Article(id=1324051148319097837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601300, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768838400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607993440, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607993440, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607993440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607993440, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1975, endPage=1980, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324051149191513071, articleId=1324051148319097837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Establishment and validation of a predictive model for circadian rhythm syndrome in occupational populations, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Circadian rhythm syndrome (CircS) is an emerging syndrome integrating metabolic disorders, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms, which is highly prevalent among occupationally exposed populations such as those working in shifts. This study aims to construct and validate a CircS risk prediction model suitable for occupational populations, providing a quantitative tool for its early identification.

Methods

Based on three rounds of follow-up data (from 2021 to 2025) from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort, 26 693 employees without CircS at baseline were included. The population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Predictive factors were screened from 35 candidate factors (demographic, behavioral, psychological, and clinical indicators) using Lasso-Cox regression, and a nomogram was constructed. The model’s discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), calibration, and other metrics were evaluated.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 4 years, a total of 5 540 cases (20.76%) of new-onset CircS occurred. The final model incorporated 14 predictive factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, uric acid, fatty liver, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, and well-being. The model demonstrated good predictive performance in the validation set, with an AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.758-0.784) for the nomogram total score, outperforming risk prediction models based solely on demographic factors (AUC=0.590) or behavioral and psychological factors (AUC=0.602). The calibration curve showed a high degree of consistency between predicted and actual risks. After grouping the nomogram total score according to quartiles, the incidence risk in the highest risk group (Q4) was 16.00 times higher than that in the lowest risk group (Q1) (HR=16.00, 95% CI: 12.54-20.42).

Conclusion

This study constructed and validated a nomogram model integrating multidimensional indicators to predict the risk of CircS, demonstrating good performance and providing a scientific basis for achieving precise prevention and graded management of CircS.

, authors=Yu-qi HU1, Li DU2, Xiao-li LIU1, Xian SU3, Hong-mei XIE1, Yan-qiu WU2, Yong-yan WU3, Xue-mei WEI4, Xi-ru WANG5, Shu-juan YANG5, 6, Bin YU5, 6, authorsList=Yu-qi HU, Li DU, Xiao-li LIU, Xian SU, Hong-mei XIE, Yan-qiu WU, Yong-yan WU, Xue-mei WEI, Xi-ru WANG, Shu-juan YANG, Bin YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324051153062855674, articleId=1324051148319097837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=职业人群昼夜节律综合征预测模型的建立与验证, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

昼夜节律综合征(circadian syndrome,CircS)是整合代谢紊乱、睡眠障碍与抑郁症状的新兴综合征,在轮班等职业暴露人群中高发。本研究旨在构建并验证一个适用于职业人群的CircS发病风险预测模型,为早期识别提供量化工具。

方法

基于西南职业人群队列2021—2025年的三轮随访数据,纳入基线未患CircS的26 693名职工。将人群按7:3随机分为训练集与验证集,通过Lasso-Cox回归从35项候选因子(涉及人口学特征、行为心理、临床指标多维度)中筛选预测因素,并构建列线图。评估模型的区分度[受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)]、校准度等。

结果

中位随访4年期间,共5 540例(20.76%)新发CircS。最终模型整合了14个预测因素,包括年龄、身体质量指数、糖化血红蛋白、白细胞计数、尿酸、脂肪肝、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠质量及幸福感等。该模型在验证集中表现出良好的预测性能,列线图总分的AUC为0.771(95% CI:0.758~0.784),优于仅基于人口学(AUC=0.590)或行为心理因素(AUC=0.602)构建的风险预测模型。校准曲线显示预测风险与实际风险高度一致。将Nomogram总分按四分位数分组后,最高风险组(Q4)的发病风险是最低风险组(Q1)的16.00倍(HR=16.00,95% CI:12.54~20.42)。

结论

本研究构建并验证了一个整合多维度指标的CircS发病风险预测列线图模型,性能良好,有望为实现CircS的精准预防和分级管理提供科学依据。

, authors=胡玉麒1, 杜丽2, 刘晓丽1, 苏娴3, 谢红梅1, 吴彦秋2, 吴永艳3, 魏雪梅4, 王熙汝5, 杨淑娟5, 6, 余彬5, 6, authorsList=胡玉麒, 杜丽, 刘晓丽, 苏娴, 谢红梅, 吴彦秋, 吴永艳, 魏雪梅, 王熙汝, 杨淑娟, 余彬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=余彬, authorNote=

胡玉麒(1989—),男,本科,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病防控、心理健康促进

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余彬,E-mail:
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Front Public Health, 2025, 13: 1494583., articleTitle=Exploring predictors of insomnia severity in shift workers using machine learning model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324051169676492899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=119, issue=null, pageStart=210, pageEnd=213, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Liang HX, Zheng JQ, Sun YK, journalName=Sleep Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang HX, Zheng JQ, Sun YK. Prevalence and risk factors associated with circadian syndrome in community-dwelling middle-aged to older adults: Based on health ecology model[J]. Sleep Medicine, 2024, 119: 210-213., articleTitle=Prevalence and risk factors associated with circadian syndrome in community-dwelling middle-aged to older adults: Based on health ecology model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324051166761451603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, awardId=Q2024Z004, language=CN, fundingSource=中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(Q2024Z004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324051154186929147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051154199512060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051154186929147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051154224677885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051154186929147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051155894010880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051155902398464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051155894010880, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司重庆疾病预防控制所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051155990478849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051156279885826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051155990478849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司贵阳疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051156359577603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051156367966212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051156359577603, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.成都铁路卫生监督所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051156707704837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051156716093446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051156707704837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051156783202311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051156791590920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, companyId=1324051156783202311, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324051165989699659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Identification of predictive factors for CircS incidence using Lasso regression and construction of the nomogram, figureFileSmall=N2F8GmuG2uiRjhqkis6LaA==, figureFileBig=jyhIRI1QWRkiyfbZH2mtVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051166056808524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于Lasso回归筛选CircS发病预测因素及列线图构建

注:A为Lasso回归系数路径图;B为交叉验证误差图;C为CircS发病风险预测因素的列线图。

, figureFileSmall=N2F8GmuG2uiRjhqkis6LaA==, figureFileBig=jyhIRI1QWRkiyfbZH2mtVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051166224580685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Performance evaluation of the predictive model based on the nomogram and quartile survival curves, figureFileSmall=mCd7MsiVMY65F0lFDAgj5g==, figureFileBig=KVrNTCUoFuqFyqQ7pqOHoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051166291689550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于列线图的预测模型性能评估及四分位数生存曲线

注:A为训练集人群列线图总分分布;B为验证集人群列线图总分分布;C为受试者特征工作曲线;D为预测4年时CircS事件发生的校准曲线;E为训练集4年生存曲线;F为验证集4年生存曲线。

, figureFileSmall=mCd7MsiVMY65F0lFDAgj5g==, figureFileBig=KVrNTCUoFuqFyqQ7pqOHoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051166354604111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics of study participants [(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量特征总体(n=26 693)未患病(n=21 153)新发患病(n=5 540)t或χ2值P值
年龄(岁)35.80±10.3435.15±10.2138.31±10.4820.09<0.001
身高(cm)168.07±7.04167.86±7.06168.87±6.899.67<0.001
体重(kg)66.49±10.9364.73±10.2073.19±11.0351.59<0.001
性别220.0<0.001
男21 504(80.56)16 652(78.72)4 852(87.58)
女5 189(19.44)4 501(21.28)688(12.42)
民族19.25<0.001
汉族24 820(92.98)19 743(93.33)5 077(91.64)
少数民族1 873(7.02)1 410(6.67)463(8.36)
婚姻156.70<0.001
未婚7 610(28.51)6 389(30.20)1 221(22.04)
已婚/同居17 714(66.36)13 758(65.04)3 956(71.41)
丧偶/离异/分居1 369(5.13)1 006(4.76)363(6.55)
收入(元)15.82<0.001
<6 0009 621(36.04)7 573(35.80)2 048(36.97)
6 000~9 99911 828(44.31)9 320(44.06)2 508(45.27)
≥10 0005 244(19.65)4 260(20.14)984(17.76)
文化程度318.60<0.001
初中/高中及以下7 296(27.33)5 275(24.94)2 021(36.48)
大专12 552(47.02)10 142(47.95)2 410(43.50)
本科及以上6 845(25.64)5 736(27.12)1 109(20.02)
工作规律13.63<0.001
没有规律12 018(45.02)9 402(44.45)2 616(47.22)
有规律14 675(54.98)11 751(55.55)2 924(52.78)
工作岗位45.36<0.001
作业工人7 559(28.32)6 081(28.75)1 478(26.68)
服务人员10 942(40.99)8 644(40.86)2 298(41.48)
技术人员5 545(20.77)4 280(20.24)1 265(22.83)
后勤管理人员1 756(6.58)1 467(6.94)289(5.22)
管理人员891(3.34)681(3.21)210(3.79)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051166463656016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象人口学特征[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量特征总体(n=26 693)未患病(n=21 153)新发患病(n=5 540)t或χ2值P值
年龄(岁)35.80±10.3435.15±10.2138.31±10.4820.09<0.001
身高(cm)168.07±7.04167.86±7.06168.87±6.899.67<0.001
体重(kg)66.49±10.9364.73±10.2073.19±11.0351.59<0.001
性别220.0<0.001
男21 504(80.56)16 652(78.72)4 852(87.58)
女5 189(19.44)4 501(21.28)688(12.42)
民族19.25<0.001
汉族24 820(92.98)19 743(93.33)5 077(91.64)
少数民族1 873(7.02)1 410(6.67)463(8.36)
婚姻156.70<0.001
未婚7 610(28.51)6 389(30.20)1 221(22.04)
已婚/同居17 714(66.36)13 758(65.04)3 956(71.41)
丧偶/离异/分居1 369(5.13)1 006(4.76)363(6.55)
收入(元)15.82<0.001
<6 0009 621(36.04)7 573(35.80)2 048(36.97)
6 000~9 99911 828(44.31)9 320(44.06)2 508(45.27)
≥10 0005 244(19.65)4 260(20.14)984(17.76)
文化程度318.60<0.001
初中/高中及以下7 296(27.33)5 275(24.94)2 021(36.48)
大专12 552(47.02)10 142(47.95)2 410(43.50)
本科及以上6 845(25.64)5 736(27.12)1 109(20.02)
工作规律13.63<0.001
没有规律12 018(45.02)9 402(44.45)2 616(47.22)
有规律14 675(54.98)11 751(55.55)2 924(52.78)
工作岗位45.36<0.001
作业工人7 559(28.32)6 081(28.75)1 478(26.68)
服务人员10 942(40.99)8 644(40.86)2 298(41.48)
技术人员5 545(20.77)4 280(20.24)1 265(22.83)
后勤管理人员1 756(6.58)1 467(6.94)289(5.22)
管理人员891(3.34)681(3.21)210(3.79)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051166547542097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of 14 predictive factors used for survival outcome prediction in the nomogram

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测因素列线图中的得分(权重)
年龄(岁)0.258 × age -3.867
婚姻状况
未婚0.000
已婚/同居0.525
丧偶/离异/分居3.744
吸烟状况
不吸烟/已戒烟0.000
吸烟1.600
饮酒状况
不饮酒/已戒酒0.000
饮酒1.172
膳食得分-0.118 ×膳食得分+ 4.253
睡眠质量得分0.549 ×睡眠质量得分
幸福感得分-0.108×幸福感得分+6.457
糖化血红蛋白(%)2.142×糖化血红蛋白-4.284
低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L)1.003 ×低密度脂蛋白
血红蛋白(g/L)0.08 ×血红蛋白-3.214
白细胞计数(103/μl)1.031 × 白细胞计数
身体质量指数2.222 ×身体质量指数+ -22.222
尿酸(μmol/L)0.018 ×尿酸
脂肪肝
无0.000
有6.769
总分所有指标得分之和
), ArticleFig(id=1324051166635622482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051148319097837, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

列线图中用于预测生存结局的14个预测因素得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测因素列线图中的得分(权重)
年龄(岁)0.258 × age -3.867
婚姻状况
未婚0.000
已婚/同居0.525
丧偶/离异/分居3.744
吸烟状况
不吸烟/已戒烟0.000
吸烟1.600
饮酒状况
不饮酒/已戒酒0.000
饮酒1.172
膳食得分-0.118 ×膳食得分+ 4.253
睡眠质量得分0.549 ×睡眠质量得分
幸福感得分-0.108×幸福感得分+6.457
糖化血红蛋白(%)2.142×糖化血红蛋白-4.284
低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L)1.003 ×低密度脂蛋白
血红蛋白(g/L)0.08 ×血红蛋白-3.214
白细胞计数(103/μl)1.031 × 白细胞计数
身体质量指数2.222 ×身体质量指数+ -22.222
尿酸(μmol/L)0.018 ×尿酸
脂肪肝
无0.000
有6.769
总分所有指标得分之和
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职业人群昼夜节律综合征预测模型的建立与验证
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胡玉麒 1 , 杜丽 2 , 刘晓丽 1 , 苏娴 3 , 谢红梅 1 , 吴彦秋 2 , 吴永艳 3 , 魏雪梅 4 , 王熙汝 5 , 杨淑娟 5, 6 , 余彬 5, 6
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(11): 1975-1980
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (11) : 1975 -1980
职业人群昼夜节律综合征预测模型的建立与验证
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胡玉麒1, 杜丽2, 刘晓丽1, 苏娴3, 谢红梅1, 吴彦秋2, 吴永艳3, 魏雪梅4, 王熙汝5, 杨淑娟5, 6, 余彬5, 6
作者信息
  • 1.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610081
  • 2.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司重庆疾病预防控制所
  • 3.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司贵阳疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.成都铁路卫生监督所
  • 5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 6.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
余彬,E-mail:
作者简介:

胡玉麒(1989—),男,本科,主管医师,研究方向:慢性病防控、心理健康促进

Establishment and validation of a predictive model for circadian rhythm syndrome in occupational populations
Yu-qi HU1, Li DU2, Xiao-li LIU1, Xian SU3, Hong-mei XIE1, Yan-qiu WU2, Yong-yan WU3, Xue-mei WEI4, Xi-ru WANG5, Shu-juan YANG5, 6, Bin YU5, 6
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601300
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目的

昼夜节律综合征(circadian syndrome,CircS)是整合代谢紊乱、睡眠障碍与抑郁症状的新兴综合征,在轮班等职业暴露人群中高发。本研究旨在构建并验证一个适用于职业人群的CircS发病风险预测模型,为早期识别提供量化工具。

方法

基于西南职业人群队列2021—2025年的三轮随访数据,纳入基线未患CircS的26 693名职工。将人群按7:3随机分为训练集与验证集,通过Lasso-Cox回归从35项候选因子(涉及人口学特征、行为心理、临床指标多维度)中筛选预测因素,并构建列线图。评估模型的区分度[受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)]、校准度等。

结果

中位随访4年期间,共5 540例(20.76%)新发CircS。最终模型整合了14个预测因素,包括年龄、身体质量指数、糖化血红蛋白、白细胞计数、尿酸、脂肪肝、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠质量及幸福感等。该模型在验证集中表现出良好的预测性能,列线图总分的AUC为0.771(95% CI:0.758~0.784),优于仅基于人口学(AUC=0.590)或行为心理因素(AUC=0.602)构建的风险预测模型。校准曲线显示预测风险与实际风险高度一致。将Nomogram总分按四分位数分组后,最高风险组(Q4)的发病风险是最低风险组(Q1)的16.00倍(HR=16.00,95% CI:12.54~20.42)。

结论

本研究构建并验证了一个整合多维度指标的CircS发病风险预测列线图模型,性能良好,有望为实现CircS的精准预防和分级管理提供科学依据。

昼夜节律综合征  /  CircS  /  风险预测模型  /  列线图
Objective

Circadian rhythm syndrome (CircS) is an emerging syndrome integrating metabolic disorders, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms, which is highly prevalent among occupationally exposed populations such as those working in shifts. This study aims to construct and validate a CircS risk prediction model suitable for occupational populations, providing a quantitative tool for its early identification.

Methods

Based on three rounds of follow-up data (from 2021 to 2025) from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort, 26 693 employees without CircS at baseline were included. The population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Predictive factors were screened from 35 candidate factors (demographic, behavioral, psychological, and clinical indicators) using Lasso-Cox regression, and a nomogram was constructed. The model’s discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), calibration, and other metrics were evaluated.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 4 years, a total of 5 540 cases (20.76%) of new-onset CircS occurred. The final model incorporated 14 predictive factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, uric acid, fatty liver, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, and well-being. The model demonstrated good predictive performance in the validation set, with an AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.758-0.784) for the nomogram total score, outperforming risk prediction models based solely on demographic factors (AUC=0.590) or behavioral and psychological factors (AUC=0.602). The calibration curve showed a high degree of consistency between predicted and actual risks. After grouping the nomogram total score according to quartiles, the incidence risk in the highest risk group (Q4) was 16.00 times higher than that in the lowest risk group (Q1) (HR=16.00, 95% CI: 12.54-20.42).

Conclusion

This study constructed and validated a nomogram model integrating multidimensional indicators to predict the risk of CircS, demonstrating good performance and providing a scientific basis for achieving precise prevention and graded management of CircS.

Circadian rhythm syndrome  /  CircS  /  Risk prediction model  /  Nomogram
胡玉麒, 杜丽, 刘晓丽, 苏娴, 谢红梅, 吴彦秋, 吴永艳, 魏雪梅, 王熙汝, 杨淑娟, 余彬. 职业人群昼夜节律综合征预测模型的建立与验证. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1975 -1980 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601300
Yu-qi HU, Li DU, Xiao-li LIU, Xian SU, Hong-mei XIE, Yan-qiu WU, Yong-yan WU, Xue-mei WEI, Xi-ru WANG, Shu-juan YANG, Bin YU. Establishment and validation of a predictive model for circadian rhythm syndrome in occupational populations[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1975 -1980 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601300
昼夜节律系统是人类身体关键组织(如心脏、肌肉等)新陈代谢的主要调节器,其紊乱会对人类健康产生深远影响。随着现代社会生活方式的变迁,轮班工作、夜间光照暴露、不规律作息等普遍存在,导致个体内在生物钟与外部环境严重失调。在不良生活方式的叠加下,糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病等代谢性疾病发病率持续攀升,以睡眠障碍、代谢性疾病、抑郁为核心特征的“昼夜节律综合征(circadian syndrome,CircS)”已成为当代职业人群新的健康问题。前期在平均年龄为36岁的西南职业人群队列中发现,CircS的患病率为16.7%[1]。基于美国国家健康与营养调查数据的研究进一步表明,CircS患者在未来7.4年内全因死亡和心脏病发病风险将分别增加34%和65%,显著高于代谢综合征导致的全因死亡风险增幅[2-3]。然而,目前国内外尚未检索到CircS的预测模型研究。因此,在职业人群中构建CircS的风险预测模型,早期识别CircS并采取有效干预措施,不仅有助于降低心脑血管疾病发病率,还有利于保障劳动者健康与生产安全,对促进公共卫生水平提升、实现健康工作与可持续社会发展具有重要现实意义。
本研究依托2021年建立的西南地区职业人群健康队列开展[1],覆盖四川省、贵州省共28个地级市以及重庆市33个区(县),该队列基于西南地区覆盖三省的某大型国有企业的在岗职工共计119 780人,共涵盖了我国《职业分类大点》中的128种小类,如技术人员、服务人员、作业工人、医师、检验试验人员、管理人员等。采用按身份证号系统随机抽样的方法,从中抽取39 926名职工作为调查样本,通过企业统一线上平台发放电子问卷。调查于2021年10月1日—12月31日进行,为控制问卷质量,在问卷不同位置设置了3项常识性问题(如“中国的首都在哪里?”),据此用于排除随意作答者,并且排除重复填答及答题时间短于6 min者。经校验,最终确定31 105人构成基线人群,有效应答率为77.9%,受访者年龄为18~61岁。该队列于2023年5—6月、2025年10—12月分别完成两次随访调查,并在2021—2025年持续获取体检记录,从而形成包含三个时点的纵向健康数据库,用于后续分析。
本研究在通过四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院伦理委员会审查(批准文号:Gwll2021064;Gwll2023219;Gwll2025028)。所有研究对象均自愿参加,在参与调查前均签署了知情同意。
通过三轮问卷收集了生活行为方式、心理健康和睡眠质量等资料,并匹配2021—2025年全员健康体检数据,构建基线和随访数据库。
CircS诊断标准:本项目以CircS为结局指标。根据既往文献[4],以下7个特征中满足4个及以上即可诊断为CircS:(1)腰围:男性≥90 cm,女性≥80 cm;(2)甘油三酯≥150 mg/dl;(3)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C):男性<40 mg/dl,女性<50 mg/dl;(4)血压:收缩压≥130mm Hg、舒张压≥85 mm Hg或正在服用降压药物;(5)空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L或100 mg/dl或正在使用降糖药;(6)平均每晚睡眠时间<6h/d;(7)抑郁症状评分≥10分[5],即达到中度、中重度或重度抑郁程度。腰围测量采用髂嵴与第12肋下缘连线中点水平,非弹性软尺环绕、零压迫测读,呼气末读至0.1 cm,三次均值。血压值为静息状态下三次测量的平均值。空腹血糖、HDL-C和甘油三酯的检测基于至少禁食8 h后采集的静脉血样本。睡眠时间通过单一问题进行调查:“过去一个月内,您平均每晚实际睡眠多少小时?”抑郁评分采用《患者健康问卷-9》(PHQ-9)进行评估[5]。
本研究中的候选因子包括基线人口学特征、职业特征、生活方式、既往史、心理健康状态和体检信息等。
(1)人口学特征:年龄、性别(男、女)、民族、婚姻状况(已婚、未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他)、家庭月收入(<1 000元、1 000~5 999元、≥6 000元)、工种(作业工人、技术人员、后勤管理人员、服务人员、管理人员等)、工作规律(是、否)等。
(2)生活方式:吸烟状况(从来或几乎不抽烟、已经戒烟、正在吸烟)、饮酒状况(从来或几乎不饮酒、已经饮酒、正在饮酒)、DASH(dietary approaches to stop hypertension)膳食得分、体力活动水平(≥3 000 MET-min/周、600~2 999 MET-min/周、<600 MET-min/周)、睡眠质量。体力活动水平采用国际体力活动短量表评价,睡眠质量采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数进行评价。
(3)心理健康状况:焦虑症状评分、幸福感(健康福祉)评分、健康内隐性评分、孤独感评分。焦虑症状评分基于广泛性焦虑量表计算(generalized anxiety disorder scale,GAD-7)[6],幸福感评价采用了简版心理繁荣感和正负情绪量表(short scales of flourishing and positive and negative feelings)进行评价[7],健康内隐性评分采用健康内隐理论量表评价(lay theory of health measure)[8],孤独感采用孤独感短量表进行评价[9]。
(4)体检指标:人体测量学指标、血液学及腹部超声影像学指标。①人体测量学指标包括体重和身高,并计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI);②血液学指标包含血常规(红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血红蛋白、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、血小板计数)、血生化(总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、肝功能(谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶,并计算谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶比值)、血尿酸、糖化血红白蛋白、C-反应蛋白;③腹部超声检查用于诊断脂肪肝,其判定依据肝脏回声弥漫性增强等标准。
本研究基于三期纵向随访数据,以新发CircS为结局事件,构建发病风险预测模型。定量与定性资料分别以(均数±标准差)或中位数与四分位数及频数(百分比)描述,组间比较采用t检验或χ2检验。在训练集(70%)中,首先采用Lasso-Cox回归进行高维变量初筛。针对筛选出的核心纵向变量(如睡眠时间、生化检测指标),将其纳入Cox比例风险模型,构建最终预测模型,并利用rms包绘制列线图。模型性能在验证集(30%)中评估,包括:计算C-index以评估区分度;绘制校准曲线比较CircS随访发生事件概率预测值与实际值;采用bootstrap法(1 000次重复)进行内部验证。所有分析使用R语言(version 4.3.1)完成,检验水准α=0.05。
2021年基线调查的31 105人中,共有4 412人患有CircS(14.18%),CircS的检出率呈逐年上升趋势,2023年为16.09%,2025年进一步升至21.50%。去除基线患有CircS的研究对象,共26 693例未患有CircS的研究对象纳入研究,在2025年底新发CircS共5 540例(20.76%)。新发患病组的年龄、体重均显著高于未患病组(P<0.001)。在分类变量中,男性、少数民族、已婚/同居、工作不规律、技术和服务人员岗位的比例更高,而高收入(≥10 000元)与高学历(本科及以上)的比例则较低(均P<0.001)。见表1。
研究将26 693名未患病人群按7:3比例划分为训练集(18 662人)和验证集(8 031人)。候选因素包括人口学特征(8项)、行为心理因素(9项)和临床因素(18项)。在训练集中,以是否有CircS发病(1=发病,0=未发病)为生存结局,通过Lasso回归拟合Cox比例风险模型,对所有候选因子进行正则化处理。通过10折交叉验证,选择交叉验证误差最小的Lambda参数,确定具有非零回归系数的变量作为潜在的预测因素。最终筛选出年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、膳食得分、睡眠质量得分、幸福感得分、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、血红蛋白、白细胞计数、BMI、尿酸、脂肪肝等14个预测因素。所有预测因素将被纳入基于Cox回归模型构建的列线图中进行可视化。见图1A、B。
在训练集中,基于14个预测因素构建的列线图如图2所示。其中,BMI、糖化血红蛋白、白细胞计数等临床指标权重较大。见图1C。列线图中14个预测因素的得分(权重)见表2。
基于14项预测因素构建的列线图模型计算得到风险总分,训练集与验证集的平均分分别为(83.15±12.65)和(82.92±12.59)分,见图2A、B。模型在验证集中表现出良好的预测性能,列线图总分的AUC为0.771,优于单一人口学(AUC=0.590)或行为心理因素(AUC=0.602),且校准曲线显示预测概率与实际发生率基本一致,见图2C、D。按总分四分位分组后,随着分值升高,发病风险逐步增加。在训练集中,与Q1组相比,Q2、Q3、Q4组的HR分别为2.99、5.98、14.04(均P<0.001);验证集呈现相似趋势,Q4组HR达16.00,见表2。生存曲线进一步显示,Q4组的发病风险最高,训练集中,Q1组生存概率在第4年高达95.8%,而Q4组生存概率在第4年时只有75.7%;验证集呈现相似趋势,Q4组生存概率在第4年时已只有76.2%,见图2E、F。
本研究基于西南职业人群的五年随访数据,构建并验证了用于预测CircS发病风险的列线图模型。该模型整合了人口学、行为心理及临床指标共14个预测因素,在独立验证集中表现出良好的区分度(AUC=0.771)与校准度。这一综合模型显著优于仅基于单一维度的预测模型,可为职业健康管理中早期识别CircS高风险个体、实施针对性干预提供有效的量化工具。
在职业人群中,CircS作为一种整合代谢紊乱、睡眠障碍与抑郁症状的新兴综合征,其新发风险值得高度关注。本研究中,约20.76%的基线未患病者在4年随访期内新发CircS,反映了轮班、作息不规律等特定职业暴露的影响[1]。本模型在验证集中的AUC达到0.771,明显优于仅基于人口学特征(AUC=0.590)或行为心理因素(AUC=0.602)的预测效能。这一结果表明,与依赖单一维度指标相比,整合代谢、炎症、行为心理及社会多维度变量的预测模型能更有效地识别高危人群。其预测效能与近年来一些应用机器学习等方法,在大样本人群中探索代谢综合征预测模型的AUC结果相比,具有可比性(AUC=0.791~0.817)[10],表明该模型对CircS具有可靠的预测和识别能力,具有早期应用于疾病筛查和风险人群分层的潜力。
本研究筛选出的预测因素涵盖了代谢、炎症、生活方式及心理等多个维度的因素,该结果与与CircS的发生发展机制高度吻合[4]。其中,BMI、糖化血红蛋白、脂肪肝等代谢性指标权重较高,直接关联CircS发病风险。白细胞计数和尿酸水平作为系统性炎症与氧化应激的标志物,与代谢性疾病有密切关系[11-12],表明慢性低度炎症状态在CircS发生发展中的核心作用。值得注意的是,本模型纳入的吸烟、饮酒、睡眠质量及幸福感等行为心理因素,与一项基于同源队列的网络分析研究结论相互印证。该研究明确指出,焦虑是连接生活方式、心理、职业因素与CircS的“核心枢纽”与最强桥梁。这提示,焦虑等心理因素可能通过加剧睡眠障碍和生理应激,进而驱动代谢与昼夜节律紊乱,这也与对轮班工作者研究发现的焦虑与失眠严重程度关联密切的结论一致[13]。此外,本模型中“已婚/同居”状态是预后良好的预测因素,而“丧偶/离异/分居”状态则与更高的预测风险得分相关,表明缺少家庭支持会对躯体健康同样不良影响,该结果也与前期基于健康生态学模型研究发现社会隔离增加CircS风险的结论一致[14],反映了社会心理支持在维持昼夜节律稳定中的重要作用。这些因子共同构成了一个综合性风险预测模型,体现了CircS病因的复杂性。
本研究也存在如下局限性。第一,尽管该人群覆盖了包括司机、技术人员、后勤等多种职业,但其地理分布具特殊性,结论外推至国内其他区域时需谨慎,未来需要在更广泛的人群中进行外部验证。第二,部分行为心理因素依赖自我报告,可能存在测量偏倚。第三,模型未纳入如昼夜节律、光照暴露等更精细的变量。未来研究可通过纳入更客观的监测指标进行验证。第四,本研究中CircS的诊断采用睡眠时间<6 h作为评价睡眠的唯一标准,这可能对睡眠健康的评估存在一定局限性,未来研究可考虑纳入更全面的睡眠评估工具,从而提升CirS的更全面评价。
综上,本研究构建并验证了一个适用于职业人群的CircS发病风险预测列线图模型。该模型性能良好,实用性强,其整合的预测因素体系从多维度揭示了CircS,特别是焦虑等心理因素在其中的核心作用,可为实现CircS的早期预警、精准识别和分级管理提供科学依据。
  • 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(Q2024Z004)
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601300
  • 接收时间:2026-01-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20
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中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(Q2024Z004)
作者信息
    1.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610081
    2.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司重庆疾病预防控制所
    3.中国铁路成都局集团有限公司贵阳疾病预防控制中心
    4.成都铁路卫生监督所
    5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    6.主动健康与食品营养安全四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610041

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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