Article(id=1324050791580971372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511138, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607908386, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607908386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607908386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607908386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050669933572771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607879384, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670100562, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1691, endPage=1696, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050791786492269, articleId=1324050791580971372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Medication adherence among older adults living with HIV from the perspective of social cognitive theory, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Based on the social cognitive theory, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of outcome expectations in the relationship between physician-patient trust and medication adherence among older adults living with HIV, so as to provide evidence for developing effective intervention strategies.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2024 in six districts (counties, county-level cites) of Xiangyang City, using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the Physician-Patient Trust Scale, and the Outcome Expectations Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test the mediating effect of outcome expectations.

Results

A total of 203 valid samples were obtained. The analysis revealed that factors such as gender, place of residence, average monthly household income, occupational status, alcohol consumption, and adverse drug reactions had significant effects on medication adherence (P<0.05). Physician-patient trust and outcome expectations were significantly positively correlated with antiretroviral medication adherence (r=0.37, P<0.001). Outcome expectations played a partial mediating role between physician-patient trust and medication adherence, with a mediation effect of 10%.

Conclusion

Physician-patient trust can significantly improve medication adherence in older adults with HIV by enhancing their positive outcome expectations. It is recommended that antiretroviral therapy programs for this population focus on strengthening patients’ positive perceptions of treatment benefits to improve their medication adherence.

, authors=Jing-yue WANG1, Jie YU1, Hang-jing ZHANG1, Dong-zhou ZHU2, Jun HE2, Ju-yang XIONG1, authorsList=Jing-yue WANG, Jie YU, Hang-jing ZHANG, Dong-zhou ZHU, Jun HE, Ju-yang XIONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ju-yang XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050794361794936, articleId=1324050791580971372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=社会认知理论视角下老年HIV感染者用药依从性研究, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究基于社会认知理论,探讨结果预期在老年HIV感染者医患信任与用药依从性间的中介作用,为制定有效的干预策略提供依据。

方法

本研究于2024年7—10月,在襄阳市6个区(县、市)采用分层随机抽样法进行横断面调查,使用Morisky用药依从性量表、医患信任量表及结果预期量表收集数据,并采用分层回归分析以检验结果预期的中介效应。

结果

共获得有效样本203例。结果显示,性别、居住地、家庭月均收入、职业状况、饮酒及药物不良反应等因素对老年HIV感染者抗病毒用药依从性有显著影响(P<0.05)。医患信任、结果预期与用药依从性呈显著正相关(r=0.37,P<0.001)。结果预期在医患信任与用药依从性之间的中介效应为10%。

结论

医患信任可通过结果预期显著改善老年HIV感染者用药依从行为。建议在老年HIV感染者抗病毒治疗过程中,注重提高感染者对抗病毒治疗结果的正向获益预期,以提升感染者用药依从性。

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汪静悦(2006—),女,本科在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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熊巨洋,E-mail:
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Analysis of HIV/AIDS related discrimination and its correlates with compliableness in using anti-virus drug and other factors [J]. Journal of Medical Research, 2013, 42(3): 18-20. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of HIV/AIDS related discrimination and its correlates with compliableness in using anti-virus drug and other factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050811935928789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=334, issue=2, pageStart=171, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Laferton JAC, Rief W, Shedden-Mora M, journalName=JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laferton JAC, Rief W, Shedden-Mora M. Improving patients' treatment expectations [J]. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association, 2025, 334(2): 171-172., articleTitle=Improving patients' treatment expectations, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324050803215970732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, awardId=WJ2021M101, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)感染者门诊直接医疗费用测算及支付方式研究(WJ2021M101), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324050795678806393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050795691389306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, companyId=1324050795678806393, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050795699777915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, companyId=1324050795678806393, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院,湖北 武汉 430030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324050795779469692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050795787858301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, companyId=1324050795779469692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.襄阳市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324050800699388324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The mediation model of outcome expectations between physician-patient trust and medication adherence, figureFileSmall=TVGyOqn2QK9saO6/v67cAQ==, figureFileBig=zcjMWeDNlYVZ7oDdrLLHsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050800783274405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=CN, label=图1, caption=结果预期在医患信任与用药依从性间的中介作用模型

注:**表示P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=TVGyOqn2QK9saO6/v67cAQ==, figureFileBig=zcjMWeDNlYVZ7oDdrLLHsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050801496306086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Differences in medication adherence scores among HIV patients with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数(%)用药依从性得分()F值P值
性别12.947<0.001
男125(61.6)6.70±0.65
女78(38.4)6.85±0.46
居住地18.826<0.001
城镇77(37.9)6.58±0.67
农村126(62.1)6.87±0.50
文化程度2.0390.110
小学及以下115(56.7)6.81±0.56
初中62(30.5)6.72±0.63
高中或中专21(10.3)6.70±0.59
大专或专科5(2.5)6.20±0.11
家庭月均收入(元)5.182<0.001
<3 00085(41.9)6.45 ± 0.72
3 000~4 99965(32.0)6.70 ± 0.65
5 000~7 00038(18.7)6.95 ± 0.61
>7 00015(7.4)7.20 ± 0.55
婚姻状况0.4010.670
已婚159(78.3)6.77±0.56
离异19(9.4)6.65±0.77
丧偶及其他25(12.3)6.76±0.61
职业状况3.6250.014
全职6(3.0)7.00±0.50
半职35(17.2)6.71±0.60
没有工作114(56.2)6.85±0.50
离退休48(23.6)6.55±0.70
过去1个月是否吸烟0.0080.928
是163(80.3)6.77±0.57
否40(19.7)6.70±0.68
过去1个月是否饮酒8.5420.004
是47(23.2)6.64±0.70
否156(76.8)6.79±0.54
发生药物不良反应21.063<0.001
是48(23.6)6.51±0.78
否155(76.4)6.84±0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1324050801638912423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征HIV感染者用药依从性得分差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数(%)用药依从性得分()F值P值
性别12.947<0.001
男125(61.6)6.70±0.65
女78(38.4)6.85±0.46
居住地18.826<0.001
城镇77(37.9)6.58±0.67
农村126(62.1)6.87±0.50
文化程度2.0390.110
小学及以下115(56.7)6.81±0.56
初中62(30.5)6.72±0.63
高中或中专21(10.3)6.70±0.59
大专或专科5(2.5)6.20±0.11
家庭月均收入(元)5.182<0.001
<3 00085(41.9)6.45 ± 0.72
3 000~4 99965(32.0)6.70 ± 0.65
5 000~7 00038(18.7)6.95 ± 0.61
>7 00015(7.4)7.20 ± 0.55
婚姻状况0.4010.670
已婚159(78.3)6.77±0.56
离异19(9.4)6.65±0.77
丧偶及其他25(12.3)6.76±0.61
职业状况3.6250.014
全职6(3.0)7.00±0.50
半职35(17.2)6.71±0.60
没有工作114(56.2)6.85±0.50
离退休48(23.6)6.55±0.70
过去1个月是否吸烟0.0080.928
是163(80.3)6.77±0.57
否40(19.7)6.70±0.68
过去1个月是否饮酒8.5420.004
是47(23.2)6.64±0.70
否156(76.8)6.79±0.54
发生药物不良反应21.063<0.001
是48(23.6)6.51±0.78
否155(76.4)6.84±0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1324050801961873832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Hierarchical regression analysis of physician-patient trust, outcome expectations, and control variables on medication adherence among older patients with HIV infection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归模型结果变量预测变量R 值R2 值F 值β 值P 值
模型Ⅰ用药依从性医患信任0.440.199.5000.32<0.001
收入-0.110.003
性别0.020.780
是否饮酒0.280.003
模型Ⅱ结果预期医患信任0.500.2510.6720.64<0.001
收入0.240.162
性别-0.600.082
是否饮酒1.62<0.001
模型Ⅲ用药依从性医患信任0.440.199.5510.27<0.001
结果预期0.07<0.001
收入-0.13<0.001
性别0.030.702
是否饮酒0.060.443
), ArticleFig(id=1324050802347749801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

医患信任、结果预期及控制变量对老年HIV感染者用药依从性的分层回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归模型结果变量预测变量R 值R2 值F 值β 值P 值
模型Ⅰ用药依从性医患信任0.440.199.5000.32<0.001
收入-0.110.003
性别0.020.780
是否饮酒0.280.003
模型Ⅱ结果预期医患信任0.500.2510.6720.64<0.001
收入0.240.162
性别-0.600.082
是否饮酒1.62<0.001
模型Ⅲ用药依从性医患信任0.440.199.5510.27<0.001
结果预期0.07<0.001
收入-0.13<0.001
性别0.030.702
是否饮酒0.060.443
), ArticleFig(id=1324050802742014378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bootstrap mediation test for the outcome expectations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目效应值(95%CI) P值效应占比(%)
总效应0.300(0.195~0.405)0.053<0.001
直接效应0.270(0.166~0.373)0.053<0.00190
中介效应0.030(0.001~0.061)0.015<0.00110
), ArticleFig(id=1324050802876232107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050791580971372, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

结果预期的bootstrap中介检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目效应值(95%CI) P值效应占比(%)
总效应0.300(0.195~0.405)0.053<0.001
直接效应0.270(0.166~0.373)0.053<0.00190
中介效应0.030(0.001~0.061)0.015<0.00110
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社会认知理论视角下老年HIV感染者用药依从性研究
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汪静悦 1 , 余杰 1 , 张杭婧 1 , 朱东周 2 , 贺军 2 , 熊巨洋 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(9): 1691-1696
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (9) : 1691 -1696
社会认知理论视角下老年HIV感染者用药依从性研究
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汪静悦1, 余杰1, 张杭婧1, 朱东周2, 贺军2, 熊巨洋1
作者信息
  • 1.华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院,湖北 武汉 430030
  • 2.襄阳市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
熊巨洋,E-mail:
作者简介:

汪静悦(2006—),女,本科在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

Medication adherence among older adults living with HIV from the perspective of social cognitive theory
Jing-yue WANG1, Jie YU1, Hang-jing ZHANG1, Dong-zhou ZHU2, Jun HE2, Ju-yang XIONG1
Affiliations
  • School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511138
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目的

本研究基于社会认知理论,探讨结果预期在老年HIV感染者医患信任与用药依从性间的中介作用,为制定有效的干预策略提供依据。

方法

本研究于2024年7—10月,在襄阳市6个区(县、市)采用分层随机抽样法进行横断面调查,使用Morisky用药依从性量表、医患信任量表及结果预期量表收集数据,并采用分层回归分析以检验结果预期的中介效应。

结果

共获得有效样本203例。结果显示,性别、居住地、家庭月均收入、职业状况、饮酒及药物不良反应等因素对老年HIV感染者抗病毒用药依从性有显著影响(P<0.05)。医患信任、结果预期与用药依从性呈显著正相关(r=0.37,P<0.001)。结果预期在医患信任与用药依从性之间的中介效应为10%。

结论

医患信任可通过结果预期显著改善老年HIV感染者用药依从行为。建议在老年HIV感染者抗病毒治疗过程中,注重提高感染者对抗病毒治疗结果的正向获益预期,以提升感染者用药依从性。

老年HIV感染者  /  用药依从性  /  社会认知理论  /  中介效应
Objective

Based on the social cognitive theory, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of outcome expectations in the relationship between physician-patient trust and medication adherence among older adults living with HIV, so as to provide evidence for developing effective intervention strategies.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2024 in six districts (counties, county-level cites) of Xiangyang City, using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the Physician-Patient Trust Scale, and the Outcome Expectations Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test the mediating effect of outcome expectations.

Results

A total of 203 valid samples were obtained. The analysis revealed that factors such as gender, place of residence, average monthly household income, occupational status, alcohol consumption, and adverse drug reactions had significant effects on medication adherence (P<0.05). Physician-patient trust and outcome expectations were significantly positively correlated with antiretroviral medication adherence (r=0.37, P<0.001). Outcome expectations played a partial mediating role between physician-patient trust and medication adherence, with a mediation effect of 10%.

Conclusion

Physician-patient trust can significantly improve medication adherence in older adults with HIV by enhancing their positive outcome expectations. It is recommended that antiretroviral therapy programs for this population focus on strengthening patients’ positive perceptions of treatment benefits to improve their medication adherence.

Older adults living with HIV  /  Medication adherence  /  Social cognitive theory  /  Mediating effect
汪静悦, 余杰, 张杭婧, 朱东周, 贺军, 熊巨洋. 社会认知理论视角下老年HIV感染者用药依从性研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1691 -1696 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511138
Jing-yue WANG, Jie YU, Hang-jing ZHANG, Dong-zhou ZHU, Jun HE, Ju-yang XIONG. Medication adherence among older adults living with HIV from the perspective of social cognitive theory[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1691 -1696 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511138
抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)是控制HIV感染、降低并发症与死亡风险关键手段[1]。我国老年HIV感染者数量持续增长,其死亡风险显著高于年轻感染者[2],疾病负担日益沉重。良好的用药依从性可显著改善HIV感染者的健康结局[3],但老年感染者普遍存在身体机能衰退、多重用药普遍、社会孤立等问题,其用药依从性显著降低[4]。因此,探寻适用于该群体的精准有效提升路径,已成为亟待解决的现实问题。
老年HIV感染者用药依从性受个体、环境等多因素的影响[5]。医患信任在提高HIV感染者用药依从性的作用已得到广泛认可[6]。但其建立面临多重阻碍,除污名化、隐私担忧、沟通不足[7]等普遍因素外,老年感染者还受传统观念、数字鸿沟及理解能力下降等因素制约[8],难以与医护人员建立充分的信任关系,进而影响其用药依从性。因此,亟需探索并验证可强化该路径的关键中介变量,以增强该人群的用药依从性。结果预期是个体对行为能否带来预期结果的信念[9]。研究表明,结果预期在提高患者生活质量[10]、增强心理韧性[11]、改善患者运动[12]等方面发挥了显著中介作用。然而,既有研究多分别探讨“医患信任”与“结果预期”对用药依从性影响,鲜有从社会认知理论视角探讨二者联合作用对老年HIV感染者用药依从性的作用机制研究。基于此,本研究以社会认知理论为框架,探讨老年感染者医患信任对用药依从性的影响以及结果预期的中介效应,揭示影响老年HIV感染者用药依从性的内在作用路径,为制定针对性的干预策略提供理论依据和实践指导。
襄阳市HIV感染呈现“三高”的典型特征,即农村中老年感染率高、人口流动导致的传播风险高、防治难度高,对类似特征区域的艾滋病防治工作有重要参考意义。襄阳市疾控中心数据显示,截至2022年10月,累积报告HIV存活感染者2 302例,当年新发病例中60岁及以上老年人占比达20%,老年人的健康管理是本地防治工作的重点与难点。基于此,本研究在襄阳市开展现场调查。纳入标准:年龄≥60岁;正在进行抗病毒治疗;有良好的行为认知能力;自愿参与本研究。本研究符合国家伦理管理规范并经华中科技大学同济医学院医学伦理委员会审查通过(批件号:[2022]伦审字(S187)号)。
为最大程度减少偏倚,我们对符合纳入标准的研究对象进行分层随机抽样。首先按经济水平,分别抽取三个城区和三个县(市),每个区(县、市)利用随机抽样方法,在遵循自愿参与原则下,在各区(县、市)抽取50名老年HIV感染者进行问卷调查。按照样本量计算公式:,确定样本量。
取α=0.05,容许误差d=0.05,P为预期总体率。研究显示,我国老年HIV感染者的用药依从率约为42.9%~62%[5],取P=0.50。由于本研究中襄阳市六个区(县、市)的老年HIV感染者总数约为350例,采用以下校正公式:
因此,调查样本量需要184人,综合考虑拒访率以及“向上取整”的原则,将样本量增加至300人。
社会认知理论由美国心理学家阿尔伯特·班杜拉(Albert Bandura)提出,深入阐释了个人认知、行为与环境三大因素之间既独立又相互作用的动态关系,即“三元交互决定论”[9]。该理论认为,在行为实施前,个人认知、行为、环境三种因素呈现一定的因果关系,即环境、认知会直接影响行为,环境也可通过认知作用于行为。本研究基于社会认知理论,将医患信任作为环境因素,感染者的结果预期作为认知因素、用药依从性作为目标行为,检验环境通过认知间接影响行为的机制,为制定干预策略提供依据。
一般情况调查表由研究团队自行设计,用于收集研究对象的人口学与行为特征。首先通过文献回顾,筛选出性别、居住地等可能影响用药依从性的因素;随后邀请专家评估内容效度,所有条目内容效度指数均≥0.80。调查内容包括性别、现居住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业状况等人口学特征,过去一个月是否吸烟、饮酒、是否发生药物不良反应等行为特征。
用药依从性测量采用2012年司在霞的修订版本量表,总分区间为 0~8分,分数越高表明HIV感染者用药依从性越好。
本研究中“结果预期”是指研究对象对ART所能带来的具体健康受益的主观信念强度。参考David H. Thom[6]的研究,设计5条目量表,采用Likert五级评分,总分越高表明结果预期越强。量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.822,信效度良好。
参考Marshall医患沟通理论框架,设计4条目量表。重点考察医患互动质量,包括“医生充分解释检查目的”等维度。采用Likert五级评分,总分越高医患信任越强。该量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.851,信效度良好。
本研究使用Excel 2021构建数据库,采用R(4.3.2)进行数据清洗与整理,利用SPSS 27.0进行统计分析。二分类变量(如性别等)采用独立样本t检验,多分类变量(如文化程度等)使用单因素方差分析比较组间差异,必要时进行事后检验。亚组间用药依从性得分以(均数±标准差)表示;采用分层回归分析检验结果预期的中介效应,并控制性别、收入及饮酒等混杂因素。采用bootstrap法进行中介效应显著性检验,重复抽样5 000次,设定置信区间为95%。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究在现场问卷调查中,部分高龄或身体状况不佳者难以完成调查,并有部分潜在参与者因对隐私问题的顾虑而拒绝参与,最终获得203例HIV感染者有效问卷,其中襄城区35例、樊城区36例、襄州区32例、枣阳市34例、南漳县34例、谷城县32例。
研究对象年龄集中在60~67(62.2±1.5)岁,以男性为主,占61.6%,职业状态以无业者居多,占56.2%。单因素分析显示,不同性别、居住地、家庭月均收入、职业状况、饮酒史及药物不良反应发生情况的HIV感染者用药依从性得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究对象的基本情况与单因素分析结果见表1。
相关性分析结果显示,老年HIV感染者医患信任、用药依从性和结果预期之间具有相关性(P<0.05)。其中,医患信任与用药依从性(r=0.37,P<0.001)、结果预期与用药依从性(r=0.29, P<0.001)均呈显著正相关;医患信任与结果预期之间呈正相关(r=0.16,P<0.05)。
本研究以医患信任为预测变量、结果预期为中介变量、用药依从性为结果变量,在控制收入、性别、是否饮酒等混杂因素后,分析结果预期在医患信任与用药依从性之间的中介效应。结果显示,医患信任显著正向预测用药依从性(β=0.32,P<0.001)与结果预期(β=0.64,P<0.001);加入结果预期这一中介变量后,医患信任对用药依从性仍有显著预测作用(β=0.27,P<0.001),结果预期也能显著正向预测用药依从性(β=0.07,P<0.001)。结果见图1、表2。
Bootstrap中介检验结果显示,医患信任→结果预期→用药依从性路径的间接效应值为0.03(β=0.07,95%CI:0.001~0.061),中介效应显著(P<0.001),该效应占总效应的10%。这表明,医患信任对老年HIV感染者用药依从性的影响有10%是通过结果预期这一中介路径实现的。因此在实际干预中既要通过巩固医患信任直接提升用药依从性,也要促进感染者形成积极的结果预期,间接增强用药依从性水平。具体结果见表3。
自2011年以来,我国老年HIV新发感染者在新报告感染者总数中的占比由22%增至2020年的44%[13]。该群体普遍面临认知功能减退、抑郁、多重用药等问题,其用药依从性面临严峻挑战。因此,提升老年HIV感染者的用药依从性尤为迫切。本研究基于社会认知理论,探讨结果预期在医患信任与用药依从性间的作用路径,为改善该群体用药行为提供实践参考。
本次调查的襄阳市老年HIV感染者用药依从性平均得分为(6.76±0.59)分,处于中等水平,低于四川凉山[14],但高于云南[15]。性别、收入、居住地、家庭月均收入、职业状况、饮酒及药物不良反应等因素对依从性有显著影响。其中,女性依从性显著高于男性,不同于桂林市[16]、随州市[17]的研究。可能因为在本研究中,女性强烈的健康动机与家庭责任感构成了关键的保护性因素,其积极效应超过了潜在风险的负面影响,从而提高了女性用药依从性。高收入者依从性更高,这与山东省的研究结论一致[18]。高收入者能稳定获得疾病管理资源,维持稳定的服药行为;低收入者退休后收入减少与慢性病负担叠加,常在生活[19]、医疗支出双重压力下,依从性显著降低。饮酒是用药依从性的负向影响因素,可能因为酒精与药物联用会加剧胃肠道不适等副作用[20],导致患者停药。值得注意的是,农村感染者依从性显著高于城镇,可能因为农村的“熟人社会”能起到监督作用,促进规律用药[21]。全职工作者的依从性较高,可能源于其生活规律,且工作带来的归属感、自我效能感能增强治疗动机[22]。此外,发生药物不良反应者用药依从性更低,可能是因为老年患者代谢功能减退对副作用耐受性差,不适感更明显和持久,形成负强化,导致停药或漏服。
文化程度、婚姻状况及吸烟史在本研究中未对用药依从性产生显著影响。文化程度无显著影响,可能与襄阳近年推行的标准化服药指导、医疗随访与同伴教育有关,削弱了文化程度的独立影响;婚姻状况影响不显著,与山东省的研究结论一致[23],可能是老年感染者社会支持来源多元化,单身者可获得亲友、社区等的支持;吸烟史与用药依从性无关,可能是本研究采用二分类测量方法,未细化吸烟强度、持续时间等变量。
本研究表明,老年HIV感染者的用药依从性与医患信任呈显著正相关,与Michel等[24]的研究结论一致。该群体常因污名化和歧视处于心理敏感状态,易将医务人员言行感知为歧视,从而产生抵触情绪,影响依从性[25]。因此,建立有效的医患沟通机制、提升医务人员职业素养,有助于构建信任环境,进一步提高其用药依从性。
本研究证实,结果预期对老年HIV感染者的用药依从性具有显著正向影响。结果预期较高的感染者对治疗效果抱有更积极的信念,更易将日常服药与长期健康目标相联结。同时积极的结果预期作为一种心理资源,能帮助他们在面对不良反应、生活压力等挑战时增强韧性,减少因暂时性阻碍导致治疗中断的风险。因此,提升感染者的正向结果预期是改善其依从性的有效途径。
本研究发现结果预期在医患信任对用药依从性的影响中起部分中介作用。医患信任通过情感信息支持帮助感染者树立积极的结果预期。一方面,真诚关怀会降低患者心理防御,使其形成对治疗过程的积极预期[26]。另一方面,基于信任,患者更易接纳医务人员专业解释,将“规律服药能够控制病情”等信息转化为对治疗结果的积极预期。这种预期促使用药从被动遵医行为转化为主动追求健康的自主行为。因此,在构建信任式医患关系的基础上,应注重强化感染者对治疗的正向预期,从而更有效地提升其用药依从性。
首先,本研究验证了结果预期的中介效应,但横断面研究无法检验变量间的因果关系,未来可开展前瞻性队列研究进行因果推断。其次,受老年感染者生理心理的脆弱性影响,拒访率高,最终有效样本量为203例,未达初始目标。最后,对吸烟行为的测量仅采用二分类方式,可能掩盖了潜在的剂量-效应关系。
  • 湖北省艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)感染者门诊直接医疗费用测算及支付方式研究(WJ2021M101)
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2026年第53卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511138
  • 接收时间:2025-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11
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湖北省艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)感染者门诊直接医疗费用测算及支付方式研究(WJ2021M101)
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    1.华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院,湖北 武汉 430030
    2.襄阳市疾病预防控制中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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