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Article(id=1324044762570957517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760976000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606470959, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606470959, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606470959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606470959, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1755, endPage=1759, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044764626166478, articleId=1324044762570957517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Factors associated with intergenerational weight transmission in low-income Chinese families, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the factors associated with intergenerational transmission of weight status in low-income families in China and to provide evidence for policies aimed at interrupting the vertical inequality in health.

Methods

Utilizing data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we employed Multinomial Logistic Regression Model(MLOGIT) models to analyze the associations.

Results

Maternal weight status showed significant effects on offspring weight. Compared to mothers with normal weight, underweight mothers were associated with a 56.7% higher risk of offspring being underweight (OR=1.567, P<0.05) and a 41.9% lower risk of offspring obesity (OR=0.581, P<0.05). Obese mothers were associated with a 55.5% increased risk of offspring obesity (OR=1.555, P<0.05). Paternal weight status had a limited influence on offspring weight outcomes, with no significant association observed between paternal obesity and offspring obesity. Male offspring and children of younger age exhibited a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese. Higher educational attainment of both parents was significantly associated with a reduced risk of offspring overweight or obesity. Furthermore, maternal rural residency was linked to a complex pattern, potentially associated with a decreased risk of offspring underweight yet an increased risk of obesity.

Conclusion

In low-income families, parental weight status is strongly correlated with offspring weight status. Mothers serve as more comprehensive and direct influencers on offspring health, whereas the influence of fathers is relatively limited. Offspring characteristics and household economic factors are also important determinants of offspring health. Therefore, breaking the intergenerational transmission of weight disadvantages in low-income families requires differentiated strategies.

, authors=Wan-yi WU, Ye-qing LING, Jian-guo LI, authorsList=Wan-yi WU, Ye-qing LING, Jian-guo LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-guo LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044765444055761, articleId=1324044762570957517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国低收入家庭成员体重代际传递的影响因素研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨我国低收入家庭体重代际传递的影响因素，为阻断健康纵向不平等提供政策依据。

方法

基于最新中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2022年数据，进行MLOGIT模型分析。

结果

母亲体重状况对子代体重的影响显著：其偏瘦使子代偏瘦风险增加56.7%（OR=1.567，P<0.05），子代肥胖风险降低41.9%（OR=0.581，P<0.05）；其肥胖使子代肥胖风险增加55.5%（OR=1.555，P<0.05）。父亲体重状况对子代影响有限：其肥胖对子代肥胖无显著影响。男性子代、低龄更易超重或肥胖。父母受教育程度提高显著降低子代肥胖风险，农业户籍母亲可能同时关联着子代较低的偏瘦风险和更高的超重肥胖风险。

结论

低收入家庭中父代体重水平与子代体重水平具有较强的相关性，在低收入家庭中，母亲是子代健康更全面且更直接的影响者，父亲的影响则相对有限。子代特征与家庭经济因素也是影响子代健康的重要因素。因此，打破低收入家庭体重劣势的代际传递需采取差异化策略。

, authors=吴婉怡, 凌叶青, 李建国, authorsList=吴婉怡, 凌叶青, 李建国, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李建国, authorNote=

吴婉怡（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康保险

, correspAuthorsNote=
李建国，E-mail：
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吴婉怡（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康保险

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Experiences and implications of healthy weight management policies in Japan，South Korea，and Singapore：Based on the ICCC framework, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324045032986124679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, awardId=2025ZDA03, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省中医药健康服务与产业发展研究中心项目(2025ZDA03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045033053233544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, awardId=Z202503, language=CN, fundingSource=广州中医药历史文化研究基地2025年招标项目(Z202503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045033363612041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, awardId=GZY2025GB1202, language=CN, fundingSource=广州中医药大学“固本”工程一级学科能力提升项目社会医学与卫生事业管理高水平专业建设培育专项(GZY2025GB1202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324045028611465575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045028619854184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, companyId=1324045028611465575, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045028632437097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, companyId=1324045028611465575, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院 广东 广州 510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324045032222761345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量分组及赋值频数占比
（%）
子代体重状况正常=082948.03
偏瘦=143425.14
超重肥胖=246326.83
父亲体重状况正常=01 23272.09
偏瘦=118010.53
超重肥胖=229717.38
母亲体重状况正常=01 10674.78
偏瘦=117111.56
超重肥胖=220213.66
子代性别女性=082647.86
男性=190052.14
子代年龄（岁）0~542224.45
6~1290352.32
13~1640123.23
父亲年龄（岁）≤3563937.39
36~5098957.87
>50814.74
父亲户口状况农业户口=01 43684.03
非农业户口=127315.97
父亲受教程程度小学及以下=055832.65
初中=171041.54
高中及以上=244125.80
父亲医保参保状况无保险=01046.09
城镇职工医疗保险=122413.11
城乡居民基本医疗保险=21 36779.99
其它保险=3140.82
母亲年龄（岁）≤3576451.66
36~5042646.04
>50492.3
母亲户口状况农业户口=01 22782.96
非农业户口=125217.04
母亲受教育程度小学及以下=050033.81
初中=164543.61
高中及以上=233422.58
母亲医保参保情况无保险=0885.95
城镇职工医疗保险=11157.78
城乡居民基本医疗保险=21 26785.67
其它保险=390.61
), ArticleFig(id=1324045032285675906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量描述性统计情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量分组及赋值频数占比
（%）
子代体重状况正常=082948.03
偏瘦=143425.14
超重肥胖=246326.83
父亲体重状况正常=01 23272.09
偏瘦=118010.53
超重肥胖=229717.38
母亲体重状况正常=01 10674.78
偏瘦=117111.56
超重肥胖=220213.66
子代性别女性=082647.86
男性=190052.14
子代年龄（岁）0~542224.45
6~1290352.32
13~1640123.23
父亲年龄（岁）≤3563937.39
36~5098957.87
>50814.74
父亲户口状况农业户口=01 43684.03
非农业户口=127315.97
父亲受教程程度小学及以下=055832.65
初中=171041.54
高中及以上=244125.80
父亲医保参保状况无保险=01046.09
城镇职工医疗保险=122413.11
城乡居民基本医疗保险=21 36779.99
其它保险=3140.82
母亲年龄（岁）≤3576451.66
36~5042646.04
>50492.3
母亲户口状况农业户口=01 22782.96
非农业户口=125217.04
母亲受教育程度小学及以下=050033.81
初中=164543.61
高中及以上=233422.58
母亲医保参保情况无保险=0885.95
城镇职工医疗保险=11157.78
城乡居民基本医疗保险=21 26785.67
其它保险=390.61
), ArticleFig(id=1324045032352784771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044762570957517, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mlogit regression results for the mother-child intergenerational transmission of weight in low-income Chinese families

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量子代体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦超重肥胖
CoefOR值（95%CI）CoefOR值（95%CI）
母亲体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦0.449b(0.195)1.567b(1.069~2.297)-0.543b(0.248)0.581b(0.357~0.946)
超重肥胖-0.341(0.226)0.711(0.456~1.108)0.441b(0.189)1.555b(1.073~2.254)
子代性别0.375c(0.133)1.456c(1.121~1.889)0.559c(0.137)1.749c(1.336~2.290)
子代年龄-0.033(0.020)0.968(0.930~1.007)-0.152c(0.020)0.859c(0.825~0.893)
母亲年龄0.003(0.013)1.003(0.977~1.030)-0.002(0.014)0.998(0.971~1.024)
母亲户口状况-0.343a(0.198)0.710a(0.482~1.046)0.331a(0.187)1.392a(0.964~2.009)
母亲受教育程度0.078(0.101)1.081(0.886~1.318)-0.309c(0.105)0.734c(0.597~0.902)
母亲医保参保情况-0.158(0.126)0.854(0.667~1.092)0.104(0.135)1.109(0.852~1.445)
地区效应控制控制
样本量1 479
R20.078 3
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我国低收入家庭“母-子”体重代际传递Mlogit回归结果

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变量子代体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦超重肥胖
CoefOR值（95%CI）CoefOR值（95%CI）
母亲体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦0.449b(0.195)1.567b(1.069~2.297)-0.543b(0.248)0.581b(0.357~0.946)
超重肥胖-0.341(0.226)0.711(0.456~1.108)0.441b(0.189)1.555b(1.073~2.254)
子代性别0.375c(0.133)1.456c(1.121~1.889)0.559c(0.137)1.749c(1.336~2.290)
子代年龄-0.033(0.020)0.968(0.930~1.007)-0.152c(0.020)0.859c(0.825~0.893)
母亲年龄0.003(0.013)1.003(0.977~1.030)-0.002(0.014)0.998(0.971~1.024)
母亲户口状况-0.343a(0.198)0.710a(0.482~1.046)0.331a(0.187)1.392a(0.964~2.009)
母亲受教育程度0.078(0.101)1.081(0.886~1.318)-0.309c(0.105)0.734c(0.597~0.902)
母亲医保参保情况-0.158(0.126)0.854(0.667~1.092)0.104(0.135)1.109(0.852~1.445)
地区效应控制控制
样本量1 479
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Mlogit regression results for the father-child intergenerational transmission of weight in low-income Chinese families

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变量子代体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦超重肥胖
CoefOR值（95%CI）CoefOR值（95%CI）
父亲体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦0.453b(0.193)1.572b(1.078~2.294)-0.091(0.214)0.913(0.600~1.391)
超重肥胖-0.346a(0.179)0.707a(0.498~1.005)-0.067(0.165)0.935(0.677~1.292)
子代性别0.392c(0.124)1.480c(1.161~1.886)0.529c(0.125)1.698c(1.329~2.170)
子代年龄-0.026(0.018)0.974(0.940~1.010)-0.141c(0.018)0.869c(0.838~0.900)
父亲年龄-0.011(0.012)0.989(0.967~1.011)-0.015(0.011)0.985(0.964~1.007)
父亲户口状况0.226(0.176)1.253(0.888~1.768)0.195(0.180)1.215(0.855~1.727)
父亲受教育程度-0.183b(0.089)0.833b(0.699~0.993)-0.372c(0.090)0.689c(0.578~0.822)
父亲医保参保情况0.057(0.114)1.058(0.847~1.323)0.184(0.119)1.202(0.953~1.517)
地区效应控制控制
样本量1 709
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我国低收入家庭“父-子”体重代际传递Mlogit回归结果

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偏瘦超重肥胖
CoefOR值（95%CI）CoefOR值（95%CI）
父亲体重状况（正常=0）
偏瘦0.453b(0.193)1.572b(1.078~2.294)-0.091(0.214)0.913(0.600~1.391)
超重肥胖-0.346a(0.179)0.707a(0.498~1.005)-0.067(0.165)0.935(0.677~1.292)
子代性别0.392c(0.124)1.480c(1.161~1.886)0.529c(0.125)1.698c(1.329~2.170)
子代年龄-0.026(0.018)0.974(0.940~1.010)-0.141c(0.018)0.869c(0.838~0.900)
父亲年龄-0.011(0.012)0.989(0.967~1.011)-0.015(0.011)0.985(0.964~1.007)
父亲户口状况0.226(0.176)1.253(0.888~1.768)0.195(0.180)1.215(0.855~1.727)
父亲受教育程度-0.183b(0.089)0.833b(0.699~0.993)-0.372c(0.090)0.689c(0.578~0.822)
父亲医保参保情况0.057(0.114)1.058(0.847~1.323)0.184(0.119)1.202(0.953~1.517)
地区效应控制控制
样本量1 709
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我国低收入家庭成员体重代际传递的影响因素研究
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吴婉怡 , 凌叶青 , 李建国
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(10): 1755-1759
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (10) : 1755 -1759
我国低收入家庭成员体重代际传递的影响因素研究
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吴婉怡, 凌叶青, 李建国
作者信息
  • 广州中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院 广东 广州 510006
通讯作者:
李建国，E-mail：
作者简介:

吴婉怡（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：健康保险

Factors associated with intergenerational weight transmission in low-income Chinese families
Wan-yi WU, Ye-qing LING, Jian-guo LI
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510245
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摘要
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目的

探讨我国低收入家庭体重代际传递的影响因素，为阻断健康纵向不平等提供政策依据。

方法

基于最新中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2022年数据，进行MLOGIT模型分析。

结果

母亲体重状况对子代体重的影响显著：其偏瘦使子代偏瘦风险增加56.7%（OR=1.567，P<0.05），子代肥胖风险降低41.9%（OR=0.581，P<0.05）；其肥胖使子代肥胖风险增加55.5%（OR=1.555，P<0.05）。父亲体重状况对子代影响有限：其肥胖对子代肥胖无显著影响。男性子代、低龄更易超重或肥胖。父母受教育程度提高显著降低子代肥胖风险，农业户籍母亲可能同时关联着子代较低的偏瘦风险和更高的超重肥胖风险。

结论

低收入家庭中父代体重水平与子代体重水平具有较强的相关性，在低收入家庭中，母亲是子代健康更全面且更直接的影响者，父亲的影响则相对有限。子代特征与家庭经济因素也是影响子代健康的重要因素。因此，打破低收入家庭体重劣势的代际传递需采取差异化策略。

低收入家庭  /  体重代际传递  /  健康不平等  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the factors associated with intergenerational transmission of weight status in low-income families in China and to provide evidence for policies aimed at interrupting the vertical inequality in health.

Methods

Utilizing data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we employed Multinomial Logistic Regression Model(MLOGIT) models to analyze the associations.

Results

Maternal weight status showed significant effects on offspring weight. Compared to mothers with normal weight, underweight mothers were associated with a 56.7% higher risk of offspring being underweight (OR=1.567, P<0.05) and a 41.9% lower risk of offspring obesity (OR=0.581, P<0.05). Obese mothers were associated with a 55.5% increased risk of offspring obesity (OR=1.555, P<0.05). Paternal weight status had a limited influence on offspring weight outcomes, with no significant association observed between paternal obesity and offspring obesity. Male offspring and children of younger age exhibited a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese. Higher educational attainment of both parents was significantly associated with a reduced risk of offspring overweight or obesity. Furthermore, maternal rural residency was linked to a complex pattern, potentially associated with a decreased risk of offspring underweight yet an increased risk of obesity.

Conclusion

In low-income families, parental weight status is strongly correlated with offspring weight status. Mothers serve as more comprehensive and direct influencers on offspring health, whereas the influence of fathers is relatively limited. Offspring characteristics and household economic factors are also important determinants of offspring health. Therefore, breaking the intergenerational transmission of weight disadvantages in low-income families requires differentiated strategies.

Low-income families  /  Intergenerational weight transmission  /  Health inequality  /  Influencing factors
吴婉怡, 凌叶青, 李建国. 我国低收入家庭成员体重代际传递的影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1755 -1759 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510245
Wan-yi WU, Ye-qing LING, Jian-guo LI. Factors associated with intergenerational weight transmission in low-income Chinese families[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1755 -1759 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510245
正文
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健康代际传递（Intergenerational Health Transmission）指父母的健康状况、健康相关行为及资源通过遗传、环境与社会机制向子代传递并影响其健康的过程[1]。这一现象的存在不仅延续了既有的健康差距，更可能固化社会健康纵向不平等，成为实现“健康中国2030”人民健康水平持续提升以及控制主要健康危险因素目标必须面对的重要议题。在诸多健康维度中，体重状况作为一项可测量、易观察且与长期健康风险紧密相关的核心指标，其代际传递现象尤为显著，是剖析健康不平等代际延续机制的重要切入点。
大量的实证研究证实了体重在代际间的显著关联性，并普遍从以下三个维度进行阐释。一是遗传方面，父代通过基因直接传递特定的基础代谢特征与肥胖易感性，构成了体重代际传递的生物学基础。父母患代谢性疾病显著增加子代肥胖风险[2]，父亲肥胖与子代超重肥胖密切相关[3]。二是行为与文化模仿方面，家作为初级社会化场所，子代通过长期观察、模仿与内化，习得父代的饮食偏好、运动习惯以及关于食物与体型的观念，从而形成自身持续性的体重相关行为模式。父母不健康的饮食行为与静坐生活方式会显著增加子代出现超重或肥胖的风险[4]。三是社会经济资源传递方面，父代的收入与教育水平，直接影响家庭的食物购买能力、营养知识水平及居住环境，从而结构性地塑造了子代的营养摄入与能量消耗环境。父母更有利的社会经济地位与子代更健康的体重发展相关[5]，好的经济状况在一定程度上可以缓解遗传带来的健康劣势风险[6-7]。
尽管体重代际传递在一般人群中已得到较多验证，但针对低收入家庭的系统研究仍明显不足。第一，缺乏对低收入人群独特性的聚焦分析。 多数研究基于全样本或中高收入群体[5]，忽视了低收入家庭在面临刚性预算约束时，其营养资源获取受限可能被放大，经济压力甚至可能扭曲正常的家庭饮食行为与健康投入，从而产生独特的体重传递模式与更强的困境固化效应。第二，体重结局考察片面。 现有研究主要关注肥胖[2-4]，未能将偏瘦与超重肥胖置于同一分析框架下进行同步考察与比较。第三，父母影响的异质性辨析不足。父亲与母亲在子代喂养、饮食安排及健康观念塑造中常扮演不同角色，但现有研究对于父亲与母亲体重状况影响的相对重要性、作用路径差异缺乏比较与探讨，并主要关注母亲方面的影响[8]。
因此，本研究旨在以低收入家庭为对象，聚焦于体重状况，系统分析其代际传递的规律与父母影响的差异。本研究期望通过厘清低收入家庭中体重代际传递的特征与影响因素，为打破贫困与健康劣势的代际传递、推动儿童营养干预与健康扶贫政策更具精准性与针对性提供实证依据与政策参考。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　数据来源
本研究使用的是中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies，CFPS）2022年相关的资料数据进行分析。选用该数据基于以下三点核心考量：（1）CFPS样本覆盖全国25个省份具有全国代表性，适合低收入家庭群体的推断[9]。（2）通过精准的家庭成员关系编码，能有效匹配父母与子女，并同步提供详尽的体重指标与家庭经济信息，为识别健康的代际关联提供了条件。（3）该数据库包含了本研究所需的全部核心变量，且2022年数据能反映最新社会经济背景下的状况。
我国大部分省市将低收入家庭认定标准设在低于当地低保标准的1.5~2倍。本研究低收入家庭的界定参考2022年民政部公布的低保标准[10]，定义为低于各省市低保标准人均可支配年收入的2倍。人均可支配年收入通过数据库中家庭工资性收入、经营性收入、财产性收入以及转移性收入相加的结果再除以家庭人口规模得出。本文是为了探究低收入家庭体重代际传递的影响因素问题，年龄较大的子代会因各种原因离家受家庭影响较小，因此本研究选取16岁及以下的子代样本，并根据儿童库中父亲和母亲的个人编码与成人库中的个人编码匹配得到父亲和母亲的个人信息。剔除关键变量缺失的样本，得到1 479个低收入家庭“母-子”对样本、1 709个低收入家庭“父-子”对样本。
1.2　研究方法
采用Stata 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。被解释变量子代体重状况为三分类无序变量，所以采用MLOGIT回归模型分析低收入家庭的体重代际传递的影响因素。方法是将子代和父代BMIZ定义为三分类变量（正常=0、偏瘦=1、超重肥胖=2），以BMIZ分落在正常取值范围的作为参照类别。分别从母亲和父亲两个角度建立“偏瘦-正常”及“超重肥胖-正常”两个模型。通过R2反映模型的解释力。显著性水平α=0.05。
1.3　变量选取
父代、子代体重状况用BMIZ来反映[11]。相比于原始BMI值，BMIZ分是参照儿童年龄和性别的生长曲线计算而得，可对儿童的BMI进行标准化评分，反映了其在参考人群中的相对位置。子代BMIZ分使用世界卫生组织发布的学龄儿童和青少年生长参考标准对BMI进行Z分转换。根据世界卫生组织的分类标准，BMIZ分在-1.04~1.04之间定义为正常，小于-1.04为偏瘦，大于1.04为超重肥胖。父母BMIZ分转换的参考系为数据库中全体样本。父母BMIZ分的计算过程如下：
控制变量选取了包括个体层次、家庭层次以及省份层次的变量。其中，个体层次变量包括子代的性别、年龄、户口状况；家庭层面的变量主要包括父母的年龄、受教育程度、父母的户口状况、医保参保情况等。为了控制地区的影响，在模型中采用地区固定效应，控制子代健康水平的省份差异。表1为变量的描述性统计情况。
2　结果
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2.1　Mlogit回归
“母-子”体重代际传递回归结果（表2）显示，母亲对子代体重有显著影响，而且这种影响是全面的，同时作用于子代偏瘦和超重肥胖。与正常BMIZ相比，母亲超重肥胖的子代超重肥胖的风险更高（OR=1.555，95%CI：1.073~2.254），母亲偏瘦的子代偏瘦的风险更高（OR=1.567，95%CI：1.069~2.297），母亲超重肥胖的子代偏瘦的风险更低（OR=0.581，95%CI：0.357~0.946）。
具体而言，与正常体重的母亲相比，低收入家庭中偏瘦的母亲会使子代偏瘦的风险显著增加56.7%，同时母亲偏瘦显著降低了子代超重肥胖的风险，其几率下降了41.9%，母亲偏瘦的影响是保护性与风险性并存。这可能是由于偏瘦的母亲在遗传、饮食量控制等方面降低了子代肥胖风险，但也可能由于家庭经济约束导致营养摄入不足，增加了孩子偏瘦的风险。母亲超重肥胖，会使子代超重肥胖的风险显著增加55.5%，这一传递效应可能反映了低收入家庭中高脂高糖饮食偏好、久坐不动的生活习惯以及家庭内部形成的“致胖环境”等多重因素影响。
“父-子”体重代际传递回归结果（表3）显示，与正常BMIZ相比，父亲偏瘦的子代偏瘦风险更高（OR=1.572，95%CI：1.078~2.294），父亲超重肥胖的子代偏瘦的风险更低（OR=0.707，95%CI：0.498~1.005）。与母亲影响的全面性相比，父亲对子代的影响具有有限性。
具体而言，与体重正常的父亲相比，低收入家庭中父亲偏瘦会使子代偏瘦的几率增加57.2%。这与母亲偏瘦的影响方向一致，支持了遗传和家庭经济条件对子代体重下限的共同制约。值得注意的是，父亲超重肥胖并未显著增加子代肥胖的风险，但却显著降低了子代偏瘦的风险，其几率下降了29.3%。这意味着，父亲的影响更侧重于子代体重的下限而非上限。父亲的经济收入通常是家庭资源的关键决定因素。低收入家庭中父亲肥胖可能意味着收入相对较高，确保了基本的营养底线，从而起到防止偏瘦的缓冲作用。同时，父亲的饮食偏好与消费行为对家庭的饮食结构具有一定影响，父亲肥胖可能意味着倾向于高热量食物，无形中提高了家庭整体热量摄入水平，减少子代偏瘦的可能性，但并不必然导致子代肥胖，尤其当母亲或家庭其他成员承担主要饮食照料职责时。受我国传统思想影响，父亲的体型可能具有“经济实力”“强健”等象征意义，进而影响家庭对后代体重管理的认知与行为，可能形成对子代偏瘦的预防性关注。因此，父亲超重肥胖对降低子代偏瘦风险的影响，可能是经济保障、家庭饮食行为、文化观念等多种机制共同作用的结果。
2.2　稳健性检验
为了评估回归结果的稳健性在控制个体层面、家庭层面和地区层面变量的基础上，采用有序Logit回归进行稳健性检验。按“偏瘦-正常-超重肥胖”的顺序对子代健康状况进行有序排列（偏瘦=1，正常=2，超重肥胖=3）。该赋值体现了体重状态从一端向另一端的有序过渡。稳健性结果显示，母亲超重肥胖会显著增加子代体重向超重肥胖移动趋势（β=0.474，P<0.05），母亲偏瘦会增加子代向偏瘦移动的趋势（β=-0.688，P<0.05），父亲偏瘦会增加子代向偏瘦移动的趋势（β=-0.422，P<0.05），父亲超重肥胖对子代超重肥胖没有显著影响，与基准回归结果高度一致，表明研究结论具有较高的稳健性。
3　讨论
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本文通过分析发现，在低收入家庭中父代体重水平与子代体重水平具有较强的相关性，这与现有研究健康代际传递的结果相似[11-13]。与上述研究不同的是，本文聚焦于我国低收入家庭，揭示了低收入家庭中体重代际传递的父亲与母亲的差异化影响。在低收入家庭中，母亲是子代健康更全面且更直接的影响者，其健康状态会显著影响子代整体健康状况；父亲的影响则相对有限，主要通过经济资源供给、文化观念塑造以及家庭内部分工下的间接行为传递等复合路径发挥作用。
本文分别对父亲和母亲不同户口状况的研究发现，在我国低收入家庭中，户籍造成的健康不平等主要通过母亲路径传递，农业户籍母亲可能同时关联着子代较低的偏瘦风险和更高的超重肥胖风险。造成这一差异的原因可能是母亲户籍所隐含的城乡资源差异，如医疗可及性、营养知识与健康观念[14]等，直接主导子女日常养育，能显著影响孩子的健康状况。在共同富裕的背景下，农村居民的生活水平得以提高，对超重肥胖率也会产生一定影响[15]。而父亲户籍的影响则不显著，可能因其作用更多被经济、教育等宏观因素稀释，同时也与在传统的“男主外、女主内”家庭分工下，父亲对日常养育的直接参与度相对较低有关。这凸显了户籍差异通过母亲行为直接塑造子代健康的内在机制，要打破户籍带来的健康代际循环关键在于赋能母亲，弥补其因户籍所面临的资源与认知鸿沟。
通常而言，教育水平的高低与个人收入水平以及家庭社会经济地位相关。本文研究结果发现，在低收入家庭中，父母受教育程度的提高，尤其是父亲的教育水平，对子代健康具有显著且全面的保护作用。造成这一差异的原因可能是对于低收入家庭而言，在资源有限的环境下，父亲的经济贡献和决策权可能更为关键。父亲受教育程度的提高，往往意味着家庭获取稳定收入、做出更优资源决策能力的整体跃升，也可能伴随着更科学的健康观念、更积极的生活方式选择，并通过其权威地位影响家庭整体健康氛围。同时，教育水平的提高也关联着更合理的膳食模式[16]。这种由教育带来的结构性资源与认知提升的双重作用，在应对贫困风险时变得至关重要且全面，从而在特定维度上超越了以母亲为主的直接影响路径，凸显了父亲在弱势家庭中的结构性保障作用。
在子代性别方面，男孩健康受父代的影响程度更大。这可能不仅受中国传统观念影响，导致家庭对男孩寄予更多期望或进行导致过度喂养，增加肥胖风险；也可能反映了在父子互动中，父亲更倾向于在饮食或体育活动方面对儿子进行直接的行为塑造。同时，资源有限的家庭可能优先保证男孩的营养，但这种投资可能是不均衡的，反而导致饮食结构不合理。在子代年龄方面，幼儿期是超重肥胖风险的高发期和关键预防期。父母的肥胖风险在此阶段对孩子的塑造力最强。随着孩子长大，学校等外部环境起到重要的保护作用。
因此，在低收入家庭中，健康不平等的代际传递存在父亲和母亲差异化影响模式。要阻断低收入家庭的健康贫困恶性循环，政策应聚焦低收入家庭母亲的生命早期健康管理，提供从孕产期到婴幼儿期的全面营养与健康支持，以阻断劣势传递的主路径。同时，需着力提升父亲的人力资本与健康素养，发挥其教育在资源约束下的保护作用，并鼓励其通过积极的养育参与和行为示范，与母亲形成健康促进的合力。并在家庭形成良好的体重管理氛围，增加促进健康饮食和锻炼习惯的行为活动，减少诱发不健康行为的活动[17]。并特别关注男孩体重管理与幼儿期关键干预，最终通过卫生、教育、民政等多部门协同[18]，构建以社区为基础的家庭综合支持体系，从而更有效地促进健康公平，推动我国“健康中国2030”的实现。
基金
收起
  • 广东省中医药健康服务与产业发展研究中心项目(2025ZDA03)
  • 广州中医药历史文化研究基地2025年招标项目(Z202503)
  • 广州中医药大学“固本”工程一级学科能力提升项目社会医学与卫生事业管理高水平专业建设培育专项(GZY2025GB1202)
文献
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510245
  • 接收时间：2025-10-21
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-10-21
基金
广东省中医药健康服务与产业发展研究中心项目(2025ZDA03)
广州中医药历史文化研究基地2025年招标项目(Z202503)
广州中医药大学“固本”工程一级学科能力提升项目社会医学与卫生事业管理高水平专业建设培育专项(GZY2025GB1202)
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    广州中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院 广东 广州 510006

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李建国，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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