Article(id=1324050903363367834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601140, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768060800000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607935037, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607935037, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607935037, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607935037, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2043, endPage=2047, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050903581471643, articleId=1324050903363367834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Practical exploration, major problems, and countermeasure suggestions for medical-prevention collaboration and medical-prevention integration in China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Against the backdrop of transitioning the health governance system from a “treatment-centered” to a “health-centered” approach, deepening medical-prevention collaboration and integration has become a critical pathway for systematically reshaping the public health system. Using the theoretical frameworks of integrated health services and collaborative governance, this study systematically reviews local practices in policy guidance, talent exchange, data interoperability, and supervision mechanisms. It identifies persistent challenges including institutional barriers, limited data sharing, structural imbalances in the workforce, and disconnects in incentives and safeguards, and further explores the underlying causes from the perspectives of institutional logic conflicts, organizational field differentiation, and value orientation divergence. The study proposes systematic countermeasures including strengthening top-level design, breaking down information silos, promoting talent exchange, and reforming payment methods, with clear responsible entities and timelines aligned with the 15th Five-Year Plan priorities, to provide institutional support for building a “health-centered” health governance framework and advancing the Healthy China initiative.

, authors=Ying CUI, Hao CHEN, Cheng-yu LAI, Yuan WANG, Kai-xuan LIU, Lie-yu HUANG, Hao-tian PAN, Qing LV, Yang MEI, authorsList=Ying CUI, Hao CHEN, Cheng-yu LAI, Yuan WANG, Kai-xuan LIU, Lie-yu HUANG, Hao-tian PAN, Qing LV, Yang MEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050905691206556, articleId=1324050903363367834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国医防协同与医防融合的实践探索、主要问题与对策建议, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在卫生健康治理体系从“以治病为中心”向“以健康为中心”转型的背景下,深化医防协同与医防融合是系统重塑公共卫生体系的核心路径。本文以整合型卫生服务理论和协同治理理论为分析框架,系统梳理我国地方在政策引领、人才互通、数据联动及监督机制等方面的实践经验,剖析当前存在的体制机制瓶颈、数据共享壁垒、人才结构失衡及激励保障脱节等核心问题及其深层诱因。研究发现,医防割裂的根源在于制度逻辑冲突、组织场域分化与价值取向分歧的叠加效应。在此基础上,本文提出强化顶层设计、打破信息壁垒、推动人才互通、改革支付方式的系统性对策,并结合“十五五”规划重点任务明确了责任主体与进度安排,为构建“以健康为中心”的卫生健康治理新格局、推进健康中国建设提供制度支撑。

, authors=崔颖, 陈浩, 赖程昱, 王园, 刘凯璇, 黄烈雨, 潘昊天, 闾晴, 梅扬, authorsList=崔颖, 陈浩, 赖程昱, 王园, 刘凯璇, 黄烈雨, 潘昊天, 闾晴, 梅扬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梅扬, authorNote=

崔颖(1968—),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:公共卫生政策

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梅扬,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EhCembX/6yGTlNM+BTHNIw==, magXml=PWp2LjldJgJXWJtBUdREzA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0XAJDrrYQm7QO33DBEIjEA==, pdfFileSize=855399, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ffvIIPE1JcOqUyCwUsYx+A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324050906039333793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050903363367834, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324050906135802787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050903363367834, authorId=1324050906039333793, language=EN, stringName=Ying CUI, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=CUI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324050906215494564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050903363367834, authorId=1324050906039333793, language=CN, stringName=崔颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防科学院),北京 102206, bio={"content":"

崔颖(1968—),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:公共卫生政策

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我国医防协同与医防融合的实践探索、主要问题与对策建议
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崔颖 , 陈浩 , 赖程昱 , 王园 , 刘凯璇 , 黄烈雨 , 潘昊天 , 闾晴 , 梅扬
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(11): 2043-2047
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (11) : 2043 -2047
我国医防协同与医防融合的实践探索、主要问题与对策建议
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崔颖, 陈浩, 赖程昱, 王园, 刘凯璇, 黄烈雨, 潘昊天, 闾晴, 梅扬
作者信息
  • 中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防科学院),北京 102206
通讯作者:
梅扬,E-mail:
作者简介:

崔颖(1968—),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:公共卫生政策

Practical exploration, major problems, and countermeasure suggestions for medical-prevention collaboration and medical-prevention integration in China
Ying CUI, Hao CHEN, Cheng-yu LAI, Yuan WANG, Kai-xuan LIU, Lie-yu HUANG, Hao-tian PAN, Qing LV, Yang MEI
Affiliations
  • Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601140
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在卫生健康治理体系从“以治病为中心”向“以健康为中心”转型的背景下,深化医防协同与医防融合是系统重塑公共卫生体系的核心路径。本文以整合型卫生服务理论和协同治理理论为分析框架,系统梳理我国地方在政策引领、人才互通、数据联动及监督机制等方面的实践经验,剖析当前存在的体制机制瓶颈、数据共享壁垒、人才结构失衡及激励保障脱节等核心问题及其深层诱因。研究发现,医防割裂的根源在于制度逻辑冲突、组织场域分化与价值取向分歧的叠加效应。在此基础上,本文提出强化顶层设计、打破信息壁垒、推动人才互通、改革支付方式的系统性对策,并结合“十五五”规划重点任务明确了责任主体与进度安排,为构建“以健康为中心”的卫生健康治理新格局、推进健康中国建设提供制度支撑。

医防协同  /  医防融合  /  以健康为中心  /  公共卫生治理

Against the backdrop of transitioning the health governance system from a “treatment-centered” to a “health-centered” approach, deepening medical-prevention collaboration and integration has become a critical pathway for systematically reshaping the public health system. Using the theoretical frameworks of integrated health services and collaborative governance, this study systematically reviews local practices in policy guidance, talent exchange, data interoperability, and supervision mechanisms. It identifies persistent challenges including institutional barriers, limited data sharing, structural imbalances in the workforce, and disconnects in incentives and safeguards, and further explores the underlying causes from the perspectives of institutional logic conflicts, organizational field differentiation, and value orientation divergence. The study proposes systematic countermeasures including strengthening top-level design, breaking down information silos, promoting talent exchange, and reforming payment methods, with clear responsible entities and timelines aligned with the 15th Five-Year Plan priorities, to provide institutional support for building a “health-centered” health governance framework and advancing the Healthy China initiative.

Medical-prevention collaboration  /  Medical-prevention integration  /  Health-centered  /  Public health governance
崔颖, 陈浩, 赖程昱, 王园, 刘凯璇, 黄烈雨, 潘昊天, 闾晴, 梅扬. 我国医防协同与医防融合的实践探索、主要问题与对策建议. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2043 -2047 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601140
Ying CUI, Hao CHEN, Cheng-yu LAI, Yuan WANG, Kai-xuan LIU, Lie-yu HUANG, Hao-tian PAN, Qing LV, Yang MEI. Practical exploration, major problems, and countermeasure suggestions for medical-prevention collaboration and medical-prevention integration in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 2043 -2047 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601140
构建“以健康为中心”的卫生健康治理体系,是保障人民健康、维护公共卫生安全、推进健康中国建设的核心任务[1]。推动医防协同、医防融合,是实现这一战略性转型的关键抓手[2]。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》明确提出“促进社会共治、医防协同、医防融合”。国务院办公厅《关于推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的指导意见》(国办发〔2023〕46号)更将“创新医防协同、医防融合机制”确立为系统重塑疾控体系的核心举措,凸显其在卫生健康改革中的基础性地位。
厘清医防协同与医防融合的内涵边界是实践推进的前提。从Valentijn PP提出的整合型卫生服务的“彩虹模型”理论视角出发[3],医防协同与医防融合分别对应中观层面的组织整合与微观层面的服务整合,二者通过“机制协同-资源整合-服务衔接”的递进逻辑,共同构成卫生健康治理模式转型的关键实践路径[4-5]。医防协同聚焦医疗机构、疾控机构及基层卫生机构的分工协作,核心是通过明确职责衔接、优化资源联动构建“各司其职、同向发力”的协作机制;医防融合则侧重-打破医疗与公共卫生服务的传统割裂状态,推动“临床-疾控-社区-居民”全链条服务的有机整合,实现从“疾病治疗”向“健康管理”的全周期覆盖[6]。从协同治理理论视角看,医防融合的核心在于破解不同系统间的制度逻辑冲突、组织场域分化和价值取向分歧,构建资源、信息、能力和激励四维协同的治理框架[7-8]。
2026年全国卫生健康工作会议明确提出“实施强基工程,筑牢基层卫生健康网底”,全国疾病预防控制工作会议强调“推进市域疾控联合体建设,创新医防协同机制”。这两项重点任务为深化医防协同融合指明了方向:强基工程要求将基层作为医防融合的主战场,通过资源下沉和能力提升夯实服务基础;市域疾控联合体建设则要求在区域层面整合疾控与医疗资源,构建纵向贯通、横向联动的协同网络。
我国在突发公共卫生事件应对和重大传染病防控中,初步形成了医防协同的应急响应模式,但长期存在的“重医轻防”倾向、疾控与医疗体系管理分割、协同机制不畅等深层次问题仍未根本解决[9],制约了卫生健康治理整体效能的发挥。基于此,本研究立足新时期卫生健康改革的政策导向与实践需求,系统梳理我国地方医防协同与融合的实践探索,精准剖析核心挑战,提出针对性对策建议。在案例选取过程中遵循“典型性+多样性”原则,综合考虑地区分布、发展水平和实践特色,相关案例数据主要参考实地调研成果、公开政策文件,以及相关会议资料。
多地通过专项政策制定、考核机制绑定推动医防责任落地,构建制度化协同框架。例如,广西南宁市印发《进一步深化医防协同和医防融合工作实施方案》,成立由卫健、医保、财政等多部门组成的专项工作专班,将医防融合工作纳入公立医院改革核心考核指标;贵州省建立“疾控履职-医院评审-院长考核”联动机制,将医疗机构公共卫生工作履职情况直接与医院等级评审结果、主要负责人年度考核等次挂钩;黑龙江省联合多部门出台专项政策,明确二级以上医疗机构公共卫生科的编制保障、职称评聘倾斜政策,细化 15 条核心公共卫生职责清单,为医防协同提供清晰操作指引。市域疾控联合体建设中,温州市创新构建“1+4”疾控联合体模式,以市疾控中心为核心,分片整合12个县(市、区)疾控资源,组建4大疾控联合体,实现技术、人才、设备共享和业务协同,有效破解区域公共卫生资源分布不均、协同不足的难题。
聚焦“医防双通”复合型人才培养,各地探索形成多元化人才能力提升路径。北京市实施“医防复合型人才培养计划”,覆盖二、三级医疗机构内科医师、急救中心临床医师及疾控中心公共卫生医师,通过“理论授课 +案例研讨 + 现场实操”相结合的培训模式,强化临床医师公共卫生应急处置能力与疾控医师临床思维,累积培训超 2 000 人次;湖北省建立“双向进修 + 岗位实践”人才交流机制,一方面选派公共卫生医师赴医疗机构进修临床诊疗知识;另一方面组织临床医师参与传染病防控、慢性病管理等公共卫生工作,2024 年已完成 1 376 人次跨领域培训。山东省搭建医防融合在线培训平台,明确医疗机构专业技术人员每年须完成不少于 14 学时的公共卫生专项培训,培训成效与继续教育学分、职称晋升挂钩。
以一体化信息平台建设为抓手,推动医疗与公共卫生数据互联互通,提升防控精准性。湖北省建成覆盖“省-市- 县-乡”四级的公共卫生综合监测网络,构建“医疗机构监测报告-疾控机构分析预警-跨部门协同处置”的闭环管理机制,实现传染病、慢性病等健康风险的动态追踪;山东青岛市整合哨点医院监测网、致病菌识别网、确证实验室网络等“六网”数据资源,构建传染病监测预警“一张图”,实现风险隐患的可视化研判与快速响应;辽宁大连市建设区域性慢性病管理平台,整合临床诊疗、健康体检、随访干预等多源数据,实现慢性病三级预防资源的统筹调配与共享利用。
作为强化医疗机构公共卫生履职的重要探索,疾控监督员制度在多地试点推广并逐步规范化。该制度通过疾控机构遴选专业人员,在公立医院、基层医疗卫生机构及社会办医机构设立监督员,以“驻点督查+ 信息化监管”相结合的方式,协助指导医疗机构落实公共卫生职责[10]。目前,该制度已在全国多地覆盖千余家医疗机构:深圳市依托智慧监管平台,实现监督数据与医疗服务数据实时协同共享,提升监督精准性;山西省建立“市级统筹-区县联动-机构落实”的三级协同管理体系,明确各层级监督职责;河南省制定《医疗机构疾控监督员工作手册》,设立省级实训基地,构建“监督-指导-协同”三位一体的联动机制,保障制度落地实效。
疾控系统与医疗系统长期处于“分业管理、分灶吃饭”的状态,在管理体制、考核导向、财政保障等方面存在结构性差异,导致协同动力不足。从制度逻辑冲突的视角看,医疗机构遵循“服务量-收入”的市场逻辑,疾控机构遵循“公益-保障”的公共逻辑,两种制度逻辑的内在张力导致协同过程中目标错位、激励不相容[11]。受“效益导向”绩效考核影响,医疗机构普遍存在“重临床、轻公卫”倾向[12]。公共卫生工作多为被动应付;疾控机构在医防协同中缺乏有效的制约与激励手段,难以推动医疗机构主动参与健康管理、风险干预等前端工作,导致协同多停留于疫情处置等应急场景,常态化深度融合缺乏制度保障。强基工程视角下的基层能力短板同样值得关注。“强基工程”要求全面提升基层医疗卫生机构服务能力,但结合本文调研数据显示,基层机构普遍存在公共卫生人员配备不足、专业不对口、高级职称占比低等问题。基层机构既要承担基本医疗服务,又要负责基本公共卫生服务项目,在有限人力条件下难以兼顾质量与效率,成为医防融合的“最后一公里”梗阻。
一方面,医疗系统的电子病历、医院信息系统数据与疾控系统的监测预警数据标准不一、接口不兼容,难以实现实时互通;另一方面,数据安全、隐私保护与权限管理机制不完善,部分地区虽已建成区域健康信息平台,但数据质量参差不齐、共享范围有限,无法支撑传染病精准防控、慢性病全周期管理等医防融合核心需求,制约了治理效能提升。从协同治理视角分析,数据共享障碍的深层诱因包括:数据主权博弈(医疗机构与疾控机构对数据控制权的竞争)、利益相关者博弈(数据提供方与使用方的成本收益不对等)、技术标准滞后(缺乏国家层面的统一数据标准体系)[13]。
医防人才队伍建设面临“供给不足、培养脱节、机制不畅”三重困境。从人才培养范式看,我国临床医学与预防医学教育长期平行发展,形成了“专业隔离、课程隔离、实践隔离”的固化模式,导致从业人员知识结构、思维模式存在显著差异,“懂治不善防、懂防不会治”现象普遍[14]。一是供给与结构失衡,基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生人员缺口较大,且存在专业不对口、高级职称占比偏低等问题,部分省份因合格公共卫生医师短缺,难以推进公卫医师处方权试点工作。二是培养体系脱节,现有交叉培训覆盖面窄、内容针对性不足,难以适配常态化医防融合需求。三是职业发展机制不畅,公共卫生医师在医疗机构中身份定位模糊,职称晋升仍以科研论文为核心评价指标,公共卫生实践能力未得到充分考量,加之薪酬水平普遍低于同级临床医师(约为临床医师的60%~75%),导致人才“下不去、留不住、干不好”。医防管复合型人才培养的迫切需求日益凸显。国家卫生健康委2025年印发的《医防管交叉复合型战略人才专项培训实施方案》指出,到2027年需培养3 000名既懂临床又懂预防还具备管理能力的复合型骨干人才。然而调研显示,当前医防融合培训普遍存在“重形式轻实效、重理论轻实践”的问题,培训内容与岗位胜任力要求脱节,培训结果与职称晋升、绩效分配缺乏有效衔接,难以激发医务人员参与培训的内生动力。
财政对公共卫生的投入在总量和稳定性上均显不足。现行体制下,公共卫生服务经费主要依赖层级化的财政拨款,而现行医保支付制度绝大多数围绕“疾病治疗”设立,极少有为健康管理、风险筛查、干预服务设立支付项目。且“预防”所产生的长期效益无法在医疗机构当期收益中体现,即便医疗机构内部尝试将公卫考核与薪酬挂钩(占比约5%~8%),在强大的医疗服务创收导向下,其激励效果也极为有限[15],使得医防融合缺乏持续的内生经济动力。
以制度创新破解体制机制障碍,推动医防协同从“碎片化实践”向“体系化推进”转变。建议由国家卫生健康委、国家疾控局牵头,制定《医防协同与融合职责指引》《医疗机构公共卫生履职清单与考核标准》,明确疾控机构、医疗机构、基层卫生机构的权责边界与协同路径,全面推进实施,实现二级以上公立医院和疾控机构全覆盖。将公共卫生履职成效全面纳入医院等级评审、财政补助分配、院长年度责任目标考核等核心体系,将考核权重提升至 10%~15%,形成“权责清晰、考核有力、奖惩分明”的制度约束。遴选10~15 个不同规模、不同发展水平的城市(超大城市、地级市、县级市)开展“医防协同与融合标杆城市建设工程”,重点探索常态化协同机制,形成可复制、可推广的实践模式。同时,建议结合“十五五”规划重点任务,将医防协同融合纳入“十五五”卫生健康规划重点工程,设立“医防协同融合能力提升专项”,一是实施“强基工程”医防融合子项目,逐步完成对社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院的医防融合能力标准化建设;二是持续推进市域疾控联合体建设,按照实际情况在各省至少选择2~3个地市开展试点,逐步实现地市级全覆盖;三是建立医防融合绩效考核与财政补助挂钩机制,将考核结果作为分配中央和地方财政补助资金的重要依据。
以标准化建设为基础,推动医疗与公共卫生数据资源统筹利用。一是制定国家统一的医防协同数据标准体系,由国家卫生健康委规划司牵头,明确数据采集范围、格式规范、交互接口要求,实现电子病历、公共卫生监测、健康体检等数据的标准化对接。二是依托全国一体化算力网和区域健康信息平台,构建“医防协同数据中台”,聚焦技术标准统一、权责边界厘清、安全隐私保障等3个重要关键节点,组建医防数据标准化技术委员会完成核心标准研制,明确数据提供方、使用方、管理方的权利义务,建立“安全可控、分级授权”的数据共享机制,进而实现数据自动抓取、智能分析与共享复用,提升重大健康风险的研判、评估、决策能力[16]。三是建立“安全可控、分级授权”的数据共享机制,制定《医防协同数据共享安全规范》,在保障数据安全与隐私保护的前提下,选择 3-5 个省份开展“疾控-医疗数据安全共享试点”(试点期 1年),形成可推广的技术方案与管理规范。
以人才供给侧改革为核心,破解“医防鸿沟”问题。创新人才培养机制,培养具备公共卫生和临床医疗知识的复合型人才[17]。一是落实国家卫生健康委《医防管交叉复合型战略人才专项培训实施方案》,建立常态化双向流动机制。由国家疾控局牵头,各省级卫生健康委组织实施,围绕临床诊疗规范、公共卫生核心技能、卫生管理知识与领导力三大模块,根据《公共卫生医师规范化培训工作方案(试行)》,培训年限为2年,实施‘1+17+6’分阶段培训,包括1个月的综合素养培训、17个月的基本核心能力培训、6个月的岗位强化培训,推动公立医院规范设立公共卫生医师岗位,鼓励疾控机构专业人员嵌入医联体、社区卫生服务中心开展技术指导,将跨机构工作经历作为职称晋升的重要参考。二是优化医学教育课程体系,在临床医学专业增设预防医学核心课程(如流行病学、健康管理),在预防医学专业强化临床诊疗基础培训,从源头培养复合型人才。三是创新人才评价机制,设立“医防融合专项职称序列”,将健康管理成效、公共卫生实践贡献等作为核心评价指标,弱化论文、科研项目等硬性要求。实施“基层医防能力提升工程”,通过定向培养、专项培训等方式,系统性提升基层医务人员医防融合服务能力,并根据地方实践探索,鼓励每个乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心培养1—2名具备医、防、管综合能力的复合型骨干人才。
一是探索设立“医防融合专项基金”,整合基本医保基金与公共卫生服务资金,将健康管理、高危人群筛查、传染病早期干预等符合条件的服务项目纳入医保支付范围[18]。二是建立“绩效挂钩、结余留用”的激励机制,对开展医防融合成效显著(如慢性病发病率下降、传染病聚集性疫情减少)的医疗机构给予财政补助倾斜或绩效奖励[19],形成“钱随事走、效优者得”的资源配置新机制。三是完善基层医防服务经费保障政策,明确基层医疗机构开展公共卫生服务的经费补偿标准,确保人才待遇与工作成效相匹配,稳定基层人才队伍。
推动医防协同与医防融合,是卫生健康治理体系从“以治病为中心”向“以健康为中心”转型的必然要求,已从“理论共识”进入“实践攻坚”阶段。当前地方实践虽形成了政策引领、人才培养、数据联动等多元化探索,但体制机制割裂、信息壁垒、人才失衡、激励不足等结构性问题仍为核心梗阻,需通过系统性制度创新破解。
以整合型卫生服务的彩虹模型为分析框架,我国医防融合在宏观系统整合(政策制度协同)、中观组织整合(机构间协作)和微观服务整合(临床-公卫服务衔接)三个层面均存在短板。宏观层面,医保与公卫资金缺乏统筹机制,绩效考核导向不一致;中观层面,医疗机构与疾控机构权责边界模糊,协同机制不畅;微观层面,临床诊疗与预防服务在服务流程、信息共享、人员协作等方面尚未形成有效闭环。从协同治理理论视角看,破解医防割裂的关键在于构建“资源-信息-能力-激励”四维协同机制:通过资源整合打通资金壁垒,通过信息共享消除数据孤岛,通过能力建设弥合专业鸿沟,通过激励相容激发内生动力。
本研究提出的“顶层设计-数据共享-人才培养-支付改革”四位一体对策体系,紧扣当前医防融合的核心痛点,具有较强的实践针对性:顶层设计旨在破解“协同无依据、考核无抓手”的制度困境;数据共享为医防融合提供技术支撑,实现精准化健康管理;人才培养破解“专业鸿沟”,夯实服务能力基础;支付改革则通过经济激励,构建持续内生动力。四者相互关联、协同发力,方能推动医防融合从“应急性协同”转向“常态化融合”。
未来,需进一步强化政策落地的精准性与协同性:在区域层面,应结合东中西部发展差异,分类推进试点工作;在机构层面,需推动公立医院、疾控机构、基层卫生机构形成责任共同体;在评价层面,应建立科学的医防融合成效评价体系,动态追踪政策实施效果并及时优化调整。唯有通过系统性、深层次的制度创新,才能真正打破“重医轻防”的传统格局,构建“以健康为中心”的卫生健康治理新格局,为健康中国建设奠定坚实的制度基础。
  • 中央财政项目“公共卫生研究与技术支撑”(102393260020010000006)
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601140
  • 接收时间:2026-01-11
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-11
基金
中央财政项目“公共卫生研究与技术支撑”(102393260020010000006)
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    中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防科学院),北京 102206

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梅扬,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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