Article(id=1324050775797805300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512411, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766505600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607904624, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607904624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607904624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607904624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050669933572771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607879384, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670100562, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1697, endPage=1703, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050776053657845, articleId=1324050775797805300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2023, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Based on the surveillance data of brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, this study explores its epidemiological characteristics and contributing factors. The findings may serve as a decision-making reference for developing targeted prevention and control mechanisms and optimizing current intervention strategies.

Methods

The data in this research were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance Platform (China CDC Information System). Data organization and preliminary analysis were carried out using Excel, statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25.0, and spatial geographic distribution maps were generated via ArcGIS 10.2 to visually present the epidemic distribution.

Results

In 2010, the first case of human brucellosis was reported in Hubei. A total of 2 176 cases were reported from 2010 to 2023. The incidence showed a phased fluctuation trend: a budding phase in the initial period (2010—2013), followed by a significant increase in the early stage (2013—2016), a gradual decline in the mid-term (2016—2020), and a resurgence in the later period (2020—2023). The cases exhibited distinct seasonal clustering, and 67.2% of cases occurred between March and August. In terms of spatial distribution, except for Shennongjia, cases were reported in the other 16 cities (prefectures) of the province, and core high-incidence areas included Suizhou City, Jingmen City, Xiangyang City, Xianning City, and Huanggang City. The coverage rate of cases in counties and districts reached 93.2%. Demographic analysis revealed that people aged 40 to 69 accounted for 72.6% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Occupational distribution was dominated by farmers (69.1%). The median diagnostic delay period (interval from symptom onset to diagnosis) was 9 days, showing a gradual shortening trend over the years. Suspected cases were most concentrated in Guangshui City and Suixian. A structural shift in case reporting sources was observed: the proportion of cases reported by municipal medical institutions increased, while the share from county-level institutions increased initially before declining. In contrast, the contribution from disease control centers saw a significant drop.

Conclusion

From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of human brucellosis in Hubei continued to decline, indicating partial success in its ovine brucellosis eradication campaign launched in early 2015. However, a significant resurgence occurred post-2020, with the epidemic demonstrating geographical expansion from northern Hubei to southern Hubei and from eastern Hubei to western Hubei. It is imperative to establish a coordinated mechanism for zoonotic diseases through cross-sectoral collaboration to enhance the surveillance, prevention, and control of brucellosis.

, authors=Tian SHI1, Fen-fen LI1, Yin-bo LUO1, Qi CHEN1, Dan-qin HUANG1, Li-jie ZHANG2, Yang WU1, authorsList=Tian SHI, Fen-fen LI, Yin-bo LUO, Qi CHEN, Dan-qin HUANG, Li-jie ZHANG, Yang WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050777412612354, articleId=1324050775797805300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2010-2023年湖北省人间布鲁菌病流行特征分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于湖北省2010-2023年布鲁菌病(简称布病)监测数据,探讨其流行病学特征并分析其原因,研究结果可为建立针对性防控机制和优化现有干预方案提供决策参考。

方法

本研究所用数据均提取自国家法定传染病监测平台(中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统),通过EXCEL完成原始数据整理与基础分析,采用SPSS 25.0软件实施统计学处理,同时借助ArcGIS 10.2软件构建空间地理分布图,实现疫情分布的可视化呈现。

结果

2010年湖北省首次报告人间布病病例,2010-2023年累积报告病例2 176例,其流行态势呈现阶段性波动特征:初期(2010-2013年)萌芽阶段,早期(2013-2016年)显著上升,中期(2016-2020年)逐步下降,后期(2020-2023年)出现反弹;病例具有明显季节性聚集特征,67.2%的病例发病时间集中于3-8月。空间分布上,除神农架外,其他16个市州均有病例,且随州市、荆门市、襄阳市、咸宁市、黄冈市为核心高发区域,全省县区覆盖率达93.2%。人口学特征显示,40~69岁人群占总病例数的72.6%,男女性别比为2.4∶1,职业分布以农民为主,为69.1%。全省延误诊断周期(发病-诊断时间间隔)的中位数为9 d,延误诊断周期的中位数呈逐年缩短趋势。疑似病例分布最多的县区为广水市和随县。病例报告来源结构发生转变,市级医疗机构占比有所上升,县级医疗机构占比呈先升后降趋势,疾控中心占比下降明显。

结论

2016-2020年湖北省人间布病发病率持续下降,说明湖北省于2015年初启动的羊布病净化行动取得一定防控成效,但2020年后疫情出现明显反弹,且地理分布呈现由鄂北向鄂南、鄂东向鄂西扩散的趋势。需构建跨部门合作的人畜共患病联防联控体系,持续加强布病的监测和防控。

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史甜(1997-),女,硕士,公卫医师,研究方向:急性传染病预防与控制

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吴杨,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Imperative “One Health” strategy for the prevention and control of brucellosis in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324050785784443203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=公共卫生人才项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324050777672659203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050777685242116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, companyId=1324050777672659203, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050777697825029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, companyId=1324050777672659203, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,湖北 武汉 430079)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324050777764933894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324050777773322503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, companyId=1324050777764933894, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国疾病预防控制中心研究员)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324050782269616435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The number of cases and incidence of human brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=QyXFuFSuVI/wOfNa8n77ng==, figureFileBig=X3FfWtG77hfeyLNf4pl4ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050782370279732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图1, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病病例数及发病率, figureFileSmall=QyXFuFSuVI/wOfNa8n77ng==, figureFileBig=X3FfWtG77hfeyLNf4pl4ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784320631093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Time distribution of brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=/deq3Za8wtBsGUeKgy3hLA==, figureFileBig=6uWZ3t9sS0TKXo3D6cLhmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784442265911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图2, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病时间分布, figureFileSmall=/deq3Za8wtBsGUeKgy3hLA==, figureFileBig=6uWZ3t9sS0TKXo3D6cLhmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784597455159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Seasonal index radar chart of human brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=cqe7xPpkREEzWFK/EDl3xA==, figureFileBig=BaE9vKRiTC6SYcXj31kLug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784714895672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图3, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病季节指数雷达图, figureFileSmall=cqe7xPpkREEzWFK/EDl3xA==, figureFileBig=BaE9vKRiTC6SYcXj31kLug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784786198841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Area distribution of human brucellosis incidence in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=A2SO5EpYAeySpjj6s7jcJQ==, figureFileBig=shXKtzKsK9gVAv7I+pSYsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784870084922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图4, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病地区发病率分布

注:审图号为鄂S(2024)008号。

, figureFileSmall=A2SO5EpYAeySpjj6s7jcJQ==, figureFileBig=shXKtzKsK9gVAv7I+pSYsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050784949776699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Gender and age distribution of brucellosis cases in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=bVX0xyLjeNRDLWolU/EXxg==, figureFileBig=/xGyxNeDHhc5oipZkLKgqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050785029468476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图5, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病病例性别与年龄分布, figureFileSmall=bVX0xyLjeNRDLWolU/EXxg==, figureFileBig=/xGyxNeDHhc5oipZkLKgqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050785113354557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Constituent of institutions reporting human brucellosis cases in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, figureFileSmall=Z0hK0j2JU8qSfTwbxGrrLA==, figureFileBig=nzRQizJdx0sg6+MstNSjiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050785318875454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=图6, caption=湖北省2010-2023年人间布病病例报告机构构成情况, figureFileSmall=Z0hK0j2JU8qSfTwbxGrrLA==, figureFileBig=nzRQizJdx0sg6+MstNSjiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324050785398567231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Occupational distribution of human brucellosis cases in Hubei from 2010 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业报告病例数构成比(%)
农民1 50469.1
家务及待业、离退人员1959.0
牧民1516.9
其他884.0
学生、散居儿童823.8
餐饮服务员432.0
工人及农民工421.9
干部职员281.3
畜牧业相关251.2
兽医及医务人员180.8
), ArticleFig(id=1324050785469870400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

湖北省2010-2023年人间布病病例职业分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业报告病例数构成比(%)
农民1 50469.1
家务及待业、离退人员1959.0
牧民1516.9
其他884.0
学生、散居儿童823.8
餐饮服务员432.0
工人及农民工421.9
干部职员281.3
畜牧业相关251.2
兽医及医务人员180.8
), ArticleFig(id=1324050785541173569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Outbreaks of human brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023

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时间地区发病数
(例)
活羊接触史暴露途径接触羊只染疫情况羊只检疫情况羊只来源
2011年8月孝感市大悟县8有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等2010年6月份开始陆续出现羊只流产和死胎,疫情发现时所有羊只已售完未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北随州
2013年4月荆州市荆州区3有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只82只,布病阳性检出率达67.0%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北宜昌
2013年7月荆州市监利县8有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只118只,布病阳性检出率达80.4%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北石首、钟祥
2014年4月黄冈市蕲春县6有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只130只,2012年下半年开始陆续出现羊只流产和死亡未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种云南、山东
2015年3月襄阳市宜城市4有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只200多只,布病阳性检出率4.5%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种山东
2016年5月黄冈市罗田县6有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只120多只,布病阳性检出率51.7%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种—
2019年6月咸宁市崇阳县、嘉鱼县8有,未采取防护措施接触流产母羊、屠宰、剁肉存栏羊只约200只,2019年元旦前后曾有母羊流产未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北十堰
), ArticleFig(id=1324050785654419778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050775797805300, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

湖北省2010-2023年人间布病暴发疫情情况

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时间地区发病数
(例)
活羊接触史暴露途径接触羊只染疫情况羊只检疫情况羊只来源
2011年8月孝感市大悟县8有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等2010年6月份开始陆续出现羊只流产和死胎,疫情发现时所有羊只已售完未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北随州
2013年4月荆州市荆州区3有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只82只,布病阳性检出率达67.0%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北宜昌
2013年7月荆州市监利县8有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只118只,布病阳性检出率达80.4%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北石首、钟祥
2014年4月黄冈市蕲春县6有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只130只,2012年下半年开始陆续出现羊只流产和死亡未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种云南、山东
2015年3月襄阳市宜城市4有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只200多只,布病阳性检出率4.5%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种山东
2016年5月黄冈市罗田县6有,未采取防护措施接触了羊的生产物和排泄物等存栏羊只120多只,布病阳性检出率51.7%未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种—
2019年6月咸宁市崇阳县、嘉鱼县8有,未采取防护措施接触流产母羊、屠宰、剁肉存栏羊只约200只,2019年元旦前后曾有母羊流产未开展布鲁菌病检疫和疫苗接种湖北十堰
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2010-2023年湖北省人间布鲁菌病流行特征分析
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史甜 1 , 李粉粉 1 , 罗银波 1 , 陈琦 1 , 黄丹钦 1 , 张丽杰 2 , 吴杨 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(9): 1697-1703
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (9) : 1697 -1703
2010-2023年湖北省人间布鲁菌病流行特征分析
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史甜1, 李粉粉1, 罗银波1, 陈琦1, 黄丹钦1, 张丽杰2, 吴杨1
作者信息
  • 1.湖北省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,湖北 武汉 430079
  • 2.中国疾病预防控制中心研究员
通讯作者:
吴杨,E-mail:
作者简介:

史甜(1997-),女,硕士,公卫医师,研究方向:急性传染病预防与控制

Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2023
Tian SHI1, Fen-fen LI1, Yin-bo LUO1, Qi CHEN1, Dan-qin HUANG1, Li-jie ZHANG2, Yang WU1
Affiliations
  • Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512411
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目的

基于湖北省2010-2023年布鲁菌病(简称布病)监测数据,探讨其流行病学特征并分析其原因,研究结果可为建立针对性防控机制和优化现有干预方案提供决策参考。

方法

本研究所用数据均提取自国家法定传染病监测平台(中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统),通过EXCEL完成原始数据整理与基础分析,采用SPSS 25.0软件实施统计学处理,同时借助ArcGIS 10.2软件构建空间地理分布图,实现疫情分布的可视化呈现。

结果

2010年湖北省首次报告人间布病病例,2010-2023年累积报告病例2 176例,其流行态势呈现阶段性波动特征:初期(2010-2013年)萌芽阶段,早期(2013-2016年)显著上升,中期(2016-2020年)逐步下降,后期(2020-2023年)出现反弹;病例具有明显季节性聚集特征,67.2%的病例发病时间集中于3-8月。空间分布上,除神农架外,其他16个市州均有病例,且随州市、荆门市、襄阳市、咸宁市、黄冈市为核心高发区域,全省县区覆盖率达93.2%。人口学特征显示,40~69岁人群占总病例数的72.6%,男女性别比为2.4∶1,职业分布以农民为主,为69.1%。全省延误诊断周期(发病-诊断时间间隔)的中位数为9 d,延误诊断周期的中位数呈逐年缩短趋势。疑似病例分布最多的县区为广水市和随县。病例报告来源结构发生转变,市级医疗机构占比有所上升,县级医疗机构占比呈先升后降趋势,疾控中心占比下降明显。

结论

2016-2020年湖北省人间布病发病率持续下降,说明湖北省于2015年初启动的羊布病净化行动取得一定防控成效,但2020年后疫情出现明显反弹,且地理分布呈现由鄂北向鄂南、鄂东向鄂西扩散的趋势。需构建跨部门合作的人畜共患病联防联控体系,持续加强布病的监测和防控。

布鲁菌病  /  流行特征  /  疫情  /  防治策略
Objective

Based on the surveillance data of brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, this study explores its epidemiological characteristics and contributing factors. The findings may serve as a decision-making reference for developing targeted prevention and control mechanisms and optimizing current intervention strategies.

Methods

The data in this research were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance Platform (China CDC Information System). Data organization and preliminary analysis were carried out using Excel, statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25.0, and spatial geographic distribution maps were generated via ArcGIS 10.2 to visually present the epidemic distribution.

Results

In 2010, the first case of human brucellosis was reported in Hubei. A total of 2 176 cases were reported from 2010 to 2023. The incidence showed a phased fluctuation trend: a budding phase in the initial period (2010—2013), followed by a significant increase in the early stage (2013—2016), a gradual decline in the mid-term (2016—2020), and a resurgence in the later period (2020—2023). The cases exhibited distinct seasonal clustering, and 67.2% of cases occurred between March and August. In terms of spatial distribution, except for Shennongjia, cases were reported in the other 16 cities (prefectures) of the province, and core high-incidence areas included Suizhou City, Jingmen City, Xiangyang City, Xianning City, and Huanggang City. The coverage rate of cases in counties and districts reached 93.2%. Demographic analysis revealed that people aged 40 to 69 accounted for 72.6% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Occupational distribution was dominated by farmers (69.1%). The median diagnostic delay period (interval from symptom onset to diagnosis) was 9 days, showing a gradual shortening trend over the years. Suspected cases were most concentrated in Guangshui City and Suixian. A structural shift in case reporting sources was observed: the proportion of cases reported by municipal medical institutions increased, while the share from county-level institutions increased initially before declining. In contrast, the contribution from disease control centers saw a significant drop.

Conclusion

From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of human brucellosis in Hubei continued to decline, indicating partial success in its ovine brucellosis eradication campaign launched in early 2015. However, a significant resurgence occurred post-2020, with the epidemic demonstrating geographical expansion from northern Hubei to southern Hubei and from eastern Hubei to western Hubei. It is imperative to establish a coordinated mechanism for zoonotic diseases through cross-sectoral collaboration to enhance the surveillance, prevention, and control of brucellosis.

Brucellosis  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Epidemic  /  Prevention and control strategies
史甜, 李粉粉, 罗银波, 陈琦, 黄丹钦, 张丽杰, 吴杨. 2010-2023年湖北省人间布鲁菌病流行特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1697 -1703 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512411
Tian SHI, Fen-fen LI, Yin-bo LUO, Qi CHEN, Dan-qin HUANG, Li-jie ZHANG, Yang WU. Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1697 -1703 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512411
布鲁菌病(简称布病)是由布鲁菌属病原体引发的人兽共患传染病,对公共卫生安全和畜牧业经济构成双重威胁[1-2]。该病主要传染源为受感染的牲畜,其中羊为主要动物宿主。具有职业暴露风险的农民、牧民、畜产品加工从业人员等高危人群,常通过皮肤接触、消化道摄入或呼吸道吸入等途径感染致病菌[3]。布病在感染初期因临床症状的非特异性易被忽视或误诊,进而发展为慢性感染,导致病程迁延、复发率高,严重影响患者生存质量并加重社会经济负担[4]。流行病学调查显示,我国布病疫情主要集中于内蒙古、东北三省、西北地区及青藏高原等牧区。值得注意的是,随着近年来跨区域牲畜贸易的频繁化,我国布病感染呈现由传统疫区向南方省份扩散的态势[5-6]。湖北省地处中国中部,自2010年确诊首例感染病例后,截至2023年底累积报告病例达2 176例,呈现波动上升趋势和区域性扩散态势,防控形势较为严峻。本研究通过系统分析湖北省2010-2023年布病疫情的监测数据,深入探讨我省布病流行规律及影响因素,旨在为完善防控体系提供科学依据。
监测数据资料来源于国家法定传染病监测平台(中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统)中2010-2023 年湖北省布病的报告病例个案,以及突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收录的湖北省该时间段内布病暴发疫情处置记录,同时采集同期《湖北省统计年鉴》中人口基数等社会学参数。
应用EXCEL软件完成原始数据整理与基础图表绘制;采用SPSS 25.0软件实施统计学处理;借助ArcGIS 10.2软件构建发病率的地区空间分布图。发病率的差异性检验采用χ2检验,时间序列数据的趋势分析采用Mann-Kendall检验。季节指数=同月发病平均数/所有月份发病总平均数,季节指数>1,意味着该月为流行季节。
2010-2023年湖北省累积报告布病病例2 176例,包括1 536例确诊病例、317例临床诊断病例和323例疑似病例。自2010年湖北省出现本土布病病例以来,湖北省人间布病发病趋势整体呈现“上升-下降-反弹”的三阶段波动特征,2010-2013年起步增长,2013-2016年快速攀升,2016-2020年逐渐回落,2020-2023年再度反弹,见图1。报告年发病率范围为0.01/10 万~0.47/10万,发病率于2016年最高,为0.47/10万。2015年报告病例数最多,达346例。疫情呈现一定的季节性升高,春夏季(3-8月)为其流行季节,病例累积占比达67.2%。见图2、3。
2010-2023年湖北省疫情呈现全域分布特征,除神农架林区外覆盖全省16个市(州),其中县级行政区划的疫情覆盖率为93.2%。年均报告发病率居前五位的市州依次为随州市(1.30/10万)、荆门市(0.53/10万)、襄阳市(0.43/10万)、咸宁市(0.39/10万)、黄冈市(0.20/10万),主要分布于鄂北及鄂东地区。年均报告发病率居前五位的县区依次为广水市(1.62/10万)、随县(1.54/10万)、宜城市(1.49/10万)、罗田县(1.22/10万)、钟祥市(0.83/10万)。另外,2020-2023年,枣阳市、利川市和曾都区的布病报告发病率呈逐年上升趋势,报告发病率平均增速分别为90.28%、49.35%、108.01%。2010-2023年湖北省人间布病疫情地区分布整体呈现由北向南、由东到西、由随州市向周边县区蔓延的趋势。见图4。
2 176例布病报告病例的年龄中位数为52岁,病例年龄分布呈现一定集中性,40~69岁人群占总病例数的72.6%;性别分布差异显著,病例中男女性别比为2.4∶1,除0~9岁年龄组外,其余各年龄段的男性病例构成比均显著高于女性(χ2= 20.572, P=0.004),见图5。男性年均发病率为0.37/10万,显著高于女性的0.16/10万,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=23.984,P<0.001)。职业暴露特征分析显示,农民为核心高发群体,占比达69.1%;其次为牧民、畜牧业相关从业人员、兽医及医务人员和餐饮服务员,共占10.9%。非职业暴露群体中家务及待业和离退人员累积报告病例195例,占9.0%。另外,需要注意的是学生及散居儿童报告病例占3.8%(82例)。见表1。
布病的暴发定义为同一饲养场、牲畜集散市场、屠宰加工厂等场所或自然村(屯)、居委会等局部地区在一个平均潜伏期(2周)内发生3例及以上布病的急性病例。根据定义,2010-2023年,湖北省共发生7起(43例)布病暴发疫情,主要发生于荆州市、黄冈市、襄阳市、孝感市和咸宁市。所有病例均存在职业性活羊接触暴露史,如清理羊的生产物和排泄物等,且个人防护不足或缺失。通过对病羊追踪发现,相关羊只同时存在布鲁菌血清学筛查监测缺位及菌苗免疫程序未实施等检疫管控漏洞,羊只的购买来源不局限于本省。见表2。
2 176例报告病例中,延误诊断周期(发病-诊断时间间隔)的中位数为9 d。2010-2023年布病延误诊断周期中位数呈现显著下降趋势(Z=-4.031, P<0.001)。具体表现为:延误诊断周期中位数在初期(2010-2012年)超过55 d,早期(2013-2016年)维持在12~13 d高位,中期(2017-2020年)下降至6~8 d、后期(2021-2023年)进一步压缩至5~7 d。疑似病例共有323例,占比14.8%,疑似病例分布最多的前四位县区分别是广水市、随县、利川市和曾都区,分别为84、81、26和25例。从病例的报告单位分布情况来看,市级医疗机构占比逐年上升,县级医疗机构占比呈先升后降趋势,疾控中心占比下降明显。见图6。
本研究采用描述性流行病学方法,分析了2010-2023年湖北省人间布病的流行特征。总体来看,这些年湖北省人间布病的发病趋势经历了四个阶段:萌芽(2010-2013年)、高发(2013-2016年)、下降(2016-2020年)和再发(2020-2023年),疫情阶段性发展趋势与周边邻省基本一致[7-10],也与全国整体趋势相似[11-12]。我省2014-2016年布病疫情处于高发态势,2016-2020年疫情的快速下降与2016年《国家布鲁菌病防治计划(2016-2020 年)》的全面推行[13-14],以及湖北省于2015年启动的“全省羊布鲁菌病区域净化行动”等措施密切相关。2021年开始我省人间布病疫情的反弹可能与输入性风险增加有关。活畜的跨区域调运是导致疫情扩散的重要因素,研究表明,中国的布病疫情呈现从传统北方牧区向周边及南方地区扩散的趋势。特别是从高风险区(免疫区)向低风险区(非免疫区)的活畜调运,可能将病原引入湖北省[15-16]。尽管有规定禁止此类调运,但监管难度较大。同时,湖北省内部可能存在点状分布的动物疫点,成为持续的传染源[17]。此外,部分原因也可能源于新冠疫情以来,湖北省针对发热病例的筛查监管力度加大,病例发现能力提升。每年的春夏季为布病的发病高峰期,这可能与以下原因有关:第一,春夏季为牛羊繁殖高峰期,农牧民在接羔、处理流产物过程中暴露于牛羊生产物和排泄物的机会增加,感染风险随之增高;第二,我省春夏季湿润炎热的气候更利于布鲁菌的生存和繁殖;第三,春夏季降水充沛,草场肥沃,牛羊流动及交易频繁。
布病的自然疫源性疾病本质决定了其显著的空间聚集性特征。随州市是我省流行核心区,可能与随州市毗邻的河南省布病疫情较严重有关[9-10,18-19],提示省际间畜群流动可能构成重要传播风险。根据《湖北省畜牧业发展“十二五”至“十四五”规划》可知,报告发病率最高的广水市、随县、宜城市及钟祥市均位于汉江流域畜牧产业经济带,罗田县属于大别山-幕阜山区畜牧产业经济带。这些县区的活畜及畜产品跨区域流通频繁是导致发病率高的重要原因。值得注意的是,根据《国家布鲁菌病防治计划(2016-2020 年)》要求,湖北省作为动物布病二类防控区,原则上对存栏牛羊采取免疫豁免政策,这一防控政策与区域内动物流动强度间的矛盾关系需引起特别关注。
从人群分布来看,布病在40~69岁的农民中高发,且男性是女性的2.4倍,是因为该年龄段人群正值从事养殖业等各种生产劳动的主要年龄段,尤其男性在分工上较女性接触牲畜的机会更多,暴露几率更大。湖北省并不像内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、青海等地那样拥有大面积的天然草原牧区,而是以标准化规模养殖场、家庭农场为主,因此人群构成上以同时从事农业和养殖业的农民为主,牧民不占优势。另外,近年来在乡村振兴战略框架下,政府通过产业政策引导农户向种养结合方向转型,客观上推动了小规模养殖户的快速扩张。值得注意的是,养殖从业主体对人畜共患病的认知薄弱,加上生物安全防护意识不强等现实因素,致使近年来布病的发病率呈现高位波动态势。
2010-2023年,湖北省累积报告7起布病的暴发疫情事件,羊只来源不局限于本省,引进过程中未开展布病检疫和免疫接种是引起暴发疫情的主要原因。羊作为布病的主要传染源,加强羊只流通过程中的监管对于预防布病暴发疫情至关重要。流行病学调查表明,病例感染路径呈现显著共性特征:所有确诊病例均存在活体羊只暴露史,感染过程主要发生于高风险作业环节(包括屠宰加工、处理羊只生产物和排泄物等),客观原因在于个体防护装备使用缺失。需要强调的是个体防护装备使用得当在人畜共患病防控领域非常重要且成本效益最高。
2010-2023年,我省布病延误诊断周期的中位数整体呈逐年缩短趋势,提示随着医疗水平的提升和群众就诊意识的增强,我省整体的布病诊断水平有所进步。荆州、黄冈、鄂州和仙桃四市的延误诊断周期的中位数超过17 d,反映出上述地区在诊断时效性方面存在不足,这对患者预后及公共卫生管理均构成潜在风险。建议上述地区加强各级医疗机构布病诊疗水平的培训,督促落实最新版布鲁菌病诊治指南要求,建立规范化诊疗流程,同时需着重提高临床识别准确率,最大限度避免因延误诊断导致慢性化病例的发生。医疗机构的病例报告构成比呈现出层级分化趋势:即市级医疗机构在病例上报中的比重呈上升趋势,而县级医疗机构的病例报告占比近些年则缓慢下降。一方面是县级医院的布病诊断水平较弱,另一方面是人们就诊意愿更倾向于市级及以上的三甲医院。广水市和随县是我省布病的重点高发地区,但是疑似病例占比最高,反映出两地的实验室检测水平不足,建议针对两地医疗机构实验室布病检测能力的提升进行培训。
综上所述,随着传染性疾病监测系统的敏感性增加,湖北省于2010年首次发现本地布病病例,并且经历了上升-下降-反弹的变化过程。2016-2020年湖北省人间布病发病率持续下降,说明湖北省于2015 年初启动的羊布病净化行动取得一定防控成效,然而,从2021年开始湖北省人间布病疫情又明显抬头,且呈现由鄂北向鄂南、鄂东向鄂西蔓延的趋势。建议应用One Health理念构建跨部门合作的人畜共患病联防联控体系[20-21],实施基于风险评估的移动畜群生物安全分级管理制度;布病疫情主要发生于春夏季,建议在流行季节来临前开展重点职业人群(农牧民、畜牧业从业人员等)的健康宣教工作,重点培训在牲畜接产、圈舍消毒等环节的个人防护技能;针对鄂州、仙桃、黄冈和荆州四市存在延误诊断的问题,应加强对医务人员布病诊断和鉴别诊断能力的提升。随州市是湖北省的布病高发区,疑似病例占比较高,亟需推进实验室诊断能力的提升。
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2026年第53卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512411
  • 接收时间:2025-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24
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    1.湖北省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,湖北 武汉 430079
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心研究员

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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