Article(id=1324044889138274891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511397, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764000000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606501135, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606501135, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606501135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606501135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1907, endPage=1913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044889360573004, articleId=1324044889138274891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Sodiumarsenite induces the trans-spliced TIMP2(ts-TIMP2) to enhance viability in A549 cells: an experimental study, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) exposure on the expression of trans-spliced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(ts-TIMP2) in A549 cells and to analyze the role of ts-TIMP2 in arsenic-induced cell viability.

Methods

Specific primers were designed to amplify ts-TIMP2, and their specificity was validated via qRT-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. CCK-8 assays were used to determine appropriate NaAsO2 concentrations and exposure duration. mRNA levels of TIMP2 and ts-TIMP2 were quantified by qRT-PCR. siRNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral overexpression systems(carrying GFP and 3×Flag tags) were established to modulate ts-TIMP2 expression, and CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability under various conditions.

Results

The results from all three methods confirmed the specific amplification of ts-TIMP2 by these primers. NaAsO2 reduced A549 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 48.48 μM. TIMP2 mRNA was significantly upregulated at 30 and 45 μM NaAsO2(P<0.01), while ts-TIMP2 expression increased significantly only at 45 μM(P<0.05), indicating concentration-dependent regulation. Knockdown of ts-TIMP2 decreased cell viability by 13.18% compared to the negative control(P<0.01), co-treatment with NaAsO2 further significantly suppressed cell viability(P<0.01). Conversely, ts-TIMP2 overexpression enhanced cell viability by 24.66%(P<0.01) and maintained significantly higher viability than the NaAsO2-only group even under co-treatment conditions(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) can induce the expression of trans-spliced TIMP2(ts-TIMP2), thereby enhancing the viability of A549 cells.

, authors=Da-yan LU1, Shu-ting LI1, Jing-wen TAN1, He-xian DUAN2, 3, Hong-fu WEN1, Xue-fei YANG1, Ting-zhi DUAN1, Qiu-yu MA1, Yue-feng HE1, Cheng-lan JIANG1, authorsList=Da-yan LU, Shu-ting LI, Jing-wen TAN, He-xian DUAN, Hong-fu WEN, Xue-fei YANG, Ting-zhi DUAN, Qiu-yu MA, Yue-feng HE, Cheng-lan JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yue-feng HE, Cheng-lan JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044892414026331, articleId=1324044889138274891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=亚砷酸钠诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2增强A549细胞活力的实验研究, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)对 A549 细胞中反式剪接型基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2(trans-spliced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2,ts-TIMP2)表达的影响,并分析 ts-TIMP2 在砷暴露下对细胞活力的作用。

方法

设计特异性引物扩增ts-TIMP2,经qRT-PCR,琼脂糖凝胶电泳以及DNA测序验证其特异性;通过CCK-8法确定NaAsO2处理浓度和时间,qRT-PCR检测TIMP2及ts-TIMP2的mRNA表达;构建siRNA干扰体系敲低ts-TIMP2,并建立慢病毒过表达系统稳定表达ts-TIMP2,结合CCK-8法评估其对细胞活力的影响。

结果

引物经qRT-PCR,电泳以及测序显示可特异性扩增ts-TIMP2。CCK-8显示NaAsO2抑制A549细胞活力,IC50甶为48.48 μM;TIMP2基因mRNA 表达水平在30、45 μM NaAsO2处理下显著上调(P<0.01),ts-TIMP2基因mRNA 表达水平仅在45 μM时显著升高(P<0.05),呈浓度依赖性。敲低ts-TIMP2使细胞活力下降13.18%(P<0.01),联合NaAsO2处理,细胞活力进一步显著降低(P<0.01);相反,过表达ts-TIMP2使细胞活力提升24.66%(P<0.01),ts-TIMP2过表达同时联合NaAsO2作用时,细胞活力仍高于NaAsO2作用的对照组(P<0.05)。

结论

NaAsO2可诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2表达,进而增强A549细胞活力。

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路大艳(2002—),女,硕士在读;研究方向:劳动与环境卫生

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蒋成兰与何越峰为共同通信作者
蒋成兰,E-mail:;
何越峰,E-mail:
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Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2022, 457: 116320., articleTitle=Particulate Arsenic trioxide induces higher DNA damage and reactive Oxygen species than soluble arsenite in lung epithelial cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324045216411418754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, awardId=202401AT070177, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅基础研究专项-面上项目(202401AT070177), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045216512082051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, awardId=202405AS350016, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省创新团队(202405AS350016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045217225113732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, awardId=CXTD202201, language=CN, fundingSource=昆明医科大学环境与职业砷暴露致癌研究科技创新团队项目(CXTD202201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045218831532167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, awardId=202305AF150160, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省贺争鸣专家工作站(202305AF150160), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324045197688045612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045197696434221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, companyId=1324045197688045612, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045197709017134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, companyId=1324045197688045612, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆明医科大学云南省公共卫生与生物安全重点实验室暨公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324045197864206383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045197872594992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, companyId=1324045197864206383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324045197948092465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045197956481074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, companyId=1324045197948092465, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国家非人灵长类实验动物资源库)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324045210199654514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Specific amplification of ts-TIMP2 in A549 cells, figureFileSmall=zqsgzBmnyJHQpUXbBIeN8w==, figureFileBig=h1kRz3vPkJbPAiwTnSCFUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045211290173556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ts-TIMP2在A549细胞中可被特异性扩增

注:A, ts-TIMP2 mRNA结构模式图及凝胶电泳结果图。下方凝胶电泳结果显示,利用两对特异性引物(预期产物分别为266 bp和244 bp)在A549细胞中均成功扩增出单一目的条带。M:DNA分子量标准。B, 扩增产物的Sanger测序峰图。图中虚线标示了ts-TIMP2特有的外显子连接点,序列结果证实了该转录本的真实存在及引物的特异性。

, figureFileSmall=zqsgzBmnyJHQpUXbBIeN8w==, figureFileBig=h1kRz3vPkJbPAiwTnSCFUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045211747352693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different concentrations of NaAsO2 on the viability of A549 cells, figureFileSmall=gRknyNzEyG8NGyhJ6ac+2g==, figureFileBig=YhPWZZn3UZ8MKRh+IPGVUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045211856404598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同浓度NaAsO2对A549细胞存活率的影响

注:与0组相比,**:P<0.01,下同。

, figureFileSmall=gRknyNzEyG8NGyhJ6ac+2g==, figureFileBig=YhPWZZn3UZ8MKRh+IPGVUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045212129034359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of varying NaAsO2 concentrations on TIMP2 and ts-TIMP2 mRNA expression in A549 cells, figureFileSmall=fwVQLq85NC2TtG/d5xrzsg==, figureFileBig=Tm8q1pmHrsbiLNOv2KUfLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045212254863480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度NaAsO2处理A549细胞后TIMP2及ts-TIMP2 mRNA表达水平

注:A,不同浓度NaAsO2处理A549细胞后TIMP2 mRNA表达水平;B,不同浓度NaAsO2处理A549细胞后ts-TIMP2 mRNA表达水平,*:P<0.05,下同。

, figureFileSmall=fwVQLq85NC2TtG/d5xrzsg==, figureFileBig=Tm8q1pmHrsbiLNOv2KUfLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045212623962233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Efficiency of siRNA interference targeting ts-TIMP2 in A549 cells, figureFileSmall=yOfQikmwFG2fWgsYrzua6A==, figureFileBig=XLli+c4oSnLqY+YDDRLZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045214268129402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图4, caption=A549细胞siRNA干扰ts-TIMP2效率

注:A,敲低ts-TIMP2 后 A549 细胞中 TIMP2 基因 mRNA 的相对表达量; B,敲低ts-TIMP2后 A549 细胞中 ts-TIMP2 基因 mRNA 的相对表达量。

, figureFileSmall=yOfQikmwFG2fWgsYrzua6A==, figureFileBig=XLli+c4oSnLqY+YDDRLZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045214402347131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=CCK-8 assay detecting changes in A549 cell viability before and after sodium arsenite treatment following ts-TIMP2 knockdown, figureFileSmall=Ck4X7G2TDYEGibvfTTWVQQ==, figureFileBig=8L1xGpyyc7HpMQc+oWH8SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045214767251581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CCK8法检测敲低ts-TIMP2后NaAsO2处理前后A549细胞活力变化

注:A,单独敲低ts-TIMP2 A549细胞存活率; B,敲低ts-TIMP2联合NaAsO2处理A549细胞存活率。

, figureFileSmall=Ck4X7G2TDYEGibvfTTWVQQ==, figureFileBig=8L1xGpyyc7HpMQc+oWH8SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045215106990206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Lentiviral transduction efficiency and the effect of ts-TIMP2 overexpression on protein expression in A549 cells, figureFileSmall=N54LeK8B9k8PnKPAp90Fqg==, figureFileBig=VOzX17e+Rwh9k3NdubfpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045215492866175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图6, caption=慢病毒转染效率及ts-TIMP2过表达对A549细胞蛋白表达的影响

注:A,荧光显微镜观察荧光标记的慢病毒转染结果;B,ts-TIMP2过表达蛋白变化;C,ts-TIMP2蛋白的相对表达水平。

, figureFileSmall=N54LeK8B9k8PnKPAp90Fqg==, figureFileBig=VOzX17e+Rwh9k3NdubfpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045215622889600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=CCK-8 assay of A549 cell viability following sodium arsenite treatment and ts-TIMP2 overexpression, figureFileSmall=S/aIpRfh9531iJj9BUlsFA==, figureFileBig=RJP4ym0e3S4WYzjiNW2hSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045215979405441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044889138274891, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CCK8法检测过表达ts-TIMP2基因前后亚砷酸钠处理前后A549细胞活力变化

注:A,单独过表达ts-TIMP2 A549细胞存活率; B,过表达ts-TIMP2联合NaAsO2处理A549细胞存活率。

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亚砷酸钠诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2增强A549细胞活力的实验研究
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路大艳 1 , 李舒婷 1 , 谭婧文 1 , 段何仙 2, 3 , 温鸿福 1 , 杨雪飞 1 , 段婷芝 1 , 马虬宇 1 , 何越峰 1 , 蒋成兰 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2026,53(10): 1907-1913
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2026 , 53 (10) : 1907 -1913
亚砷酸钠诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2增强A549细胞活力的实验研究
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路大艳1, 李舒婷1, 谭婧文1, 段何仙2, 3, 温鸿福1, 杨雪飞1, 段婷芝1, 马虬宇1, 何越峰1 , 蒋成兰1
作者信息
  • 1.昆明医科大学云南省公共卫生与生物安全重点实验室暨公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
  • 2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所
  • 3.国家非人灵长类实验动物资源库
通讯作者:
蒋成兰与何越峰为共同通信作者
蒋成兰,E-mail:;
何越峰,E-mail:
作者简介:

路大艳(2002—),女,硕士在读;研究方向:劳动与环境卫生

Sodiumarsenite induces the trans-spliced TIMP2(ts-TIMP2) to enhance viability in A549 cells: an experimental study
Da-yan LU1, Shu-ting LI1, Jing-wen TAN1, He-xian DUAN2, 3, Hong-fu WEN1, Xue-fei YANG1, Ting-zhi DUAN1, Qiu-yu MA1, Yue-feng HE1 , Cheng-lan JIANG1
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511397
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目的

探讨亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)对 A549 细胞中反式剪接型基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2(trans-spliced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2,ts-TIMP2)表达的影响,并分析 ts-TIMP2 在砷暴露下对细胞活力的作用。

方法

设计特异性引物扩增ts-TIMP2,经qRT-PCR,琼脂糖凝胶电泳以及DNA测序验证其特异性;通过CCK-8法确定NaAsO2处理浓度和时间,qRT-PCR检测TIMP2及ts-TIMP2的mRNA表达;构建siRNA干扰体系敲低ts-TIMP2,并建立慢病毒过表达系统稳定表达ts-TIMP2,结合CCK-8法评估其对细胞活力的影响。

结果

引物经qRT-PCR,电泳以及测序显示可特异性扩增ts-TIMP2。CCK-8显示NaAsO2抑制A549细胞活力,IC50甶为48.48 μM;TIMP2基因mRNA 表达水平在30、45 μM NaAsO2处理下显著上调(P<0.01),ts-TIMP2基因mRNA 表达水平仅在45 μM时显著升高(P<0.05),呈浓度依赖性。敲低ts-TIMP2使细胞活力下降13.18%(P<0.01),联合NaAsO2处理,细胞活力进一步显著降低(P<0.01);相反,过表达ts-TIMP2使细胞活力提升24.66%(P<0.01),ts-TIMP2过表达同时联合NaAsO2作用时,细胞活力仍高于NaAsO2作用的对照组(P<0.05)。

结论

NaAsO2可诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2表达,进而增强A549细胞活力。

无机砷  /  ts-TIMP2  /  A549细胞  /  细胞活力
Objective

To investigate the effect of sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) exposure on the expression of trans-spliced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(ts-TIMP2) in A549 cells and to analyze the role of ts-TIMP2 in arsenic-induced cell viability.

Methods

Specific primers were designed to amplify ts-TIMP2, and their specificity was validated via qRT-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. CCK-8 assays were used to determine appropriate NaAsO2 concentrations and exposure duration. mRNA levels of TIMP2 and ts-TIMP2 were quantified by qRT-PCR. siRNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral overexpression systems(carrying GFP and 3×Flag tags) were established to modulate ts-TIMP2 expression, and CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability under various conditions.

Results

The results from all three methods confirmed the specific amplification of ts-TIMP2 by these primers. NaAsO2 reduced A549 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 48.48 μM. TIMP2 mRNA was significantly upregulated at 30 and 45 μM NaAsO2(P<0.01), while ts-TIMP2 expression increased significantly only at 45 μM(P<0.05), indicating concentration-dependent regulation. Knockdown of ts-TIMP2 decreased cell viability by 13.18% compared to the negative control(P<0.01), co-treatment with NaAsO2 further significantly suppressed cell viability(P<0.01). Conversely, ts-TIMP2 overexpression enhanced cell viability by 24.66%(P<0.01) and maintained significantly higher viability than the NaAsO2-only group even under co-treatment conditions(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) can induce the expression of trans-spliced TIMP2(ts-TIMP2), thereby enhancing the viability of A549 cells.

Inorganic arsenic  /  ts-TIMP2  /  A549 cells  /  Cell viability
路大艳, 李舒婷, 谭婧文, 段何仙, 温鸿福, 杨雪飞, 段婷芝, 马虬宇, 何越峰, 蒋成兰. 亚砷酸钠诱导反式剪接体ts-TIMP2增强A549细胞活力的实验研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1907 -1913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511397
Da-yan LU, Shu-ting LI, Jing-wen TAN, He-xian DUAN, Hong-fu WEN, Xue-fei YANG, Ting-zhi DUAN, Qiu-yu MA, Yue-feng HE, Cheng-lan JIANG. Sodiumarsenite induces the trans-spliced TIMP2(ts-TIMP2) to enhance viability in A549 cells: an experimental study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1907 -1913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511397
基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2,TIMP2)作为一种内源性的金属蛋白酶抑制分子,参与调控神经系统、心血管系统、肿瘤发生发展以及肾脏疾病等多个生物学过程[1-4]。研究表明,长期砷暴露可上调小鼠肝组织中 TIMP2 mRNA 的表达,进而促进肝纤维化进程[5];与此一致,亚砷酸钠在大耳兔模型中呈剂量依赖性地上调肝组织 TIMP2 mRNA 表达[6];此外,另有研究指出高脂饮食能进一步协同增强砷诱导的 TIMP2 过表达,从而加剧肝纤维化进程[7]。研究表明,反式剪接(trans-splicing, TS)作为一种非经典的RNA加工方式,能将两个或两个以上前体mRNA(pre-mRNA)分子的外显子连接,形成反式剪接RNA(trans -spliced RNA, ts-RNA)[8-9]。反式剪接主要可分为两种类型:仅存在于低等真核生物中的SL(Spliced-leader)-型,以及存在于脊椎动物中的非SL-型(包括同一基因座来源的基因内反式剪接和不同基因来源的基因间反式剪接)[8]。反式剪接可能在调控基因表达、产生多样性蛋白质等方面发挥重要作用[10-11]。这类ts-RNA是具有重要生物学功能的分子,它们既可以编码产生具有新功能的融合蛋白或调控性非编码RNA,也能通过竞争性消耗亲本基因的pre-mRNA来影响其正常表达,在细胞活力和生长、信号转导乃至疾病发生中扮演关键角色[8,12]。
研究显示,TIMP2基因可通过基因内反式剪接产生ts-TIMP2异构体[13]。然而,其具体的生物学功能至今仍未被阐明。此外,慢性砷暴露是有效的RNA剪接干扰剂,可诱导全基因组水平的异常可变剪接,并直接参与皮肤癌等肿瘤的发生发展[14-15]。但现有研究聚焦于经典的顺式剪接过程,砷暴露是否以及如何影响反式剪接这一特殊机制,目前尚缺乏直接证据。因此,深入研究亚砷酸钠是否诱导ts-TIMP2的表达,并解析其在肺上皮细胞(如A549)活力调控中的作用,将为阐明砷的毒理机制开辟新的视角。
鉴于此,本研究旨在探讨亚砷酸钠(sodium arsenite, NaAsO2)暴露对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞中ts-TIMP2表达的影响,并深入分析ts-TIMP2在砷暴露背景下对细胞活力的调控作用,并探讨其作为砷毒性效应生物标志物的潜在价值。
试剂: RPMI-1640培养液、胎牛血清(上海达特希尔生物科技有限公司);青霉素-链霉素混合液(北京华越洋生物技术有限公司);PBS、胰蛋白酶消化液、蛋白裂解液、蛋白酶抑制剂混合物(通用型,100×)和BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);RNA Isolate提取试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物技术股份有限公司);HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit、DL500 DNA Marker(江苏康为世纪生物科技有限公司);NaAsO2(成都西亚试剂公司);常规琼脂糖试剂(BIOWEST公司);RFect小核酸转染试剂(常州百代生物科技有限公司);siRNA 、慢病毒过表达RNA(上海吉玛制药技术有限公司);CCK-8(美国MCE公司);TIMP2兔单抗、 β肌动蛋白(Actin)、 Flag标签抗体(武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司);Omni-ECLTM化学发光检测试剂盒(上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司)。
本研究使用的重点仪器和设备包括:二氧化碳培养箱(Thermo Fisher Scientific,3111);倒置显微镜(Motic,AE2000-T);基因扩增仪(杭州博日科技股份有限公司,TC-96/G/H(b)B);实时荧光定量PCR仪(杭州米欧仪器有限公司,PR-96Q);台式高速微型离心机(Shanghai Techcomp Bio-equipment Ltd,Velocity15R Pro);研究级倒置荧光显微镜(Nikon,Eclipse Ts2R);凝胶成像分析系统(Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc,Universal Hood II);多功能酶标仪(BioTek Instruments Inc,H1M);超灵敏多功能成像仪(GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB,Amersham Imager 680)。
人肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞由中国科学院昆明动物研究所惠赠。采用含10.0%胎牛血清和1.0%青霉素-链霉素混合液的RPMI-1640完全培养液,于37 ℃、5%CO2的恒温培养箱中进行细胞培养,每2~3天传代一次(0.25%胰酶消化2~3 min)。
实验时,将A549细胞以1.0×105 cells/孔接种于6孔板,培养24 h待其完全贴壁(融合度约50%~60%),更换新鲜完全培养基,分别加入终浓度为15、30、45 μM的亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)处理48 h;对照组加入等体积不含药物的完全培养基。处理结束时,对照组细胞融合度达80%~90%,未见明显接触抑制。弃去培养液,用预冷PBS洗涤两次,按TRIzol法提取总RNA用于后续实验。
按照试剂说明书,采用Trizol法提取细胞总RNA。 使用分光光度计测定RNA的浓度和纯度,所有样本的260/280比值均介于1.9至2.1之间,利用逆转录试剂盒将RNA反转录为cDNA,在冰上配置20 μl的反应体系。逆转录反应条件: 25 ℃预孵育10 min,42 ℃孵育60 min,80 ℃加热10 min以灭活逆转录酶;反应结束后,cDNA产物于-20 ℃保存备用。
实时荧光定量PCR实验用的系统为LightCycler® 96系统,以β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)作为内参基因.引物序列为(5’→3’):β-actin正向GCCGAGGACTTTGATTGCAC,反向TGGACTTGGGAGAGGACTGG; ts-TIMP2引物1正向GGAATATCTCATTGCAGTGATCA,反向AGAGGGTGATGTGCATCTT; ts-TIMP2引物2正向CGTTTTGCAATGCAGATGTA,反向TTGGCCCTGATCACTGCAA;合成公司为上海吉玛制药技术有限公司。PCR反应条件如下: 95 ℃变性30 s;60 ℃退火30 s;72 ℃ 延伸30 s;循环40次。定量分析方法为2-△△ct,实验进行3次重复。
取8 μl PCR产物,通过3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分析,电泳选用DL500 DNA Marker,电泳条件为100 v 30 min,最后利用凝胶成像分析系统捕获图像。
PCR扩增产物经3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证后,委托上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司进行双向Sanger测序。所得序列使用Chromas软件进行校对和比对分析,序列准确性通过双向测序结果相互验证。
将处于对数生长期的 A549 细胞以每孔1 800个的密度接种于96 孔板,使用 RPMI-1640 完全培养液常规培养19 h。随后,使用 RFect 小核酸转染试剂进行 siRNA 片段转染。转染后24 h,使用 RPMI-1640 完全培养液更换孔内培养液 (200 μl/孔),继续培养48 h后检测细胞活力。
在进行 siRNA 干扰与砷的联合实验时,转染后24 h,每孔加入200 μl含终浓度为40 μM NaAsO2的RPMI-1640完全培养液,处理48 h后进行检测。ts-TIMP2的siRNA由上海吉玛制药技术有限公司合成,序列为(5’→3’):NC正向UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT,反向ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAAdTdT;Si-ts-TIMP正向CAUUGCAGUGAUCAGGGCCdTdT,反向GGCCCUGAUCACUGCAAUGdTdT。
含ts-TIMP2全长CDS序列(873 bp)的慢病毒过表达载体由上海吉玛制药技术有限公司构建,载体上含GFP及3×的Flag标签。为评估感染效率,本研究在实验中于病毒感染后 72 h(即换液后48 h)通过荧光显微镜观察 GFP 表达情况,随机选取不少于3个视野(20×物镜),结合明场图像计数 GFP 阳性细胞与总细胞数,计算阳性比例。三次独立实验结果显示,平均感染效率为 88.3% ± 5.0%。
以每孔1.0×105个细胞的密度接种于6孔板,接种19 h后进行病毒感染,病毒感染24 h后用完全培养液换液,孵育48 h后用蛋白免疫印迹检测ts-TIMP2基因过表达后的效果;空载慢病毒作为阴性对照。
将A549细胞(对数生长期)按每孔1 500个的密度接种于96孔板,同样是接种19 h后进行病毒感染,病毒感染24 h后用完全培养液换液,与NaAsO2的联合处理的方式同前,终浓度为40 μM,孵育48 h后进行后续细胞活力检测。
96孔板细胞接板以及相关操作如前所述,测定时吸走原液每孔加20 μl cck8溶液和80 μl完全培养液混匀,于恒温培养箱孵育20 min后用多功能酶标仪测定 450 nm 波长处的吸光度值。每次处理重复3次,结果表示为对照组的百分比,细胞存活率=(实验组吸光度值-空白组吸光度值)/(对照组吸光度值-空白组吸光度值),对照组细胞活力调整为100%。
使用含有蛋白酶抑制剂的IP细胞裂解液对过表达细胞进行裂解,并通过离心提取总蛋白。用BCA法测定蛋白浓度后,进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离。随后以200 mA电流在湿转装置中转膜2.5 h,将目标蛋白(TIMP2)及内参蛋白(β-actin)转移至PVDF膜上。将膜用无蛋白快速封闭液在室温下封闭30 min,之后分别孵育目的蛋白抗体TIMP2(1∶1 000)和内参抗体β-actin(1∶2 000),4 ℃过夜。次日,使用TBST缓冲液洗涤膜4次,每次5 min。根据一抗来源选择相应的二抗,室温孵育2 h,再次按照相同条件洗膜。最后使用化学发光底物显影,并采集图像。采用Image J软件对蛋白条带进行灰度分析,计算其相对表达水平。计算方法为:目的蛋白灰度值与内参蛋白灰度值的比值。
绘图使用GraphPad Prism 9.3.0软件,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,组间比较使用两独立样本t检验,检验水准α=0.05。
ts-TIMP2源自同一TIMP2基因的反式剪接,即基因内的反式剪接。ts-TIMP2较TIMP2额外包含外显子2和外显子3,ts-TIMP2全长3 862 bp,比TIMP2多210 bp。本研究在外显子3和外显子2交接的位置设计了两对引物。引物1和引物2扩增的产物长度分别为266 bp和244 bp,ts-TIMP2引物1扩增序列测序结果:GGAATATCTCATTGCAGTGATCAGGGCCAA AGCGGTCAGTGAGAAGGAAGTGGACTCTGGAAACGA CATTTATGGCAACCCTATCAAGAGGATCCAGTATGAG ATCAAGCAGATAAAGATGTTCAAAGGGCCTGAGAAG GATATAGAGTTTATCTACACGGCCCCCTCCTCGGCAG TGTGTGGGGTCTCGCTGGACGTTGGAGGAAAGAAGG AATATCTCATTGCAGGAAAGGCCGAGGGGGACGGCA AGATGCACATCACCCTCT; ts-TIMP2引物2扩增序列测序结果:CGTTTTGCAATGCAGATGTAGTGATCAG GGCCAAAGCGGTCAGTGAGAAGGAAGTGGACTCTGG AAACGACATTTATGGCAACCCTATCAAGAGGATCCA GTATGAGATCAAGCAGATAAAGATGTTCAAAGGGCC TGAGAAGGATATAGAGTTTATCTACACGGCCCCCTCC TCGGCAGTGTGTGGGGTCTCGCTGGACGTTGGAGGA AAGAAGGAATATCTCATTGCAGTGATCAGGGCCAA;琼脂糖凝胶电泳以及测序结果如图1所示。
与0组相比,随着NaAsO2处理浓度的增加,A549细胞的存活率降低(P<0.01,图2),且当NaAsO2为48.48 μM时,细胞存活率为50%,因此,在此后的实验中,选择15、30、45 μM为实验浓度。
与0组相比,30和45 μM组A549细胞中TIMP2 mRNA表达水平上调,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01,图3A);与0组相比,15、30、45 μM组A549细胞中ts-TIMP2 mRNA表达水平上调,且45 μM组与对照组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3B)。
使用qRT-PCR法检测ts-TIMP2 mRNA表达。图4结果表明,与对照组相比,敲低组的ts-TIMP2 mRNA相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),而TIMP2转录本的表达未发生明显变化,说明A549细胞中ts-TIMP2特异性敲低成功。
CCK8检测结果表明(图5),与NC组相比,单独敲低ts-TIMP2,A549细胞活力下降13.18%(P<0.01);若在敲低ts-TIMP2的同时又联合NaAsO2作用,细胞活力则下降更多(P<0.01)。表明敲低ts-TIMP2和NaAsO2联合处理在抑制A549细胞活力中发挥协同作用。
图6A,GFP结果显示细胞转染成功。图6B,Flag蛋白图显示ts-TIMP2大小约35 kd;所用TIMP2抗体与ts-TIMP2含有相同肽段,该抗体可同时检测TIMP2和ts-TIMP2,WB结果显示ts-TIMP2过表达成功。图6C,左图表示Flag蛋白相对表达量在过表达组显著高于对照组(P<0.01),右图表示ts-TIMP2总蛋白相对表达量在过表达组同样显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。这些结果共同显示:Flag标记成功示踪外源表达蛋白,ts-TIMP2基因在A549细胞中实现有效过表达。
图7,CCK8检测结果表明,与对照组相比,单独过表达ts-TIMP2,A549细胞存活率上升24.66%(P<0.01);与亚砷酸钠作用的对照组相比,在亚砷酸钠处理下又过表达ts-TIMP2,A549细胞存活率上升12.05%(P<0.05),表明ts-TIMP2可增强A549细胞在NaAsO2暴露下的细胞活力。
本研究首次将反式剪接异构体 ts-TIMP2 与环境砷暴露相关联,揭示其在亚砷酸钠诱导下显著上调,并发挥促细胞存活作用。因此,ts-TIMP2可能作为砷相关健康风险的潜在分子标志物。实验表明,敲低ts-TIMP2会降低 A549 细胞的活力,且与亚砷酸钠联用时,显著加剧了细胞活力的丧失;反之,过表达ts-TIMP2则能提升细胞活力,并在砷暴露条件下维持较高存活水平。正反证据一致支持亚砷酸钠诱导ts-TIMP2表达,而该反式剪接异构体通过增强细胞活力介导对砷毒性的适应性应答。
更重要的是,ts-TIMP2的应激诱导特性及其明确的促存活功能,为其作为功能性反式剪接产物提供了有力支持。不同于经典的顺式剪接,反式剪接可通过连接不同基因组座位的基因外显子,生成具有调控功能的新转录本[16]。这种机制可能使细胞能够重编程基因表达,以响应微环境变化。这一观点已有实验证据支持,研究表明乳腺癌细胞中经基因间mRNA反式剪接产生的ADIPOR2::FAM72B嵌合转录本,作为新型致癌驱动因子促进肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移[17],这提示反式剪接可能在应激条件下通过激活沉默的编码潜能促进细胞适应性存活。本研究首次揭示 ts-TIMP2 在无机砷暴露下特异性上调并介导细胞保护作用,为反式剪接在环境应激响应中的功能性角色提供了新证据。
然而,必须谨慎看待ts-TIMP2促存活作用的生物学后果。从急性细胞保护角度看,其可能通过维持线粒体功能或抑制凋亡通路发挥保护效应[18-19];但从肿瘤预防视角审视,砷是明确的人类肺致癌物,其毒性部分源于诱导 DNA 损伤和氧化应激[20-21]。若 ts-TIMP2 的活力增强效应使携带 DNA 损伤的细胞得以存活并增殖,则可能间接促进恶性转化,此时所谓的“保护”反而成为癌变风险的帮凶。
本研究存在若干重要局限。首先,所有功能实验均在A549细胞系中完成,难以代表正常肺上皮细胞的生理响应。其次,目前缺乏体内数据,尚不清楚 ts-TIMP2 在砷暴露动物模型或人群肺组织中是否同样被诱导。最后,其分子机制尚未阐明。
综上,尽管本研究仍受限于单一细胞模型、缺乏体内验证及机制细节尚不明确,但其结果为理解环境毒物如何通过非经典转录调控影响细胞命运提供了新视角。未来需在原代肺上皮细胞、类器官、动物模型及人群队列中进一步验证 ts-TIMP2 的生物学功能与临床价值,以科学评估其作为生物标志物或干预靶点的可行性与安全性。
  • 云南省科技厅基础研究专项-面上项目(202401AT070177)
  • 云南省创新团队(202405AS350016)
  • 昆明医科大学环境与职业砷暴露致癌研究科技创新团队项目(CXTD202201)
  • 云南省贺争鸣专家工作站(202305AF150160)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511397
  • 接收时间:2025-11-25
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-25
基金
云南省科技厅基础研究专项-面上项目(202401AT070177)
云南省创新团队(202405AS350016)
昆明医科大学环境与职业砷暴露致癌研究科技创新团队项目(CXTD202201)
云南省贺争鸣专家工作站(202305AF150160)
作者信息
    1.昆明医科大学云南省公共卫生与生物安全重点实验室暨公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
    2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所
    3.国家非人灵长类实验动物资源库

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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