Article(id=1324044721705845586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512306, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765987200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606461215, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606461215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606461215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606461215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793606417910, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1523, endPage=1529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044725308752723, articleId=1324044721705845586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effectiveness of dance therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of dance therapy for patients with dementia, and to provide evidence-based guidance for developing clinical intervention protocols.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Embase for randomized controlled trials on dance therapy in patients with dementia. The search covered the period from database inception to April 30, 2025. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Meta-analysis revealed that dance therapy improved the Mini-Mental State Examination score (MD=1.05, P<0.001), Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MD=2.09, P<0.001), and Wechsler Logical Reasoning Test scores (MD=2.54, P<0.001). It also reduced Geriatric Depression Scale scores (SMD=-0.49, P<0.001) and activities of daily living scores (SMD=-0.59, P=0.04).

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that dance therapy may improve cognitive function, reduce depression, and enhance activities of daily living in patients with dementia. Given the quality and quantity of the studies, further high-quality research is needed to substantiate these findings.

, authors=-Shuai ZHANG1, Zhao-hao HE2, Hong-chuang JI2, Jia-qi LI2, Ting TANG2, Liu-rong CHENG2, authorsList=-Shuai ZHANG, Zhao-hao HE, Hong-chuang JI, Jia-qi LI, Ting TANG, Liu-rong CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liu-rong CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044728949408606, articleId=1324044721705845586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用效果的系统评价与Meta分析, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究系统评价舞蹈疗法对老年痴呆患者的干预效果,旨在为制定临床干预方案提供循证依据。

方法

全面检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Embase等中英文数据库中关于舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2025年4月30日,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。

结果

共纳入18篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,舞蹈疗法可提高老年痴呆患者简易精神状态检查量表评分(MD=1.05,P<0.001),蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分(MD=2.09,P<0.001),韦氏逻辑记忆测试评分(MD=2.54,P<0.001),降低老年抑郁量表得分(SMD=-0.49,P<0.001)及自理生活能力得分(SMD=-0.59,P=0.04)。

结论

当前证据表明,舞蹈疗法有利于改善老年痴呆患者的认知功能,减少抑郁,改善自理生活能力,考虑研究的质量及数量,研究结论仍需更多高质量研究进一步佐证。

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张帅(1981—),女,硕士,副主任护师,研究方向:护理管理,老年护理

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程柳榕,E-mail:
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International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2021, 122: 104025., articleTitle=The effect of dance interventions on cognition, neuroplasticity, physical function, depression, and quality of Life for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044748004131775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=75, issue=3, pageStart=560, pageEnd=570, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Ho RTH, Fong TCT, Chan WC, journalName=The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ho RTH, Fong TCT, Chan WC, et al. Psychophysiological effects of dance movement therapy and physical exercise on older adults with mild dementia: a randomized controlled trial[J]. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2020, 75(3): 560-570., articleTitle=Psychophysiological effects of dance movement therapy and physical exercise on older adults with mild dementia: a randomized controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044748083823552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Tao D, Awan-Scully R, Ash GI, journalName=Ageing Research Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tao D, Awan-Scully R, Ash GI, et al. The effectiveness of dance movement interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis[J]. Ageing Research Reviews, 2023, 92: 102120., articleTitle=The effectiveness of dance movement interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044748180292545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=10, pageStart=919, pageEnd=933, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Ruiz-Muelle A, López-Rodríguez MM, journalName=Current Alzheimer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ruiz-Muelle A, López-Rodríguez MM. Dance for People with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review[J]. Current Alzheimer Research, 2019, 16(10): 919-933., articleTitle=Dance for People with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324044748276761538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=15, issue=12, pageStart=1136, pageEnd=1141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Dominguez JC, Del MM, Chio J, journalName=Current Alzheimer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dominguez JC, Del MM, Chio J, et al. Improving cognition through dance in older filipinos with mild cognitive impairment[J]. 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articleId=1324044721705845586, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics

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纳入研究国家样本量(E/C)年龄(岁)(E/C)
Chang 2021[9]中国109(62/47)76.56±3.60/75.94±3.61
Wang 2024[10]中国60(30/30)未明确具体均值
Zhao 2021[11]中国63(31/32)73.35±5.10/71.25±6.73
Marcelina 2024[12]西班牙92(47/45)71.43±2.97/72.24±2.92
Sawsen 2023[13]法国23(11/12)79.80±7.70/77.20±5.30
Wang 2020[14]中国66(33/33)81.06±5.17/81.09±7.44
Wu 2025[15]中国32(16/16)70.56±6.21/69.13±8.09
Zhu 2018[16]中国60(29/31)70.30±6.70/69.00±7.30
Lazarou 2017[17]希腊129(66/63)65.89±10.70/67.92±9.40
Bracco 2023[7]法国31(15/16)81.00±8.00/85.00±5.00
吴含2019[18]中国54(27/27)70.30±6.70/69.00±7.30
张玲2020[19]中国32(16/16)70.60±6.20/69.10±8.10
Hokkanen 2008[20]芬兰29(19/10)79.90±7.70/84.50±3.40
Marta 2020[21]西班牙31(17/14)72.88±5.60/77.29±5.16
费晓艳2020[22]中国82(41/41)未明确具体均值
蒋林珍2023[6]中国60(30/30)75.72±1.52/74.83±1.53
QI 2019[23]中国32(16/16)70.60±6.20/69.10±8.10
Song 2023[24]美国89(45/44)76.71±5.96/75.20±6.63
纳入研究干预措施频率结局指标质量等级
EC
Chang 2021[9]18周广场舞18周维持日常作息每周3次,每次30分钟②⑤⑥⑦B
Wang 2024[10]12周广场舞12周维持原有生活习惯每周4次,每次40分钟②B
Zhao 2021[11]3个月广场舞3个月健康教育每周3次,每次60分钟②⑤B
Marcelina 2024[12]12周有氧舞蹈12周维持日常活动每周2次,每次60分钟⑤⑥⑨B
Sawsen 2023[13]16周有氧舞蹈16周有氧锻炼每周1次,每次60分钟①④⑤⑧B
Wang 2020[14]12周佳木斯快乐健身舞12周维持日常作息每周3次,每次40分钟①②⑤⑥⑦B
Wu 2025[15]3个月中等强度有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑤⑥A
Zhu 2018[16]3个月有氧舞蹈3个月仅常规护理每周3次,每次35分钟②④⑤⑥⑪A
Lazarou 2017[17]10个月国际标准舞10个月维持原有生活习惯每周2次,每次60分钟①②B
Bracco 2023[7]3个月探戈舞蹈3个月常规体育锻炼每周2次,每次60分钟⑫⑧B
吴含2019[18]3个月自主编制的有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑦B
张玲2020[19]3个月自主编制的有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③B
Hokkanen 2008[20]9周舞蹈与运动疗法9周常规养老院活动每周1次,每次30~45分钟⑪B
Marta 2020[21]12周不同风格舞蹈编排练习12周多模式物理治疗每周2次,每次60分钟①③⑥⑦⑧A
费晓艳2020[22]6个月体育舞蹈6个月健康教育每周3次,每次1小时①⑦B
蒋林珍2023[6]12个月舞蹈运动疗法12个月常规运动训练每周3次,每次1小时⑩B
QI 2019[23]3个月有氧舞蹈3个月常规护理每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑦B
Song 2023[24]16周有氧舞蹈计划16周健康教育每周3次,每次60分钟②⑨B
), ArticleFig(id=1324044739112207256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究国家样本量(E/C)年龄(岁)(E/C)
Chang 2021[9]中国109(62/47)76.56±3.60/75.94±3.61
Wang 2024[10]中国60(30/30)未明确具体均值
Zhao 2021[11]中国63(31/32)73.35±5.10/71.25±6.73
Marcelina 2024[12]西班牙92(47/45)71.43±2.97/72.24±2.92
Sawsen 2023[13]法国23(11/12)79.80±7.70/77.20±5.30
Wang 2020[14]中国66(33/33)81.06±5.17/81.09±7.44
Wu 2025[15]中国32(16/16)70.56±6.21/69.13±8.09
Zhu 2018[16]中国60(29/31)70.30±6.70/69.00±7.30
Lazarou 2017[17]希腊129(66/63)65.89±10.70/67.92±9.40
Bracco 2023[7]法国31(15/16)81.00±8.00/85.00±5.00
吴含2019[18]中国54(27/27)70.30±6.70/69.00±7.30
张玲2020[19]中国32(16/16)70.60±6.20/69.10±8.10
Hokkanen 2008[20]芬兰29(19/10)79.90±7.70/84.50±3.40
Marta 2020[21]西班牙31(17/14)72.88±5.60/77.29±5.16
费晓艳2020[22]中国82(41/41)未明确具体均值
蒋林珍2023[6]中国60(30/30)75.72±1.52/74.83±1.53
QI 2019[23]中国32(16/16)70.60±6.20/69.10±8.10
Song 2023[24]美国89(45/44)76.71±5.96/75.20±6.63
纳入研究干预措施频率结局指标质量等级
EC
Chang 2021[9]18周广场舞18周维持日常作息每周3次,每次30分钟②⑤⑥⑦B
Wang 2024[10]12周广场舞12周维持原有生活习惯每周4次,每次40分钟②B
Zhao 2021[11]3个月广场舞3个月健康教育每周3次,每次60分钟②⑤B
Marcelina 2024[12]12周有氧舞蹈12周维持日常活动每周2次,每次60分钟⑤⑥⑨B
Sawsen 2023[13]16周有氧舞蹈16周有氧锻炼每周1次,每次60分钟①④⑤⑧B
Wang 2020[14]12周佳木斯快乐健身舞12周维持日常作息每周3次,每次40分钟①②⑤⑥⑦B
Wu 2025[15]3个月中等强度有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑤⑥A
Zhu 2018[16]3个月有氧舞蹈3个月仅常规护理每周3次,每次35分钟②④⑤⑥⑪A
Lazarou 2017[17]10个月国际标准舞10个月维持原有生活习惯每周2次,每次60分钟①②B
Bracco 2023[7]3个月探戈舞蹈3个月常规体育锻炼每周2次,每次60分钟⑫⑧B
吴含2019[18]3个月自主编制的有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑦B
张玲2020[19]3个月自主编制的有氧舞蹈3个月健康教育每周3次,每次35分钟①②③B
Hokkanen 2008[20]9周舞蹈与运动疗法9周常规养老院活动每周1次,每次30~45分钟⑪B
Marta 2020[21]12周不同风格舞蹈编排练习12周多模式物理治疗每周2次,每次60分钟①③⑥⑦⑧A
费晓艳2020[22]6个月体育舞蹈6个月健康教育每周3次,每次1小时①⑦B
蒋林珍2023[6]12个月舞蹈运动疗法12个月常规运动训练每周3次,每次1小时⑩B
QI 2019[23]3个月有氧舞蹈3个月常规护理每周3次,每次35分钟①②③⑦B
Song 2023[24]16周有氧舞蹈计划16周健康教育每周3次,每次60分钟②⑨B
), ArticleFig(id=1324044739191899033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the impact of dance therapy on MoCA scores

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亚组研究数目异质性检验Meta分析结果MD(95%CI)
I2(%)P值
中国1088<0.0011.75(0.76~2.75)
非中国2960.083.92(-0.44~8.28)
干预时长
≤3个月888<0.0011.68(0.50~2.87)
>3个月4940.0042.90(0.95~4.85)
单次时长
≤35分钟70<0.0010.83(0.39~1.27)
>35分钟593<0.0013.76(2.54~4.98)
发表年份
≤2020年7890.0051.99(0.60~3.38)
>2020年5920.0042.22(0.71~3.73)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044739292562330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044721705845586, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

舞蹈疗法对MoCA评分影响的亚组分析

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亚组研究数目异质性检验Meta分析结果MD(95%CI)
I2(%)P值
中国1088<0.0011.75(0.76~2.75)
非中国2960.083.92(-0.44~8.28)
干预时长
≤3个月888<0.0011.68(0.50~2.87)
>3个月4940.0042.90(0.95~4.85)
单次时长
≤35分钟70<0.0010.83(0.39~1.27)
>35分钟593<0.0013.76(2.54~4.98)
发表年份
≤2020年7890.0051.99(0.60~3.38)
>2020年5920.0042.22(0.71~3.73)
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舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用效果的系统评价与Meta分析
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张帅 1 , 何昭好 2 , 季洪闯 2 , 李嘉琪 2 , 汤婷 2 , 程柳榕 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2026,53(8): 1523-1529
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2026 , 53 (8) : 1523 -1529
舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用效果的系统评价与Meta分析
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张帅1, 何昭好2, 季洪闯2, 李嘉琪2, 汤婷2, 程柳榕2
作者信息
  • 1.海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院)护理部,海南 海口 570100
  • 2.海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院)手术室
通讯作者:
程柳榕,E-mail:
作者简介:

张帅(1981—),女,硕士,副主任护师,研究方向:护理管理,老年护理

Effectiveness of dance therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
-Shuai ZHANG1, Zhao-hao HE2, Hong-chuang JI2, Jia-qi LI2, Ting TANG2, Liu-rong CHENG2
Affiliations
  • Department of Nursing, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512306
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目的

本研究系统评价舞蹈疗法对老年痴呆患者的干预效果,旨在为制定临床干预方案提供循证依据。

方法

全面检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Embase等中英文数据库中关于舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2025年4月30日,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。

结果

共纳入18篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,舞蹈疗法可提高老年痴呆患者简易精神状态检查量表评分(MD=1.05,P<0.001),蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分(MD=2.09,P<0.001),韦氏逻辑记忆测试评分(MD=2.54,P<0.001),降低老年抑郁量表得分(SMD=-0.49,P<0.001)及自理生活能力得分(SMD=-0.59,P=0.04)。

结论

当前证据表明,舞蹈疗法有利于改善老年痴呆患者的认知功能,减少抑郁,改善自理生活能力,考虑研究的质量及数量,研究结论仍需更多高质量研究进一步佐证。

舞蹈疗法  /  老年  /  痴呆  /  系统评价  /  循证护理学
Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of dance therapy for patients with dementia, and to provide evidence-based guidance for developing clinical intervention protocols.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Embase for randomized controlled trials on dance therapy in patients with dementia. The search covered the period from database inception to April 30, 2025. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Meta-analysis revealed that dance therapy improved the Mini-Mental State Examination score (MD=1.05, P<0.001), Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MD=2.09, P<0.001), and Wechsler Logical Reasoning Test scores (MD=2.54, P<0.001). It also reduced Geriatric Depression Scale scores (SMD=-0.49, P<0.001) and activities of daily living scores (SMD=-0.59, P=0.04).

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that dance therapy may improve cognitive function, reduce depression, and enhance activities of daily living in patients with dementia. Given the quality and quantity of the studies, further high-quality research is needed to substantiate these findings.

Dance therapy  /  Geriatrics  /  Alzheimer's disease  /  Systematic review  /  Evidence-based nursing
张帅, 何昭好, 季洪闯, 李嘉琪, 汤婷, 程柳榕. 舞蹈疗法在老年痴呆患者中应用效果的系统评价与Meta分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1523 -1529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512306
-Shuai ZHANG, Zhao-hao HE, Hong-chuang JI, Jia-qi LI, Ting TANG, Liu-rong CHENG. Effectiveness of dance therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1523 -1529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512306
随着全球人口老龄化加剧,痴呆已成为严重的公共卫生挑战,根据世界卫生组织(World Health organization,WHO)2023年报告显示,全球痴呆患者数量已突破5 500万例,且这一数字预计在2050年增至1.39亿,中国作为全球痴呆负担最重的国家之一,其65岁及以上老年人群体的患病率已达9.1%,且呈现随年龄增长而指数上升的态势[1]。痴呆症的防治已成为我国应对老龄化进程中亟待解决的重大健康难题。该病以大脑神经元退行性病变,β淀粉样沉积及Tau蛋白异常磷酸化为核心病理特征,具有显著的不可逆性[2],目前临床尚无根治手段。患者常表现为进行性认知功能下降及精神行为症状,严重影响生活质量并加重家庭负担[3]。
痴呆治疗方法主要包括药物治疗和非药物治疗。前者虽能延缓认知功能减退,但疗效有限且副作用显著[4]。促使非药物干预的临床价值日益凸显[5]。舞蹈疗法作为一种整合音乐、身体动作与情感表达的综合干预方式,在促进神经可塑性、增强运动协调性及改善社会互动等方面展现出独特优势。虽已有实证研究显示其在改善患者认知、负性情绪及身体机能方面具有潜力[6-7],但受限于样本量不足、方案及评价指标异质性高等挑战,研究结论仍存争议,且缺乏权威的定量评价。鉴于此,本研究拟采用Meta分析方法,系统整合国内外关于舞蹈疗法干预痴呆患者的原始研究,旨在多维度评价其在改善认知功能、精神行为症状及躯体功能方面的效应量,为临床护理决策及社区健康管理实践提供理论指导。
本研究遵循PRISMA声明规范,已在PROSPERO平台注册(No. CRD420251035442)。
计算机全面检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等中英文数据库,检索时限为建库至2025年4月30日。检索策略为主题词与自由词结合的方式,PubMed检索式见图1。中文数据库检索主题涵盖“痴呆、认知障碍、阿尔茨海默、AD” AND “舞蹈、广场舞、探戈、有氧舞”等。
纳入标准:①研究类型:舞蹈疗法对老年痴呆患者影响的随机对照试验;②研究对象:年龄≥60岁;符合《精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版》[8]或《国际疾病分类第10版》或其他公认的痴呆诊断标准;③干预措施:试验组采用舞蹈疗法;对照组采用常规护理或空白对照(不做任何干预)等非舞蹈疗法;④结局指标:包含认知功能、肢体功能、神经精神症状或生活质量中至少一项。
排除标准:①干预措施模糊或联合其他干预,无法分离舞蹈疗法效应;②非中文或英文文献;③联系作者后仍无法获取完整数据;④会议论文、摘要、综述等;⑤文献质量为C级。
由2名研究者独立根据纳入及排除标准筛选文献。经NoteExpress查重及人工核实后,通过题目与摘要初筛,全文阅读精筛,排除无法获得全文或数据不可用者。分歧由第三方仲裁解决。提取数据包括:基本资料(作者、年份、国家)、样本特征(样本量、年龄)、干预详情(方案、频率、时长)及结局指标效应量。
根据Cochrane协作网提供的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评价。评价内容包括:选择偏倚、执行偏倚、检测偏倚、失访偏倚、报告偏倚以及其他偏倚6个维度,每个维度对应“低风险/高风险/不清楚”三级判断标准。2名研究者独立评估并交叉核对,分歧经讨论或第三方仲裁决定。文献质量分为三级:A级(各条目均完全符合标准,偏倚风险极低);B级(部分条目不符合标准,存在中度偏倚风险);C级(多个条目不符合标准或存在高风险项,偏倚风险较高,原则上予以剔除或仅做描述性分析)。
统计学分析采用Review Manager 5.3软件。效应量采用均数差(mean difference,MD)或采用标准化均数差(standard mean difference,SMD)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)表示。采用Q检验与I2统计量联合评价研究间异质性,若异质性过大且无法解释,则行描述性分析。以检验水准α=0.05为差异有统计学意义。根据Cochrane协作网建议,对纳入文献量≥10篇的指标,采用漏斗图及Egger检验评价发表偏倚。
初检获中英文文献2 214篇,经全文研读与质量评价,最终纳入18篇(英文14篇,中文4篇),筛选流程见图2。两名研究者筛选一致性良好,Kappa值为0.74,结果可靠。
本研究纳入18项随机对照试验,共1 074例患者(试验组551例,对照组523例)。干预方式涵盖广场舞、佳木斯健身舞、国标舞、探戈及多种自编有氧舞蹈。方法学质量方面:纳入研究均提及随机化,其中13项研究明确了具体随机方法(计算机随机、数字表等);9项提及分配隐藏;11项实施单盲。文献质量评价显示,A级3篇,B级15篇(详见表1)。
该量表包括30个评估条目,覆盖定向力、记忆力、计算力、语言能力等关键认知领域,评分越低提示认知功能障碍越严重。9项研究采用MMSE量表评估干预前后认知功能变化并合并MD效应量,研究间异质性较大(I2=92%),经分析,费晓艳等[22]研究为异质性的主要来源(未明确报告患者分布),剔除后异质性降低(I2=30%,P<0.01),采用随机效应模型进行分析,结果显示实验组MMSE评分显著高于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(MD=1.05,95%CI:0.56~1.53,Z=4.25,P<0.001),见图3。
MoCA为高敏感性认知筛查工具,涵盖执行功能、注意力、语言等8大维度11项测试,满分为30分,得分越低提示认知功能损伤越严重。12项研究评价了舞蹈疗法对MoCA评分的影响,研究间存在高度异质性(I2=90%),采用随机效应模型合并效应量。结果显示,试验组MoCA评分显著高于对照组(MD=2.09,95%CI:1.12~3.06,Z=4.23,P<0.001),见图4。亚组分析显示:干预时长>3个月的效果优于短期干预;且单次时长>35分钟可显著提升认知改善幅度。不同研究国家与发表年份亦是潜在的异质性来源,见表2。
韦氏逻辑记忆测试用于评估个体逻辑思维、问题解决等认知维度,得分越低反映逻辑推理功能越薄弱。5项研究[18-19,21,23]评价了舞蹈疗法对患者逻辑推理能力功能的影响,Meta分析结果显示,研究间异质性极低(I2=0%),遂采用固定效应模型进行效应量合并。结果显示,试验组韦氏逻辑推理测试评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(MD=2.54,95%CI:1.52~3.57,Z=4.86,P<0.001),提示干预措施能有效改善老年痴呆患者的逻辑思维和问题解决能力。
7项研究[9,11-16]使用老年抑郁量表对受试者干预前后抑郁的变化进行评分,4项研究[9,12,15-16]使用GDS总分进行结果分析,2项研究[13-14]使用GDS-15量表,1项研究[11]使用GDS-30量表,因测量单位不同使用SMD合并效应量。异质性检验结果显示纳入研究存在中度异质性(I2=51%),采用随机效应模型进行分析。结果表明,试验组的GDS评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(SMD=-0.49,95%CI:-0.77~-0.21,Z=3.38,P<0.001)。
2项研究[16,20]使用洛顿日常生活活动能力量表评估受试者自理能力,1项研究[7]使用卡茨日常生活活动能力指数评估受试者6项基本自理能力;1项研究[13]使用日常自理能力评估工具评估受试者自理能力,因测量单位不同使用SMD合并效应量。异质性检验提示纳入研究存在中度异质性(I2=56%),故采用随机效应模型进行分析。结果显示,试验组的自理生活能力评分低于对照组,差异比较具有显著意义(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-1.15~-0.03,Z=2.07,P=0.04)。
3项研究[7,13,21]报道了TUG结果。Meta分析显示研究间无异质性(I2=0%),采用固定效应模型合并。结果显示,试验组TUG耗时虽少于对照组,但组间差异无统计学意义(MD=-0.89,95% CI:-2.00~0.22,P=0.12)。
BBS测试受试者平衡能力,动作贴近日常,可直接反映生活活动能力。涵盖受试者静态平衡、动态平衡、功能性平衡能力,分数越高代表平衡能力越好。6项研究[9,14,18,21-23]报告BBS的评分结果,选用MD合并效应量,异质性研究结果显示各研究存在异质性(I2=99%),通过敏感性分析删除费晓艳等[22]的研究,结果显示异质性较低(I2=0%),可能与该研究未明确报告患者年龄分布有关,故采用固定效应模型进行分析,结果显示,差异比较显著统计学意义,(MD=0.87,95%CI:0.37-1.37,Z=3.39,P<0.001)。
7项研究[6,9,12,14-16,21]采用SF-36健康调查简表、SF-12简明健康调查量表或阿尔茨海默病生活质量量表评估生活质量。因测量工具不同,采用SMD及随机效应模型合并(I2=78%)。结果显示,试验组生活质量得分虽有提升趋势,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(SMD=0.24,95%CI:-0.29~0.77,Z=1.13,P=0.37)。
敏感性分析显示结果稳健。因多数指标纳入文献不足10篇,仅对MMSE行发表偏倚分析(图5)。结果显示漏斗图基本对称,Egger检验无显著统计学意义(P>0.05),提示研究结果可靠。
本研究通过对全球6国18项随机对照试验的系统评价发现,舞蹈疗法作为一种非药物干预手段,在改善老年痴呆患者认知功能、抑郁状态及日常生活自理能力方面具有显著优势。尽管在平衡能力与生活质量的改善上尚未达成一致结论,但整体研究结果为临床应用舞蹈疗法提供了有力的证据支持。
本研究证实,舞蹈疗法能显著提升患者全局认知及逻辑记忆能力。作为中等强度的有氧运动,舞蹈通过诱导FGF21有效穿透血脑屏障,通过抑制氧化应激改善脑内微环境,为运动干预提供分子依据[25-26]。相比机械的步行训练,舞蹈要求受试者在保持躯体平衡的同时,进行节奏感知、空间定位及动作序列记忆。这种高度复杂的加工过程广泛激活了前额叶及边缘系统,有助于增强神经突触的可塑性[7]。亚组分析显示,长期(3个月)及单次长时>35分钟干预获益更佳。这表明认知功能的延缓需要足够的累积剂量以触发生物学适应。值得注意的是,短时干预(≤35分钟)异质性极低,提示该剂量效果具有高预测性;而长时干预的异质性可能源于随着时长增加,不同研究间舞蹈动作的复杂度与心理负荷产生了显著差异。
在心理调节方面,舞蹈能显著地改善抑郁状态。其机制在于音乐与运动协同促进多巴胺和内啡肽释放,有效缓解情感淡漠[27];生理上则通过降低炎性因子水平缓解情绪障碍[28]。此外,舞蹈天然的社交属性有助于减轻社交孤立,通过情感同步重建患者自我效能感[29]。这种生理机制与心理反馈的协同作用,共同构筑了抗抑郁的坚实防线。
研究结果显示,舞蹈显著提升了患者的自理生活能力,但在平衡能力上的改善不具统计学意义,这一非同步现象值得深思。舞蹈涉及大量的重心偏移、多向步态及上肢协调,这些训练与日常活动所需的柔韧性和本体感觉高度契合[30]。相比于自理能力的灵活性提升,平衡能力的改善可能需要更长的剂量积累。对比本研究与Dominguez等人[31]的研究可以发现,干预时长不足可能是导致平衡能力未见显著差异的主因。此外,痴呆患者的小脑功能受损程度不一,由于本研究纳入文献在病程分期上存在差异,高度的异质性可能掩盖了部分康复效果。
生活质量的改善趋于正向但未达到显著水平。分析认为,这反映了痴呆患者生活质量评估的复杂性。首先,评估工具(如SF-36)多依赖于患者或家属的主观陈述,易受评估时点情绪及家属照护压力的影响。其次,功能恢复与质量提升之间存在滞后效应,自理能力的改善在短期内可能尚未转化为患者对整体生命尊严感的主观提升。未来的研究应考虑开发更具特异性的量表,并延长随访时间,以捕捉舞蹈疗法在社会参与度层面的深远影响。
舞蹈疗法作为一种安全、低成本且接受度高的非药物干预手段,在改善老年痴呆患者认知功能、情绪状态及自理生活能力方面具有显著价值。临床应用中应综合评估患者的认知水平与偏好,制定结构化的个性化方案,并通过多学科协作提升干预效果。尽管受原始研究异质性及病情分期不一的影响,本研究尚未明确最优剂量,但Meta分析结果提示长周期、高频率的干预具有更佳的获益潜力。未来需开展大样本、高质量的随机对照试验,进一步优化干预路径,为精准化治疗提供高质量证据。
  • 2025年度海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究项目(Hnjg2025-101; Hnjg2025ZC-58)
  • 2025年海南省卫生健康科技创新联合项目(WSJK2025QN019)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512306
  • 接收时间:2025-12-18
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18
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2025年度海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究项目(Hnjg2025-101; Hnjg2025ZC-58)
2025年海南省卫生健康科技创新联合项目(WSJK2025QN019)
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    1.海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院)护理部,海南 海口 570100
    2.海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院)手术室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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