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Article(id=1324044872050672272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511308, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763481600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606497061, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606497061, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606497061, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606497061, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1735, endPage=1741, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044872293941905, articleId=1324044872050672272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the association between chronic disease comorbidity and impaired activities of daily living in elderly patients with osteoporosis, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of chronic comorbidities and impaired activities of daily living in elderly OP patients, explore the association between different comorbidity combinations and daily ADL, and provide theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of elderly OP comorbidities.

Methods

In April 2025, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select research subjects from two townships in Yanchi County, Ningxia, to conduct a questionnaire survey and measure bone density. Obtain association rules for chronic disease combinations in elderly OP patients through association rules, and use binary logistic regression to analyze the magnitude of the association between comorbidities in elderly OP and ADL impairment.

Results

This study included 685 elderly OP patients, with a chronic disease comorbidity rate of 66.72%. The rates of BADL, IADL, and ADL impairment were 10.66%, 11.97%, and 16.79%, respectively. Through the Apriori algorithm, a total of 12 association rules were identified, with “hypertension and osteoporosis” being the most common comorbidity among all combinations (47.445%). Single factor logistic regression analysis shows that the comorbidity combination of “hypertension, lumbar disc disease, and osteoporosis” was significantly associated with increased impairment in BADL and ADL compared to elderly OP patients ［(OR=3.69, 95%CI：1.80-7.55), (OR=3.25, 95%CI：1.69-6.25)］. The comorbidity combination of “hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis” was associated with a higher likelihood of impaired IADL (OR=3.73, 95%CI：2.08-6.69). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that compared with elderly OP patients, the comorbid combination of “lumbar disc disease and osteoporosis” increased the likelihood of impaired BADL and ADL ［(OR=4.27, 95%CI：2.28-7.99), (OR=3.62, 95%CI：2.06-6.38)］, while the “hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis” combination was associated with a higher likelihood of IADL impairment (OR=3.02, 95%CI：1.57-5.80).

Conclusion

Elderly OP patients have impaired activities of daily living, and hypertension plays an important comorbidity center in elderly OP patients. Multiple comorbidity combinations significantly increase the risk of ADL impairment. The healthcare system should focus on the elderly population with comorbidities, develop effective long-term care policies for different comorbidities, and enhance the elderly’s sense of health and quality of life.

, authors=Ya-mei ZHANG1, 2, Ruo-lan LI1, 2, Fan ZHANG1, 2, Qi ZHANG1, 2, Jian-hua CHANG1, 2, Hui QIAO1, 2, authorsList=Ya-mei ZHANG, Ruo-lan LI, Fan ZHANG, Qi ZHANG, Jian-hua CHANG, Hui QIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui QIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044875825545882, articleId=1324044872050672272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=老年骨质疏松患者慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力受损的关联研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解老年OP患者慢性病共病及日常生活活动能力受损现状，探讨不同共病组合与ADL之间的关联，为提高老年OP共病患者的生活质量提供理论依据。

方法

于2025年4月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法于宁夏盐池县两个乡镇选取研究对象，开展问卷调查并测量骨密度。通过关联规则得出老年OP患者慢病组合的关联规则，使用二元logistic回归分析老年OP共病组合与ADL受损的关联大小。

结果

本研究纳入685例老年OP患者，慢性病共病率为 66.72%。BADL、IADL、ADL受损率分别为10.66%、11.97%、16.79%。通过Apriori 算法共识别出12条关联规则，“高血压与骨质疏松” 是所有组合中最常见的疾病共病情况（47.445%）。单因素logistic 回归分析显示，“高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合相较于老年OP患者对BADL、ADL受损显著增加［（OR=3.69，95%CI：1.80~7.55）、（OR=3.25，95%CI：1.69~6.25）］，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合显示与较高的IADL受损可能性相关（OR=3.73，95%CI：2.08~6.69）。多因素logistic回归结果显示，与老年OP患者相比，“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合会增加BADL、ADL受损风险的可能性［（OR=4.27，95%CI：2.28~7.99）、（OR=3.62，95%CI：2.06~6.38）］，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合更容易IADL受损（OR=3.02，95%CI：1.57~5.80）。

结论

老年OP患者日常生活活动能力受损良好，高血压在老年OP患者中具有重要的共病中心地位，多种共病组合显著增加了ADL受损的风险。医疗卫生保健系统应重点关注患有共病的老年群体，针对不同共病制定有效的长期护理政策，增强老年人的健康获得感及生活质量。

, authors=张亚梅1, 2, 李若兰1, 2, 张帆1, 2, 张启1, 2, 常建华1, 2, 乔慧1, 2, authorsList=张亚梅, 李若兰, 张帆, 张启, 常建华, 乔慧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔慧, authorNote=

张亚梅（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康统计与卫生服务研究

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乔慧，E-mail：
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on aging and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044995430326509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, awardId=72364031; 72264032, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031; 72264032), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324044995522601198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, awardId=XJKF240314, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044988169986223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044988178374832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, companyId=1324044988169986223, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044988186763441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, companyId=1324044988169986223, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院，宁夏 银川 750004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044988258066610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044988270649523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, companyId=1324044988258066610, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044992599171296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=ADL impairment in elderly OP patients, figureFileSmall=if9fjh5v8cimc55GT57J2A==, figureFileBig=xibOQhdI6cImDtUlnFtPJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044992691445985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=图1, caption=老年OP患者ADL受损的状况, figureFileSmall=if9fjh5v8cimc55GT57J2A==, figureFileBig=xibOQhdI6cImDtUlnFtPJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044992838246626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Interactive diagram of association rules for chronic comorbidities in OP patients, figureFileSmall=63REIAGH3zSyHvYfcz+JkQ==, figureFileBig=9qQP+WFdyKUZp0SKW3S4/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044992926327011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OP患者慢性病共病关联规则交互式图, figureFileSmall=63REIAGH3zSyHvYfcz+JkQ==, figureFileBig=9qQP+WFdyKUZp0SKW3S4/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044992993435876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of different characteristics of ADL impairment in elderly OP patients ［n(%)］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
否（612）是（73）否（603）是（82）否（570）是（115）
性别
男298(48.69)24(32.88)298(49.42)24(29.27)286(50.18)36(31.30)
女314(51.31)49(67.12)305(50.58)58(70.73)284(49.82)79(68.70)
χ2/t6.55b11.77c13.68c
年龄（岁）
60~292(47.71)20(27.40)289(47.93)23(28.05)278(48.77)34(29.57)
70~266(43.46)43(58.90)266(44.11)43(52.44)246(43.16)63(54.78)
80~54(8.82)10(13.70)48(7.96)16(19.51)46(8.07)18(15.65)
χ2/t11.02b17.68c16.50c
BMI(kg/m2)
<18.526(4.25)3(4.11)24(3.98)5(6.10)24(4.21)5(4.35)
18.5~24247(40.36)22(30.14)246(40.80)23(28.05)237(41.58)32(27.83)
24~28222(36.27)28(38.36)216(35.82)34(41.46)199(34.91)51(44.35)
≥28117(19.12)20(27.40)117(19.40)20(24.39)110(19.30)27(23.48)
χ2/t4.055.287.78
婚姻状况
无配偶77(12.58)16(21.92)75(12.44)18(21.95)70(12.28)23(20.00)
有配偶535(87.42)57(78.08)528(87.56)64(78.05)500(87.72)92(80.00)
χ2/t4.84a5.57a4.86a
文化程度
没上过学344(56.21)56(76.71)332(55.06)68(82.93)310(54.39)90(78.26)
小学168(27.45)13(17.81)169(28.03)12(14.63)162(28.42)19(16.52)
初中82(13.40)4(5.48)84(13.93)2(2.44)80(14.04)6(5.22)
高中及以上18(2.94)0(0.00)18(2.99)0(0.00)18(3.16)0(0.00)
χ2/t12.40b24.54c21.03c
职业类型
非务农16(2.61)0(0.00)15(2.49)1(1.22)15(2.63)1(0.87)
务农596(97.39)73(100.00)588(97.51)81(98.78)555(97.37)114(99.13)
χ2/t0.980.100.64
慢性病共病
否218(35.62)10(13.70)214(35.49)14(17.07)209(36.67)19(16.52)
是394(64.38)63(86.30)389(64.51)68(82.93)361(63.33)96(83.48)
χ2/t14.12c11.02c17.49c
吸烟
否464(75.82)65(89.04)459(76.12)70(85.37)430(75.44)99(86.09)
是148(24.18)8(10.96)144(23.88)12(14.63)140(24.56)16(13.91)
χ2/t6.49a3.516.17a
饮酒
否535(87.42)67(91.78)523(86.73)79(96.34)494(86.67)108(93.91)
是77(12.58)6(8.22)80(13.27)3(3.66)76(13.33)7(6.09)
χ2/t1.176.26a4.72a
每周运动锻炼
从不锻炼232(37.91)47(64.38)225(37.31)54(65.85)208(36.49)71(61.74)
1~5次133(21.73)8(10.96)136(22.55)5(6.10)130(22.81)11(9.57)
6次及以上247(40.36)18(24.66)242(40.13)23(28.05)232(40.70)33(28.70)
χ2/t19.06c26.66b26.69c
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993085710565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年OP患者ADL受损的不同特征比较［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
否（612）是（73）否（603）是（82）否（570）是（115）
性别
男298(48.69)24(32.88)298(49.42)24(29.27)286(50.18)36(31.30)
女314(51.31)49(67.12)305(50.58)58(70.73)284(49.82)79(68.70)
χ2/t6.55b11.77c13.68c
年龄（岁）
60~292(47.71)20(27.40)289(47.93)23(28.05)278(48.77)34(29.57)
70~266(43.46)43(58.90)266(44.11)43(52.44)246(43.16)63(54.78)
80~54(8.82)10(13.70)48(7.96)16(19.51)46(8.07)18(15.65)
χ2/t11.02b17.68c16.50c
BMI(kg/m2)
<18.526(4.25)3(4.11)24(3.98)5(6.10)24(4.21)5(4.35)
18.5~24247(40.36)22(30.14)246(40.80)23(28.05)237(41.58)32(27.83)
24~28222(36.27)28(38.36)216(35.82)34(41.46)199(34.91)51(44.35)
≥28117(19.12)20(27.40)117(19.40)20(24.39)110(19.30)27(23.48)
χ2/t4.055.287.78
婚姻状况
无配偶77(12.58)16(21.92)75(12.44)18(21.95)70(12.28)23(20.00)
有配偶535(87.42)57(78.08)528(87.56)64(78.05)500(87.72)92(80.00)
χ2/t4.84a5.57a4.86a
文化程度
没上过学344(56.21)56(76.71)332(55.06)68(82.93)310(54.39)90(78.26)
小学168(27.45)13(17.81)169(28.03)12(14.63)162(28.42)19(16.52)
初中82(13.40)4(5.48)84(13.93)2(2.44)80(14.04)6(5.22)
高中及以上18(2.94)0(0.00)18(2.99)0(0.00)18(3.16)0(0.00)
χ2/t12.40b24.54c21.03c
职业类型
非务农16(2.61)0(0.00)15(2.49)1(1.22)15(2.63)1(0.87)
务农596(97.39)73(100.00)588(97.51)81(98.78)555(97.37)114(99.13)
χ2/t0.980.100.64
慢性病共病
否218(35.62)10(13.70)214(35.49)14(17.07)209(36.67)19(16.52)
是394(64.38)63(86.30)389(64.51)68(82.93)361(63.33)96(83.48)
χ2/t14.12c11.02c17.49c
吸烟
否464(75.82)65(89.04)459(76.12)70(85.37)430(75.44)99(86.09)
是148(24.18)8(10.96)144(23.88)12(14.63)140(24.56)16(13.91)
χ2/t6.49a3.516.17a
饮酒
否535(87.42)67(91.78)523(86.73)79(96.34)494(86.67)108(93.91)
是77(12.58)6(8.22)80(13.27)3(3.66)76(13.33)7(6.09)
χ2/t1.176.26a4.72a
每周运动锻炼
从不锻炼232(37.91)47(64.38)225(37.31)54(65.85)208(36.49)71(61.74)
1~5次133(21.73)8(10.96)136(22.55)5(6.10)130(22.81)11(9.57)
6次及以上247(40.36)18(24.66)242(40.13)23(28.05)232(40.70)33(28.70)
χ2/t19.06c26.66b26.69c
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993182179558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Association rules for chronic disease comorbidities in osteoporosis patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联规则前项后项例数支持度
（%）
1慢性胃肠炎骨质疏松426.131
2糖尿病骨质疏松537.737
3腰间盘疾病骨质疏松8211.971
4呼吸系统疾病骨质疏松8612.555
5心脏病骨质疏松10014.599
6脑血管疾病骨质疏松10014.599
7高血压骨质疏松32547.445
8高血压、糖尿病骨质疏松375.401
9高血压、腰间盘疾病骨质疏松436.277
10高血压、呼吸系统疾病骨质疏松507.299
11高血压、心脏病骨质疏松689.927
12高血压、脑血管疾病骨质疏松7611.095
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993282842855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

骨质疏松患者慢性病共病的关联规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联规则前项后项例数支持度
（%）
1慢性胃肠炎骨质疏松426.131
2糖尿病骨质疏松537.737
3腰间盘疾病骨质疏松8211.971
4呼吸系统疾病骨质疏松8612.555
5心脏病骨质疏松10014.599
6脑血管疾病骨质疏松10014.599
7高血压骨质疏松32547.445
8高血压、糖尿病骨质疏松375.401
9高血压、腰间盘疾病骨质疏松436.277
10高血压、呼吸系统疾病骨质疏松507.299
11高血压、心脏病骨质疏松689.927
12高血压、脑血管疾病骨质疏松7611.095
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993358340328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate logistic regression analysis on comorbidity of chronic diseases and ADL impairment in OP patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
慢性胃肠炎与骨质疏松2.47(1.13~5.39)0.0232.13(0.98~4.63)0.0562.68(1.37~5.27)0.004
糖尿病与骨质疏松2.10(1.01~4.38)0.0482.65(1.35~5.20)0.0052.57(1.39~4.76)0.003
腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.65(2.06~6.46)<0.0012.59(1.45~4.60)0.0013.08(1.85~5.12)<0.001
心脏病与骨质疏松2.31(1.30~4.09)0.0043.09(1.82~5.24)<0.0012.68(1.65~4.34)<0.001
脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.31(1.30~4.09)0.0041.94(1.11~3.42)0.0212.37(1.45~3.86)<0.001
高血压与骨质疏松1.68(1.02~2.75)0.0401.98(1.23~3.17)0.0051.84(1.22~2.77)0.003
高血压、糖尿病与骨质疏松1.68(0.68~4.17)0.2652.96(1.38~6.37)0.0052.54(1.24~5.22)0.011
高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.69(1.80~7.55)<0.0012.76(1.33~5.73)0.0063.25(1.69~6.25)<0.001
高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松3.37(1.70~6.68)<0.0013.24(1.66~6.32)<0.0012.82(1.51~5.27)0.001
高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松2.19(1.13~4.25)0.0203.73(2.08~6.69)<0.0013.15(1.83~5.44)<0.001
高血压、脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.85(1.55~5.21)<0.0012.41(1.33~4.38)0.0043.04(1.80~5.13)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993433837801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

OP患者慢性病共病组合与ADL受损的单因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
慢性胃肠炎与骨质疏松2.47(1.13~5.39)0.0232.13(0.98~4.63)0.0562.68(1.37~5.27)0.004
糖尿病与骨质疏松2.10(1.01~4.38)0.0482.65(1.35~5.20)0.0052.57(1.39~4.76)0.003
腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.65(2.06~6.46)<0.0012.59(1.45~4.60)0.0013.08(1.85~5.12)<0.001
心脏病与骨质疏松2.31(1.30~4.09)0.0043.09(1.82~5.24)<0.0012.68(1.65~4.34)<0.001
脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.31(1.30~4.09)0.0041.94(1.11~3.42)0.0212.37(1.45~3.86)<0.001
高血压与骨质疏松1.68(1.02~2.75)0.0401.98(1.23~3.17)0.0051.84(1.22~2.77)0.003
高血压、糖尿病与骨质疏松1.68(0.68~4.17)0.2652.96(1.38~6.37)0.0052.54(1.24~5.22)0.011
高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.69(1.80~7.55)<0.0012.76(1.33~5.73)0.0063.25(1.69~6.25)<0.001
高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松3.37(1.70~6.68)<0.0013.24(1.66~6.32)<0.0012.82(1.51~5.27)0.001
高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松2.19(1.13~4.25)0.0203.73(2.08~6.69)<0.0013.15(1.83~5.44)<0.001
高血压、脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.85(1.55~5.21)<0.0012.41(1.33~4.38)0.0043.04(1.80~5.13)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993580638442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on comorbidity of chronic diseases and ADL impairment in OP patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
慢性胃肠炎与骨质疏松2.36(1.04~5.39)0.0412.08(0.90~4.80)0.0852.60(1.26~5.34)0.01
糖尿病与骨质疏松2.18(0.99~4.77)0.0522.67(1.28~5.60)0.0092.64(1.35~5.16)0.005
腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松4.27(2.28~7.99)<0.0012.96(1.57~5.59)<0.0013.62(2.06~6.38)<0.001
心脏病与骨质疏松1.80(0.98~3.30)0.0572.52(1.42~4.50)0.0022.16(1.28~3.63)0.004
脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.23(1.21~4.10)0.011.78(0.96~3.28)0.0662.36(1.39~4.03)0.002
高血压与骨质疏松1.30(0.77~2.19)0.3271.46(0.87~2.43)0.151.42(0.92~2.21)0.113
高血压、糖尿病与骨质疏松1.42(0.54~3.68)0.4762.41(1.05~5.54)0.0392.11(0.97~4.57)0.06
高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.39(1.57~7.31)0.0022.61(1.18~5.79)0.0183.12(1.53~6.35)0.002
高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松1.57(0.78~3.17)0.2083.02(1.57~5.80)<0.0012.48(1.36~4.50)0.003
高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松2.24(1.07~4.69)0.0322.09(1.00~4.39)0.0511.86(0.94~3.69)0.075
高血压、脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.47(1.29~4.73)0.0061.99(1.04~3.81)0.0392.78(1.57~4.95)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044993656135915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044872050672272, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

OP患者慢性病共病组合与ADL受损的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量BADL受损IADL受损ADL受损
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
慢性胃肠炎与骨质疏松2.36(1.04~5.39)0.0412.08(0.90~4.80)0.0852.60(1.26~5.34)0.01
糖尿病与骨质疏松2.18(0.99~4.77)0.0522.67(1.28~5.60)0.0092.64(1.35~5.16)0.005
腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松4.27(2.28~7.99)<0.0012.96(1.57~5.59)<0.0013.62(2.06~6.38)<0.001
心脏病与骨质疏松1.80(0.98~3.30)0.0572.52(1.42~4.50)0.0022.16(1.28~3.63)0.004
脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.23(1.21~4.10)0.011.78(0.96~3.28)0.0662.36(1.39~4.03)0.002
高血压与骨质疏松1.30(0.77~2.19)0.3271.46(0.87~2.43)0.151.42(0.92~2.21)0.113
高血压、糖尿病与骨质疏松1.42(0.54~3.68)0.4762.41(1.05~5.54)0.0392.11(0.97~4.57)0.06
高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松3.39(1.57~7.31)0.0022.61(1.18~5.79)0.0183.12(1.53~6.35)0.002
高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松1.57(0.78~3.17)0.2083.02(1.57~5.80)<0.0012.48(1.36~4.50)0.003
高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松2.24(1.07~4.69)0.0322.09(1.00~4.39)0.0511.86(0.94~3.69)0.075
高血压、脑血管疾病与骨质疏松2.47(1.29~4.73)0.0061.99(1.04~3.81)0.0392.78(1.57~4.95)<0.001
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老年骨质疏松患者慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力受损的关联研究
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张亚梅 1, 2 , 李若兰 1, 2 , 张帆 1, 2 , 张启 1, 2 , 常建华 1, 2 , 乔慧 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(10): 1735-1741
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (10) : 1735 -1741
老年骨质疏松患者慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力受损的关联研究
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张亚梅（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康统计与卫生服务研究

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张亚梅1, 2, 李若兰1, 2, 张帆1, 2, 张启1, 2, 常建华1, 2, 乔慧1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院，宁夏 银川 750004
  • 2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
通讯作者:
乔慧，E-mail：
作者简介:

张亚梅（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康统计与卫生服务研究

A study on the association between chronic disease comorbidity and impaired activities of daily living in elderly patients with osteoporosis
Ya-mei ZHANG1, 2, Ruo-lan LI1, 2, Fan ZHANG1, 2, Qi ZHANG1, 2, Jian-hua CHANG1, 2, Hui QIAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511308
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摘要
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目的

了解老年OP患者慢性病共病及日常生活活动能力受损现状，探讨不同共病组合与ADL之间的关联，为提高老年OP共病患者的生活质量提供理论依据。

方法

于2025年4月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法于宁夏盐池县两个乡镇选取研究对象，开展问卷调查并测量骨密度。通过关联规则得出老年OP患者慢病组合的关联规则，使用二元logistic回归分析老年OP共病组合与ADL受损的关联大小。

结果

本研究纳入685例老年OP患者，慢性病共病率为 66.72%。BADL、IADL、ADL受损率分别为10.66%、11.97%、16.79%。通过Apriori 算法共识别出12条关联规则，“高血压与骨质疏松” 是所有组合中最常见的疾病共病情况（47.445%）。单因素logistic 回归分析显示，“高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合相较于老年OP患者对BADL、ADL受损显著增加［（OR=3.69，95%CI：1.80~7.55）、（OR=3.25，95%CI：1.69~6.25）］，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合显示与较高的IADL受损可能性相关（OR=3.73，95%CI：2.08~6.69）。多因素logistic回归结果显示，与老年OP患者相比，“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合会增加BADL、ADL受损风险的可能性［（OR=4.27，95%CI：2.28~7.99）、（OR=3.62，95%CI：2.06~6.38）］，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合更容易IADL受损（OR=3.02，95%CI：1.57~5.80）。

结论

老年OP患者日常生活活动能力受损良好，高血压在老年OP患者中具有重要的共病中心地位，多种共病组合显著增加了ADL受损的风险。医疗卫生保健系统应重点关注患有共病的老年群体，针对不同共病制定有效的长期护理政策，增强老年人的健康获得感及生活质量。

骨质疏松  /  慢性病共病  /  日常生活活动能力  /  老年人
Objective

To understand the current status of chronic comorbidities and impaired activities of daily living in elderly OP patients, explore the association between different comorbidity combinations and daily ADL, and provide theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of elderly OP comorbidities.

Methods

In April 2025, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select research subjects from two townships in Yanchi County, Ningxia, to conduct a questionnaire survey and measure bone density. Obtain association rules for chronic disease combinations in elderly OP patients through association rules, and use binary logistic regression to analyze the magnitude of the association between comorbidities in elderly OP and ADL impairment.

Results

This study included 685 elderly OP patients, with a chronic disease comorbidity rate of 66.72%. The rates of BADL, IADL, and ADL impairment were 10.66%, 11.97%, and 16.79%, respectively. Through the Apriori algorithm, a total of 12 association rules were identified, with “hypertension and osteoporosis” being the most common comorbidity among all combinations (47.445%). Single factor logistic regression analysis shows that the comorbidity combination of “hypertension, lumbar disc disease, and osteoporosis” was significantly associated with increased impairment in BADL and ADL compared to elderly OP patients ［(OR=3.69, 95%CI：1.80-7.55), (OR=3.25, 95%CI：1.69-6.25)］. The comorbidity combination of “hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis” was associated with a higher likelihood of impaired IADL (OR=3.73, 95%CI：2.08-6.69). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that compared with elderly OP patients, the comorbid combination of “lumbar disc disease and osteoporosis” increased the likelihood of impaired BADL and ADL ［(OR=4.27, 95%CI：2.28-7.99), (OR=3.62, 95%CI：2.06-6.38)］, while the “hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis” combination was associated with a higher likelihood of IADL impairment (OR=3.02, 95%CI：1.57-5.80).

Conclusion

Elderly OP patients have impaired activities of daily living, and hypertension plays an important comorbidity center in elderly OP patients. Multiple comorbidity combinations significantly increase the risk of ADL impairment. The healthcare system should focus on the elderly population with comorbidities, develop effective long-term care policies for different comorbidities, and enhance the elderly’s sense of health and quality of life.

Osteoporosis  /  Chronic comorbidities  /  Activities of daily living  /  Elderly people
张亚梅, 李若兰, 张帆, 张启, 常建华, 乔慧. 老年骨质疏松患者慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力受损的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1735 -1741 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511308
Ya-mei ZHANG, Ruo-lan LI, Fan ZHANG, Qi ZHANG, Jian-hua CHANG, Hui QIAO. A study on the association between chronic disease comorbidity and impaired activities of daily living in elderly patients with osteoporosis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1735 -1741 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511308
正文
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2018年我国居民骨质疏松流行病学调查显示，65岁以上人群骨质疏松症患病率高达32.0%[1]。骨质疏松（osteoporosis,OP）是一种以骨量低下、骨组织微结构损坏导致骨脆性增加甚至骨折的疾病，进而导致疼痛、残疾，严重影响患者的日常活动和生活质量[2]。日常生活活动能力（BADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）被认为是个人生活质量的潜在指标[3]。个人患≥2种疾病则称为慢性病共病，已成为全球日趋严重的挑战，研究表明，高收入国家65岁以上共病的流行率为66.10%[4]，我国老年共病率为92.24%[5]。共病患者面临着高昂的医疗费用、治疗周期长且难以治愈的困境，不仅造成了严重的经济负担，还伴随着较高的死亡率[6]。第七次全国人口普查显示，我国60岁及以上人口比重较第六次上升了5.44%[7]。人口老龄化程度持续加深使老年慢性病患病情况呈现出加速的发展态势。慢性病的高流行率加剧了老年人的生理衰退和日常生活活动能力障碍，这反过来又导致了老年人自我护理能力和生活质量的持续下降[8] 。因此，识别影响老年人生活质量的慢性病共病成为重要公共卫生问题。目前关于老年人ADL的研究多聚焦于是否为慢性病共病患者或者单一慢性病患者，老年OP患者的共病组合与ADL的关联还处于起步阶段。因此，本研究旨在了解老年OP患者共病组合对日ADL受损的影响，以期为该领域研究提供理论证据，为改善老年人生活质量提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
于2025年4月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取宁夏盐池县为样本县，按照经济水平的高低随机抽取盐池县的两个乡镇（惠安堡和王乐井），采用整群抽样选取惠安堡乡镇的12个村和王乐井乡镇的13个村作为样本村，随机抽取40%的中老年人为样本人口，共纳入2 207名中老年人，开展问卷调查并进行定量超声骨密度检测，剔除关键信息缺失的样本，最终共纳入685例老年OP患者。本研究通过宁夏医科大学伦理委员会审批（批准文号：2024-Z108）。具体纳入排除标准如下，纳入标准：①年龄≥60岁；②完成骨密度测量者；③自愿参加问卷调査并签署知情同意书者；排除标准：①患有己确诊的严重肝、肾功能不全，精神疾病及癌症患者；②长期（≥3 个月）使用糖皮质激素、降脂药、双膦酸盐类等影响代谢或骨代谢的药物；③不配合调查者或关键信息不全者。
1.2　研究指标
1.2.1　骨质疏松
选取桡骨远端1/3处作为测量部位，使用定量超声骨密度仪检测骨密度，骨密度用T值表示，，当T≥-1表示骨质正常，-2.5<T<-1表示骨量减少，T≤-2.5时，则诊断为骨质疏松[9]。
1.2.2　日常生活活动能力
采用ADL量表作为评估工具[10]，该量表由基础性日常生活活动能力量表（BADL）和工具性日常生活活动能力量表（IADL）构成。BADL涵盖穿衣、洗澡、吃饭、起床下床、上厕所以及控制大小便6项条目，IADL包括做家务、做饭、买东西、拨打电话、吃药及理财6项条目，每个条目又包括没有困难、有困难需要帮助、有困难仍可以完成、无法完成4个水平。回答水平3和（或）水平4则认为该项活动受损，若 BADL、IADL 中任意 1种出现受损情况即为 ADL 受损[11]。
1.2.3　慢性病共病与病种范围
慢性病共病是指个人患两种或两种以上的慢性病[12]。本研究共纳入14种慢性病，分别为高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、腰间盘疾病、慢性胃肠炎、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管疾病、类风湿性关节炎、肝脏疾病、肾脏疾病、精神类疾病、骨质疏松、记忆相关性疾病、恶性肿瘤。
1.3　统计方法
所有数据借助R 4.5.1统计软件进行整理分析。计数资料采用相对数形式表示，计量资料采用（）形式表示，组间比较采用t检验或χ2检验，检验水准α=0.05。Apriori 算法挖掘共病模式，使用支持度、置信度和提升度这三个指标筛选出强关联规则，采用arules 包和可视化arulesViz 包开展。支持度指疾病X和疾病Y同时发生的概率，其值越高代表该共病组合的普遍程度越高；置信度指已患有疾病X的条件下同时患疾病Y的概率，其值越高表示该共病组合的可信度越高；提升度指疾病X的发生是否增加了疾病Y的发生概率，反映疾病间的相关性。将关联规则中的前项与后项联合作为自变量，运用二元 logistic 回归模型分析这些共病组合对日常生活活动能力受损的影响。
1.4　质量控制
调查前，拟定详细的培训手册，对调查员进行统一培训，对调查问卷中的每一项问题进行详细解读；调查中，采用“面对面”的调查方式，现场进行骨密度的检测，确保所有数据的真实可靠；调查后，逐级核查问卷回收的质量及数量，选择epidata双录入数据方式减少数据录入的信息失误。
2　结果
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2.1　老年OP患者日常生活活动能力受损状况
结果显示，685例老年OP患者日常生活活动能力受损状况良好，BADL受损73人，IADL受损82人，ADL受损115人，受损率分别为10.66%、11.97%、16.79%。没有困难完成该项目的比例高达75.18%~87.15%，然而仍有10.22%~7.37%的老年人虽有困难但可以完成此项目，2.63%~9.20%需要帮助或无法完成，其中，理财（9.20%）、上厕所（7.01%）和洗澡（6.71%）项目受损风险较高。见图1。
2.2　老年OP患者ADL受损的基本特征
本次研究共685人，女性363人（52.99%），男性322人（47.01%），平均年龄（70.24±6.33）岁，39.27%OP患者BMI处于正常范围（18.5~23.9kg/m2），婚姻状况以有配偶为主，58.39%的OP患者没上过学，职业类型主要为务农，超过2/3的OP患者为慢性病共病患者（66.72%），超过75%的OP患者不吸烟和不饮酒，超一半的OP患者每周有不同程度的运动锻炼（59.27%）。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、是否慢性病共病、吸烟、饮酒、每周运动锻炼在BADL受损、IADL受损和ADL受损组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而BMI、职业类型在组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表1。
2.3　老年骨质疏松患者慢性病共病关联规则
基于 Apriori 算法分析，将支持度设定为5%，置信度为50%，共识别出12种骨质疏松共病组合。老年OP患者二元共病率最高的前三位分别为高血压325例（47.445%）、心脏病100例（14.599%）、脑血管疾病100例（14.599%）。老年OP患者三元共病率最高的前三位分别为高血压与脑血管疾病76例（11.095%）、高血压与心脏病68例（9.927%）、高血压与呼吸系统疾病50例（7.299%）。见表2。关联规则交互式图分析显示，高血压在该群体中处于中心地位，12条关联规则里有6条关联到高血压（规则 7、8、9、10、11、12），表明在老年OP患者高血压最常见且易与其他疾病共存。见图2。
2.4　老年OP患者慢性病共病组合与ADL受损的logistic回归分析
以是否存在BADL、IADL、ADL受损为因变量，以关联规则识别出的12种OP共病组合为自变量，以表1中在组间差异有统计学意义的变量为控制变量，进行二元logistic回归分析。单因素logistic回归结果显示，“糖尿病与骨质疏松”、“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”、“呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松”、“心脏病与骨质疏松”、“脑血管疾病与骨质疏松”、“高血压与骨质疏松”、“高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”、“高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松”、“高血压心脏病与骨质疏松”、“高血压脑血管疾病与骨质疏松”10种共病组合对BADL、IADL、ADL受损均有影响（P<0.05）；“慢性胃肠炎与骨质疏松”对BADL、ADL受损有影响（P<0.05）；“高血压、糖尿病与骨质疏松”对IADL、ADL受损有影响（P<0.05）。二元共病组合中，“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合相较于老年OP患者对BADL、IADL、ADL受损影响极为显著［（OR=3.65，95%CI：2.06~6.46）、（OR=2.59，95%CI：1.45~4.60）、（OR=0.38，95%CI：1.85~5.12）］；三元共病组合中，“高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合相较于老年OP患者对BADL、IADL、ADL受损显著增加［（OR=3.69，95%CI：1.80~7.55）、（OR=2.76，95%CI：1.33~5.73）、（OR=3.25，95%CI：1.69~6.25）］，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合显示与较高的IADL受损可能性相关（OR=3.73，95%CI：2.08~6.69），见表3。多因素logistic回归结果显示，二元共病组合中，与老年OP患者相比，“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合会增加BADL、IADL、ADL受损风险的可能性［（OR=4.27，95%CI：2.28~7.99）、（OR=2.96，95%CI：1.57~5.59）、（OR=3.62，95%CI：2.06~6.38）］。三元共病组合中，“高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合更容易IADL受损（OR=3.02，95%CI：1.57~5.80），见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究中老年OP患者BADL 、IADL、ADL受损率分别为10.66%、11.97%、16.79%，高于福州市社区[13]老年OP患者ADL受损的研究结果（受损率依次为4.7%、11.8%、12.2%），这一差异可能因作者选用的ADL量表有14个条目，界定受损评分不同，减弱了ADL受损风险。其中，理财、上厕所和洗澡项目受损风险较高，与既往研究相符[14]。这是因为农村家庭仍使用传统蹲式厕所，下蹲和起身需要良好的身体协调[15]；上厕所的发生频率更高，且洗澡涉及个人隐私因素，因此受损频率高于洗澡。此外，老年人虽享受养老保险，但农村交通条件欠佳，银行卡资金变现难，同时记忆、听力和视力的衰退限制其接触电子数字健康素养与使用技能，手机软件功能繁杂，加剧了他们管理钱财的难度。
老年OP患者慢性病共病患病率为66.72%，低于魏戌等关于北京社区OP患者共病率76.78%[16]。原因可能是慢性病种类为居民自报，老年人由于记忆模糊、对非传染性慢性病的认知有限等，致共病的检出率偏低。纳入的12种骨质疏松共病组合中，排名前三的是高血压与骨质疏松（47.445%）、心脏病与骨质疏松（14.599%）、脑血管疾病与骨质疏松（14.599%），与国外研究相符合[17]，骨骼和血管基质成分中有多种基质蛋白，其在骨骼形成和动脉粥样硬化发展中起重要作用。此外，筛选出的关联规则大都与高血压关联，和以往研究结果一致[18]，高血压作为一种患病率极高的“潜伏隐患”，还会显著提升罹患其他疾病并发症的风险，威胁健康。饮食习惯、环境等多因素诱发慢性病，盐池因盐渍化土壤和天然地理环境成为滩羊品牌之乡，居民羊奶摄入量的提升是高血压发病的重要危险因素之一。
不同的共病组合对ADL受损有不同梯度影响，“高血压、呼吸系统疾病与骨质疏松”、 “高血压、心脏病与骨质疏松”共病组合对IADL受损风险和“腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”、“高血压、腰间盘疾病与骨质疏松”共病组合对BADL、ADL受损风险影响突出。因97.66%的人职业为务农，兼顾家庭与农业双重负担，使得腰部关节疼痛及僵硬，从而活动能力有所下降。心血管疾病中枢-运动网络系统失衡致中风后肢体痉挛[19]，平衡障碍、执行功能减弱，从而加重ADL受损可能。刘静等[20]研究指出，合并肌肉萎缩的慢阻肺患者，随衰老的卫星细胞增加、端粒酶缩短，肌肉质量维持能力随之下降，且慢性呼吸系统疾病引发高碳酸血症，使骨骼肌质量降低，进而导致运动及机体协调能力不佳，使患者在日常活动中需要更多帮助甚至无法完成。多种疾病组合显著增加了日常生活活动能力受损的风险，表现出协同作用。
研究表明，慢性病共病是居民因病致贫、返贫及国家经济发展的关键制约因素[12]。老年群体中，慢性病与ADL受损形成恶性循环，这与慢性病病程长、恢复慢、易引发并发症及与ADL潜在风险因素有关。因此，应实施综合举措打破此循环：（1）开展健康服务，发挥家庭医生和基层全科医生作用，为中老人定期测血压、血糖，指导营养、护理知识，关注身心健康，评估健康风险。（2）提供健康咨询，通过电话、广播等方式了解需求，提供针对性指导和个体化干预。（3）强化督导力度，改善社区医疗服务，普及健康教育活动，组织人员培训，增强护理人员对老人需求的理解，做好政策与知识传播。
然而，本研究存在一些局限性。首先，所有慢性病都是自我报告的，很难确定受访者对慢性疾病的知晓率可能导致共病率偏低，其次，本研究为横断面设计，研究对象选取仅宁夏一个县的两个乡镇，其地域、人口特征等相对单一，无法代表更广泛人群的实际情况，不能得出共病组合与ADL受损之间的因果关系，因此后续研究中应扩大研究样本的地域覆盖范围并使用纵向数据。
作者贡献：张亚梅负责文章构思与设计、数据整理分析，负责全流程撰写与修改；李若兰负责文献检索与归纳；张帆负责论文的润色与图表修改；张启和常建华负责文献梳理、结果讨论；乔慧负责文章论文指导与最终审核。所有作者均参加问卷调查的数据收集工作。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031; 72264032)
  • 宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314)
文献
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511308
  • 接收时间：2025-11-19
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-11-19
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364031; 72264032)
宁夏医科大学重大科技项目及科技成果“揭榜挂帅”项目(XJKF240314)
作者信息
    1.宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院，宁夏 银川 750004
    2.宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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