35 530.4±5 568.444.92<0.001
钙（mg）397.8±239.7400.1±285.4363.3±243.717.32<0.001
镁（mg）284.9±115.9344.7±138.0321.5±149.676.02<0.001
铁（mg）24.1±12.533.4±18.822.8±10.768.48<0.001
锰（mg）5.7±8.57.3±4.26.7±3.615.30<0.001
锌（mg）12.6±4.715.0±5.311.4±4.4129.46<0.001
铜（mg）1.8±1.02.4±1.02.1±1.490.93<0.001
磷（mg）1 036.9±363.91 195.1±413.3978.5±358.366.70<0.001
硒（μg）52.7±70.954.1±31.036.3±46.893.02<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953436717688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1991—2023年贵州省成年居民不同膳食模式的营养素摄入量（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
营养素Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）F值P值
能量（kcal）2 271.6±774.42 584.1±765.42 317.9±802.326.73<0.001
蛋白质（g /d）74.4±27.784.4±27.864.4±24.1184.40<0.001
脂肪（g /d）100.3±51.997.7±43.975.6±49.1202.01<0.001
总膳食纤维（g /d）14.3±17.313.6±10.613.9±13.40.680.508
碳水化合物（g /d）258.4±106.1327.7±125.6336.3±145.9345.39<0.001
灰分（g /d）20.8±10.924.5±12.322.3±15.321.07<0.001
胡萝卜素（μg /d）2 725.4±3 242.63 206.9±3 446.52 553.5±2 581.98.66<0.001
维生素A（μgRE/d）473.2±614.12 390.9±2 363.9410.8±429.3144.37<0.001
视黄醇RAE921.5±1 064.82 926.2±2 570.1833.6±818.8133.19<0.001
硫胺素（mg）1.0±0.51.2±0.61.0±0.419.42<0.001
核黄素（mg）0.9±0.41.5±0.80.7±0.3397.34<0.001
尼克酸（mg）18.6±7.723.1±9.015.4±5.5271.04<0.001
维生素 C（mg）77.4±57.486.3±60.289.3±66.429.58<0.001
维生素 E（mg）29.1±22.324.3±15.922.8±19.460.24<0.001
钾（mg）1 761.6±788.31 841.7±852.01 657.0±871.819.41<0.001
钠（mg）4 672.5±3 284.05 977.5±3 945.35 530.4±5 568.444.92<0.001
钙（mg）397.8±239.7400.1±285.4363.3±243.717.32<0.001
镁（mg）284.9±115.9344.7±138.0321.5±149.676.02<0.001
铁（mg）24.1±12.533.4±18.822.8±10.768.48<0.001
锰（mg）5.7±8.57.3±4.26.7±3.615.30<0.001
锌（mg）12.6±4.715.0±5.311.4±4.4129.46<0.001
铜（mg）1.8±1.02.4±1.02.1±1.490.93<0.001
磷（mg）1 036.9±363.91 195.1±413.3978.5±358.366.70<0.001
硒（μg）52.7±70.954.1±31.036.3±46.893.02<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953570935417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Dietary pattern composition ratios among adult residents with different characteristics in Guizhou Province, 2023（%）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）P值
性别0.97
男32.51.965.5
女33.02.165.0
年龄（岁）0.28
18~5934.81.963.3
≥6028.72.369.1
城乡<0.001
农村25.62.272.1
城市50.81.547.7
文化程度<0.001
小学及以下26.21.872.0
初中28.32.269.5
高中及以上46.52.251.3
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953663210106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2023年贵州省不同特征成年居民膳食模式构成比（%）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Ⅰ（优质蛋白模式）Ⅱ（混合模式）Ⅲ（植物性食物模式）P值
性别0.97
男32.51.965.5
女33.02.165.0
年龄（岁）0.28
18~5934.81.963.3
≥6028.72.369.1
城乡<0.001
农村25.62.272.1
城市50.81.547.7
文化程度<0.001
小学及以下26.21.872.0
初中28.32.269.5
高中及以上46.52.251.3
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953747096187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Trends in dietary patterns across different geographic groups in Guizhou Province, 1991-2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地域组膳食模式OR值95% CIP值
黔中城市经济圈优质蛋白模式1.0621.053~1.071<0.001
混合模式0.9640.947~0.981<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9560.949~0.964<0.001
黔东南少数民族聚居区优质蛋白模式1.0591.047~1.071<0.001
混合模式0.9500.927~0.973<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9600.950~0.970<0.001
黔北/黔西混合发展区优质蛋白模式1.0991.087~1.111<0.001
混合模式0.9580.941~0.975<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9430.935~0.952<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324070953847759484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070942485389887, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

1991—2023年贵州省不同地域组膳食模式变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地域组膳食模式OR值95% CIP值
黔中城市经济圈优质蛋白模式1.0621.053~1.071<0.001
混合模式0.9640.947~0.981<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9560.949~0.964<0.001
黔东南少数民族聚居区优质蛋白模式1.0591.047~1.071<0.001
混合模式0.9500.927~0.973<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9600.950~0.970<0.001
黔北/黔西混合发展区优质蛋白模式1.0991.087~1.111<0.001
混合模式0.9580.941~0.975<0.001
植物性食物模式0.9430.935~0.952<0.001
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1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况
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孙燕 , 彭江江 , 郭华 , 刘怡娅
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(24): 4488-4494
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2025 , 52 (24) : 4488 -4494
1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况
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孙燕, 彭江江, 郭华, 刘怡娅
作者信息
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心，贵州　贵阳　550004
通讯作者:
刘怡娅，E-mail：
作者简介:

孙燕（1997—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：人群营养与健康

Changes of dietary patterns of adult people, Guizhou, 1991-2023
Yan SUN, Jiang-jiang PENG, Hua GUO, Yi-ya LIU
Affiliations
  • Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501134
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摘要
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目的

分析1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况，为制定慢病防控和营养相关政策提供科学依据。

方法

调查数据源自于“中国健康与营养调查”项目，选取数据完整的研究对象10 892人。利用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法收集膳食数据，采用斜交主成分聚类分析筛选食物组，用K-均值聚类分析提取不同的膳食模式，方差分析检验不同膳食模式中主要食物和营养素摄入量的差异，Cochran-Armitage趋势检验法分析不同年份不同膳食模式人群比例变化趋势，采用多因素logistic回归模型检验调查年份与地域组的交互作用，运用卡方检验分析2023年不同特征贵州省成年居民三种膳食模式比例差异。

结果

贵州省成年居民膳食模式主要分为优质蛋白模式、植物性食物模式、混合模式三类。2023年城市居民优质蛋白模式人群比例高于农村居民，但植物性食物模式比例低于农村居民。随着文化程度的升高，优质蛋白模式人群比例也升高，而植物性食物模式的人群比例逐渐降低。1991—2023年贵州省成年居民主要以植物性食物模式为主，自1997年后，植物性食物模式比例逐渐下降，优质蛋白模式比例逐渐上升，2006年起优质蛋白模式比例大幅度增加，而植物性食物模式比例幅度减少。多因素logistic回归分析显示，调查年份与地域组对膳食模式存在显著交互作用（P<0.000 1），黔北/黔西混合发展区的优质蛋白模式人群比例上升速度最快（OR=1.099），植物性食物模式的人群比例下降速度最快（OR=0.943）。

结论

1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式较为合理的人群比例有所增加，但仍需加强营养健康膳食的宣传，促进平衡膳食模式的建立。

膳食模式  /  成年居民  /  变迁  /  营养素
Objective

To investigate the dietary patterns among adults in Guizhou Province over the period from 1991 to 2023 and to offer a scientific foundation for developing strategies related to chronic disease prevention and nutritional enhancement.

Methods

The survey data originated from the China Health and Nutrition Survey project, selecting 10 892 subjects with complete data. Dietary data were collected using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method. Oblique principal component cluster analysis was employed to screen food groups, while K-means cluster analysis was used to extract distinct dietary patterns. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine differences in the intake of major foods and nutrients across different dietary patterns. The Cochran-Armitage trend test analyzed changes in the proportion of individuals following different dietary patterns across years. A multivariable logistic regression model examined the interaction between survey year and geographic region. Chi-square tests assessed differences in the proportions of the three dietary patterns among adult residents in Guizhou Province with varying characteristics in 2023.

Results

Dietary patterns among adult residents in Guizhou Province are primarily categorized into three types: high-quality protein, plant-based foods, and mixed. In 2023, the proportion of urban residents following the high-quality protein pattern exceeded that of rural residents, while the proportion adhering to the plant-based foods pattern was lower than in rural areas. As educational attainment increases, the proportion of individuals following the high-quality protein pattern rises, whereas the proportion following the plant-based foods pattern gradually decreases. From 1991 to 2023, plant-based dietary patterns predominated among Guizhou’s adult residents. After 1997, the proportion following plant-based patterns gradually declined while the proportion adopting high-quality protein patterns gradually increased. Starting in 2006, the proportion following high-quality protein patterns rose significantly, while the proportion following plant-based patterns decreased substantially. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between survey year and geographic region for dietary patterns (P<0.000 1). The Northern/Western Guizhou Mixed Development Zone exhibited the fastest increase in the proportion of individuals following the high-quality protein pattern (OR=1.099) and the fastest decrease in the proportion following the plant-based food pattern (OR=0.943).

Conclusion

The proportion of people with more reasonable dietary patterns among adult residents of Guizhou Province increased from 1991 to 2023, but there is still a need to strengthen the publicity of nutritional and healthy diets and to promote the establishment of balanced dietary patterns.

Dietary patterns  /  Adult population  /  Changes  /  Nutrients
孙燕, 彭江江, 郭华, 刘怡娅. 1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁状况. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4488 -4494 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501134
Yan SUN, Jiang-jiang PENG, Hua GUO, Yi-ya LIU. Changes of dietary patterns of adult people, Guizhou, 1991-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4488 -4494 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501134
正文
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随着中国经济发展、社会进步和医疗服务质量的持续提升，居民的营养状况和健康水平也在逐渐增强，但高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢性疾病患病率依旧处于持续增长状态[1]。合理的膳食模式有助于预防和控制慢性疾病的发生发展以及提高人群整体营养健康水平[2]。膳食模式研究能够全面评估食物和营养素的综合效应，对膳食结构和特点进行整体性分析，从而更有效地深入研究膳食模式与人群健康之间的联系[3]。目前，针对贵州省成年居民膳食模式的评价研究较少，且多为横断面调查，缺少对当地居民膳食模式变化特征的探讨。因此，本研究旨在分析1991—2023年贵州省成年居民的膳食模式变迁状况，为疾病防控和营养相关政策的制定提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本研究的数据来源于中美合作项目“中国健康与营养调查”，该项目由中国疾病预防控制中心与美国北卡罗来纳大学共同开展。研究采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在贵州省贵阳市花溪区、黔东南州凯里市、毕节市七星关区、黔南州惠水县、清镇市、铜仁市印江县开展入户调查，具体样本量计算及抽样流程详见相关文献[4]。根据社会经济水平、民族特征将6个调查点分为黔中城市经济圈（贵阳市花溪区、清镇市）、黔东南少数民族聚居区（黔东南州凯里市）、黔北/黔西混合发展区（毕节市七星关区、黔南州惠水县、铜仁市印江县）三个地域。本研究选取1991—2023年贵州省成年居民，剔除孕妇乳母和异常的能量摄入者（其中男性>5 570 kcal，<760 kcal；女性>5 100 kcal，<680 kcal)，最终纳入数据完整的研究对象10 892人，其中1991年984人，1993年1 025人，1997年1 113人，2000年1 001人，2004年994人，2006年1 016人，2009年977人，2011年951人，2015年1 049人，2018年845人，2023年937人。项目已获得中国疾病预防控制中心营养健康所伦理委员会的审批（NO.2022-024），所有参与者在充分了解研究内容及方案的基础上，均签署了知情同意书。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　问卷调查
对调查户内所有家庭成员进行调查，内容包括性别、年龄、地区、文化程度等信息。
1.2.2　膳食调查及食物和营养素摄入量评估
采用连续3天的24小时膳食回顾法获取膳食信息，记录内容包括食物种类及其摄入量，同时通过家庭称重法统计食用油和调味品的使用情况。在调查开始前，对调查员进行统一培训并考核。所有调查点使用统一的调查表和统一的填写说明。膳食调查通过平板电脑录入，并通过标准食物图谱提高膳食估量准确性。参考《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》[5]将食物划分为17个类别，包括谷物、薯类、豆类及其制品、蔬菜、其他蔬菜、水果、坚果、猪肉、其他畜肉、动物内脏、禽肉、乳制品、蛋类及其制品、水产品、食用油、盐和糖等。基于食物摄入量数据，参照《中国食物成分表》计算每日能量及各类营养素的摄入量[6]。
1.3　统计学处理
采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。首先对膳食摄入量数据进行标准化转换，随后通过斜交主成分聚类法筛选食物类别，选取标准化评分系数超过0.01的食物组，并运用K-均值聚类法识别不同膳食模式。针对各膳食模式中主要食物及营养素的摄入差异，采用方差分析进行评估。同时，运用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析1991至2023年间各类膳食模式人群比例的变化趋势。为进一步探讨不同地域组膳食模式变迁的差异性，采用多因素logistic回归模型检验调查年份与地域组的交互作用，以调查年份为连续自变量，地域组为分类自变量，建立包含交互项的logistic回归模型，计算优势比（Odds Ratio, OR）及其95%置信区间。对于2023年贵州省成年居民的膳食模式分布特征，采用卡方检验比较不同人口学特征间的差异，并应用Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel法探讨文化程度的影响。检验水准α=0.05（双侧检验）。
2　结果
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2.1　基本情况
1991—2023年贵州省成年居民的性别、年龄、城乡在不同年份基本保持稳定，文化程度随年份的增加而逐步提升。见表1。
2.2　膳食模式食物成分的筛选
标准化评分系数反映了各食物组对相应聚类的相对重要性和贡献程度。其绝对值大小表示食物组与聚类的关联紧密程度，绝对值越大，关联越紧密。斜交主成分结果显示，所有食物类均可作为膳食模式聚类分析的食物变量。见表2。
2.3　贵州省成年居民主要食物摄入量情况
不同聚类的分析的的伪F统计量（Pseudo F）和立方聚类准则（ cubic clustering criterion，CCC）如图1所示，Pseudo F在分类3、5、8达到峰值，CCC在3、12达到峰值。综合考虑最终选择聚类3类。
因此，贵州省成年居民膳食模式可以分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类。选取膳食模式中食物摄入量较其他两组较高的食物结合该膳食模式组成综合命名。组间比较结果显示，膳食模式Ⅰ中猪肉、禽肉、其它畜肉、奶及奶制品、蛋及蛋制品、水产品、水果、坚果、糖摄入量在三组中最高，定义为优质蛋白模式；膳食模式Ⅱ中内脏的摄入量最高，谷类、豆及豆制品、蔬菜和猪肉摄入量较高，定义为混合模式；膳食模式Ⅲ中谷类、薯类、蔬菜、豆及豆制品的摄入量最高，定义为植物性食物模式。见表3。
2.4　贵州省成年居民宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量情况
如表4所示，三种膳食模式的营养成分呈现显著差异。其中，优质蛋白模式在脂肪、总膳食纤维和维生素E的含量上占据优势，钾、钙、铁、磷、硒含量也较为丰富；混合模式富含多种营养素，包括蛋白质、视黄醇、灰分、核黄素、维生素A、硫胺素、尼克酸、胡萝卜素以及多种矿物质；相比之下，植物性食物模式在碳水化合物和维生素C的含量上较为突出。
2.5　2023年不同特征人群膳食模式
如表5所示，2023年我省城市成年居民优质蛋白模式比例显著高于农村居民，而植物性食物模式又显著低于农村居民。随着文化程度的提升优质蛋白模式的比例随之提升，植物性食物模式的比例随之下降。
2.6　1991—2023年贵州省不同地域成年居民膳食模式变迁
多因素logistic回归分析显示，调查年份与地域组对膳食模式存在显著交互作用（P<0.0001），表明不同地区的膳食模式变迁速度存在统计学差异。具体而言，在优质蛋白模式方面，虽然所有地区均呈显著上升趋势，但黔北/黔西混合发展区的上升速度最快（OR=1.099），显著快于黔中城市经济圈（OR=1.062，交互项P=0.028）和黔东南少数民族聚居区（OR=1.059，交互项P=0.038）。相应地，植物性食物模式的下降速度也以黔北/黔西混合发展区最为显著（OR=0.943），黔中城市经济圈（OR=0.956）和黔东南少数民族聚居区（OR=0.960）下降相对较慢，且与参照组（黔北/黔西混合发展区）的差异具有统计学意义。混合模式在各地区均呈下降趋势，但地域组间无显著差异。见表6。
2.7　1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式变迁
Cochran-Armitage趋势检验结果显示，1991—2023年贵州省成年居民膳食模式以植物性食物模式为主，2006年以前占比平均为80%以上，整体呈下降趋势（P<0.001）。优质蛋白模式在1991—2023年间整体呈上升趋势（P<0.001），2000年以前，部分居民在优质蛋白模式与混合模式间相互转换，之后混合模式的人群比例逐渐下降，优质蛋白模式的人群比例逐渐上升。混合模式在1991—2023年总体呈下降趋势（P<0.001），2023年相较1991年下降了3.5个百分点。见图2。
3　讨论
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1991年至2023年间，贵州省成年居民的膳食模式主要呈现三种类型：优质蛋白模式、混合模式和植物性食物模式三类。在这三种模式中，植物性食物模式的普及率最高，达到了80%左右。这种模式以谷物、薯类、豆类及其制品和蔬菜为核心，能够提供丰富的碳水化合物和维生素C，其中碳水化合物主要来自谷物和薯类[7]，这与我国传统的东方饮食结构相吻合。然而，这种模式下禽肉、动物内脏、蛋制品和奶制品的摄入量较低，反映出其过于依赖精制米面，缺乏优质蛋白质[8]。三种膳食模式中，混合模式动物内脏占比最高，谷类、豆及豆制品、蔬菜和猪肉含量也较为丰富，因此营养素组成多样。虽然该模式蛋白质含量较高，但缺少优质蛋白质来源的食物。优质蛋白模式则食物种类较为丰富，是一种相对均衡的饮食模式，包括水产品、蛋及蛋制品、奶及奶制品、猪肉、禽肉、水果、坚果等，但由于优质蛋白主要来源于动物性食物，因此这种模式的脂肪和维生素E摄入量较高，建议优先选择水产品和豆制品作为优质蛋白的主要来源。总的来说，建议增加饮食的多样性，优先选择全谷物作为主食，增加蔬菜、水果、奶制品和大豆制品的摄入量，适量食用禽肉和蛋类[5]。
在贵州省成年居民的三种饮食模式中，植物性食物模式长期占据主导地位，但自2006年起其比例显著下降。与此同时，优质蛋白模式从2000年开始逐步上升，并在2006年出现大幅增长。这一变化可能与我国相关政策实施密切相关[9-10]。 《中国食物与营养发展纲要（2001—2010年）》和《全国奶业发展规划（2009—2013年）》均提出了多项措施，旨在推动蛋类、奶类及大豆产业的发展，促进产业复苏与振兴。此外，《中国居民膳食指南》强调增加鱼、禽、蛋、奶的摄入，倡导饮食多样化，鼓励多食用奶制品并保证水产品的摄入量。同时，“全民营养周”活动的开展也对提升公众营养健康意识、培养健康生活方式以及营造良好的饮食文化氛围起到了积极作用。
2000年前优质蛋白模式人群占比一直较低，随后逐渐升高，这可能也与文化程度逐渐提升有关。随着文化程度的提升，优质蛋白模式的比例也逐渐升高，且城市居民的优质蛋白模式比例高于农村。这可能是由于城市居民更容易接触到相关的营养健康知识，获取营养膳食的渠道更广泛，且随着社会的经济发展，居民的购买力增强[11]，现代商品体系也为城市居民购买食物提供了便利[12]。而文化程度较高的人群更加注重食物及烹饪方式的选择，较早关注食物及营养素的合理搭配[13]。
本研究亚组分析发现，贵州省膳食模式变迁存在明显的地域差异，体现了贵州省内不同地区文化传统、经济发展和地理环境的交互作用。具体而言，黔北/黔西混合发展区的优质蛋白模式上升趋势最为明显，高于黔中城市经济圈和黔东南少数民族聚居区。这种差异可能源于不同地区的经济发展路径和文化背景的不同。黔北/黔西混合发展区膳食结构的快速转型，呈现出向以动物性食物和奶制品消费较高的“准西方膳食模式”靠拢的趋势，相比之下，黔东南少数民族聚居区则可能更多地保留了以植物性食物为主的“准南方膳食模式”特点[14]。黔东南少数民族聚居区作为少数民族集中居住的区域，拥有独特的饮食文化和传统饮食习惯，可能对膳食模式的变迁产生了一定的“缓冲”作用，使得传统植物性食物模式的下降速度相对较慢。这一发现与冯丽等人的研究结果相呼应，他们的调查发现贵州省不同地区、不同民族居民的主食选择和摄入频次存在显著差异[15]。少数民族地区居民对传统食物的保留程度较高，对新型膳食模式的接受可能较为渐进。黔中城市经济圈作为经济发达区域，居民的膳食模式变化可能已进入相对稳定阶段，因此增长幅度相对较小[16]。因此，未来的营养干预策略应更具针对性，对于快速转型的黔北/黔西地区，需在改善膳食的同时前置营养教育，防范结构失衡；而对于黔东南地区，重点则应优化膳食结构，倡导在优质蛋白摄入基础上，保持膳食多样性与均衡。
本研究为大型开放性队列研究，有利于分析膳食模式的变迁过程，但由于调查人群未包含贵州所有市州，结果的延展性有一定局限。其次，聚类分析法对膳食模式的划分和存在一定主观性，只能在一定程度上体现贵州省成年居民的膳食模式变迁。最后，本研究虽进行了亚组分析，但由于部分亚组样本量有限，未能进行更细致的划分，未来研究可进一步扩大样本进行深入探讨。
综上所述，贵州省成年居民膳食模式趋于合理，即优质蛋白模式比例逐渐提升。不同地域的居民膳食模式变化趋势存在差异。文化程度的提高有利于提高优质蛋白模式的人群比例。植物性食物模式作为贵州省成年居民主要膳食模式，水产品、奶制品、豆类和蛋类摄入不足的风险，仍需进一步改善。因此，应持续广泛开展营养健康教育，针对贵州省居民膳食模式存在的问题，制定针对性的、地域性的改善措施，促进居民增加水果、奶类和蛋类的摄入,减少精制米面摄入,优先选择水产品和禽肉作为优质蛋白的来源，做到平衡膳食。
基金
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  • 国家财政项目(13103110700015005)
  • 中国健康与营养调查项目(R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700)
  • 贵州省卫生健康委省级重点建设学科项目
  • 西南地区重点优势学科项目
文献
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501134
  • 接收时间：2025-01-08
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-08
基金
国家财政项目(13103110700015005)
中国健康与营养调查项目(R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700)
贵州省卫生健康委省级重点建设学科项目
西南地区重点优势学科项目
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    贵州省疾病预防控制中心，贵州　贵阳　550004

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刘怡娅，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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