Article(id=1324051005108793883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512452, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766592000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607959295, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607959295, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607959295, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607959295, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2060, endPage=2067, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324051005318509084, articleId=1324051005108793883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Establishment and evaluation of a one-tube RT-RPA/CRISPR assay for rapid detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To establish a one-tube assay based on reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein system (CRISPR/Cas12a) (OTRRC).

Methods

An OTRRC-based detection workflow for influenza A H1N1 virus was established and optimized. According to different signal readout modes, two detection formats were developed, including fluorescence-based detection (OTRRC-FD) and lateral flow immunoassay-based detection (OTRRC-LFIA). The sensitivity and specificity of both methods were systematically evaluated using plasmids and pseudoviruses as templates, followed by validation using clinical samples.

Results

The OTRRC-FD method detected as low as 2.8×10-1 copies/μl of standard plasmid template within 20 min and 1.71×100 copies/μl of pseudovirus template within 30 min. The OTRRC-LFIA method detected 101 copies/μl of standard plasmid template within 25 min and 101 copies/μl of pseudovirus template within 35 min. No cross-reactivity was observed with SARS-CoV-2, IBV-Victoria or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In clinical sample testing, the sensitivities of the OTRRC-FD and OTRRC-LFIA methods were 95% and 90%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both methods. The agreements with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were 97.19% for OTRRC-FD and 94.56% for OTRRC-LFIA.

Conclusion

In this study, an OTRRC method for the detection of influenza A H1N1 virus was successfully established, and visual readout was achieved using lateral flow strips. This method features rapid detection, high sensitivity, and good specificity, and demonstrated favorable applicability in clinical sample testing. The detection results showed good agreement with the gold standard RT-qPCR, highlighting the potential of this assay as an efficient point-of-care testing (POCT) tool.

, authors=Tiao ZHANG1, Dan-ni NI1, Qing-hui HUANG1, Yu-tong HAO2, Qi-jun LIU3, Chuan WANG4, Rui YANG4, Shan-ping GAN4, Wei HUANG5, 6, Wen-zhen WANG5, 6, Hai-yan WEN1, authorsList=Tiao ZHANG, Dan-ni NI, Qing-hui HUANG, Yu-tong HAO, Qi-jun LIU, Chuan WANG, Rui YANG, Shan-ping GAN, Wei HUANG, Wen-zhen WANG, Hai-yan WEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hai-yan WEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324051009194045999, articleId=1324051005108793883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=甲型H1N1流感病毒单管式RT-RPA/CRISPR快速检测方法的建立与评价, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

建立一种逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增(reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification,RT-RPA)与成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白12a系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 12a system,CRISPR/Cas12a)联合的单管检测方法(one-tube assay based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a,OTRRC)。

方法

建立并优化甲型H1N1流感病毒OTRRC检测流程,根据结果读取方式不同,分别构建基于实时荧光信号的OTRRC-FD(OTRRC fluorescence detection)方法和基于侧向层析试纸的OTRRC-LFIA(OTRRC lateral flow immunoassay)检测方法。以甲型H1N1流感病毒质粒和假病毒为模板,评估两种方法的灵敏度及特异性,并进一步将方法应用于临床样本以验证临床检测效能。

结果

OTRRC-FD法20 min内可检测2.8×10-1 copies/μl标准质粒模板,30 min内可检测1.71×100 copies/μl假病毒模板;OTRRC-LFIA法25 min内可检测101 copies/μl标准质粒模板,35 min内可检测101 copies/μl假病毒模板。且两种方法均未与SARS-CoV-2、IBV-Victoria系、RSV产生交叉反应。真实样本检测中,OTRRC-FD和OTRRC-LFIA方法的灵敏度分别为95%和90%,特异性均为100%,与实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)结果一致性分别为97.19%和94.56%。

结论

成功建立了甲型H1N1流感病毒OTRRC法,并通过侧向层析试纸条实现检测结果可视化,该方法具有快速、高灵敏度和良好特异性的优点,并在临床样本检测中表现出良好的适用性,检测结果与金标准RT-qPCR一致较好,展现了作为高效POCT工具的潜力。

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张朓(1976—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:口岸卫生检疫技术研究

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文海燕,E-mail:
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remark=6.高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324051018052416126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Experimental principle and process, figureFileSmall=yy/j8f027RGAgVxKmEcwxQ==, figureFileBig=mL2r4lmVF69c4SjlncoXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051018337628799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=图1, caption=检测原理与流程图, figureFileSmall=yy/j8f027RGAgVxKmEcwxQ==, figureFileBig=mL2r4lmVF69c4SjlncoXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051018572509824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Primer screening results (12% Native-PAGE electrophoresis), figureFileSmall=KFkzHoB2v3OrnkY8n1CR+Q==, figureFileBig=M5yvGKVLSjC0lp2E7ZoBuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051018845139585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=图2, caption=引物筛选结果(12%Native-PAGE电泳)

注:泳道1为20bp DNA Ladder;泳道2/3为F1R1 NTC组、扩增组;泳道4/5为F2R2 NTC组、扩增组;泳道6/7为F3R3 NTC组、扩增组。

, figureFileSmall=KFkzHoB2v3OrnkY8n1CR+Q==, figureFileBig=M5yvGKVLSjC0lp2E7ZoBuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051018912248450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Conditional optimization results, figureFileSmall=j0wr3Xm4ran9jp7QLk4oCA==, figureFileBig=6AA0sgS52or9ypw//03yKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051019189072515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=图3, caption=条件优化结果

注:A为RPA引物浓度优化结果;B为反应温度优化结果;C为Cas12a与crRNA比例优化结果;D为ssDNA荧光探针浓度优化结果;E为Cas12a浓度优化结果;F为RPA扩增时间优化结果;***表示P<0.001,**表示P<0.001,*表示P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;ns表示P>0.05,差异不具有统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=j0wr3Xm4ran9jp7QLk4oCA==, figureFileBig=6AA0sgS52or9ypw//03yKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051019272958596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Sensitivity analysis of OTRRC-FD with a plasmid as template, figureFileSmall=L1XZO9kPpuW9OvLTg2cRiA==, figureFileBig=uiJGdTDUdD5dX5e4Xsd//A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051019340067461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=图4, caption=以质粒为模板的OTRRC-FD法灵敏度分析

注:***表示P<0.001;**表示P<0.001;*表示P<0.05;差异有统计学意义;ns表示P>0.05;差异不具有统计学意义。

, figureFileSmall=L1XZO9kPpuW9OvLTg2cRiA==, figureFileBig=uiJGdTDUdD5dX5e4Xsd//A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051019407176326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Sensitivity analysis of the OTRRC-LFIA with a plasmid as template, figureFileSmall=wK2JT/5t/GtTjJ6/VyeK5w==, figureFileBig=TNTbu1AXaYA5x/VfozXIaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051019591725703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=图5, caption=以质粒为模板的OTRRC-LFIA法灵敏度分析

注:图中红色箭头所指为肉眼可观察的检测线最低浓度。

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注:图中红色箭头所指为肉眼可观察的检测线最低浓度。

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Standard plasmids and primers for conserved genes of influenza A (H1N1) virus

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名称序列(5’→3’)
甲型流感病毒H1N1M基因质粒(PP633608.1)catggaatggctaaagacaagaccaatcttgtcacctctgactaagggaattttaggatttgtgttcacgctcaccgtgcccagtgagcgaggactgcagcgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaaatggg
aatggggacccgaacaacatggatagagcagttaaactatacaagaagctcaaaagagaaataacgttccatggggccaaggaggtgtcactaagctattcaactggtgcacttgccagttgcatgggcct
catatacaacaggatgggaacagtgaccacagaagctgcttttggtctagtgtgtgccacttgtgaacagattgctgattcacagcatcggtctcacagacagatggctactaccaccatccactaatcaggc
atgaaaacagaatggtgctggctagcactacggcaaaggctatggaacagatggctggatcgagtgaacaggcagcggaggccatggaggttgctaatcagactaggcagatggtacatgca
F1/3cgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaaat
F2agcgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaa
R1/2cagcttctgtggtcactgttcccatcctgt
R3aaagcagcttctgtggtcactgttcccatc
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甲型H1N1流感病毒保守基因标准质粒及引物

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名称序列(5’→3’)
甲型流感病毒H1N1M基因质粒(PP633608.1)catggaatggctaaagacaagaccaatcttgtcacctctgactaagggaattttaggatttgtgttcacgctcaccgtgcccagtgagcgaggactgcagcgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaaatggg
aatggggacccgaacaacatggatagagcagttaaactatacaagaagctcaaaagagaaataacgttccatggggccaaggaggtgtcactaagctattcaactggtgcacttgccagttgcatgggcct
catatacaacaggatgggaacagtgaccacagaagctgcttttggtctagtgtgtgccacttgtgaacagattgctgattcacagcatcggtctcacagacagatggctactaccaccatccactaatcaggc
atgaaaacagaatggtgctggctagcactacggcaaaggctatggaacagatggctggatcgagtgaacaggcagcggaggccatggaggttgctaatcagactaggcagatggtacatgca
F1/3cgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaaat
F2agcgtagacgctttgtccaaaatgccctaa
R1/2cagcttctgtggtcactgttcccatcctgt
R3aaagcagcttctgtggtcactgttcccatc
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crRNA and ssDNA probes

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名称序列(5’→3’)
crRNAuaauuucuacuaaguguagaugccccauggaacguuauuuc
ssDNAFAM-ttattatt-BHQ1
), ArticleFig(id=1324051023203021462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051005108793883, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

crRNA和ssDNA探针

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crRNAuaauuucuacuaaguguagaugccccauggaacguuauuuc
ssDNAFAM-ttattatt-BHQ1
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甲型H1N1流感病毒单管式RT-RPA/CRISPR快速检测方法的建立与评价
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张朓 1 , 倪丹妮 1 , 黄青徽 1 , 郝玉通 2 , 刘启军 3 , 汪川 4 , 杨瑞 4 , 甘善萍 4 , 黄为 5, 6 , 王文斟 5, 6 , 文海燕 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2026,53(11): 2060-2067
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2026 , 53 (11) : 2060 -2067
甲型H1N1流感病毒单管式RT-RPA/CRISPR快速检测方法的建立与评价
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张朓1, 倪丹妮1, 黄青徽1, 郝玉通2, 刘启军3, 汪川4, 杨瑞4, 甘善萍4, 黄为5, 6, 王文斟5, 6, 文海燕1
作者信息
  • 1.重庆国际旅行卫生保健中心(重庆海关口岸门诊部),重庆 401147
  • 2.重庆海关
  • 3.重庆海关技术中心
  • 4.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 5.重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院)
  • 6.高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室
通讯作者:
文海燕,E-mail:
作者简介:

张朓(1976—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:口岸卫生检疫技术研究

Establishment and evaluation of a one-tube RT-RPA/CRISPR assay for rapid detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus
Tiao ZHANG1, Dan-ni NI1, Qing-hui HUANG1, Yu-tong HAO2, Qi-jun LIU3, Chuan WANG4, Rui YANG4, Shan-ping GAN4, Wei HUANG5, 6, Wen-zhen WANG5, 6, Hai-yan WEN1
Affiliations
  • Chongqing International Travel Health Care Center (Chongqing Customs Port Clinic), Chongqing 401147, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512452
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目的

建立一种逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增(reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification,RT-RPA)与成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白12a系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 12a system,CRISPR/Cas12a)联合的单管检测方法(one-tube assay based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a,OTRRC)。

方法

建立并优化甲型H1N1流感病毒OTRRC检测流程,根据结果读取方式不同,分别构建基于实时荧光信号的OTRRC-FD(OTRRC fluorescence detection)方法和基于侧向层析试纸的OTRRC-LFIA(OTRRC lateral flow immunoassay)检测方法。以甲型H1N1流感病毒质粒和假病毒为模板,评估两种方法的灵敏度及特异性,并进一步将方法应用于临床样本以验证临床检测效能。

结果

OTRRC-FD法20 min内可检测2.8×10-1 copies/μl标准质粒模板,30 min内可检测1.71×100 copies/μl假病毒模板;OTRRC-LFIA法25 min内可检测101 copies/μl标准质粒模板,35 min内可检测101 copies/μl假病毒模板。且两种方法均未与SARS-CoV-2、IBV-Victoria系、RSV产生交叉反应。真实样本检测中,OTRRC-FD和OTRRC-LFIA方法的灵敏度分别为95%和90%,特异性均为100%,与实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)结果一致性分别为97.19%和94.56%。

结论

成功建立了甲型H1N1流感病毒OTRRC法,并通过侧向层析试纸条实现检测结果可视化,该方法具有快速、高灵敏度和良好特异性的优点,并在临床样本检测中表现出良好的适用性,检测结果与金标准RT-qPCR一致较好,展现了作为高效POCT工具的潜力。

甲型H1N1流感病毒  /  重组酶聚合酶扩增  /  CRISPR/Cas12a  /  侧向层析试纸
Objective

To establish a one-tube assay based on reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein system (CRISPR/Cas12a) (OTRRC).

Methods

An OTRRC-based detection workflow for influenza A H1N1 virus was established and optimized. According to different signal readout modes, two detection formats were developed, including fluorescence-based detection (OTRRC-FD) and lateral flow immunoassay-based detection (OTRRC-LFIA). The sensitivity and specificity of both methods were systematically evaluated using plasmids and pseudoviruses as templates, followed by validation using clinical samples.

Results

The OTRRC-FD method detected as low as 2.8×10-1 copies/μl of standard plasmid template within 20 min and 1.71×100 copies/μl of pseudovirus template within 30 min. The OTRRC-LFIA method detected 101 copies/μl of standard plasmid template within 25 min and 101 copies/μl of pseudovirus template within 35 min. No cross-reactivity was observed with SARS-CoV-2, IBV-Victoria or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In clinical sample testing, the sensitivities of the OTRRC-FD and OTRRC-LFIA methods were 95% and 90%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both methods. The agreements with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were 97.19% for OTRRC-FD and 94.56% for OTRRC-LFIA.

Conclusion

In this study, an OTRRC method for the detection of influenza A H1N1 virus was successfully established, and visual readout was achieved using lateral flow strips. This method features rapid detection, high sensitivity, and good specificity, and demonstrated favorable applicability in clinical sample testing. The detection results showed good agreement with the gold standard RT-qPCR, highlighting the potential of this assay as an efficient point-of-care testing (POCT) tool.

H1N1 influenza virus  /  Recombinant polymerase amplification  /  CRISPR/Cas12a  /  Lateral flow immunoassay
张朓, 倪丹妮, 黄青徽, 郝玉通, 刘启军, 汪川, 杨瑞, 甘善萍, 黄为, 王文斟, 文海燕. 甲型H1N1流感病毒单管式RT-RPA/CRISPR快速检测方法的建立与评价. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2060 -2067 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512452
Tiao ZHANG, Dan-ni NI, Qing-hui HUANG, Yu-tong HAO, Qi-jun LIU, Chuan WANG, Rui YANG, Shan-ping GAN, Wei HUANG, Wen-zhen WANG, Hai-yan WEN. Establishment and evaluation of a one-tube RT-RPA/CRISPR assay for rapid detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2060 -2067 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512452
甲型H1N1流感病毒是一种单股负链RNA病毒,其基因组易发生变异、宿主范围广、传染性强,是全球范围内急性呼吸道感染的重要病原之一[1-2]。感染早期常表现为发热、咳嗽、咽痛等非特异性症状,与其它常见呼吸道病毒(其他流行性感冒病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2型)感染临床表现相似,难以通过症状进行鉴别诊断[3-5]。并且,感染甲型H1N1流感病毒后可能进展为重症肺炎或引发并发症,因此,及时、准确的病原学检测对早期临床诊疗和感染防控具有重要意义[6-7]。
目前,临床实验室针对甲型H1N1流感病毒的主要检测方法依赖实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)及其衍生的核酸检测平台,该类方法具有灵敏度和特异性高的优势,被广泛用于常规诊断和监测[8]。然而,此类检测通常对仪器设备和实验室条件要求较高,在基层医疗机构、现场筛查或资源受限环境中的应用仍存在一定限制。近年来,等温核酸扩增(isothermal nucleic acid amplification,INA)技术因无需热循环、检测时间短且可在实验室、现场检测和家庭自检等多种应用场景展现,已在许多病原体核酸检测方案中突显优势[9-10]。针对甲型H1N1流感病毒,现有研究基于环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)或重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)等技术,结合荧光检测或侧向层析试纸条,实现快速核酸检测,其中部分研究提出了“单管反应”或“一步法检测”的实现策略[11-13]。
成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein system, CRISPR/Cas)因其高度特异的序列识别能力及可触发的反式切割活性,被广泛应用于核酸检测领域[14-16]。同时,RPA扩增条件与Cas12a反应体系在温度及缓冲体系方面具有良好的兼容性,使得二者能够联合构建一体化核酸检测系统[17]。在该联合体系中,RPA首先实现目标序列的快速扩增,随后扩增产物被CRISPR/Cas12a复合物特异性识别并激活其反式切割活性,从而实现双重特异性识别及信号放大效应[18-19]。然而,现有许多RPA-CRISPR检测方法仍采用分管反应或扩增后开盖转移的模式,操作流程相对复杂,且存在扩增产物气溶胶污染风险,限制了其在现场即时检测(point-of-care testing,POCT)中的进一步应用[20-21]。
本研究在已有等温扩增及CRISPR检测研究的基础上,通过联合逆转录RPA(reverse transcription RPA,RT-RPA)和CRISPR/Cas12a,建立甲型H1N1流感病毒单管检测法(one-tube assay based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a,OTRRC)。在同一反应管内顺序完成核酸扩增与信号检测过程,避免反应体系在不同容器间转移或开盖操作,实现快速高效检测甲型H1N1流感病毒,并简化操作流程和降低交叉污染风险。同时,为拓展检测场景,本研究进一步将OTRRC体系与侧向层析免疫试纸(lateral flow immunoassay,LFIA)平台相结合。CRISPR/Cas12a切割报告探针产生的产物可在LFIA试纸条上产生可视化显色信号,从而实现检测结果的裸眼判读[22],使方法更加便捷和适合现场应用。
20例人甲型H1N1流感病毒、5例新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)、5例乙型流感病毒Victoria系(IBV-Victoria系)和5例呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)临床RNA样本来源于成都市疾病预防控制中心,均经RT-qPCR验证为阳性;灭活的甲型H1N1流感病毒、SARS-CoV-2及IBV-Victoria系全基因组假病毒标准物质,以及包含N、M、L基因片段的RSV假病毒标准物质,均购于河南万佳标准物质研发中心。
标准质粒、引物、ssDNA荧光探针及crRNA由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成。核酸提取试剂盒(QuickExtract DNA Extraction Solution)购于LGC Biosearch Technologies(美国)。RPA试剂盒购于TwistDXTM Ltd.(英国),SuperScriptTM IV 反转录酶和DEPC处理水购于Thermo Fisher Scientific(美国),RNase H酶、EnGen® Lba Cas12a(Cpf1)核酸酶和NEBufferTM r2.1(10×)购于New England Biolabs(美国)。CRISPR核酸检测试纸条购于深圳易致生物科技有限公司。
OTRRC法的检测流程及原理,见图1。临床样本经核酸免提取释放剂95℃孵育5 min 后释放病毒RNA,取5 μl裂解产物加入RT-RPA反应体系,在37℃条件下进行逆转录与等温扩增,获得靶序列扩增产物。随后,通过瞬时离心使预先置于管盖内侧的CRISPR/Cas12a 反应体系与RPA扩增产物混合,37℃孵育10 min。Cas12a-crRNA复合物特异性识别扩增产物并被激活,进而触发其反式切割活性,非特异性切割体系中的ssDNA报告探针,产生可检测信号。
根据检测信号的读取方式不同,分别建立基于荧光检测的OTRRC-FD(OTRRC fluorescence detection)方法和基于侧向层析试纸的OTRRC-LFIA(OTRRC lateral flow immunoassay)方法。OTRRC-LFIA 检测时,将试纸条插入反应体系,体系在毛细作用下迁移;未被Cas12a切割的探针可在质控线处被捕获形成条带,而被切割的探针则在检测线处聚集显色,从而实现检测结果的直观判读。
从数据库NCBI(网址:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)下载IAV-H1N1 M基因核苷酸序列并进行比对,设计标准质粒。使用Primer Premier V5.0软件设计甲型H1N1流感病毒的3对RPA正反向候选引物。见表1。
以浓度为2.8×105 copies/μl的甲型 H1N1 标准质粒为模板,对候选RPA引物对进行筛选。按照RPA Basic kit说明书配制反应体系,阳性对照加入1.25 μl标准质粒,阴性对照以等体积DEPC处理水代替标准质粒。反应体系混匀后,于39 ℃条件下孵育20 min完成扩增。扩增产物经酚氯仿法纯化后,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析效果。
根据RPA引物筛选出的最佳引物组,确定扩增目的片段序列,按照CRISPR/Cas12a crRNA设计原则,利用CHOPCHOP网站(http://chopchop.cbu.uib.no/)设计crRNA以及5’和3’端分别修饰有荧光基团和淬灭基团的单链DNA(ssDNA)探针。见表2。
OTRRC法标准检测程序为:35 μl 检测体系由A(管底)和B(管盖内)两部分组成。其中,A部分为25 μl RPA扩增体系(正反向引物各1.00 μl、半粒RPA冻干粉、1.25 μl质粒DNA、14.75 μl复水缓冲液、DEPC处理水5.75 μl、1.25 μl MgOAc),B部分为10 μl CRISPR/Cas12a切割体系[3.5μl 1 μM EnGen® Lba Cas12a (Cpf1)、3.5 μl 10×NEBufferTM r2.1、0.35 μl 10 μM crRNA、1.05 μl 10 μM ssDNA、DEPC处理水5.1 μl]。37℃条件下孵育10 min,完成RPA扩增,通过瞬时离心将管盖内侧的CRISPR/Cas12a切割体系离心至管底与RPA扩增产物充分混合,置于qPCR仪上37℃反应30 min,每间隔30 s采集一次荧光信号。RNA检测体系中,以RNA代替标准质粒,反应体系中加入0.24 μl SuperScriptTM IV 反转录酶,0.48 μl RNase H酶,0.5 μl DTT,其余条件均与上述一致。
在标准检测程序下按照控制单一变量原则对引物浓度、CRISPR/Cas12a体系、反应温度及RPA扩增时间进行优化。引物浓度优化设置4组不同浓度的引物组(每组分别设置阴性对照组),进行三次重复实验,测量各组荧光信号强度。CRISPR/Cas12a体系优化设置不同Cas12a/crRNA比例(1∶1、1∶2、2∶1)、不同Cas12a浓度(30、50、70、100 nM)、不同ssDNA探针浓度(100、200、300 nM)条件(每组分别设置阴性对照组),进行三次重复实验,测量各组荧光信号强度。RPA反应温度为37℃~42℃,因此反应温度优化设置37℃、39℃、42℃三个不同反应温度(每组分别设置阴性对照组),进行三次重复实验,测量各组荧光信号强度。RPA扩增时间优化设置0 、2 、4 、6 、8 、10和12 min,7组RPA扩增时间条件(每组分别设置阴性对照组),进行三次重复实验,测量各组荧光信号强度。
按照1.4.4配制35 μl RT-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测体系,37℃孵育15 min,实现RPA扩增。随后瞬时离心,并充分混合RPA扩增产物与CRIPSR/Cas12a,干式恒温器37℃孵育10 min。反应完成后,体系中加入25 μl DEPC-处理水进行稀释,样品垫端朝下插入侧向层析试纸条(液面不可超过Max线),常温下放置5 min后取出,试纸条平放于桌面判读结果。阴性:质控线有条带,检测线无条带。阳性:检测线和质控线均有条带。无效:质控线无条带。
以2.8×104、2.8×103、2.8×102、2.8×101、2.8×100、2.8×10-1 copies/μl的标准质粒为模板,按照建立的OTRRC法标准流程制备反应体系,分析OTRRC-FD和OTRRC-LFIA以甲型H1N1流感病毒质粒为模板的灵敏度。
将免核酸提取释放剂 QuickExtract DNA Extraction Solution与假病毒各200 μl,等体积混匀,离心后放置于干式恒温器 95℃条件下孵育 5min 以释放病毒 RNA,得到1.71×10-1、1.71×100、1.71×101 copies/μl 3个浓度的甲型H1N1流感假病毒RNA。按照建立的OTRRC法标准流程制备反应体系,分析OTRRC-FD和OTRRC-LFIA以甲型H1N1流感病毒假病毒为模板的灵敏度。
分别对甲型H1N1流感以及引起相同或相似临床症状的呼吸道感染病毒的4个病原体(IAV-H1N1、SARS-CoV-2、IBV-Victoria系、RSV)的假病毒模板(102 copies/μl)进行测量,阴性组以DEPC处理水代替假病毒。按照建立的OTRRC法标准流程制备反应体系,分析OTRRC-FD和OTRRC-LFIA的特异性。
以20例甲型H1N1流感病毒、5例新型冠状病毒、5例乙型流感病毒Victoria系和5例呼吸道合胞病毒临床样本,采用OTRRC-FD法与OTRRC-LFIA法进行测定,并评价与核酸检测金标准RT-qPCR检测结果的一致性。
实验中每组均进行3次独立重复实验,荧光强度稳定时(10 min时)的荧光信号平均值±3倍标准差,误差线代表三次重复实验的标准差。使用SPSS 25.0进行数据处理及统计学分析,进行t检验和单因素方差分析分析各实验组与阴性对照组间差异的统计学意义;配对χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法分析检测方法与“金标准”RT-qPCR检出率是否存在差异,检验水准α=0.05,差异具有统计学意义,并使用Origin 2021作图。
RPA扩增引物筛选电泳结果见图2。甲型H1N1流感病毒的三对候选RPA引物实验组(F1R1、F2R2、F3R3)均成功扩增出与预期靶标片段大小相符的目的条带(图2泳道3、5、7),F2R2候选引物阴性对照组无非特异性扩增条带。因此,选择F2R2引物对为RPA引物。
条件优化结果如图3所示。RPA引物浓度为480 nM时最佳,见图3A;体系最优反应温度为42℃,见图3B;Cas12a与crRNA比例为2:1时最优,见图3C;ssDNA荧光探针最优浓度为300 nM,见图3D;Cas12a浓度为100 nM时均为最佳,见图3E;荧光值10 min左右增长到平台期,10 min为RPA扩增效率最佳的时间,见图3F。
以质粒为模板进行灵敏度分析。低至2.8×10-1 copies/μl甲型H1N1流感病毒可被优化后OTRRC-FD法所检测,见图4;低至2.8×101 copies/μl甲型H1N1流感病毒可被优化后OTRRC-LFIA法所检测,见图5。
以假病毒为模板分析OTRRC法灵敏度。低至1.71×100 copies/μl的甲型H1N1流感病毒RNA可被荧光法所检测,结果见图6。同时,本研究构建方法仅检测到目标病原体(甲型H1N1流感病毒反应终点荧光信号强烈),其他三种病毒检测荧光信号值与阴性组荧光信号值的差异无统计学意义,结果见图7。
采用OTRRC-LFIA法检测方法灵敏度,低至101 copies/μl的甲型H1N1流感假病毒可被检测。并且,本研究建立的甲型H1N1流感病毒OTRRC-LFIA法特异性良好,与其他非目标呼吸道症感染病毒无交叉反应。结果见图8。
临床样本性能评价结果如图9所示,OTRRC-FD法与OTRRC-LFIA法对甲型H1N1流感病毒检测真实样本的灵敏度分别为95%和90%;两种方法特异性均为100%;与RT-qPCR一致性分别为97.19%和94.56%。
近年来,等温扩增技术因其无需热循环、反应快速等优势,适用于无需复杂仪器条件下的快速初筛场景,逐渐成为 POCT 领域的重要发展方向[23]。本研究为解决甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测在简化流程与降低操作风险方面的实际需求,建立了一种基于RT-RPA与CRISPR/Cas12a的单管式检测策略(OTRRC)。该方法将RT-RPA与CRISPR/Cas12a体系进行组合,并采用单管式反应,在同一反应管内顺序完成以核酸扩增与特异性识别。其中,运用RPA技术实现在恒温条件下即可快速扩增;CRISPR/Cas12a体系通过crRNA引导序列对靶基因的特异性识别,进一步提高了检测特异性,在一定程度上弥补了等温扩增技术可能存在的非特异扩增问题。双重识别机制极大地提高了方法特异性,实验结果也显示该方法与SARS-CoV-2、IBV-Victoria系及RSV等常见呼吸道病毒无交叉反应。OTRRC-FD与OTRRC-LFIA的最低检出限分别为2.8×10-1 copies/μl和101 copies/μl,灵敏度较高。两种方法灵敏度差异可能与终点判读方式有关。然而,尽管LFIA灵敏度相对较低,但其无需仪器支持即可达到101 copies/μl检测水平,仍具有较好的现场应用价值。
与已报道的相关检测方法相比,如Zhou等人[24]使用RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a试纸法检测H5亚型禽流感病毒,1 h内检测限低至1.9×101 copies/μl;Haach等人[25]使用一步多重RT-qPCR法检测甲型流感病毒,检出限低至5.09×101 copies/μl;Kang等人[24]应用RT-LAMP法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒,检出限低至50 copies/μl。本研究无需热循环设备即可在30 min内完成检测,检测限达101 copies/μl,具有较好的现场应用潜力。该检测效率的实现,可能得益于RPA在42℃条件下的高效扩增能力以及单管顺序触发策略有效规避了扩增和切割体系的相互干扰。
与此同时,本研究进一步将OTRRC体系与LFIA平台相结合,建立OTRRC-LFIA方法。与传统的以抗原或抗体为靶标的血清学LFIA检测方法不同,该方法基于病毒核酸检测,在一定程度上规避血清学检测的“窗口期”限制,适用于感染早期实现病原识别。此外,LFIA 摆脱了对荧光检测仪器的依赖,拓展了方法在现场筛查和非实验室环境中的应用潜力。在临床样本检测中,OTRRC-FD与RT-qPCR的一致性达到97.19%,提示该方法在真实样本环境中具有较好的稳定性和可靠性。少数结果有差异的样本可能与病毒载量接近检测限或核酸释放效率存在差异有关,说明在低病毒载量条件下仍需进一步优化反应体系或样本处理策略,以提升检测稳定性。
需要指出的是,流感病毒亚型众多、不同亚型间基因序列存在差异。本研究以甲型H1N1流感病毒为验证对象,对OTRRC体系进行了方法学构建与性能评估,当前方法主要适用于H1N1亚型的快速检测。然而,OTRRC体系本质上为一种单管整合式检测平台,通过更换RPA引物及crRNA,在理论上可拓展至其他甲型流感病毒亚型或其他RNA病毒的检测。同时,本研究在一定程度上简化了检测流程,避免了开盖。但在与LFIA平台结合时,滴加试纸条仍需开盖,在特定条件下仍存在扩增产物气溶胶污染的潜在风险。未来可结合微流控芯片、小型化自动化装置及数字化判读技术,以进一步提升体系的自动化水平、降低污染风险,并拓展其在多病原体检测中的应用潜力。此外,本研究临床样本量及病原体种类相对有限,仍需扩大样本规模并开展多亚型、多病原体验证。
  • 海关总署科研项目(2024HK263)
  • 高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室开放课题2025年(2025ZDSYS010)
  • 重庆市市级公共卫生重点专(学)科建设项目
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512452
  • 接收时间:2025-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-25
基金
海关总署科研项目(2024HK263)
高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室开放课题2025年(2025ZDSYS010)
重庆市市级公共卫生重点专(学)科建设项目
作者信息
    1.重庆国际旅行卫生保健中心(重庆海关口岸门诊部),重庆 401147
    2.重庆海关
    3.重庆海关技术中心
    4.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
    5.重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院)
    6.高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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