Article(id=1324044836856279236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764950400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606488670, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606488670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606488670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606488670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1817, endPage=1822, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044838487863493, articleId=1324044836856279236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences on depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: the mediating role of social isolation, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the role of social isolation in the long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults, and to provide empirical support for preventing and intervening in the negative effects of ACEs on mental health in this population.

Methods

Based on data from the 2014 life history survey and the 2018 and 2020 follow-up survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a total of 12 695 middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years were included. ACEs were derived from the 2014 data, social isolation from the 2018 data, and depressive symptoms from the 2020 data. The relationships among social isolation, ACEs, and depressive symptoms were examined using independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. The mediating effect of social isolation between ACEs and depressive symptoms was analyzed through mediation models, Sobel tests, and bootstrap tests.

Results

ACEs showed a significant positive correlation with depressive symptoms (β=0.618, P<0.001). Path analysis revealed that social isolation partially mediated the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms. Specifically, ACEs positively predicted social isolation (β=0.026, P<0.001), and social isolation positively predicted depressive symptoms (β=0.913, P<0.001). Both Sobel and Bootstrap tests confirmed the robustness of this mediating effect. The influence of ACEs and social isolation on depressive symptoms was consistent across different genders and age groups within the middle-aged and elderly population.

Conclusion

ACEs can directly or indirectly influence depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults through the mediating effect of social isolation. Relevant social departments should implement life-course intervention strategies, including preventing ACEs, providing psychological counseling, and building social support networks, to alleviate depression issues among middle-aged and older adults.

, authors=Qiu-li ZHU, Jun-qing LUO, Zi-xian HUANG, Ruo-yu GUI, Gang SUN, authorsList=Qiu-li ZHU, Jun-qing LUO, Zi-xian HUANG, Ruo-yu GUI, Gang SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gang SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044840337551574, articleId=1324044836856279236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=童年不良经历对中老年抑郁症状的长期影响——社会隔离的中介效应, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨社会隔离在童年不良经历(ACEs)对中老年抑郁症状长期影响中的作用机制,为预防和干预ACEs对中老年心理健康的负面影响提供实证支持。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2014年生活史调查、2018年、2020年随访调查数据,共纳入12 695名≥45岁中老年人。ACEs取自2014年数据,社会隔离取自2018年数据,抑郁症状取自2020年数据。运用独立样本t检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析三者之间的关系,并采用中介效应模型、Sobel与Bootstrap检验分析社会隔离在ACEs与抑郁症状之间的中介作用。

结果

ACEs与抑郁症状呈显著正相关(β=0.618,P<0.001)。路径分析显示,社会隔离部分介导ACEs与抑郁症状之间的关联。其中,ACEs正向预测社会隔离(β=0.026,P<0.001),社会隔离正向预测抑郁症状(β=0.913,P<0.001)。Sobel与Bootstrap检验均证实该中介效应稳健。ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状的作用在不同性别、年龄的中老年群体中具有普遍性。

结论

ACEs可直接或间接通过社会隔离的中介作用影响中老年抑郁症状,社会相关部门应实施全生命周期干预策略,包括预防ACEs、提供心理疏导及构建社会支持网络等措施,以减轻中老年抑郁问题。

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朱秋黎(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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孙刚,E-mail:
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2025, 34(4): 1445-1455., articleTitle=Social isolation and poor mental health in young People:testing genetic and environmental influences in a longitudinal cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045005370831013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=110, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zhang YW, Kuang JW, Xin ZH, journalName=Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YW, Kuang JW, Xin ZH, et al. Loneliness, social isolation, depression and anxiety among the elderly in Shanghai:Findings from a longitudinal study[J]. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2023, 110: 104980., articleTitle=Loneliness, social isolation, depression and anxiety among the elderly in Shanghai:Findings from a longitudinal study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324045000996171906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, awardId=2022A1515011112, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011112), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045001130389635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, awardId=GD23CGL11, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23CGL11), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044993500950602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044993509339211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, companyId=1324044993500950602, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044993555476556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, companyId=1324044993500950602, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044997649117296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Sample screening flowchart, figureFileSmall=oc3sFJYVsRYJt97J02Uq7Q==, figureFileBig=Ku999qBu9mWA4nRTo6ggiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044997720420465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样本筛选流程, figureFileSmall=oc3sFJYVsRYJt97J02Uq7Q==, figureFileBig=Ku999qBu9mWA4nRTo6ggiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044997867221106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The relationship between total ACEs score and mean CESD-10 score, figureFileSmall=MiHD+it7R1OeW+aXBkGK2A==, figureFileBig=+eVkmR1hhyyjV2CHeztt/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044997963690099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ACEs总数与抑郁症状得分的关系, figureFileSmall=MiHD+it7R1OeW+aXBkGK2A==, figureFileBig=+eVkmR1hhyyjV2CHeztt/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044998068547700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mediating model of social isolation between aces and depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=efSfoQmmlXzLHXpm6yqlyg==, figureFileBig=wQFTD2rPPD8XnR8KOSvEoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044999779823733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=图3, caption=社会隔离在ACEs与抑郁症状之间的中介模型, figureFileSmall=efSfoQmmlXzLHXpm6yqlyg==, figureFileBig=wQFTD2rPPD8XnR8KOSvEoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044999897264246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of depressive symptoms and characteristic differences among middle-aged and elderly individuals

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变量总计
(n=12 695)
是否有抑郁症状P值
无抑郁症状
(n=7 766)
有抑郁症状
(n=4 929)
年龄()61.04±9.1160.45±9.1361.96±9.02<0.001
性别[n(%)]<0.001
女性6 650(52.38)3 535(45.52)3 115(63.20)
男性6 045(47.62)4 231(54.48)1 814(36.80)
父母受教育程度[n(%)]<0.001
文盲6 818(53.71)3 950(50.86)2 868(58.19)
非文盲5 877(46.29)3 816(49.14)2 061(41.81)
童年居住地[n(%)]<0.001
农村11 637(91.67)6 995(90.07)4 642(94.18)
城镇1 058(8.33)771(9.93)287(5.82)
童年家庭经济状况[n(%)]<0.001
较差5 005(39.42)2 793(35.96)2 212(44.88)
一般6 490(51.12)4 128(53.15)2 362(47.92)
较好1 200(9.45)845(10.88)355(7.20)
患慢性病数量()2.31±1.971.94±1.732.91±2.17<0.001
饮酒情况[n(%)]<0.001
否7 960(62.70)4 480(57.69)3 480(70.60)
是4 735(37.30)3 286(42.31)1 449(29.40)
ACEs数量[n(%)]<0.001
0种2 987(23.53)2 014(25.93)973(19.74)
1种4 073(32.08)2 644(34.05)1 429(28.99)
2种2 910(22.92)1 738(22.38)1 172(23.78)
3种1 642(12.93)917(11.81)725(14.71)
≥4种1 083(8.53)453(5.83)630(12.78)
社会隔离指数()1.23±0.851.14±0.831.37±0.86<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044999981150327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中老年人患抑郁症状情况及特征差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总计
(n=12 695)
是否有抑郁症状P值
无抑郁症状
(n=7 766)
有抑郁症状
(n=4 929)
年龄()61.04±9.1160.45±9.1361.96±9.02<0.001
性别[n(%)]<0.001
女性6 650(52.38)3 535(45.52)3 115(63.20)
男性6 045(47.62)4 231(54.48)1 814(36.80)
父母受教育程度[n(%)]<0.001
文盲6 818(53.71)3 950(50.86)2 868(58.19)
非文盲5 877(46.29)3 816(49.14)2 061(41.81)
童年居住地[n(%)]<0.001
农村11 637(91.67)6 995(90.07)4 642(94.18)
城镇1 058(8.33)771(9.93)287(5.82)
童年家庭经济状况[n(%)]<0.001
较差5 005(39.42)2 793(35.96)2 212(44.88)
一般6 490(51.12)4 128(53.15)2 362(47.92)
较好1 200(9.45)845(10.88)355(7.20)
患慢性病数量()2.31±1.971.94±1.732.91±2.17<0.001
饮酒情况[n(%)]<0.001
否7 960(62.70)4 480(57.69)3 480(70.60)
是4 735(37.30)3 286(42.31)1 449(29.40)
ACEs数量[n(%)]<0.001
0种2 987(23.53)2 014(25.93)973(19.74)
1种4 073(32.08)2 644(34.05)1 429(28.99)
2种2 910(22.92)1 738(22.38)1 172(23.78)
3种1 642(12.93)917(11.81)725(14.71)
≥4种1 083(8.53)453(5.83)630(12.78)
社会隔离指数()1.23±0.851.14±0.831.37±0.86<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000069230712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation coefficients (r) between ACEs, social isolation, and depressive symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁症状ACEs社会隔离
抑郁症状1.000
ACEs0.152a1.000
社会隔离0.167a0.048a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000144728185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ACEs、社会隔离和抑郁症状的相关系数(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁症状ACEs社会隔离
抑郁症状1.000
ACEs0.152a1.000
社会隔离0.167a0.048a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000245391482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediating effect of social isolation between ACEs and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型(1)
抑郁症状
模型(2)
社会隔离
模型(3)
抑郁症状
ACEs0.618a(0.044)0.026a(0.006)0.594a(0.044)
社会隔离0.913a(0.064)
性别-2.239a(0.118)-0.091a(0.016)-2.156a(0.117)
年龄0.033a(0.006)0.018a(0.001)0.016b(0.006)
童年居住地-1.873a(0.194)-0.343a(0.027)-1.560a(0.193)
父母受教育程度-0.637a(0.110)-0.101a(0.015)-0.545a(0.109)
童年家庭经济状况-0.705a(0.086)-0.077a(0.012)-0.634a(0.086)
患慢性病数量0.850a(0.028)-0.011b(0.004)0.860a(0.027)
饮酒情况-0.640a(0.123)-0.060a(0.017)-0.585a(0.122)
常数项6.847a(0.414)0.392a(0.057)6.488a(0.412)
观测值12 69512 69512 695
R20.1600.0690.173
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000358637691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

社会隔离在ACEs与中老年抑郁症状之间的中介作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型(1)
抑郁症状
模型(2)
社会隔离
模型(3)
抑郁症状
ACEs0.618a(0.044)0.026a(0.006)0.594a(0.044)
社会隔离0.913a(0.064)
性别-2.239a(0.118)-0.091a(0.016)-2.156a(0.117)
年龄0.033a(0.006)0.018a(0.001)0.016b(0.006)
童年居住地-1.873a(0.194)-0.343a(0.027)-1.560a(0.193)
父母受教育程度-0.637a(0.110)-0.101a(0.015)-0.545a(0.109)
童年家庭经济状况-0.705a(0.086)-0.077a(0.012)-0.634a(0.086)
患慢性病数量0.850a(0.028)-0.011b(0.004)0.860a(0.027)
饮酒情况-0.640a(0.123)-0.060a(0.017)-0.585a(0.122)
常数项6.847a(0.414)0.392a(0.057)6.488a(0.412)
观测值12 69512 69512 695
R20.1600.0690.173
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000446718076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sobel test of mediating effects

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影响路径β值(95%CI)标准误Z值P值
ACEs→社会隔离 (a)0.026 (0.014~0.038)0.0064.263<0.001
社会隔离→抑郁症状 (b)0.913 (0.788~1.038)0.06414.330<0.001
ACEs →社会隔离→抑郁症状 (c’)0.594 (0.507~0.680)0.04413.482<0.001
ACEs →抑郁症状 (c)0.618 (0.531~0.705)0.04413.922<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000538992765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Sobel中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响路径β值(95%CI)标准误Z值P值
ACEs→社会隔离 (a)0.026 (0.014~0.038)0.0064.263<0.001
社会隔离→抑郁症状 (b)0.913 (0.788~1.038)0.06414.330<0.001
ACEs →社会隔离→抑郁症状 (c’)0.594 (0.507~0.680)0.04413.482<0.001
ACEs →抑郁症状 (c)0.618 (0.531~0.705)0.04413.922<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000601907326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bootstrap mediation effect test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型β值(95%CI)Bootstrap
标准误
Z值P值效应占比
(%)
总效应0.618 (0.529~0.706)0.04513.72<0.001
直接效应0.594 (0.507~0.681)0.04413.35<0.00196.13%
中介效应0.024 (0.012~0.036)0.0063.99<0.0013.87%
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000669016191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

Bootstrap中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型β值(95%CI)Bootstrap
标准误
Z值P值效应占比
(%)
总效应0.618 (0.529~0.706)0.04513.72<0.001
直接效应0.594 (0.507~0.681)0.04413.35<0.00196.13%
中介效应0.024 (0.012~0.036)0.0063.99<0.0013.87%
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000744513664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Stratified regression results for the effects of aces and social isolation on depressive symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)
女性
(2)
男性
组间差异
P值
(3)
45~59岁
(4)
≥60岁
组间差异
P值
ACEs0.545a(0.064)0.631a(0.060)0.3340.576a(0.064)0.595a(0.061)0.830
社会隔离0.962a(0.090)0.911a(0.090)0.6960.990a(0.101)0.909a(0.081)0.545
控制变量已控制已控制已控制已控制
观测值6 6506 0455 7956 900
R20.1410.1380.1720.157
), ArticleFig(id=1324045000828399745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044836856279236, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状作用的分层回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量(1)
女性
(2)
男性
组间差异
P值
(3)
45~59岁
(4)
≥60岁
组间差异
P值
ACEs0.545a(0.064)0.631a(0.060)0.3340.576a(0.064)0.595a(0.061)0.830
社会隔离0.962a(0.090)0.911a(0.090)0.6960.990a(0.101)0.909a(0.081)0.545
控制变量已控制已控制已控制已控制
观测值6 6506 0455 7956 900
R20.1410.1380.1720.157
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童年不良经历对中老年抑郁症状的长期影响——社会隔离的中介效应
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朱秋黎 , 骆俊卿 , 黄子娴 , 桂若羽 , 孙刚
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(10): 1817-1822
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (10) : 1817 -1822
童年不良经历对中老年抑郁症状的长期影响——社会隔离的中介效应
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朱秋黎, 骆俊卿, 黄子娴, 桂若羽, 孙刚
作者信息
  • 南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515
通讯作者:
孙刚,E-mail:
作者简介:

朱秋黎(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences on depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: the mediating role of social isolation
Qiu-li ZHU, Jun-qing LUO, Zi-xian HUANG, Ruo-yu GUI, Gang SUN
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512110
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目的

探讨社会隔离在童年不良经历(ACEs)对中老年抑郁症状长期影响中的作用机制,为预防和干预ACEs对中老年心理健康的负面影响提供实证支持。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2014年生活史调查、2018年、2020年随访调查数据,共纳入12 695名≥45岁中老年人。ACEs取自2014年数据,社会隔离取自2018年数据,抑郁症状取自2020年数据。运用独立样本t检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析三者之间的关系,并采用中介效应模型、Sobel与Bootstrap检验分析社会隔离在ACEs与抑郁症状之间的中介作用。

结果

ACEs与抑郁症状呈显著正相关(β=0.618,P<0.001)。路径分析显示,社会隔离部分介导ACEs与抑郁症状之间的关联。其中,ACEs正向预测社会隔离(β=0.026,P<0.001),社会隔离正向预测抑郁症状(β=0.913,P<0.001)。Sobel与Bootstrap检验均证实该中介效应稳健。ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状的作用在不同性别、年龄的中老年群体中具有普遍性。

结论

ACEs可直接或间接通过社会隔离的中介作用影响中老年抑郁症状,社会相关部门应实施全生命周期干预策略,包括预防ACEs、提供心理疏导及构建社会支持网络等措施,以减轻中老年抑郁问题。

童年不良经历  /  抑郁症状  /  社会隔离  /  中老年人  /  中介效应
Objective

To investigate the role of social isolation in the long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults, and to provide empirical support for preventing and intervening in the negative effects of ACEs on mental health in this population.

Methods

Based on data from the 2014 life history survey and the 2018 and 2020 follow-up survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a total of 12 695 middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years were included. ACEs were derived from the 2014 data, social isolation from the 2018 data, and depressive symptoms from the 2020 data. The relationships among social isolation, ACEs, and depressive symptoms were examined using independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. The mediating effect of social isolation between ACEs and depressive symptoms was analyzed through mediation models, Sobel tests, and bootstrap tests.

Results

ACEs showed a significant positive correlation with depressive symptoms (β=0.618, P<0.001). Path analysis revealed that social isolation partially mediated the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms. Specifically, ACEs positively predicted social isolation (β=0.026, P<0.001), and social isolation positively predicted depressive symptoms (β=0.913, P<0.001). Both Sobel and Bootstrap tests confirmed the robustness of this mediating effect. The influence of ACEs and social isolation on depressive symptoms was consistent across different genders and age groups within the middle-aged and elderly population.

Conclusion

ACEs can directly or indirectly influence depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults through the mediating effect of social isolation. Relevant social departments should implement life-course intervention strategies, including preventing ACEs, providing psychological counseling, and building social support networks, to alleviate depression issues among middle-aged and older adults.

Adverse childhood experiences  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Social isolation  /  Middle-aged and older adults  /  Mediating effect
朱秋黎, 骆俊卿, 黄子娴, 桂若羽, 孙刚. 童年不良经历对中老年抑郁症状的长期影响——社会隔离的中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1817 -1822 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512110
Qiu-li ZHU, Jun-qing LUO, Zi-xian HUANG, Ruo-yu GUI, Gang SUN. Long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences on depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: the mediating role of social isolation[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1817 -1822 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512110
童年不良经历(Adverse Childhood Experiences, ACEs)是指个体在童年时期遭遇的各种压力或创伤性事件,例如情感忽视、身体虐待或家庭功能障碍[1-2]。ACEs的暴露情况普遍存在,全球每年有数百万儿童受到其影响[3]。根据生命历程理论,生命早期的不良压力源(如ACEs)会触发社会与生物层面的暴露链条,随着压力源的积累,可能超出个体应对能力和支持恢复健康的可用资源,从而对心理健康产生长远影响[4]。抑郁症状是ACEs最令人担忧的心理健康结局之一[5]。既有研究表明,ACEs暴露会显著增加中老年人罹患心理健康障碍的风险[6-7],如Ma N等人发现,ACEs暴露使老年人患心理健康障碍的风险提高了20.7%[6]。此外,ACEs累积数量与抑郁症状的发生概率存在显著的剂量-反应关系[8]。
社会隔离可能是ACEs影响中老年抑郁的重要潜在机制。具体而言,暴露于ACEs的个体易出现社会隔离,从而提高抑郁症状的发生风险。目前,针对社会隔离在ACEs与中老年抑郁症状之间的作用研究较少,且研究样本多集中于青年人群。一项对韩国18~34岁年轻人的研究发现,ACEs和社会隔离与抑郁症状呈正相关[9],但未深入探讨社会隔离的机制作用。而对挪威成年人的研究表明,感知到的社会隔离在童年身体虐待与内化症状之间有显著的中介作用[10]。另外,该作者还发现,童年逆境通过社会支持的结构和功能影响成年后的心理困扰[11]。因此,目前仍缺乏社会隔离在ACEs暴露与晚年心理健康中的影响证据。
基于上述背景,本研究将探究ACEs对中老年人抑郁症状的影响,并深入分析社会隔离在其中的机制作用。揭示这些潜在机制对于优化公共卫生干预措施和降低抑郁症状的社会负担具有重要价值。
本研究采用中国健康与养老追踪研究(CHARLS)2014年生活史调查数据及2018年、2020年随访调查数据。CHARLS于2011年开展基线调查,并在2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年完成了后续随访。2014年,CHARLS还开展了一项生活史专项调查,旨在收集受访者早期生活经历的详细信息。
纳入标准:①年龄≥45岁;②参加2014年生活史调查和2018年、2020年随访调查;③核心指标和控制变量无异常或缺失。最终纳入12 695名中老年人。样本筛选过程详见图1。
根据以往研究[8, 12],采用一组包含12个项目的问卷来评估ACEs。具体评估项目包括:身体虐待、情感忽视、家庭暴力、同伴欺凌、父母分居或离婚、父母死亡、父母残疾、兄弟姐妹死亡、抚养人患精神疾病、抚养人酗酒或吸毒、抚养人被监禁,以及不安全的社区环境。每项ACEs指标的回答分为两类,发生则赋值为1,未发生则赋值为0,并将所有指标的回答分值相加得出总分,总分范围在0~12分,得分越高表明经历的ACEs种数越多。
采用10项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CESD-10)对中老年人抑郁症状进行评估[13-14]。量表的10项问题均采用4点计分:很少或没有=0分,不太多=1分,有时或一半时间=2分,大多数时间=3分。对两项积极情绪问题进行反向计分,最后将10项得分加总,得分区间为0~30分。得分≥10为有抑郁症状,得分越高表示抑郁的严重程度越高[15]。
参考前人研究[12, 16],采用4项指标评估社会隔离情况。具体评分标准为:未婚(分居、离婚、丧偶、从未结婚);每周与子女见面或电话联系少于一次;近一个月未参加任何社交活动;独居。每项指标采用二元选择(是/否)进行回答,将4项指标得分累加计算社会隔离指数,总分范围在0~4分。
根据既往研究[12, 16],本研究纳入了以下协变量:性别、年龄、童年时期社会经济地位(童年居住地、父母受教育程度、童年家庭经济状况)、患慢性病数量及饮酒情况。各变量的具体分类情况见表1。
采用Stata 18.0软件进行数据清洗与统计分析,使用SPSS 27.0进行共同方法偏差检验。描述性分析中连续变量用表示,分类变量用频数和百分比表示。使用t检验或χ2检验比较不同中老年人抑郁症状亚组之间的特征差异。运用Pearson相关分析测量ACEs、社会隔离和抑郁症状之间的关联性[13]。采用Baron和Kenny提出的中介效应模型检验社会隔离在ACEs和抑郁症状之间的作用机制[14, 17]。使用Sobel检验评估社会隔离中介效应的显著性[14, 15],并通过Bootstrap检验(抽样次数为5 000)纠正偏倚[18]。当总效应和间接效应均显著时,中介效应才被认为是显著的。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
采用Harman单因素检验评估潜在的共同方法偏差。结果显示,未旋转的第一个主成分解释了总方差的 15.69%,低于40%的常用临界标准,表明共同方法偏差在本研究中未构成严重威胁。
本研究共纳入12 695名中老年人,平均年龄为61.04岁(s=9.11),其中女性6 650人(52.38%)。抑郁症状检出率为38.82%,76.47%的受访者至少经历一类ACEs。单因素分析显示,有抑郁症状的受访者在人口学特征、童年社会经济状况及健康状况上与无症状者存在显著差异(P<0.001)。具体而言,有抑郁症状者平均年龄更大、女性占比更高;其童年期社会经济地位整体更低(如父母文盲、农村居住、家庭经济自评较差的比例更高);同时,该群体患慢性病的数量更多,经历的ACEs种类更多,社会隔离程度也更高。如图2所示,随着ACEs暴露水平增加,抑郁得分呈上升趋势。受访者基本特征详见表1。
Pearson相关分析结果如表2所示。ACEs、社会隔离和抑郁症状之间存在相互显著的相关性(P<0.001)。具体而言,ACEs与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.152, P<0.001),与社会隔离呈正相关(r=0.048, P<0.001)。社会隔离与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.167, P<0.001)。
表3为控制协变量后社会隔离对ACEs与抑郁症状的中介分析结果。在总效应回归(模型1)中,ACEs对抑郁症状具有显著正向预测作用(β=0.618, P<0.001)。考虑社会隔离的间接影响时,这种关系仍然显著(β=0.594, P<0.001)。此外,ACEs与社会隔离呈显著正关联(β=0.026, P<0.001),且社会隔离与抑郁症状呈显著正关联(β=0.913, P<0.001)。具体中介模型见图3。
采用Sobel与Bootstrap方法检验社会隔离中介效应的稳健性。表4为Sobel中介效应检验结果。在中介效应模型中,ACEs对社会隔离的路径a(β=0.026)、社会隔离对抑郁症状的路径b(β=0.913)以及ACEs对抑郁症状的路径c’(β=0.594)系数均显著(P<0.001);在总效应模型中,ACEs对抑郁症状的路径c系数(β=0.618)也显著(P<0.001)。
表5 Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示,ACEs对抑郁症状的总效应为0.618(95%CI: 0.529~0.706)。加入中介变量社会隔离后,ACEs对抑郁症状仍具有显著正相关(P<0.001),系数从0.618降到0.594,表明ACEs既能直接增加抑郁症状风险,也能间接通过加剧社会隔离升高。其中,社会隔离的中介效应为0.024(95%CI: 0.012~0.036),中介效应占比3.87%。所有路径的置信区间均不包含0,说明社会隔离的中介效应具有稳健性[14]。
为检验ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状的作用是否因人口学特征而异,本研究进行了亚组分析(表6)。结果显示,无论在男性或女性、中年或老年群体中,ACEs与社会隔离均能显著正向预测抑郁症状(所有P<0.001)。组间系数差异检验表明,ACEs与社会隔离的效应在性别间(P值分别为0.334和0.696)及年龄组间(P值分别为0.830和0.545)均无统计学显著差异。这提示ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状的作用在不同性别、年龄的中老年群体中具有普遍性。
本研究结果显示,童年不良经历(ACEs)与中老年人社会隔离和抑郁症状之间存在显著正相关,其中社会隔离部分介导了ACEs与抑郁症状之间的关联,中介效应占比为3.87%。即ACEs不仅与抑郁症状风险增加直接相关(β=0.594,P<0.001),还可通过增加社会隔离程度间接加剧抑郁症状发展。Sobel与Bootstrap检验均证实了该中介效应模型的稳健性。异质性分析显示,ACEs与社会隔离对抑郁症状的作用在不同性别和年龄组间无显著差异。
ACEs与中老年抑郁症状的风险增加有关,这与已有研究相似[6-7,19]。例如,基于美国28个州老年人的研究表明,较多的ACEs暴露显著增加了抑郁诊断的概率[19]。ACEs与抑郁症状之间的关系可以通过多种生物学和社会学机制进行解释。例如,炎症被认为是ACEs影响抑郁症的重要心理生物学机制之一[20]。ACEs还可能导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能紊乱,引发糖皮质激素过度分泌,从而增加抑郁等精神健康问题的发生风险[21]。同时,长期暴露于ACEs可能诱发海马体积的结构性改变,进而增加认知能力下降的风险[22],这不仅限制了老年人的社交互动能力,还进一步损害其心理健康。此外,压力敏感化模型表明,早期逆境使个体对后续近端压力敏感,从而增加其患精神障碍的易感性[23]。风险家庭模型也表明,童年的逆境通过引发社交障碍和情绪调节缺陷,对成年后的心理困扰产生影响[24]。
社会隔离在ACEs与中老年抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用,这与Sheikh的研究结果相似[10-11]。一方面,ACEs与社会隔离的风险增加有关[10, 25]。如Choi等在韩国的研究发现,与低童年逆境组相比,经历更多童年逆境的成年人社交隔离的发生率更高[25]。ACEs会损害个人的社交技巧以及获取社会支持的能力,使其难以建立高质量的社会关系并缺乏充分的情感支持[18]。Ebbert等发现,童年时期的情感虐待可能对社交和情感发展造成破坏,进而导致中年阶段的社会功能缺陷[26]。此外,遭受ACEs的人由于信任缺乏和情绪调节能力较弱,相较于同龄人更难建立健康的人际关系[27]。另一方面,社会隔离与抑郁症状的风险增加有关[28]。社会隔离是心理健康状况不佳的既定危险因素[29],同时也是ACEs与整体认知和执行功能下降之间关联的重要调节因素[16]。长期的社会隔离可能导致老年人心理压力的积累,从而加剧抑郁症状的发展[13]。Inoue等基于日本纵向队列研究发现,社会隔离在老年人抑郁症状发展中发挥着关键作用[28]。处于社会隔离的老年人更容易感到孤独并出现抑郁症状[9]。另外,持续的社会隔离与更严重的抑郁症状相关[30]。总体而言,ACEs通过增加社会隔离程度,进而引发或加剧中老年抑郁症状的途径是被接受和理解的。尽管这一路径的效应量在统计学上相对有限,但其公共卫生意义值得重视。结合本研究中高达76.47%的ACEs暴露率,该路径在人口层面可能代表着较大规模的可预防抑郁负担。未来还需要更多的流行病学和纵向追踪研究来证实这一路径。
综上所述,本研究发现ACEs与中老年抑郁症状之间存在显著正相关,且社会隔离在其中起部分中介作用,这提示ACEs不仅能直接增加个体抑郁风险,也可通过加剧其社会隔离程度间接影响心理健康。因此,为有效降低中老年抑郁发生风险,需采取贯穿生命全程的干预策略:在儿童阶段,应加强家庭与社区防护,推动建立跨部门协作的ACEs预防、筛查与早期干预机制,以减少ACEs暴露及其长远影响;在中老年阶段,则将缓解社会隔离作为心理社会干预的重点之一,尤其关注有ACEs暴露史的个体,通过组织群体活动、促进志愿服务和构建支持性社交环境,提升其社会参与度和归属感。
本研究仍存在一定局限。首先,ACEs数据依赖受访者中老年期的回顾性报告,可能存在回忆偏倚,且抑郁状态可能影响回忆的准确性,从而高估关联。其次,尽管研究已控制了部分先验混杂变量与后暴露变量,但仍未能充分控制随访期间可能发生的重大生活事件等混杂因素,从而影响结果准确性。
  • 广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011112)
  • 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23CGL11)
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512110
  • 接收时间:2025-12-06
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-06
基金
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011112)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23CGL11)
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    南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东 广州 510515

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孙刚,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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