Article(id=1324044799841543130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762272000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606479845, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606479845, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606479845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606479845, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1830, endPage=1835, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044800055452635, articleId=1324044799841543130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of health science popularization needs of middle-aged and elderly people based on the Kano model, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the health science popularization demand attributes of middle-aged and elderly people in Henan Province, analyze the impact of different demand attributes on satisfaction, and analyze the differences in health sciencepopularization needs of middle-aged and elderly people with different characteristics.

Methods

A total of 423 middle-aged and elderly people were randomly selected from the health literacy monitoring points in Henan, and the general information sheet, the national residents' health literacy monitoring questionnaire and the self-made health science popularization demand Kano questionnaire were used for survey. The demand attributes and their differences were analyzed by frequency statistics, Better-Worse analysis and chi-square test.

Results

Among the 34 items, there were 3 expected needs, 13 attractiveness needs, 15 indifferent needs, and 3 reverse needs. Expected needs were primarily concentrated in the dimensions of communication institutions and personnel, specifically large hospitals, community hospitals, and healthcare professionals. Attractiveness needs mainly focused on the dimensions of science popularization content, formats, and delivery channels. The Better-Worse quadrant distribution chart showed 18 items in the first quadrant, 15 in the third quadrant, and 1 in the fourth quadrant. Differences in health science popularization needs were observed among middle-aged and elderly individuals based on gender, residential location, and health literacy levels.

Conclusion

Middle-aged and elderly populations exhibit significant demand for health science popularization. It is essential to clarify the core role of hospitals and healthcare professionals in science popularization to meet expected needs, promote innovation in formats and content to stimulate attractiveness demands, and implement targeted stratified science popularization based on the characteristics of this demographic.

, authors=Yong-mei HU1, Li XIA1, Xiao-jing LI1, Ze-ran QIAO1, Fu-rong LIU2, Yun GAO3, Liang SUN1, authorsList=Yong-mei HU, Li XIA, Xiao-jing LI, Ze-ran QIAO, Fu-rong LIU, Yun GAO, Liang SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liang SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044800617489374, articleId=1324044799841543130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于Kano模型中老年人健康科普需求分析, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

识别河南省中老年人健康科普需求属性,分析不同需求属性对满意度的影响,并分析不同特征中老年人在健康科普需求上的差异。

方法

在河南健康素养监测点随机抽取423名中老年人,使用一般资料表、全国居民健康素养监测问卷及自制健康科普需求Kano问卷进行调查。通过频数统计、Better-Worse分析法和卡方检验,分析需求属性及其差异。

结果

34项项目中包括3项期望需求、13项魅力需求、15项无差异需求以及3项反向需求。期望需求集中在传播机构与传播人员维度,即大型医院、社区医院、医护人员,魅力需求主要集中在科普内容,形式与途径维度。Better-Worse四象限分布图中18项位于第一象限,15项位于第三象限,1项位于第四象限。不同性别、居住地、健康素养水平的中老年人健康科普需求属性存在差异。

结论

中老年人对健康科普有显著需求,需明确医院与医护人员核心科普地位以满足期望需求,推动形式与内容创新激发魅力需求,并依据中老年人群特征实施精准化分层科普。

, authors=扈永梅1, 夏丽1, 李晓静1, 乔泽冉1, 刘芙蓉2, 高云3, 孙亮1, authorsList=扈永梅, 夏丽, 李晓静, 乔泽冉, 刘芙蓉, 高云, 孙亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙亮, authorNote=

扈永梅(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学,健康教育

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孙亮,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=J+5pQw8pX448NTv2LsSacg==, magXml=TV8V1Uipy38yUWX8i7JLUg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nMjcQotrU3gsGT+gpYTbZw==, pdfFileSize=683569, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8AgASUI9MBb+aZ9abvyADw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=P2TI+BEpqSpw89HO9WvuTA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324044978841859047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324044979001242601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, authorId=1324044978841859047, language=EN, stringName=Yong-mei HU, firstName=Yong-mei, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324044979433255914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, authorId=1324044978841859047, language=CN, stringName=扈永梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南 郑州 450001, bio={"content":"

扈永梅(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学,健康教育

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Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2025, 81(9): 5831-5844., articleTitle=Multi-Level factors influencing eHealth literacy among Chinese older adults:a longitudinal study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044988841078840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=60, issue=5, pageStart=692, pageEnd=697, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=夏丽, 刘芙蓉, 朱冬慧, journalName=郑州大学学报:医学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏丽,刘芙蓉,朱冬慧,等. 基于Kano模型的河南省不同健康素养水平居民健康科普需求比较[J]. 郑州大学学报:医学版,2025, 60(5):692-697., articleTitle=基于Kano模型的河南省不同健康素养水平居民健康科普需求比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044988908187705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=60, issue=5, pageStart=692, pageEnd=697, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Xia L, Liu FR, Zhu DH, journalName=Journal of Zhengzhou University(Medical Sciences), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia L, Liu FR, Zhu DH, et al. Comparison of health science popularization demand among residents with different health literacy levels based on the Kano model in Henan Province[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University(Medical Sciences), 2025, 60(5): 692-697. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison of health science popularization demand among residents with different health literacy levels based on the Kano model in Henan Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044984751632411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, awardId=YJS2025XQLH07, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年河南省研究生教育改革与质量提升工程项目(YJS2025XQLH07), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044978481148895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044978489537504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, companyId=1324044978481148895, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044978510509025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, companyId=1324044978481148895, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南 郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044978598589410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044978615366627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, companyId=1324044978598589410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2郑州大学第三附属医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044978724418532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044978732807141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, companyId=1324044978724418532, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3郑州大学美术学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044983841468432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Better-Worse quartile chart of health science popularization demands for middle-agedand elderly people, figureFileSmall=W1oQpprNOxfsEB7iLQHI1g==, figureFileBig=8AgASUI9MBb+aZ9abvyADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044983925354513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中老年健康科普需求Better-Worse四分图, figureFileSmall=W1oQpprNOxfsEB7iLQHI1g==, figureFileBig=8AgASUI9MBb+aZ9abvyADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044984026017810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification table of requirements attributes for the Kano Model

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正向问题反向问题
满意理所当然无所谓勉强接受不满意
满意QAAAO
理所当然RIIIM
无所谓RIIIM
勉强接受RIIIM
不满意RRRRQ
), ArticleFig(id=1324044984197984275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Kano模型需求属性分类表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
正向问题反向问题
满意理所当然无所谓勉强接受不满意
满意QAAAO
理所当然RIIIM
无所谓RIIIM
勉强接受RIIIM
不满意RRRRQ
), ArticleFig(id=1324044984265093140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Attributes of health science popularization demands of middle-aged and elderly people(n=423)

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维度项目需求属性SIDSI
健康科普内容A1慢性病防治A0.71-0.37
A2传染病防治A0.61-0.32
A3性病防治I0.41-0.21
A4季节病防治A0.64-0.32
A5地方病防治I0.45-0.22
A6家庭保健A0.66-0.31
A7妇幼保健I0.52-0.25
A8营养健康A0.64-0.36
A9心理卫生I0.49-0.24
A10损伤中毒I0.58-0.28
健康科普开展形式B1手机短视频A0.72-0.40
B2手机微信公众号、搜索引擎等I0.52-0.27
B3电脑活动、线上参与R0.38-0.16
B4电视、报纸、书籍等I0.61-0.34
B5专家讲座A0.66-0.30
B6医院科普活动A0.66-0.36
B7海报、宣传栏、宣传册I0.54-0.31
健康知识获取途径C1自我学习A0.64-0.35
C2人际间A0.65-0.38
C3群体间A0.66-0.34
C4组织机构I0.55-0.25
C5社区社会层面I0.62-0.34
健康科普开展时间D1工作时间R0.31-0.13
D2放假时间I0.52-0.28
健康知识传播机构E1大型医院O0.76-0.43
E2社区医院O0.72-0.41
E3疾控中心A0.67-0.31
E4学校I0.55-0.21
E5企事业单位I0.42-0.18
E6大众媒体I0.54-0.24
健康知识传播人员F1医护人员O0.75-0.43
F2医学或健康专家A0.77-0.38
F3亲朋好友I0.47-0.15
F4自媒体人员R0.41-0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1324044984344784917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中老年健康科普需求属性(n=423)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度项目需求属性SIDSI
健康科普内容A1慢性病防治A0.71-0.37
A2传染病防治A0.61-0.32
A3性病防治I0.41-0.21
A4季节病防治A0.64-0.32
A5地方病防治I0.45-0.22
A6家庭保健A0.66-0.31
A7妇幼保健I0.52-0.25
A8营养健康A0.64-0.36
A9心理卫生I0.49-0.24
A10损伤中毒I0.58-0.28
健康科普开展形式B1手机短视频A0.72-0.40
B2手机微信公众号、搜索引擎等I0.52-0.27
B3电脑活动、线上参与R0.38-0.16
B4电视、报纸、书籍等I0.61-0.34
B5专家讲座A0.66-0.30
B6医院科普活动A0.66-0.36
B7海报、宣传栏、宣传册I0.54-0.31
健康知识获取途径C1自我学习A0.64-0.35
C2人际间A0.65-0.38
C3群体间A0.66-0.34
C4组织机构I0.55-0.25
C5社区社会层面I0.62-0.34
健康科普开展时间D1工作时间R0.31-0.13
D2放假时间I0.52-0.28
健康知识传播机构E1大型医院O0.76-0.43
E2社区医院O0.72-0.41
E3疾控中心A0.67-0.31
E4学校I0.55-0.21
E5企事业单位I0.42-0.18
E6大众媒体I0.54-0.24
健康知识传播人员F1医护人员O0.75-0.43
F2医学或健康专家A0.77-0.38
F3亲朋好友I0.47-0.15
F4自媒体人员R0.41-0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1324044984432865302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differences in demand attributes among middle-aged and elderly groups with different characteristics

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不同特征项目分组需求属性χ2PSIDSI
性别营养健康男I16.1610.0030.60-0.39
女A0.66-0.34
居住地慢性病城市O25.373<0.0010.71-0.46
农村A0.71-0.27
传染病城市I14.4770.0060.61-0.37
农村A0.61-0.26
季节病城市I10.3950.0340.64-0.35
农村A0.65-0.29
手机短视频城市O29.997<0.0010.77-0.43
农村R0.65-0.35
手机微信公众号、搜索引擎等城市I27.719<0.0010.57-0.29
农村R0.46-0.23
电视、报纸、书籍等城市O11.5290.0210.65-0.37
农村I0.56-0.30
医学或健康专家城市O11.8460.0190.80-0.46
农村A0.74-0.30
健康素养传染病不具备健康素养I11.7510.0190.59-0.29
具备健康素养A0.70-0.45
心理卫生不具备健康素养I13.3300.0100.46-0.24
具备健康素养A0.60-0.23
损失中毒不具备健康素养I11.2880.0460.55-0.27
具备健康素养A0.72-0.32
手机短视频不具备健康素养O14.8400.0110.70-0.40
具备健康素养A0.79-0.37
医院科普活动不具备健康素养O13.8770.0160.66-0.36
具备健康素养A0.66-0.35
自我学习不具备健康素养I18.5800.0020.61-0.34
具备健康素养A0.76-0.36
人际间不具备健康素养I20.610<0.0010.62-0.35
具备健康素养A0.80-0.50
组织机构不具备健康素养I14.8230.0110.51-0.25
具备健康素养A0.72-0.25
社区社会层面不具备健康素养I13.4800.0190.59-0.34
具备健康素养A0.75-0.34
大型医院不具备健康素养O9.5850.0480.75-0.44
具备健康素养A0.82-0.39
社区医院不具备健康素养O15.0580.0050.71-0.42
具备健康素养A0.80-0.37
学校不具备健康素养I15.7760.0030.51-0.21
具备健康素养A0.74-0.21
企事业单位不具备健康素养I15.0920.0100.38-0.18
具备健康素养A0.64-0.20
大众媒体不具备健康素养I22.128<0.0010.50-0.23
具备健康素养A0.68-0.31
亲朋好友不具备健康素养I18.2160.0030.46-0.17
具备健康素养A0.50-0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1324044984520945687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044799841543130, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征中老年群体需求属性差异

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不同特征项目分组需求属性χ2PSIDSI
性别营养健康男I16.1610.0030.60-0.39
女A0.66-0.34
居住地慢性病城市O25.373<0.0010.71-0.46
农村A0.71-0.27
传染病城市I14.4770.0060.61-0.37
农村A0.61-0.26
季节病城市I10.3950.0340.64-0.35
农村A0.65-0.29
手机短视频城市O29.997<0.0010.77-0.43
农村R0.65-0.35
手机微信公众号、搜索引擎等城市I27.719<0.0010.57-0.29
农村R0.46-0.23
电视、报纸、书籍等城市O11.5290.0210.65-0.37
农村I0.56-0.30
医学或健康专家城市O11.8460.0190.80-0.46
农村A0.74-0.30
健康素养传染病不具备健康素养I11.7510.0190.59-0.29
具备健康素养A0.70-0.45
心理卫生不具备健康素养I13.3300.0100.46-0.24
具备健康素养A0.60-0.23
损失中毒不具备健康素养I11.2880.0460.55-0.27
具备健康素养A0.72-0.32
手机短视频不具备健康素养O14.8400.0110.70-0.40
具备健康素养A0.79-0.37
医院科普活动不具备健康素养O13.8770.0160.66-0.36
具备健康素养A0.66-0.35
自我学习不具备健康素养I18.5800.0020.61-0.34
具备健康素养A0.76-0.36
人际间不具备健康素养I20.610<0.0010.62-0.35
具备健康素养A0.80-0.50
组织机构不具备健康素养I14.8230.0110.51-0.25
具备健康素养A0.72-0.25
社区社会层面不具备健康素养I13.4800.0190.59-0.34
具备健康素养A0.75-0.34
大型医院不具备健康素养O9.5850.0480.75-0.44
具备健康素养A0.82-0.39
社区医院不具备健康素养O15.0580.0050.71-0.42
具备健康素养A0.80-0.37
学校不具备健康素养I15.7760.0030.51-0.21
具备健康素养A0.74-0.21
企事业单位不具备健康素养I15.0920.0100.38-0.18
具备健康素养A0.64-0.20
大众媒体不具备健康素养I22.128<0.0010.50-0.23
具备健康素养A0.68-0.31
亲朋好友不具备健康素养I18.2160.0030.46-0.17
具备健康素养A0.50-0.10
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基于Kano模型中老年人健康科普需求分析
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扈永梅 1 , 夏丽 1 , 李晓静 1 , 乔泽冉 1 , 刘芙蓉 2 , 高云 3 , 孙亮 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(10): 1830-1835
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (10) : 1830 -1835
基于Kano模型中老年人健康科普需求分析
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扈永梅1, 夏丽1, 李晓静1, 乔泽冉1, 刘芙蓉2, 高云3, 孙亮1
作者信息
  • 1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2郑州大学第三附属医院
  • 3郑州大学美术学院
通讯作者:
孙亮,E-mail:
作者简介:

扈永梅(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学,健康教育

Analysis of health science popularization needs of middle-aged and elderly people based on the Kano model
Yong-mei HU1, Li XIA1, Xiao-jing LI1, Ze-ran QIAO1, Fu-rong LIU2, Yun GAO3, Liang SUN1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511052
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目的

识别河南省中老年人健康科普需求属性,分析不同需求属性对满意度的影响,并分析不同特征中老年人在健康科普需求上的差异。

方法

在河南健康素养监测点随机抽取423名中老年人,使用一般资料表、全国居民健康素养监测问卷及自制健康科普需求Kano问卷进行调查。通过频数统计、Better-Worse分析法和卡方检验,分析需求属性及其差异。

结果

34项项目中包括3项期望需求、13项魅力需求、15项无差异需求以及3项反向需求。期望需求集中在传播机构与传播人员维度,即大型医院、社区医院、医护人员,魅力需求主要集中在科普内容,形式与途径维度。Better-Worse四象限分布图中18项位于第一象限,15项位于第三象限,1项位于第四象限。不同性别、居住地、健康素养水平的中老年人健康科普需求属性存在差异。

结论

中老年人对健康科普有显著需求,需明确医院与医护人员核心科普地位以满足期望需求,推动形式与内容创新激发魅力需求,并依据中老年人群特征实施精准化分层科普。

中老年人  /  健康科普  /  健康科普需求  /  Kano模型
Objective

To identify the health science popularization demand attributes of middle-aged and elderly people in Henan Province, analyze the impact of different demand attributes on satisfaction, and analyze the differences in health sciencepopularization needs of middle-aged and elderly people with different characteristics.

Methods

A total of 423 middle-aged and elderly people were randomly selected from the health literacy monitoring points in Henan, and the general information sheet, the national residents' health literacy monitoring questionnaire and the self-made health science popularization demand Kano questionnaire were used for survey. The demand attributes and their differences were analyzed by frequency statistics, Better-Worse analysis and chi-square test.

Results

Among the 34 items, there were 3 expected needs, 13 attractiveness needs, 15 indifferent needs, and 3 reverse needs. Expected needs were primarily concentrated in the dimensions of communication institutions and personnel, specifically large hospitals, community hospitals, and healthcare professionals. Attractiveness needs mainly focused on the dimensions of science popularization content, formats, and delivery channels. The Better-Worse quadrant distribution chart showed 18 items in the first quadrant, 15 in the third quadrant, and 1 in the fourth quadrant. Differences in health science popularization needs were observed among middle-aged and elderly individuals based on gender, residential location, and health literacy levels.

Conclusion

Middle-aged and elderly populations exhibit significant demand for health science popularization. It is essential to clarify the core role of hospitals and healthcare professionals in science popularization to meet expected needs, promote innovation in formats and content to stimulate attractiveness demands, and implement targeted stratified science popularization based on the characteristics of this demographic.

Middle-aged and elderly people  /  Health science popularization  /  Health science popularization needs  /  Kano model
扈永梅, 夏丽, 李晓静, 乔泽冉, 刘芙蓉, 高云, 孙亮. 基于Kano模型中老年人健康科普需求分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1830 -1835 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511052
Yong-mei HU, Li XIA, Xiao-jing LI, Ze-ran QIAO, Fu-rong LIU, Yun GAO, Liang SUN. Analysis of health science popularization needs of middle-aged and elderly people based on the Kano model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1830 -1835 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511052
健康科普是将健康知识普及大众、提升全民健康素养和促进自我健康管理的重要途径[1]。《健康中国行动(2019—2030)》将“健康知识普及行动”列为15项专项活动之首[2],其重要性日益凸显。既往健康科普需求研究多基于需求同质化以及需求与满意度线性相关的假设,研究设计上多采用常规问卷调查或定性访谈[3],分析方法上多采用描述性统计或回归分析[4],难以识别需求对满意度的非线性影响,导致研究结论多停留在宏观排序层面,对指导精准科普价值有限。Kano模型由日本质量管理专家狩野纪昭(Noriaki Kano)提出,是对用户需求进行分类的有效工具[5],其能突破传统线性假设局限,将需求区分为必备型、期望型等属性,揭示不同需求类型对满意度的差异化影响。Kano模型已在公共卫生领域得到了广泛应用[6-7]。基于此,本研究引入Kano模型对中老年群体健康科普需求进行分析,为制定高效、精准的科普策略提供科学依据。
本研究在河南省健康素养省级监测点内开展,以参与健康素养监测项目的中老年人为研究对象。参考相关研究惯例并结合本研究实际,将中老年人界定为45岁及以上的常住居民。纳入标准:年龄45岁及以上;过去一年内在当地累计居住超过6个月;具备基本的阅读与理解能力;自愿参与本研究。根据Kano模型中调查问卷数量确定原则,所发放问卷数量需要大于200,且大于Kano模型调查问卷条目数的10倍,本研究涉及34个条目,最终确定样本数量400人。本研究已获得郑州大学第三附属医院医学伦理委员会批准,伦理批准号:2024-179-01。
采用多阶段抽样方法,在河南省健康素养监测点内随机抽取一区一县,在样本区县内按照人口规模成比例抽取3个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇(街道)随机抽取2个村(社区),每个村(社区)随机抽取60户家庭,采用KISH表法在每户家庭中抽取1名45岁~69岁的常住居民作为调查对象。统计结果表明,样本在城乡结构及健康素养水平上与全省总体无显著差异(P>0.05),具有良好代表性。
本研究问卷包括三部分:①一般资料,包括性别、年龄等;②居民健康科普需求Kano问卷,依据《健康中国行动》等文件及相关文献,经课题组多轮内部审核,小样本预测试,最终构建了包含健康科普内容、开展形式、获取途径、开展时间、传播机构及传播人员维度,34项条目的居民健康科普需求Kano问卷。调查由经过统一培训的调查员采用面对面访谈进行代填。经检验,问卷正向、反向问题及整体的Cronbach α分别为0.928、0.927、0.797;KMO分别为0.905、0.911、0.861,显著性值均小于0.001,表明该问卷具有良好的信效度。③国家卫健委统一编制《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》,判断题、单选题回答正确计1分,多选题全部回答正确计2分,满分66分。问卷得分不低于总分的80%,即53分,则判定为具备基本的健康素养水平[8]。
本研究将中老年健康科普需求划分为5种属性,分别为必备需求(M)、期望需求(O)、魅力需求(A)、无差异需求(I)、反向需求(R)。必备需求指中老年人认为在健康科普时必须具备的服务,当提供此类服务时,中老年满意度不会大幅提升;但如果不提供,会产生强烈不满。期望需求指中老年人希望在健康科普中获得的服务,若提供此类服务,其满意度会提高;若不提供,满意度会显著下降。魅力需求指超出中老年人预期的健康科普服务,提供此类服务时,其满意度会显著提高;未提供,满意度也不会明显降低。无差异需求指对中老年人满意度无明显影响的科普服务。反向需求指中老年人不希望在健康科普中出现的服务,当提供此类服务时,其满意度会显著下降;若不提供,满意度会显著提升。基于Kano模型需求属性分类表(见表1),按大多数原则确定服务属性,通过计算满意度系数(SI)和不满意度系数(DSI)量化需求影响。以SI为纵轴、DSI绝对值为横轴(均以平均值为原点)绘制满意度四分图,将需求划分为期望、魅力、无差异和必备四个区域。
运用EpiData 3.1建立数据库,采用双人录入方法。使用SPSS 27.0对数据进行处理与分析,一般资料采用频数、构成比等指标进行描述。运用卡方检验分析不同特征中老年健康科普需求属性差异,检验水准α=0.05。使用Excel和Origin 21.0绘制满意度四分图。
本次调查共收集430份问卷,其中有效问卷423份,有效率98.4%。其中男性178人(42.1%),女性245人(57.9%);职业以农民为主,为226人(53.4%);初、高、中专学历201人(47.5%)占比最多;已婚384人(90.8%);农村人口203人(48%),城市人口220人(52%);居住方式主要为与家人同住,有381人(90.1%);无固定收入中老年最多,为186人(44%),月收入2 000~4 000元151人(35.7%);患有明确诊断疾病或异常的中老年187人(44.2%);276人(65.2%)非常愿意了解健康知识;233人(55.1%)近三个月内没有了解过健康知识;具备健康素养中老年人75人(17.7%)。
分析结果显示,中老年人健康科普需求条目中,3项期望需求(O),13项魅力需求(A),无差异需求(I)15项,反向需求(R)3项。期望需求包括大型医院、社区医院、医护人员。魅力需求包括慢性病防治、传染病防治、季节病防治、家庭保健、营养健康、手机短视频、专家讲座、医院科普活动、自我学习、人际间、群体间、疾控中心、医学与健康专家。反向需求包括电脑活动、工作时间以及自媒体人员。见表2。
满意度系数(SI)排名前五的健康科普服务为:医学或健康专家(0.77)、大型医院(0.76)、普通医护人员(0.75)、社区医院(0.72)、手机短视频(0.72);不满意度系数(DSI)绝对值排名前五的健康科普服务为:普通医护人员(0.43)、大型医院(0.43)、社区医院(0.41)、手机短视频(0.40)、医学或健康专家(0.38)。见表2。
Better-Worse四象限分布图中18项位于第一象限,15项处于第三象限,1项处于第四象限。见图1。
不同特征中老年人群对健康科普需求属性存在显著差异,见表3。
女性更关注营养健康知识,由男性的无差异转变为女性的魅力属性。城乡分组中,农村中老年人对传染病、季节病防治知识为期望属性,城市中老年人为无差异属性。城市中老年人对手机短视频等新媒体形式为期望属性,而农村中老年为反向属性。具备健康素养者在传染病、心理卫生、损失中毒科普内容上为魅力属性,而不具备者为无差异属性。不具备健康素养者更关注医院科普形式,以及大型医院、社区医院等权威传播机构,具备素养者则对学校、企事业单位、大众传媒、亲朋好友多元传播机构和人员需求倾向更高,同时在自我学习、人际交流、组织机构及社区社会等知识获取途径上需求更强烈,表现为魅力需求。
本研究结果显示,大型医院、社区医院、医护人员为期望需求,表明由专业机构及人员开展科普服务会显著提升中老年群体满意度,缺失此类服务将直接导致不满。这与赵栋祥等[9]的研究结果一致,即中老年人更倾向于信任并采纳由医疗机构及其人员提供的健康信息。慢性病防治、传染病防治、季节病防治、家庭保健及营养健康科普内容,手机短视频、专家讲座、医院科普形式为魅力需求,表明提供这些科普服务会显著提升中老年群体满意度,缺失不会引发显著不满。值得注意的是,电脑活动等线上形式、工作时间、自媒体人员进行科普为反向需求,不恰当的提供这些服务会降低满意度。刘宇婷等[10]研究指出中老年群体普遍存在数字鸿沟制约。进行健康科普时,需明确医院、医护人员健康科普核心主体地位,履行健康教育职责[11],稳固此类期望需求。在此基础上,发展魅力需求,围绕慢病管理、季节病等中老年常见健康问题,通过短视频、讲座、义诊等形式进行科普。加强与社区、媒体等的协作,利用其渠道优势,以方言、线下活动等适老方式传播[12]。同时,规避反向需求,充分考虑中老年数字接受能力与作息习惯,避免采用操作复杂的线上形式或不当时间科普,避免由非专业自媒体人员主导核心科普。
本研究发现,营养健康知识在女性中为魅力需求,男性为无差异需求。这与Bian等[13]研究结果一致,即女性对营养和饮食的关注度高于男性。可能与大多数女性扮演家庭健康守护者的角色有关。提示可针对女性重点开设营养膳食、家庭健康烹饪等特色科普,激发其参与热情。
农村中老年对传染病、季节病防治科普为期望需求,高于城市中老年无差异需求。有研究发现,76.5%农村住户周边存在病媒生物孳生环境,如积水容器内可见蚊虫幼虫,厨房内发现鼠迹、蟑螂等,存在传染病的潜在风险[14]。这可以较好地解释农村中老年对传染病科普需求高于城市中老年。城市中老年对健康科普形式需求显著高于农村,其对手机短视频、手机微信公众号形式为期望需求,而农村地区为反向需求。已有研究证实城市居民电子健康素养水平高于农村居民[15]。农村中老年由于电子健康素养较低对手机等数字科普形式存在一定排斥。提示在农村健康科普不应盲目数字化,需在消除技术障碍的同时,充分发挥传统媒介的托底作用。
本研究发现,健康素养是影响中老年人群健康科普需求属性的核心因素。科普内容上,不具备健康素养者将传染病防治、心理卫生等知识视为无差异需求,这可能因为不具备者健康观念多局限于“无病即健康”,主要关注显性的疾病防治知识,对心理卫生等非传统健康知识的价值认识不足,认为其与自身关联低,缺乏主动获取的动力。与夏丽等[16]研究结果相似,该研究指出,不具备健康素养的居民更倾向于因自身存在的健康问题而寻求健康科普,更关注慢性病防治等基础性内容。相反,具备健康素养者能理解此类非传统健康知识对生活质量的增值作用,提供此类知识科普会显著提升其满意度。在科普形式、机构及人员上,不具备健康素养群体表现出“权威依附”倾向,将手机短视频、医院科普活动形式,大型医院、社区医院视为期望需求,这与其信息辨别能力有限有关。而具备健康素养者认知与辨别能力较强,不满足于单向灌输,更倾向于多元互动科普。例如,通过学校、企事业单位、大众媒体进行科普,会显著提升其满意度。提示对低健康素养中老年人群进行科普,应依托权威机构,重点普及慢性病防治等基础知识;对高素养人群,拓展心理卫生等高阶内容,并注重多元互动。
本研究仍存在一定局限。首先,本研究属于横断面调查,样本仅来源于河南省健康素养监测点,受区域经济文化差异及研究设计的限制,结论的外推性及区域适用性有待进一步验证。其次,尽管经过预调查和信效度检验,但自制问卷受限于题项表述复杂性及中老年理解能力的局限,仍可能存在一定的测量偏倚。同时部分分层样本量相对不足,也降低了亚组分析的统计效能。未来研究可考虑开展纵向追踪研究,以探究不同时间节点下人群健康科普需求的动态演变规律;同时,进一步关注不同区域中老年群体的差异化需求特征,以提升研究结论的普适性与针对性。
  • 2025年河南省研究生教育改革与质量提升工程项目(YJS2025XQLH07)
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511052
  • 接收时间:2025-11-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05
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2025年河南省研究生教育改革与质量提升工程项目(YJS2025XQLH07)
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    1.郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南 郑州 450001
    2郑州大学第三附属医院
    3郑州大学美术学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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