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Article(id=1324050812531519958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507450, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607913382, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607913382, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607913382, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607913382, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050669933572771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607879384, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670100562, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1717, endPage=1722, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050812745429463, articleId=1324050812531519958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern and breast cancer risk, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and breast cancer risk in women.

Methods

From 2013 to 2014, 718 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province were included in the case group, and 849 women from the same area, age-matched within ±5 years and with no history of cancer, were included in the control group. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on the types, frequencies, and quantities of food consumed by the subjects in the past 12 months. This study used a multivariable conditional logistic regression model to assess the influence of EDIP on the risk of breast cancer among females, and to calculate the corresponding odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was also applied to explore the potential dose-response relationship between EDIP and breast cancer risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the interactions between EDIP and stratification variables such as age and physical activity.

Results

The median age of the case group was 53 years, with 74.1% of the participants being postmenopausal; while the median age of the control group was also 53 years, and 58.2% of the participants in this group were postmenopausal. Following adjustment for potential confounders, the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of breast cancer increased by 17% (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.31) for each one-standard deviation increase in EDIP. Using the T1 group as the reference, the risk of breast cancer increased by 35% in the T3 group (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.76). There was a positive linear dose-response relationship between EDIP and breast cancer risk (P for overall <0.05, P for nonlinearity >0.05). The association between EDIP and breast cancer was stronger in the subgroups of individuals with low levels of physical activity (P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated EDIP was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, but further validation in prospective studies is still needed.

, authors=Bi-jia JIANG1, Miao LONG2, Yun QIAN3, Xi-kang FAN1, Lan CUI1, Zheng ZHU1, Ming WU1, Hao YU1, authorsList=Bi-jia JIANG, Miao LONG, Yun QIAN, Xi-kang FAN, Lan CUI, Zheng ZHU, Ming WU, Hao YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hao YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050813349409242, articleId=1324050812531519958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=经验性膳食炎症评分与乳腺癌患病风险关联分析, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索经验性膳食炎症评分（empirical dietary inflammatory pattern，EDIP）与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联。

方法

2013—2014年在江苏省无锡市收集确诊的718例原发型乳腺癌患者组成病例组，来自同一地区、年龄±5岁、无癌症病史的849名女性组成对照组。采用食物频率问卷收集研究对象过去12个月的食物摄入种类、频率和份量等信息。本研究采用多因素logistic回归模型，评估EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌发病风险之间的关联，计算出比值比（odds ratio，OR）并得到其95%置信区间（confidence interval，CI）。采用限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline，RCS）方法探讨两者之间的剂量-反应关系。亚组分析EDIP评分与年龄、体力活动等分层变量之间的交互作用。

结果

病例组的中位年龄为53岁，74.1%已绝经；对照组的中位年龄为53岁，58.2%已绝经。多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示，在调整混杂因素后，EDIP评分每增加一个标准差，女性乳腺癌患病风险增加17%（OR=1.17，95% CI：1.05～1.31）。以EDIP评分T1组作为参照，T3组女性乳腺癌患病风险增加35%（OR=1.35，95% CI：1.03～1.76）。EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险之间存在线性正向剂量反应关系（P总趋势<0.05，P非线性>0.05），女性乳腺癌患病风险随着EDIP评分的增加而呈现升高的趋势。EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联在低体力活动水平亚组中更强（P交互<0.05）。

结论

在中国人群中，EDIP评分升高与女性乳腺癌患病风险增加有关，未来仍需在前瞻性研究中予以验证。

, authors=姜碧佳1, 龙渺2, 钱云3, 范习康1, 崔岚1, 朱政1, 武鸣1, 俞浩1, authorsList=姜碧佳, 龙渺, 钱云, 范习康, 崔岚, 朱政, 武鸣, 俞浩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=俞浩, authorNote=

姜碧佳（1994—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病预防控制

, correspAuthorsNote=
俞浩，E-mail：
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The Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 149(12): 2206-2218., articleTitle=Development and validation of novel dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050833402376765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Shi JK, Liang ZS, Zhang X, journalName=Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi JK, Liang ZS, Zhang X, et al. Association of physical activity and dietary inflammatory index with overweight/obesity in US adults：NHANES 2007-2018 [J]. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2023, 28(1): 40., articleTitle=Association of physical activity and dietary inflammatory index with overweight/obesity in US adults：NHANES 2007-2018, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324050825449976346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, awardId=WCRF 2011/RFA/473, language=CN, fundingSource=世界癌症研究基金课题“中国人群超重、肥胖与女性癌症关系的研究”项目(WCRF 2011/RFA/473), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324050813655593435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050813668176348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, companyId=1324050813655593435, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050813676564957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, companyId=1324050813655593435, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江苏省疾病预防控制中心，江苏 南京 210009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324050813739479518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050813743673823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, companyId=1324050813739479518, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324050815433978336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050815471727073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, companyId=1324050815433978336, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.无锡市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324050821616382480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Dose-response relationship between EDIP and breast cancer in women, figureFileSmall=TKkgP7X2CyIFU1pBcDAh9w==, figureFileBig=+wQfoQnVDhGNAalMjMBeCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050821750600209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=CN, label=图1, caption=EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的剂量反应关系, figureFileSmall=TKkgP7X2CyIFU1pBcDAh9w==, figureFileBig=+wQfoQnVDhGNAalMjMBeCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050822161642002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of breast cancer case and control ［M（P25，P75），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线特征病例组（n=718）对照组（n=849）χ2/H值P值
EDIP-0.01 (-0.14, 0.08)0.00 (-0.13, 0.11)3.7640.524
年龄（岁）53.00 (46.00, 62.00)53.00 (46.00, 62.00)0.5770.447
BMI（kg/m2）24.69 (22.65, 26.84)23.73 (21.83, 26.04)26.813<0.001
体力活动（MET-h/week）84.00 (54.75, 126.00)84.00 (58.00, 120.33)0.0180.894
人均年收入（万元）1.60 (1.00, 2.00)2.00 (1.25, 3.33)67.978<0.001
癌症家族史81 (11.28)46 (5.42)17.177<0.001
居住地（农村）313 (43.59)365 (42.99)2.1280.345
教育水平34.764<0.001
初中及以下527 (73.40)507 (59.71)
高中132 (18.38)213 (25.09)
大专及以上58 (8.08)127 (14.96)
被动吸烟状态6.9380.074
从未271 (37.74)360 (42.40)
<4次/周93 (12.95)112 (13.19)
≥4次/周323 (44.99)356 (41.93)
饮酒状态1.9560.376
从未658 (91.64)774 (91.17)
<4次/周41 (5.71)59 (6.95)
≥4次/周19 (2.65)16 (1.88)
糖尿病史120 (16.71)80 (9.42)31.625<0.001
高血压史322 (44.85)361 (42.52)11.6210.003
曾经使用口服避孕药143 (19.92)149 (17.55)1.1800.277
曾经接受激素替代治疗39 (5.43)32 (3.77)2.7300.255
已绝经532 (74.10)494 (58.19)44.030<0.001
初潮年龄（岁）8.00 (6.00, 9.00)8.00 (6.00, 9.00)0.0700.792
活产数（个）7.1800.127
未产19 (2.67)11 (1.30)
1426 (58.50)531 (62.54)
2190 (26.46)209 (24.62)
≥367 (9.33)87 (10.25)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050822241333779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

病例组与对照组的基本特征［M（P25，P75），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线特征病例组（n=718）对照组（n=849）χ2/H值P值
EDIP-0.01 (-0.14, 0.08)0.00 (-0.13, 0.11)3.7640.524
年龄（岁）53.00 (46.00, 62.00)53.00 (46.00, 62.00)0.5770.447
BMI（kg/m2）24.69 (22.65, 26.84)23.73 (21.83, 26.04)26.813<0.001
体力活动（MET-h/week）84.00 (54.75, 126.00)84.00 (58.00, 120.33)0.0180.894
人均年收入（万元）1.60 (1.00, 2.00)2.00 (1.25, 3.33)67.978<0.001
癌症家族史81 (11.28)46 (5.42)17.177<0.001
居住地（农村）313 (43.59)365 (42.99)2.1280.345
教育水平34.764<0.001
初中及以下527 (73.40)507 (59.71)
高中132 (18.38)213 (25.09)
大专及以上58 (8.08)127 (14.96)
被动吸烟状态6.9380.074
从未271 (37.74)360 (42.40)
<4次/周93 (12.95)112 (13.19)
≥4次/周323 (44.99)356 (41.93)
饮酒状态1.9560.376
从未658 (91.64)774 (91.17)
<4次/周41 (5.71)59 (6.95)
≥4次/周19 (2.65)16 (1.88)
糖尿病史120 (16.71)80 (9.42)31.625<0.001
高血压史322 (44.85)361 (42.52)11.6210.003
曾经使用口服避孕药143 (19.92)149 (17.55)1.1800.277
曾经接受激素替代治疗39 (5.43)32 (3.77)2.7300.255
已绝经532 (74.10)494 (58.19)44.030<0.001
初潮年龄（岁）8.00 (6.00, 9.00)8.00 (6.00, 9.00)0.0700.792
活产数（个）7.1800.127
未产19 (2.67)11 (1.30)
1426 (58.50)531 (62.54)
2190 (26.46)209 (24.62)
≥367 (9.33)87 (10.25)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050822337802772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The association between EDIP and risk of breast cancer in women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EDIP分组病例组/对照组OR (95% CI)
模型1a模型2b
T1 (-3.51, -0.09)221/3011.001.00
T2 (-0.10, 0.06)244/2781.17 (0.92～1.50)1.23 (0.94～1.60)
T3 (0.07, 1.97)252/2701.27 (0.99～1.63)1.35 (1.03～.76)
趋势检验P值0.0560.026
每增加一个标准差1.10 (1.00～1.23)1.17 (1.05～1.31)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050822459437589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EDIP分组病例组/对照组OR (95% CI)
模型1a模型2b
T1 (-3.51, -0.09)221/3011.001.00
T2 (-0.10, 0.06)244/2781.17 (0.92～1.50)1.23 (0.94～1.60)
T3 (0.07, 1.97)252/2701.27 (0.99～1.63)1.35 (1.03～.76)
趋势检验P值0.0560.026
每增加一个标准差1.10 (1.00～1.23)1.17 (1.05～1.31)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050822572683798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Stratified analyses of association between EDPI and breast cancer risk in women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例组/对照组OR (95% CI) a交互作用P值
年龄（岁）0.067
60496/6071.16 (1.01～1.34)
>60222/2421.21 (0.98～1.53)
体力活动水平（MET-h/week）0.013
84365/4251.19 (1.01～1.42)
>84353/4241.17 (0.99～1.38)
BMI (kg/m2)0.841
24296/4491.14 (0.96～1.37)
>24422/4001.20 (1.03～1.41)
被动吸烟状态0.932
否271/3601.32 (1.09～1.60)
是416/4681.20 (1.01～1.42)
饮酒状态0.908
否658/7741.18 (1.05～1.33)
是60/750.97 (0.62～1.55)
乳腺癌家族史0.375
否637/8031.21 (1.07～1.36)
是81/461.03 (0.61～1.66)
居住地0.420
农村313/3651.09 (0.92～1.30)
城市402/4751.25 (1.07～1.47)
绝经状态0.691
未绝经186/3541.21 (0.99～1.48)
已绝经532/4941.19 (1.02～1.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050822643986967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的分层分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例组/对照组OR (95% CI) a交互作用P值
年龄（岁）0.067
60496/6071.16 (1.01～1.34)
>60222/2421.21 (0.98～1.53)
体力活动水平（MET-h/week）0.013
84365/4251.19 (1.01～1.42)
>84353/4241.17 (0.99～1.38)
BMI (kg/m2)0.841
24296/4491.14 (0.96～1.37)
>24422/4001.20 (1.03～1.41)
被动吸烟状态0.932
否271/3601.32 (1.09～1.60)
是416/4681.20 (1.01～1.42)
饮酒状态0.908
否658/7741.18 (1.05～1.33)
是60/750.97 (0.62～1.55)
乳腺癌家族史0.375
否637/8031.21 (1.07～1.36)
是81/461.03 (0.61～1.66)
居住地0.420
农村313/3651.09 (0.92～1.30)
城市402/4751.25 (1.07～1.47)
绝经状态0.691
未绝经186/3541.21 (0.99～1.48)
已绝经532/4941.19 (1.02～1.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050824581755416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensitivity analyses of association between EDIP and breast cancer risk in women [OR (95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型第一组第二组第三组趋势检验P值每增加一个标准差
额外调整宫颈癌病史1.001.21 (0.92～1.58)1.36 (1.04～1.78)0.0241.16 (1.04～1.31)
使用WHR替代BMI1.001.23 (0.95～1.60)1.36 (1.04～1.77)0.0231.17 (1.05～1.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1324050825055711769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050812531519958, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的敏感性分析结果[OR (95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型第一组第二组第三组趋势检验P值每增加一个标准差
额外调整宫颈癌病史1.001.21 (0.92～1.58)1.36 (1.04～1.78)0.0241.16 (1.04～1.31)
使用WHR替代BMI1.001.23 (0.95～1.60)1.36 (1.04～1.77)0.0231.17 (1.05～1.32)
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经验性膳食炎症评分与乳腺癌患病风险关联分析
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姜碧佳 1 , 龙渺 2 , 钱云 3 , 范习康 1 , 崔岚 1 , 朱政 1 , 武鸣 1 , 俞浩 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2026,53(9): 1717-1722
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2026 , 53 (9) : 1717 -1722
经验性膳食炎症评分与乳腺癌患病风险关联分析
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姜碧佳1, 龙渺2, 钱云3, 范习康1, 崔岚1, 朱政1, 武鸣1, 俞浩1
作者信息
  • 1.江苏省疾病预防控制中心，江苏 南京 210009
  • 2.南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.无锡市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
俞浩，E-mail：
作者简介:

姜碧佳（1994—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：慢性病预防控制

Association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern and breast cancer risk
Bi-jia JIANG1, Miao LONG2, Yun QIAN3, Xi-kang FAN1, Lan CUI1, Zheng ZHU1, Ming WU1, Hao YU1
Affiliations
  • Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507450
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摘要
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目的

探索经验性膳食炎症评分（empirical dietary inflammatory pattern，EDIP）与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联。

方法

2013—2014年在江苏省无锡市收集确诊的718例原发型乳腺癌患者组成病例组，来自同一地区、年龄±5岁、无癌症病史的849名女性组成对照组。采用食物频率问卷收集研究对象过去12个月的食物摄入种类、频率和份量等信息。本研究采用多因素logistic回归模型，评估EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌发病风险之间的关联，计算出比值比（odds ratio，OR）并得到其95%置信区间（confidence interval，CI）。采用限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline，RCS）方法探讨两者之间的剂量-反应关系。亚组分析EDIP评分与年龄、体力活动等分层变量之间的交互作用。

结果

病例组的中位年龄为53岁，74.1%已绝经；对照组的中位年龄为53岁，58.2%已绝经。多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示，在调整混杂因素后，EDIP评分每增加一个标准差，女性乳腺癌患病风险增加17%（OR=1.17，95% CI：1.05～1.31）。以EDIP评分T1组作为参照，T3组女性乳腺癌患病风险增加35%（OR=1.35，95% CI：1.03～1.76）。EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险之间存在线性正向剂量反应关系（P总趋势<0.05，P非线性>0.05），女性乳腺癌患病风险随着EDIP评分的增加而呈现升高的趋势。EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联在低体力活动水平亚组中更强（P交互<0.05）。

结论

在中国人群中，EDIP评分升高与女性乳腺癌患病风险增加有关，未来仍需在前瞻性研究中予以验证。

经验性膳食炎症评分  /  乳腺癌  /  病例对照研究
Objective

To analyze the association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and breast cancer risk in women.

Methods

From 2013 to 2014, 718 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province were included in the case group, and 849 women from the same area, age-matched within ±5 years and with no history of cancer, were included in the control group. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on the types, frequencies, and quantities of food consumed by the subjects in the past 12 months. This study used a multivariable conditional logistic regression model to assess the influence of EDIP on the risk of breast cancer among females, and to calculate the corresponding odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was also applied to explore the potential dose-response relationship between EDIP and breast cancer risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the interactions between EDIP and stratification variables such as age and physical activity.

Results

The median age of the case group was 53 years, with 74.1% of the participants being postmenopausal; while the median age of the control group was also 53 years, and 58.2% of the participants in this group were postmenopausal. Following adjustment for potential confounders, the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of breast cancer increased by 17% (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.31) for each one-standard deviation increase in EDIP. Using the T1 group as the reference, the risk of breast cancer increased by 35% in the T3 group (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.76). There was a positive linear dose-response relationship between EDIP and breast cancer risk (P for overall <0.05, P for nonlinearity >0.05). The association between EDIP and breast cancer was stronger in the subgroups of individuals with low levels of physical activity (P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated EDIP was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, but further validation in prospective studies is still needed.

Empirical dietary inflammatory pattern  /  Breast cancer  /  Case-control study
姜碧佳, 龙渺, 钱云, 范习康, 崔岚, 朱政, 武鸣, 俞浩. 经验性膳食炎症评分与乳腺癌患病风险关联分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1717 -1722 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507450
Bi-jia JIANG, Miao LONG, Yun QIAN, Xi-kang FAN, Lan CUI, Zheng ZHU, Ming WU, Hao YU. Association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern and breast cancer risk[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1717 -1722 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507450
正文
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在我国，2022年女性乳腺癌的发病例数在女性恶性肿瘤中位居第二位，死亡例数位居第三位，年龄标准化发病率为35.30/10万，死亡率为6.27/10万[1]。预计到2030年，我国女性乳腺癌的发病与死亡负担将分别增加约37%和54%，总体呈持续上升趋势[2]。
通过饮食干预降低机体炎症水平，有助于减少多种慢性病的发病风险[3]。2016年哈佛大学Fred等[4]基于美国护士健康研究数据创建了经验性膳食炎症评分（empirical dietary inflammatory pattern, EDIP），以评估饮食整体的炎症潜能，并在护士健康研究II和卫生专业人员随访研究中予以验证。大量研究表明，EDIP与肥胖[5]、2型糖尿病[6-7]、心血管疾病[8]和恶性肿瘤[9-13]等慢性疾病的发病风险呈正相关，然而中国人群中EDIP评分与乳腺癌患病风险之间的关联是否存在尚不明确[14-15]。本研究利用江苏省某市开展的乳腺癌研究数据，探讨EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌发病风险之间的相关性，为膳食干预降低机体全身慢性低度炎症水平、预防乳腺癌的发生、发展提供参考依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究对象
研究对象为在江苏省无锡市居住满5年及以上的女性[16]。本研究选取2013年11月—2014年11月经临床确诊的718例原发乳腺癌患者（ICD-10编码C50）为病例组，按频数匹配方法，以地区相同、年龄相差不超过5岁、无恶性肿瘤病史为原则在同一地区人群的电子健康记录数据库中随机选取849人为对照组。研究对象均已签署知情同意书，该项目也已通过江苏省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准。
1.2　资料收集
所有符合标准的受访者被邀请至无锡市妇幼保健院，接受问卷调查、身体测量以及血液样本的采集。问卷内容涵盖人口统计学特征（如年龄、教育程度与经济状况）、生活习惯（包括吸烟、饮酒、膳食结构与体育活动）、个人与家族病史、居住环境、职业暴露史及女性生理状况（初潮年龄、生育史等）等方面。对每位参与者进行体重、身高、腰围和臀围测量，所有数值均记录至小数点后一位。研究对象均接受乳腺、腹部B超检查和乳腺造影等检查，抽取10 ml空腹静脉血进行生化分析。
本研究采用食物频率问卷（food frequency questionnaires, FFQ）[17]，收集研究对象过去12个月的食物摄入种类、频率和份量等信息。内容主要包括23种食物和饮料项目，基本涵盖中国人群日常饮食种类。对于每种食物，参与者需要报告是否摄入、摄入频率（每天/周/月/年的摄入次数）和单次摄入量，在问卷中使用中国传统单位“两”来计量固态食物的重量（1两=50 g），使用“杯”衡量饮料的摄入量（1杯=250 ml）。利用从FFQ中收集到的食物频率和份量信息，计算出各类食物和饮料的平均每日摄入量，并结合中国食物成分表计算每种食物的能量，相加以获得参与者每日总能量摄入量[17]。
1.3　变量定义
1.3.1　研究指标
本研究参照既往文献构建EDIP评分，评分越高，代表饮食整体的促炎能力更强[4]。
1.3.2　协变量定义
（1）身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）[18]：根据体重（kg）除以身高的二次方（m2）计算得出。（2）被动吸烟：指非吸烟者每日吸入他人吸烟所产生的烟雾，且持续时间超过15 min[18]。（3）饮酒行为：定义为调查对象平均每月至少饮用酒精饮料一次[18]。（4）体力活动评估：利用代谢当量（metabolic equivalent of task, MET）衡量活动强度，监测方法采用的是全球体力活动问卷（Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, GPAQ）[19]，个体各类活动相应MET值与其每周累积时间（h/week）乘积的总和作为该研究对象每周总体力活动水平（MET-h/week）。（5）糖尿病：当空腹血糖值≥7.0 mmol/L时或根据自报乡镇及以上医疗机构的诊断结果来进行判定[19]。（6）高血压：在未服用降压药物情况下两次测得收缩压≥140 mm Hg和（或）舒张压≥90 mm Hg或依据自报经乡镇及以上医疗机构确诊作为诊断标准[19]。（7）乳腺癌家族史：指调查对象的一级亲属（包括母亲、姐妹或女儿）中有经确诊的乳腺癌病例。
1.4　统计学分析
由于本研究所有连续变量均不服从正态分布，故采用中位数［M（P25，P75）］进行统计描述，组间差异通过Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行比较；分类变量计算百分比，采用χ2检验进行组间比较。按照EDIP评分的三分位数，将研究对象分为T1～T3三组，划分的截点值分别为-0.09和0.07，以T1组作为参照，采用多因素logistic回归分析，得到比值比（odds ratio, OR）和95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI）。模型1控制了年龄（岁）、地区（城市/农村）和人均年收入（元）变量；模型2则在模型1的基础上，进一步纳入文化程度（初中及以下、高中、大专及以上）、BMI（kg/m2）、身体活动水平（MET-h/week）、总能量摄入（kcal）、被动吸烟状态（从不、<4次/周、≥4次/周）、饮酒状态（从不、<4次/周、≥4次/周）、是否患有糖尿病（是/否）以及高血压病史（是/否）、乳腺癌家族史（有/无）、绝经状态（未绝经/已绝经）、初潮年龄（岁）、是否使用口服避孕药（是/否）、活产次数（未产、1次、2次、≥3次）、是否接受过雌激素替代疗法（是/否）。随后，拟合EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌发病风险之间的剂量-反应关系[通过设置4个节点的限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline, RCS）]，采用似然比检验比较仅有EDIP线性项的模型与同时存在线性项和立方样条项的模型来获得总体关联P值（P总关联）和非线性P值（P非线性），若P总关联<0.05且P非线性<0.05表明关联为非线性；若P总关联<0.05且P非线性≥0.05则关联为线性。以EDIP评分，比较每增加一个单位时在不同人口学与行为特征亚组中与乳腺癌风险之间的关联是否存在统计学上的显著差异。分层变量包括：年龄（≤60岁、>60岁）、BMI（<24 kg/m2、≥24 kg/m2）、居住地区（城市、农村）、体力活动水平（≤84 MET-h/week、>84 MET-h/week）、是否存在被动吸烟（是、否）以及饮酒行为（是、否）、乳腺癌家族史（是、否）、绝经状态（未绝经、已绝经）。为检验关联的稳健性，本研究进行多项敏感性分析：（1）为评估关联是否受到肥胖类型的影响，采用腰臀比（waist-to-hip ratio）替代模型2中的BMI；（2）额外调整基线宫颈癌病史（是、否）。数据分析均采用双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。本研究使用R 4.2.3软件进行数据统计分析。
2　结果
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2.1　研究人群基本特征
本研究共纳入718名病例和849名对照，病例组与对照组在文化程度、人均年收入、BMI、糖尿病史、乳腺癌家族史以及绝经状态方面的分布差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。病例组EDIP评分的［M（P25，P75）］为-0.01 (-0.14, 0.08)，对照组为0.00 (-0.13, 0.11)，差异无统计学意义（P=0.524）。见表1。
2.2　EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联分析
调整混杂因素后，logistic回归分析结果显示，EDIP每增加一个标准差，女性乳腺癌患病风险增加17%（OR=1.17, 95% CI：1.05～1.31）。以EDIP评分T1组作为参照，T3组女性乳腺癌患病风险增加35%（OR=1.35,95% CI：1.03～1.76），见表2。EDIP评分与乳腺癌患病风险的剂量反应关系呈线性正相关（P总关联<0.05，P非线性>0.05），见图1。
2.3　EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的分层分析
分层分析结果显示，EDIP与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联在不同体力活动水平人群中的差异有统计学意义（P交互<0.05）。在低体力活动水平亚组中EDIP评分每增加一个标准差与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联具有统计学意义，见表3。
2.4　EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的敏感性分析
多项敏感性分析结果显示，EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险的关联基本保持不变，见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究分析了EDIP评分与乳腺癌患病风险的关联。结果显示，EDIP评分与乳腺癌患病风险呈线性正相关，高EDIP评分可显著增加低体力活动者乳腺癌的患病风险。
EDIP评分作为一项评估膳食整体炎症潜能的新型指标，在多个国外人群中，已被证明与女性乳腺癌发病风险呈正相关[9-13]，一项基于美国护士健康队列的研究表明，青少年时期遵循以促炎为特点的膳食将增加绝经前乳腺癌的发病风险（HR=1.35, 95% CI：1.06～1.73）[20]。一项基于11万名美国绝经女性的前瞻性研究表明，EDIP评分每增加一标准差，乳腺癌发病风险增加5%（HR=1.05, 95% CI：1.00～1.10）[14]。另一项基于20万名美国女性的研究发现，与最低五分位数组相比，EDIP评分最高五分位数组参与者乳腺癌发病风险增加12%（HR=1.12, 95% CI：1.05～1.19），关联强度因乳腺癌分子亚型而异[15]。与多项国外研究结果一致，本研究发现在中国人群中EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险呈正相关，两者之间的关联可能与以下生物学机制有关。首先，促炎膳食能够激活多种炎症细胞因子。既往研究表明，EDIP评分与女性CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2浓度增高和脂联素浓度下降有关[21]。构成EDIP评分的食物，如精制谷物、咖啡、蔬菜和红肉等，能够显著调节机体TNF-α、CRP和脂联素等多种炎症细胞因子的水平，而这些炎症细胞因子在乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用[22-25]。其次，最近研究表明饮食相关的炎症在肥胖中发挥着关键作用，EDIP评分作为评估膳食整体炎症潜能的指标，已被证明与超重肥胖密切相关[4,26]。超重肥胖往往会导致内脏脂肪堆积，过多的内脏脂肪组织能够促进芳香化酶的活化，从而增加内源性雌激素的合成，进一步刺激乳腺细胞异常增殖，最终导致乳腺癌的发生风险升高[27]。再者，乳腺脂肪组织中促炎巨噬细胞的积累也可能会增加乳腺肿瘤的形成[28]。
本研究表明，在体力活动水平较低的人群中，EDIP评分与乳腺癌风险之间的关联更为显著，提示膳食的炎症效应可能与个体其他生活习惯存在交互作用，共同影响女性乳腺癌的发生风险。体力活动不足作为乳腺癌的一个已知危险因素，其潜在机制包括促使内源性雌激素水平升高、诱发胰岛素抵抗及加剧氧化应激等。与此同时，促炎饮食模式往往与上述代谢异常并存[29]，机制上的重叠可能在一定程度上解释了为何在低体力活动群体中，EDIP评分与乳腺癌风险之间的关联更为紧密。此外，低体力活动者往往还伴随着其它不良生活习惯，如久坐时间长和超重肥胖等。这些不良习惯可能与促炎膳食协同作用，进一步增加乳腺癌的发病风险[30]。
本次研究也存在一定局限性。第一，EDIP评分是基于欧美人群开发的，食物的选择更倾向于西方膳食模式，而中国人群的膳食模式和烹饪习惯与欧美人群存在着较大的差异。未来应重点关注适用于中国人群的膳食炎症潜能评估工具的开发、验证，推动我国乳腺癌的病因研究和营养干预。第二，通过问卷调查收集信息，因此可能存在回忆偏倚。第三，本研究仅使用12种食物成分构建EDIP评分。第四，本研究的研究对象来源为江苏省无锡市居民，结果外推时需谨慎。第五，本研究以验证研究为主，缺乏对于膳食整体炎症潜能与乳腺癌患病风险的机制探索。
综上，EDIP评分与女性乳腺癌患病风险呈线性正向关联，且这种关联在低体力活动人群中更强，提示可通过调整饮食结构，减少导致高膳食炎症潜能的食物摄入，同时改变低体力活动等不良生活方式，降低乳腺癌的发病风险。
基金
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  • 世界癌症研究基金课题“中国人群超重、肥胖与女性癌症关系的研究”项目(WCRF 2011/RFA/473)
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2026年第53卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507450
  • 接收时间：2025-07-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-25
基金
世界癌症研究基金课题“中国人群超重、肥胖与女性癌症关系的研究”项目(WCRF 2011/RFA/473)
作者信息
    1.江苏省疾病预防控制中心，江苏 南京 210009
    2.南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心
    3.无锡市疾病预防控制中心

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