Article(id=1324051063610942365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507440, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753459200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607973243, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607973243, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607973243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607973243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2107, endPage=2112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324051063984235422, articleId=1324051063610942365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Exploration of the influence of the public health undergraduate talent training model on professional identity in local medical colleges and corresponding reform strategies, columnId=1240375111455404044, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Talent Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To optimize the undergraduate talent cultivation model for public health in local medical colleges and universities, so as to provide practical solutions for enhancing professional identity and cultivating application-oriented talents.

Methods

A survey was carried out among undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine from the 2018 to 2024 grades of our university, as well as public health service institutions and educational institutions. The influencing factors of students’ professional identity were analyzed, and the effect of the optimized talent cultivation model on improving professional identity was evaluated.

Results

Preventive medicine students with higher grades (P=0.013), non-first-choice majors (P=0.007), poor academic performance (P=0.018), low satisfaction with curriculum content arrangement (P=0.001), low satisfaction with teachers’ teaching quality (P=0.027), low satisfaction with the academic performance evaluation system (P=0.017), and low evaluation of salary (P=0.003) had a relatively low level of professional identity. A “Five-Dimension Integrated” training model for public health talents was constructed. Through the implementation of reforms such as optimizing talent training objectives, improving curriculum system design, enhancing teaching methods, perfecting the quality assessment system, and refining the continuous improvement mechanism, the overall average score of students’ professional identity increased to 3.35±0.65 points.

Conclusion

After the reform, the professional identity of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine reached a moderate level. The “Five-Dimension Integrated” public health talent training model is conducive to improving students’ professional identity.

, authors=Wei-feng ZHU1, 2, Huai-lan GUO1, Wen-wen WU1, Ying LIU1, authorsList=Wei-feng ZHU, Huai-lan GUO, Wen-wen WU, Ying LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324051064923759525, articleId=1324051063610942365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式对专业认同感的影响与改革探究, columnId=1311349869546144437, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生人才, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

优化地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式,为提升专业认同感,培育适用型人才提供实践方案。

方法

对我校2018—2024级预防医学专业本科生、公共卫生服务机构与教育机构进行调查,分析学生专业认同感影响因素,评价优化后的人才培养模式对专业认同感的提升效果。

结果

年级较高(P=0.013)、不是第一志愿(P=0.007)、学习成绩较差(P=0.018)、课程内容设置满意度低(P=0.001)、教师教学质量满意度低(P=0.027)、学习成绩评价体系满意度低(P=0.017)与工资评价低(P=0.003)的预防医学专业学生专业认同感处于较低水平,构建了“五维一体”公共卫生人才培养模式,通过实施优化人才培养目标、完善课程体系设计、改进教学方法、健全质量考核体系与完善持续改进机制等改革,学生专业认同感总平均分提升到(3.35±0.65)分。

结论

教改后预防医学专业本科生专业认同感达中等水平,“五维一体”公共卫生人才培养模式有助于提高学生专业认同感。

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朱伟凤(1985—),女,博士在读,研究方向:高等教育管理

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刘颖,E-mail:
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H医科院校公共卫生本科人才培养现状及对策研究[D].石家庄:河北医科大学,2021., articleTitle=H医科院校公共卫生本科人才培养现状及对策研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324051077007549417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Qiao XJ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiao XJ. A study on the current situation and countermeasures of public health undergraduate personnel training in H medical college[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2021.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study on the current situation and countermeasures of public health undergraduate personnel training in H medical college, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324051072712582097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, awardId=2023591, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省教学改革研究项目(2023591), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324051072809051090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, awardId=23Y137, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(23Y137), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324051072876159955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, awardId=2024XD203, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省高等教育学会教育科研项目(2024XD203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324051065188000678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051065204777895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, companyId=1324051065188000678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health and Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051065217360808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, companyId=1324051065188000678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051065309635497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051065318024106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, companyId=1324051065309635497, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西 西安 710062)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324051069927564235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics of the pre-reform and post-reform student groups [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目教改前(n=289)教改后 (n=359)χ2值P值
性别
男99(34.3)111(30.9)0.8140.367
女190(65.7)248(69.1)
年级
大一11(3.8)51(14.2)50.0270.000*
大二47(16.3)92(25.6)
大三51(17.7)85(23.7)
大四95(32.8)74(20.6)
大五85(29.4)57(15.9)
生源地
农村169(58.5)195(54.3)1.1250.289
城市120(41.5)164(45.7)
是否第一志愿
是85(29.4)101(28.1)0.1280.721
否204(70.6)258(71.9)
选择本专业原因
对本专业感兴趣29(10.0)34(9.5)0.0580.971
家人或朋友建议56(19.4)70(19.5)
被调剂或其他204(70.6)255(71.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051071563342796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

教改前后两组学生人口学特征 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目教改前(n=289)教改后 (n=359)χ2值P值
性别
男99(34.3)111(30.9)0.8140.367
女190(65.7)248(69.1)
年级
大一11(3.8)51(14.2)50.0270.000*
大二47(16.3)92(25.6)
大三51(17.7)85(23.7)
大四95(32.8)74(20.6)
大五85(29.4)57(15.9)
生源地
农村169(58.5)195(54.3)1.1250.289
城市120(41.5)164(45.7)
是否第一志愿
是85(29.4)101(28.1)0.1280.721
否204(70.6)258(71.9)
选择本专业原因
对本专业感兴趣29(10.0)34(9.5)0.0580.971
家人或朋友建议56(19.4)70(19.5)
被调剂或其他204(70.6)255(71.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051071903081421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of students’ professional identity in preventive medicine before the educational reform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β 标准化βt值P值
年级-0.2960.016-0.137-2.5310.013
第一志愿(以是为对照)
否-0.3410.126-0.241-2.6710.007
学习成绩(以较好为对照)
中等-0.1280.087-0.101-1.4450.147
较差-0.2750.116-0.171-2.3980.018
课程内容满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.2310.082-0.191-2.9020.004
低-0.5350.153-0.238-3.5290.001
教学质量满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.2340.118-0.179-1.9880.051
低-0.1680.076-0.134-2.1970.027
评价体系满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.3010.125-0.257-2.3780.018
低-0.3430.141-0.285-2.4670.017
工资评价(以高为对照)
一般-0.4130.150-0.340-2.7460.006
低-0.4630.162-0.387-2.9260.003
), ArticleFig(id=1324051072301540302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

教改前学生对预防医学专业认同感的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β 标准化βt值P值
年级-0.2960.016-0.137-2.5310.013
第一志愿(以是为对照)
否-0.3410.126-0.241-2.6710.007
学习成绩(以较好为对照)
中等-0.1280.087-0.101-1.4450.147
较差-0.2750.116-0.171-2.3980.018
课程内容满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.2310.082-0.191-2.9020.004
低-0.5350.153-0.238-3.5290.001
教学质量满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.2340.118-0.179-1.9880.051
低-0.1680.076-0.134-2.1970.027
评价体系满意度(以高为对照)
一般-0.3010.125-0.257-2.3780.018
低-0.3430.141-0.285-2.4670.017
工资评价(以高为对照)
一般-0.4130.150-0.340-2.7460.006
低-0.4630.162-0.387-2.9260.003
), ArticleFig(id=1324051072389620687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of items and dimensions of professional identity in preventive medicine students before and after the educational reform ()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目教改前
(n=289)
教改后
(n=359)
t值P值
专业认知维度3.17±0.543.32±0.673.1540.002
专业情感维度3.15±0.633.28±0.632.7710.006
专业行为维度3.25±0.673.42±0.772.8170.005
专业适切维度3.20±0.883.38±0.682.9260.004
专业认同感3.23±0.753.35±0.632.3270.020
), ArticleFig(id=1324051072473506768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051063610942365, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

教改前后学生预防医学认同感条目及维度分析()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目教改前
(n=289)
教改后
(n=359)
t值P值
专业认知维度3.17±0.543.32±0.673.1540.002
专业情感维度3.15±0.633.28±0.632.7710.006
专业行为维度3.25±0.673.42±0.772.8170.005
专业适切维度3.20±0.883.38±0.682.9260.004
专业认同感3.23±0.753.35±0.632.3270.020
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地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式对专业认同感的影响与改革探究
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朱伟凤 1, 2 , 郭怀兰 1 , 邬闻文 1 , 刘颖 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生人才 2026,53(11): 2107-2112
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现代预防医学 |卫生人才 2026 , 53 (11) : 2107 -2112
地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式对专业认同感的影响与改革探究
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朱伟凤1, 2, 郭怀兰1, 邬闻文1, 刘颖1
作者信息
  • 1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000
  • 2.陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西 西安 710062
通讯作者:
刘颖,E-mail:
作者简介:

朱伟凤(1985—),女,博士在读,研究方向:高等教育管理

Exploration of the influence of the public health undergraduate talent training model on professional identity in local medical colleges and corresponding reform strategies
Wei-feng ZHU1, 2, Huai-lan GUO1, Wen-wen WU1, Ying LIU1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507440
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目的

优化地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式,为提升专业认同感,培育适用型人才提供实践方案。

方法

对我校2018—2024级预防医学专业本科生、公共卫生服务机构与教育机构进行调查,分析学生专业认同感影响因素,评价优化后的人才培养模式对专业认同感的提升效果。

结果

年级较高(P=0.013)、不是第一志愿(P=0.007)、学习成绩较差(P=0.018)、课程内容设置满意度低(P=0.001)、教师教学质量满意度低(P=0.027)、学习成绩评价体系满意度低(P=0.017)与工资评价低(P=0.003)的预防医学专业学生专业认同感处于较低水平,构建了“五维一体”公共卫生人才培养模式,通过实施优化人才培养目标、完善课程体系设计、改进教学方法、健全质量考核体系与完善持续改进机制等改革,学生专业认同感总平均分提升到(3.35±0.65)分。

结论

教改后预防医学专业本科生专业认同感达中等水平,“五维一体”公共卫生人才培养模式有助于提高学生专业认同感。

地方医学院校  /  公共卫生与预防医学  /  人才培养模式  /  专业认同感
Objective

To optimize the undergraduate talent cultivation model for public health in local medical colleges and universities, so as to provide practical solutions for enhancing professional identity and cultivating application-oriented talents.

Methods

A survey was carried out among undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine from the 2018 to 2024 grades of our university, as well as public health service institutions and educational institutions. The influencing factors of students’ professional identity were analyzed, and the effect of the optimized talent cultivation model on improving professional identity was evaluated.

Results

Preventive medicine students with higher grades (P=0.013), non-first-choice majors (P=0.007), poor academic performance (P=0.018), low satisfaction with curriculum content arrangement (P=0.001), low satisfaction with teachers’ teaching quality (P=0.027), low satisfaction with the academic performance evaluation system (P=0.017), and low evaluation of salary (P=0.003) had a relatively low level of professional identity. A “Five-Dimension Integrated” training model for public health talents was constructed. Through the implementation of reforms such as optimizing talent training objectives, improving curriculum system design, enhancing teaching methods, perfecting the quality assessment system, and refining the continuous improvement mechanism, the overall average score of students’ professional identity increased to 3.35±0.65 points.

Conclusion

After the reform, the professional identity of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine reached a moderate level. The “Five-Dimension Integrated” public health talent training model is conducive to improving students’ professional identity.

Local medical colleges  /  Public health and preventive medicine  /  Talent training mode  /  Professional identity
朱伟凤, 郭怀兰, 邬闻文, 刘颖. 地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才培养模式对专业认同感的影响与改革探究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2107 -2112 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507440
Wei-feng ZHU, Huai-lan GUO, Wen-wen WU, Ying LIU. Exploration of the influence of the public health undergraduate talent training model on professional identity in local medical colleges and corresponding reform strategies[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2107 -2112 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507440
随着“健康中国2030”战略的深入实施与“新医科”建设的持续推进,对公共卫生服务提出了更高要求。公共卫生本科人才作为公共卫生服务的主力军,其专业认同感强弱不仅会对学生的学习主动性与学习成果产生直接作用,也影响公共卫生人才队伍的稳定程度[1]。2010—2022年,国内外针对“公共卫生人才培养模式”与“专业认同感”的文献较多[2-7]。但在研究现场上,综合类大学研究多、地方医学院校研究少;在研究内容上,经验介绍多、理论构建少;在研究方法上,定性研究多、实证研究少。我校作为湖北省公共卫生人才培养基地,公共卫生人才培养定位不同于综合类大学重跨学科融合、强科研导向的多元研究型人才,而是聚焦区域实践、强化医学实操,培育基层适用型人才;自2018年起招收预防医学本科生,已涵盖 7 个年级,完成3届培养。开展本研究可明确地方医学院校预防医学专业人才培养存在的问题与学生专业认同感,优化培养模式,为提升学生专业认同感,培育出具备“核心能力”的适用型公共卫生本科人才提供实践方案。
2022年10—12月,采用编制的《预防医学专业本科生专业认同感与课程体系满意度调查问卷》对某地方医学院校2018(大五)—2022(大一)级预防医学专业本科生(293人)进行普查,回收有效问卷289份,有效率98.6%。运用秦攀博等[8]编制的《大学生专业认同感量表》对专业认同感进行评估,包含认知性、情感性、行为性与适切性四个维度,评分采用Likert 5级计分法。制定访谈提纲,采用非概率抽样方法对预防医学本科生(10人),疾病预防控制中心、社区卫生服务中心及综合性医院等(8人)与地方医学院校管理者、授课教师与实践基地教师等(9人)进行关键人物访谈。所有调查对象均知晓调查内容,并自愿参加。从教育接受者、公共卫生服务机构与教育机构三个角度,掌握我校预防医学专业学生的专业认同感与课程满意度现状,分析其影响因素,总结地方医学院校公共卫生人才培养经验与存在问题,并剖析原因。
2023年1月—2025年1月,针对存在问题及影响因素,优化人才培养模式,具体措施包括:明确专业学习成果要求,修订为更贴合时代需求与行业标准人才培养目标;完善课程体系,优化设置与内容衔接;探索并实施多样化教学方法,激发学生学习兴趣与主动性;健全教学质量考核评价体系,构建科学合理的评价反馈机制,推动教学持续改进。
2025年2—5月,对我校2020(大五)—2024(大一)级预防医学专业369名本科生进行普查,回收有效问卷359份,有效率97.3%;采用非概率抽样方法对预防医学本科生(S1~10)、公共卫生服务机构(C1~8)与教育机构(T1~9)进行关键人物访谈。分析教改前后预防医学专业学生专业认同感的差异,评价教改措施效果。
采用SPSS 23.0软件双人双录入并做一致性检验;定量资料采用(均数±标准差)来呈现,若为正态分布,两组间比较运用t检验,多因素研究采用多元线性回归法;定性资料采用例数和构成比来呈现,两组间比较运用χ2检验。所有统计检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。定性资料采用框架分析法,借助MAXqda软件对关键问题展开整理、描述与解释。
教改前与教改后两组学生在性别、生源地、是否为第一志愿与选择本专业原因间的差异无统计学意义;两组学生所在年级的人数差异有统计学意义,原因为本校自2018年起招收预防医学专业学生,2019年后招生人数趋于稳定。见表1。
纳入生源地、是否第一志愿、选择本专业原因、学习成绩、是否明确本专业人才培养目标、课程内容设置满意度、课程开设时间合理性、实习安排合理性、教学质量满意度、学习成绩评价体系满意度、就业岗位与工资评价作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示:年级较高、不是第一志愿、学习成绩较差、课程内容设置满意度低、教学质量满意度低、学习成绩评价体系满意度低与工资评价低的预防医学专业学生的专业认同感处于较低水平,见表2。正如访谈对象S5说到:“影响我对预防医学专业认同的较大因素,就是老师的教学情况,比如老师的教学方式是不是我们喜欢的。”访谈对象T2说到:“学习主动性强、成绩较好的学生专业认同感高一些,应该是越了解这个专业,越觉得专业重要。”访谈对象C4说到:“学生应该多去到疾控中心、职防所等,将实践教学融入课堂,慢慢建立起热爱。”
构建了“五维一体”即“胜任为标、核心筑基、生本为纲、双评为尺、基于成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)闭环”的公共卫生人才培养模式。
围绕岗位胜任力,明确地方医学院校公共卫生本科人才学习成果要求,修订具有“核心能力”的适用型公共卫生本科人才培养目标;全面涵盖学生综合能力培养,融入思政元素,强化学生人文素养、团队协作能力与批判性思维的培养,注重培养学生创新能力、管理能力、社会适应能力与动员能力。建立“本科生导师制”,增设《公共卫生与预防医学导论》。定量调查结果显示,教改后81.1%的学生表示了解预防医学专业人才培养目标,高于教改前的58.8%(χ2=38.557,P=0.000);正如访谈对象T8说到:“修订了人才培养目标,培养更注重思想铸魂、知识筑基、实践赋能,增强专业思想教育,实行本科生导师制,让学生更早、更全面地了解本专业。”访谈对象S9说到:“调剂到预防医学,老师们讲解了专业的特点和前景,我们对专业也逐渐了解。”
在课程体系上,构建了更加科学、前沿、实践的预防医学课程体系。在课程结构上,加强跨学科融合,注重通识教育、临床教学与专业课程有机衔接,强化理论与实践教学的时序配合,将《劳动与职业卫生学》《营养与食品卫生学》《预防医学综合实验》《循证医学》4门专业课从第九学期调至第八学期,《妇幼保健学》《儿少卫生学》前移至第七学期,《健康教育与健康促进学》从第五学期调至第七学期,《卫生化学》《社会医学》从第五学期调至第三学期,第四学期新增了《卫生微生物学》,将临床课程《神经与精神学》《传染病学》提前至第五学期;教改后学生对课程结构的满意率为75.2%,高于教改前的59.9%(χ2=17.491,P=0.000)。在教学内容上,动态纳入社会热点,重组环境与健康模块,整合社区卫生服务与预防保健策略教学内容,增加开放式实验比例,注重理论与实践的结合;教改后学生对课程内容的满意率为79.4%,高于教改前的65.4%(χ2=27.763,P=0.000)。在课程整合上,推进临床医学与预防医学课程、高校教学与基地实践的协同,贯彻“健康中国”战略思想,加强课程思政建设,培养科技创新精神,引入人工智能教育技术,全方位提升课程体系的科学性、实践性与创新性。如访谈对象T3说到:“每年都有教师去疾控中心挂职,联动实践;学院开设了智能工程专业,常一起探讨如何提升教学质量。”
以公共卫生核心课程为重点,拓展多元教学平台,如引入虚拟仿真、利用“学习通”等在线工具,构建混合式教学模式。融入讨论式教学、开放性实验、现场教学与社会实践等教学形式,提升学生参与度与实践能力。具体实施流程如下:首先,学生分组,明确责任分工;课前两周,通过“学习通”了解学生对本部分内容的预习情况,把握教学内容深度与广度;课前一周,教师发布本节教学主题,并设计案例分析题,学生通过查找资料进行小组讨论,培养自主学习与团队协作能力;课堂上,指定一组学生汇报案例分析题讨论结果,其他小组学生提问并评分,教师点评,讲解本节知识点及最新研究进展;课后,学生评估对知识点的掌握情况,一周内完成课后思考题并提交,教师根据反馈,持续优化教学方法。正如访谈对象S1说到:“现在的课堂感觉挺有趣,我们也能参与,把知识点和查找的文献联系起来。”访谈对象C7说到:“我们带教老师明显感到近两年的实习同学理论知识更扎实一些。”
在教学质量考核评价体系中,加大形成性评价比重;在实践教学环节,注重考核学生的自主学习能力、创新能力与参与度等。成绩由形成性评价与终结性评价两部分构成。形成性评价包括:预习反馈、签到、随堂参与表现(如小组报告、课堂提问等)、作业完成情况、实习课的参与度等。通过“形成性评价+终结性评价”双评考核,更全面评估学生的学习过程与效果。如访谈对象S7说到:“把课堂中的表现加入到平时成绩我觉得很好,这能提高我们的课堂积极性,也知道了成绩要平时积累。”访谈对象T5说到:“形成性评价我们先设计好,也可和学生一起制定规则,这些都能提高学生的参与度。”
通过定期组织师生座谈会、考试反馈会及专项调查等形式,了解学生遇到的问题、需求及对教学内容、方法和效果的意见。建立较全面的评价反馈机制,明确反馈渠道、处理流程和时间节点,确保学生意见能及时、准确地传达给相关教师和教学管理部门。结合教学过程中的其他信息,如课堂表现、作业完成情况、成绩分析等,对教学效果进行全面评估。根据评估结果,制定针对性改进措施,形成“实践-评价-改进-再实践”的闭环式持续教学改进机制。从课程设计、教学实施到评价,确保都以学生的学习效果为导向,不断优化教学内容和方法,提升教学质量。正如访谈对象T1说到:“我们这么多年一直在做教学改革,但是没有很好地总结改进,现在形成了闭环就很好。”
教改后学生的专业认同感高于教改前,差异有统计学意义;在专业认知维度、专业情感维度、专业行为维度与专业适切维度的差异均有统计学意义。访谈结果也显示,“五维一体”的公共卫生人才培养模式有利于提高学生的专业认同感。正如访谈对象S2说到:“我以前对专业了解比较模糊,老师在上课中融入思政,教学方式也多了,提问、小组讨论等活动,我们觉得挺有意思的,也对专业有了兴趣。”访谈对象T4说到:“明显感觉到老师和学生都在进步,我们从培养目标到评价机制上都进行了改革,从学生课堂积极性和抬头率都能感受到较大变化。”见表3。
教育部于 2018 年提出“新医科”建设要求,明确指出要以行业需求为导向革新医学人才培养模式,我校 2019 年确立的地方医学院校建设思路,进一步强调了“立足区域、服务地方”的适用型人才培养定位。开展公共卫生人才培养模式与专业认同感研究是地方医学院校“后疫情”时代的使命与担当,更是提升公共卫生人才培养质量,提高公共卫生服务能力的根本路径。
既往专业认同感的研究对象多为临床医学、护理等专业学生[9-10],针对预防医学专业学生的调查较少,主要为综合类大学[2,11],地方医学院校罕见[3]。且主要通过定性分析描述现象、总结经验与讨论对策[4,12],尚无实证分析。于晨等[2]调查四所综合性大学预防医学专业402名学生发现,职业认同总平均分为(3.39±0.52)分;童心等[3]调查安徽某高校预防医学专业675名学生显示,专业认同总平均分为(3.30±0.58)分。本研究结果表明,我校预防医学专业本科生实施教改前,其专业认同感的总平均分为(3.23±0.75)分,处于偏低水平。这可能与新办专业在人才培养模式上还处于“探索性”阶段有关。多因素分析表明,低年级学生、第一志愿、学习成绩较好、课程内容设置满意度较高、教师教学质量满意度较高、学习成绩评价体系满意度较高与工资评价较高的预防医学专业学生专业认同感总体平均得分处于较高水平。以往研究结果也显示,专业认同感会受到年级、专业喜欢程度、学业成绩、专业人才培养模式等因素影响[2-3]。“低年级”学生对专业的认知多停留在理想层面,尚未深入接触挑战和压力,可能是其专业认同感相对更高的原因;“非第一志愿”学生专业认同感较低,可能其入学前缺乏对预防医学的职业认知,易将其与临床医学对比而产生心理落差;“学习成绩较差”的学生专业认同感较低,揭示了良好的学业表现能增强学生自信心,强化其“适合从事公共卫生工作”的自我认知。此外,课程内容、教师质量、评价体系等教学环节的满意度低,使学生难以感受到专业的实用性与发展前景,难以建立起专业认同感。
针对上述影响因素,本研究构建了“五维一体”公共卫生人才培养模式,从“目标-课程-方法-评价-反馈”全过程出发,形成教改体系,学生专业认同感得到提升。教改后学生专业认同感总平均分为(3.35±0.65)分,处于中等水平;专业认知、情感、行为与适切四个维度的平均得分依次为(3.32±0.67)、(3.28±0.63)、(3.42±0.77)和(3.38±0.68)分,其中情感、行为与适切三个维度略高于某地方医学院校,认知维度略低于该校[3]。本研究以“岗位胜任力”为目标,明确了“适用型”人才的核心能力要求,解决了培养目标“泛化”问题;以“核心能力”为导向,采取了“时序优化”“内容更新”“临床-预防协同融合”的方法,解决了“课程时序不合理”“内容与实践脱节”“交叉重复多”等问题;以“学生中心”为理念,探索了混合式教学模式,提高了“专业学习兴趣”,改善了学生“参与度低、实践能力弱”的问题;以“综合考核体系”为支撑,形成了“形成性评价+终结性评价”双评考核体系,缓解了学生因“一次考试失利”而丧失学习信心,为专业认同感的提升提供了“制度保障”;以“OBE 理念”为指引,建立了“问题收集-分析-改进-验证”的闭环机制,实现了“培养模式持续优化”,更为后续专业认同感的稳定提升提供了“长效动力”。
本研究仍存在两方面不足:一是我校预防医学专业创办时间短,样本量有限,可能无法完全代表全国地方医学院校的实际情况,未来需扩大样本量、开展多中心研究以增强结论的普适性;二是本研究仅评估了教改后的即时效果,尚未对学生毕业后的职业选择、岗位表现等长期指标追踪,无法明确“专业认同感提升”是否能转化为“职业忠诚度提高”,后续需开展纵向随访研究,进一步验证培养模式的长期效益。
  • 湖北省教学改革研究项目(2023591)
  • 湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(23Y137)
  • 湖北省高等教育学会教育科研项目(2024XD203)
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507440
  • 接收时间:2025-07-26
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-26
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湖北省教学改革研究项目(2023591)
湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(23Y137)
湖北省高等教育学会教育科研项目(2024XD203)
作者信息
    1.湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北 十堰 442000
    2.陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西 西安 710062

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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