Article(id=1324044717683515861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758470400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606460256, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606460256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606460256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606460256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1742, endPage=1747, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044719713558998, articleId=1324044717683515861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating role of sleep quality between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Methods

Based on the baseline data from the West China Pneumoconiosis Prospective Specialized Disease Cohort, latent class analysis was employed to categorize nine common multimorbidities among pneumoconiosis patients. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between the number of multimorbidities, multimorbidity patterns, and depressive symptoms. The Bootstrap method was employed to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality.

Results

40.97% patients with pneumoconiosis exhibited depressive symptoms. Latent class analysis identified four multimorbidity patterns: relatively healthy, cardiovascular-metabolic, respiratory system, and multimorbidity. Logistic regression showed that the number of multimorbidities (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.23-1.46), the cardiovascular-metabolic pattern (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.02-3.25), and the multimorbidity pattern (OR=3.16, 95%CI: 1.97-5.06) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between the number of multimorbidities and depressive symptoms (β=0.53, 95%CI: 0.41-0.66), with a mediation effect proportion of 61.63%. Regarding the multimorbidity pattern, sleep quality fully mediated the relationship with depressive symptoms, with a mediation effect value of 2.11(95%CI:1.46-2.78) and an effect proportion of 69.41%.

Conclusion

The number of multimorbidities, cardiovascular-metabolic pattern, and multimorbidity pattern are associated with a higher risk of depression in pneumoconiosis patients. Sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between the number of multimorbidities and depressive symptoms, while it fully mediates the relationship between the multimorbidity pattern and depressive symptoms.

, authors=Ying-ying FENG, Xue-mei TAN, Wen DU, Qiu-rong HE, Ding-zi ZHOU, Li-jun PENG, Yu-qin YAO, Ya-jia LAN, Qin ZHANG, authorsList=Ying-ying FENG, Xue-mei TAN, Wen DU, Qiu-rong HE, Ding-zi ZHOU, Li-jun PENG, Yu-qin YAO, Ya-jia LAN, Qin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044720753746393, articleId=1324044717683515861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用。

方法

基于华西尘肺病前瞻性专病队列基线数据,运用潜在类别分析对尘肺病9种常见共病进行分组,采用logistic回归模型分析共病数量、共病模式与抑郁症状的关联,并通过Bootstrap法检验睡眠质量的中介效应。

结果

40.97%尘肺病患者存在抑郁症状。潜在类别分析识别出四类共病模式:相对健康类、心脑血管-代谢类、呼吸系统类和多病共存类。Logistic回归显示,共病数量(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.23~1.46)、心脑血管-代谢类(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.02~3.25)及多病共存类(OR=3.16,95%CI:1.97~5.06)与抑郁症状呈正向关联。中介分析表明,睡眠质量在共病数量与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用(β=0.53,95%CI:0.41~0.66),中介效应占比为61.63%;在多病共存类与抑郁症状之间起完全中介作用,中介效应值为2.11(95%CI:1.46~2.78),效应占比69.41%。

结论

尘肺病患者的共病数量、心脑血管-代谢类及多病共存类共病模式与较高抑郁风险相关。睡眠质量在共病数量与抑郁症状间发挥部分中介作用,在多病共存类与抑郁症状间则起完全中介作用。

, authors=冯莹莹, 谭雪梅, 杜文, 何秋蓉, 周丁子, 彭莉君, 姚于勤, 兰亚佳, 张勤, authorsList=冯莹莹, 谭雪梅, 杜文, 何秋蓉, 周丁子, 彭莉君, 姚于勤, 兰亚佳, 张勤, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张勤, authorNote=

冯莹莹(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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张勤,E-mail:
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Front Public Health, 2025, 13: 1514524., articleTitle=Correlation between sleep and multimorbidity in community-dwelling older adults in Hunan Province:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324045054939111920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, awardId=U22A20359; 82373548, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20359; 82373548), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045055031386609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, awardId=Q21071, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q21071), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324045046760219051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045046772801964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, companyId=1324045046760219051, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China Occupational Pneumoconiosis Cohort Study workgroup, West China School of Public and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045046781190573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, companyId=1324045046760219051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324045053999587814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Conditional probability plot for multimorbidity patterns, figureFileSmall=uZSxUA4h/8P3Lh7kRa3RIA==, figureFileBig=Q63Ld9fei9NVpYMrSjnwcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045054096056807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=CN, label=图1, caption=共病模式的条件概率图, figureFileSmall=uZSxUA4h/8P3Lh7kRa3RIA==, figureFileBig=Q63Ld9fei9NVpYMrSjnwcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045054217691624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量无抑郁症状
(n=1 307)
有抑郁症状
(n=907)
χ2值P值
年龄(岁)<4058(4.44)21(2.32)10.560.014
40~50211(16.14)161(17.75)
50~60701(53.63)461(50.83)
>60337(25.78)264(29.11)
性别女17(1.30)15(1.65)0.470.494
男1 290(98.70)892(98.35)
民族汉族1 223(93.57)852(93.94)0.120.729
少数民族84(6.43)55(6.06)
文化程度小学及以下691(52.87)569(62.73)23.96<0.001
初中502(38.41)290(31.97)
高中及以上114(8.72)48(5.29)
婚姻状况已婚1 231(94.19)835(92.06)3.870.144
未婚20(1.53)19(2.09)
其他56(4.28)53(5.84)
家庭年收入(万元)<2617(47.21)481(53.03)8.360.015
2~5422(32.29)274(30.21)
>5268(20.50)152(16.76)
BMI(kg/m2)<18.578(5.97)129(14.22)43.81<0.001
18.5~23.9711(54.40)465(51.27)
23.9~28.0435(33.28)261(28.78)
>28.083(6.35)52(5.73)
吸烟状况不吸烟219(16.76)144(15.88)2.280.319
已戒烟794(60.75)579(63.84)
吸烟294(22.49)184(20.29)
锻炼频率(次/月)≤12899(68.78)656(72.33)3.220.073
>12408(31.22)251(27.67)
久坐时长(小时/天)<51 056(80.80)652(71.89)24.11< 0.001
≥5251(19.20)255(28.11)
接尘工龄(年)<10323(24.71)224(24.70)1.100.778
10~19.9444(33.97)291(32.08)
19.9~30317(24.25)227(25.03)
>30223(17.06)165(18.19)
接尘类型矽尘956(73.14)680(74.97)1.960.376
煤矿粉尘216(16.53)130(14.33)
其他粉尘135(10.33)97(10.69)
尘肺期别壹期418(31.98)276(30.43)1.430.489
贰期303(23.18)201(22.16)
叁期586(44.84)430(47.41)
共病否635(48.58)336(37.05)28.96< 0.001
是672(51.42)571(62.95)
睡眠质量差否709(54.24)110(12.13)407.52< 0.001
是598(45.75)797(87.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054288994793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

尘肺病患者抑郁症状现况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量无抑郁症状
(n=1 307)
有抑郁症状
(n=907)
χ2值P值
年龄(岁)<4058(4.44)21(2.32)10.560.014
40~50211(16.14)161(17.75)
50~60701(53.63)461(50.83)
>60337(25.78)264(29.11)
性别女17(1.30)15(1.65)0.470.494
男1 290(98.70)892(98.35)
民族汉族1 223(93.57)852(93.94)0.120.729
少数民族84(6.43)55(6.06)
文化程度小学及以下691(52.87)569(62.73)23.96<0.001
初中502(38.41)290(31.97)
高中及以上114(8.72)48(5.29)
婚姻状况已婚1 231(94.19)835(92.06)3.870.144
未婚20(1.53)19(2.09)
其他56(4.28)53(5.84)
家庭年收入(万元)<2617(47.21)481(53.03)8.360.015
2~5422(32.29)274(30.21)
>5268(20.50)152(16.76)
BMI(kg/m2)<18.578(5.97)129(14.22)43.81<0.001
18.5~23.9711(54.40)465(51.27)
23.9~28.0435(33.28)261(28.78)
>28.083(6.35)52(5.73)
吸烟状况不吸烟219(16.76)144(15.88)2.280.319
已戒烟794(60.75)579(63.84)
吸烟294(22.49)184(20.29)
锻炼频率(次/月)≤12899(68.78)656(72.33)3.220.073
>12408(31.22)251(27.67)
久坐时长(小时/天)<51 056(80.80)652(71.89)24.11< 0.001
≥5251(19.20)255(28.11)
接尘工龄(年)<10323(24.71)224(24.70)1.100.778
10~19.9444(33.97)291(32.08)
19.9~30317(24.25)227(25.03)
>30223(17.06)165(18.19)
接尘类型矽尘956(73.14)680(74.97)1.960.376
煤矿粉尘216(16.53)130(14.33)
其他粉尘135(10.33)97(10.69)
尘肺期别壹期418(31.98)276(30.43)1.430.489
贰期303(23.18)201(22.16)
叁期586(44.84)430(47.41)
共病否635(48.58)336(37.05)28.96< 0.001
是672(51.42)571(62.95)
睡眠质量差否709(54.24)110(12.13)407.52< 0.001
是598(45.75)797(87.87)
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Fitting indicators of latent class models for multimorbidity

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类别数AICBICaBICEntropyLMR(P值)类别概率
111 023.5911 074.9111 046.321
210 695.6410 803.9910 743.630.60<0.0010.78/0.22
310 598.9010 764.2710 672.140.69<0.0010.76/0.17/0.07
410 572.8610 795.2610 671.360.89<0.0010.60/0.03/0.31/0.06
510 572.0110 851.4310 695.750.830.0220.05/0.05/0.32/0.03/0.55
610 571.0810 907.5310 720.080.890.0220.01/0.56/0.03/0.04/0.33/0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054448378347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

共病的潜在类别模型拟合指标

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类别数AICBICaBICEntropyLMR(P值)类别概率
111 023.5911 074.9111 046.321
210 695.6410 803.9910 743.630.60<0.0010.78/0.22
310 598.9010 764.2710 672.140.69<0.0010.76/0.17/0.07
410 572.8610 795.2610 671.360.89<0.0010.60/0.03/0.31/0.06
510 572.0110 851.4310 695.750.830.0220.05/0.05/0.32/0.03/0.55
610 571.0810 907.5310 720.080.890.0220.01/0.56/0.03/0.04/0.33/0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054544847340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms

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变量模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值
共病数量1.41(1.30~1.53)<0.0011.34(1.23~1.46)<0.0011.18(1.06~1.30)0.002
共病模式(以相对健康类为参考)
心脑血管-代谢类1.96(1.12~3.44)0.0191.82(1.02~3.25)0.0411.46(0.75~2.84)0.267
呼吸系统类1.42(1.18~1.70)<0.0011.20(0.99~1.46)0.0661.11(0.88~1.39)0.392
多病共存类3.92(2.48~6.20)<0.0013.16(1.97~5.06)<0.0011.81(1.05~3.13)0.033
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054620344813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

共病与抑郁症状的logistic回归分析

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变量模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值OR(95%CI)P值
共病数量1.41(1.30~1.53)<0.0011.34(1.23~1.46)<0.0011.18(1.06~1.30)0.002
共病模式(以相对健康类为参考)
心脑血管-代谢类1.96(1.12~3.44)0.0191.82(1.02~3.25)0.0411.46(0.75~2.84)0.267
呼吸系统类1.42(1.18~1.70)<0.0011.20(0.99~1.46)0.0661.11(0.88~1.39)0.392
多病共存类3.92(2.48~6.20)<0.0013.16(1.97~5.06)<0.0011.81(1.05~3.13)0.033
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054708425198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Bootstrap analysis of the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between comorbidity and depression in patients with pneumoconiosis

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分类效应类型β(95%CI)P值效应占比(%)
共病数量总效应0.86(0.64~1.08)<0.001100.00
直接效应0.33(0.16~0.51)<0.00138.37
间接效应0.53(0.41~0.66)<0.00161.63
多病共存类总效应3.04(1.84~4.25)<0.001100.00
直接效应0.93(-0.08~1.92)0.07030.59
间接效应2.11(1.46~2.78)<0.00169.41
), ArticleFig(id=1324045054779728367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044717683515861, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁间中介效应的Bootstrap检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类效应类型β(95%CI)P值效应占比(%)
共病数量总效应0.86(0.64~1.08)<0.001100.00
直接效应0.33(0.16~0.51)<0.00138.37
间接效应0.53(0.41~0.66)<0.00161.63
多病共存类总效应3.04(1.84~4.25)<0.001100.00
直接效应0.93(-0.08~1.92)0.07030.59
间接效应2.11(1.46~2.78)<0.00169.41
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睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用
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冯莹莹 , 谭雪梅 , 杜文 , 何秋蓉 , 周丁子 , 彭莉君 , 姚于勤 , 兰亚佳 , 张勤
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(10): 1742-1747
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (10) : 1742 -1747
睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用
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冯莹莹(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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冯莹莹, 谭雪梅, 杜文, 何秋蓉, 周丁子, 彭莉君, 姚于勤, 兰亚佳, 张勤
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
张勤,E-mail:
作者简介:

冯莹莹(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

Mediating role of sleep quality between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis
Ying-ying FENG, Xue-mei TAN, Wen DU, Qiu-rong HE, Ding-zi ZHOU, Li-jun PENG, Yu-qin YAO, Ya-jia LAN, Qin ZHANG
Affiliations
  • West China Occupational Pneumoconiosis Cohort Study workgroup, West China School of Public and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509353
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目的

探讨睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用。

方法

基于华西尘肺病前瞻性专病队列基线数据,运用潜在类别分析对尘肺病9种常见共病进行分组,采用logistic回归模型分析共病数量、共病模式与抑郁症状的关联,并通过Bootstrap法检验睡眠质量的中介效应。

结果

40.97%尘肺病患者存在抑郁症状。潜在类别分析识别出四类共病模式:相对健康类、心脑血管-代谢类、呼吸系统类和多病共存类。Logistic回归显示,共病数量(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.23~1.46)、心脑血管-代谢类(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.02~3.25)及多病共存类(OR=3.16,95%CI:1.97~5.06)与抑郁症状呈正向关联。中介分析表明,睡眠质量在共病数量与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用(β=0.53,95%CI:0.41~0.66),中介效应占比为61.63%;在多病共存类与抑郁症状之间起完全中介作用,中介效应值为2.11(95%CI:1.46~2.78),效应占比69.41%。

结论

尘肺病患者的共病数量、心脑血管-代谢类及多病共存类共病模式与较高抑郁风险相关。睡眠质量在共病数量与抑郁症状间发挥部分中介作用,在多病共存类与抑郁症状间则起完全中介作用。

尘肺病  /  共病  /  睡眠质量  /  抑郁  /  中介作用
Objective

To explore the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Methods

Based on the baseline data from the West China Pneumoconiosis Prospective Specialized Disease Cohort, latent class analysis was employed to categorize nine common multimorbidities among pneumoconiosis patients. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between the number of multimorbidities, multimorbidity patterns, and depressive symptoms. The Bootstrap method was employed to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality.

Results

40.97% patients with pneumoconiosis exhibited depressive symptoms. Latent class analysis identified four multimorbidity patterns: relatively healthy, cardiovascular-metabolic, respiratory system, and multimorbidity. Logistic regression showed that the number of multimorbidities (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.23-1.46), the cardiovascular-metabolic pattern (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.02-3.25), and the multimorbidity pattern (OR=3.16, 95%CI: 1.97-5.06) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between the number of multimorbidities and depressive symptoms (β=0.53, 95%CI: 0.41-0.66), with a mediation effect proportion of 61.63%. Regarding the multimorbidity pattern, sleep quality fully mediated the relationship with depressive symptoms, with a mediation effect value of 2.11(95%CI:1.46-2.78) and an effect proportion of 69.41%.

Conclusion

The number of multimorbidities, cardiovascular-metabolic pattern, and multimorbidity pattern are associated with a higher risk of depression in pneumoconiosis patients. Sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between the number of multimorbidities and depressive symptoms, while it fully mediates the relationship between the multimorbidity pattern and depressive symptoms.

Pneumoconiosis  /  Multimorbidity  /  Sleep quality  /  Depression  /  Mediating effect
冯莹莹, 谭雪梅, 杜文, 何秋蓉, 周丁子, 彭莉君, 姚于勤, 兰亚佳, 张勤. 睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病与抑郁症状间的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1742 -1747 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509353
Ying-ying FENG, Xue-mei TAN, Wen DU, Qiu-rong HE, Ding-zi ZHOU, Li-jun PENG, Yu-qin YAO, Ya-jia LAN, Qin ZHANG. Mediating role of sleep quality between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in patients with pneumoconiosis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1742 -1747 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509353
尘肺病是由长期吸入生产性矿物粉尘引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为特征的职业性间质性肺病,是我国法定职业病中疾病负担最重的类型[1]。国家卫生健康委员会数据显示,2024年我国新增尘肺病病例7 251例,占年度职业病新发病例总数的64.2%以上[2]。近年研究表明,职业性粉尘暴露具有多系统健康危害,除直接导致呼吸系统疾病外,还增加心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病及自身免疫性风湿病等慢性疾病风险[3]。共病是指同一个体同时存在两种或两种以上慢性病[4]。流行病学调查显示,我国尘肺病患者共病患病率高达66.0%[5]。
尘肺病患者的共病负担与精神健康状况密切相关。研究发现,尘肺病患者的抑郁发病率随共病数量的增加呈现上升趋势[6]。同时,受呼吸困难等呼吸道症状及年龄相关睡眠结构改变影响,尘肺病患者常高发睡眠障碍[7]。有多项研究指出,在中老年人群中,睡眠质量在共病与抑郁症状之间发挥中介作用[8-9]。然而,目前仍缺乏对尘肺病患者的专门研究。因此,本研究基于华西尘肺病前瞻性专病队列基线数据,旨在分析尘肺病患者共病特征、睡眠质量及抑郁现状,并检验睡眠质量的中介作用,为进一步改善尘肺病患者的心理健康提供理论依据。
选取2021年10月至2024年8月在四川省某职业病医院就诊的尘肺病患者作为研究对象进行横断面研究。纳入标准:①符合《GBZ 70-2015职业性尘肺病的诊断》[10]和《尘肺病治疗中国专家共识(2024年版)》[11]诊断标准的尘肺病患者;②年龄≥18周岁;③意识状态良好,具备正常沟通能力;④签署知情同意书并自愿参与本研究。排除标准:共病、睡眠质量和抑郁数据缺失的患者。本次研究通过四川大学华西第四医院伦理审查(批件号:HXSY-EC-2021053)。
包括一般人口学特征(年龄、性别、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭年收入)、健康行为与生活方式(BMI、吸烟状况、锻炼频率、久坐时长)以及职业暴露与健康状况(接尘工龄、接尘类型、尘肺期别)。
参考相关文献[5-6,12],结合医院病历系统导出诊断结果,截至尘肺患者入组日期,确定尘肺患者所患慢性病。最终纳入9种尘肺常见共病,包括肺结核、慢阻肺、哮喘、高血压、肺心病、冠心病、糖尿病,脑卒中和风湿病。共病数量即每位尘肺病患者上述9种慢性病数量的加和。
采用刘贤臣等[13]修订的中文版《匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表》(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)在尘肺病患者入组当天对其最近一个月的睡眠质量进行评估。总分为0~21分,> 5分提示患者睡眠质量差[14]。本研究该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.79,信度较好。
采用《抑郁自评量表》(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)在尘肺病患者入组当天对其过去两周的抑郁症状进行筛查[15]。总分为0~27分,≥ 5分提示患者存在抑郁症状。本研究该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.82,信度较好。
首先利用R 4.5.1中的Mice包对缺失率低于10%的变量进行多重插补,通过poLCA包实施潜在类别分析(Latent Class Analysis,LCA)[16],基于赤则信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)、样本量调整BIC值(Sample-size adjusted BIC,aBIC)最小化,信息熵(Entropy)大于0.8,罗-蒙代尔-鲁比矫正似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin,LMR)有统计学意义确定最优共病模式分组。通过SPSS 27.0对数据进行整理和分析,计数资料采用频数(n)和百分比(%)描述,组间比较采用卡方检验。采用logistic回归模型分析共病数量,共病模式与抑郁症状的关联。利用R 4.5.1的mediation包,执行Bootstrap法重复抽样5 000次,以共病数量或共病模式为自变量,睡眠质量得分为中介变量,抑郁症状得分为因变量检验睡眠质量的中介作用,并计算总效应、间接效应和直接效应的95%CI。总效应显著是中介效应的前提,若间接效应显著且直接效应显著,则表明存在部分中介效应;若间接效应显著而直接效应不显著,则表明存在完全中介效应。检验水准为双侧α =0.05。
本研究共纳入2 214例尘肺病患者,其中1 307例无抑郁症状,907例有抑郁症状。两组间年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入、BMI、久坐时长、共病、睡眠质量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),后续分析作为协变量,见表1。
尘肺病患者共病率为56.14%。基于潜在类别分析的模型拟合指标,四类模型最终用于识别尘肺病患者的共病模式分组,见表2。四类别中9种疾病的条件概率如图1所示,依据各模式中疾病特征将其分为相对健康类、心脑血管-代谢类、呼吸系统类、多病共存类。相对健康类各种慢性病患病率均较低;心脑血管-代谢类以冠心病、高血压、糖尿病多发;呼吸系统类以肺结核、慢阻肺多发;多病共存类以多种慢性病多发为特征。
模型1仅纳入单因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,共病数量与共病模式均为尘肺病患者抑郁症状的危险因素。模型2将年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入、BMI、久坐时长作为控制变量,研究发现共病数量每增加1种,抑郁症状的风险增加34%(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.23~1.46);以相对健康类为参考,心脑血管-代谢类(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.02~3.25),多病共存类(OR=3.16,95%CI:1.97~5.06)抑郁风险较高。模型3在模型2控制变量基础上,加入睡眠质量,结果显示,共病数量每增加1种,抑郁症状的风险增加18%(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.06~1.30),多病共存类(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.05~3.13)与尘肺病患者抑郁风险关联减弱,提示睡眠质量可能在共病和抑郁间起中介作用。见表3。
基于上述分析,将年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入、BMI、久坐时长作为控制变量,分别检验睡眠质量在尘肺病患者共病数量与抑郁之间,以及多病共存类与抑郁之间的中介效应。结果表明,睡眠质量在共病数量与抑郁间起部分中介作用(β=0.53,95%CI:0.41~0.66),中介效应占比为61.63%。多病共存类对抑郁的直接效应为0.93(95%CI:-0.08~1.92),间接效应为2.11(95%CI:1.46~2.78),说明睡眠质量在多病共存类与抑郁症状间起完全中介作用。见表4。
本研究结果显示,尘肺病患者抑郁症状检出率达40.88%。近期广西一项研究使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表调查发现,尘肺病患者的抑郁检出率为16.3%[17]。重庆另一项使用90项症状自评量表研究发现,尘肺病患者的抑郁阳性率为18.98%[18]。由于筛查工具和地区存在差异,且样本量均较小,各研究结果存在差异,但均高于一般人群[19]。
单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入、BMI、久坐时长、共病及睡眠质量是尘肺病患者抑郁的影响因素。年龄>60岁人群在有抑郁症状组占比更高,可能与生理功能衰退及社会角色转变等因素相关。低文化水平可能影响其对心理健康的关注程度,继而影响其就医选择,经济条件则限制了个体获得医疗资源的机会[20]。研究发现,在东亚人群中,BMI与抑郁之间存在负向遗传相关性,体重过轻会增加抑郁风险[21]。久坐行为则可因身体活动受限或不良姿势引发躯体疼痛,进而加剧抑郁症状[22]。
多种慢性病的发病机制比单一慢性病更复杂,具有病程长、治疗效果不佳及医疗费用昂贵等特点。有研究指出,患多种慢性病的个体发生抑郁风险是仅患一种的两倍,是无慢性病人群的三倍[23]。并且,不同共病模式间抑郁风险也存在差异。西南队列一项研究表明,相较于高血压共病模式,高脂血症共病模式和代谢及骨骼共病模式与新发抑郁症状相关,且后者表现出更高的抑郁风险[24]。此外,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal,HPA)轴功能失调、炎症因子异常释放和褪黑激素分泌减少等病理生理改变在睡眠障碍与抑郁症共病中发挥重要作用[25]。睡眠质量下降会加剧抑郁表现,而抑郁症状又会进一步干扰正常睡眠的维持。
中介效应分析显示,共病数量不仅直接作用于尘肺患者抑郁症状,还可通过损害睡眠质量间接加重其抑郁水平。这一发现与多项针对中老年群体的研究结论相一致。基于CHARLS数据库的研究显示,慢性病患病种数能够通过自我照顾能力与夜间睡眠时长产生独立或链式中介效应影响抑郁状况[8]。尘肺病患者的共病数量越多,其睡眠质量往往越差。这种关联可能受心理应激、不良生活方式和亚临床炎症状态持续存在的影响[26]。本研究发现,睡眠质量在多病共存类与抑郁症状间发挥中介作用。尘肺病常与多种慢性疾病共存,尤其好发于呼吸系统与心血管系统,并可累及脑血管、肾脏、内分泌及风湿免疫系统。其潜在的发病机制可能与粉尘颗粒在肺组织及循环血管中沉积后,所引发的持续性炎症反应、血管内皮损伤及免疫调节异常有关[12]。多系统损害严重影响患者的睡眠和生活质量,而睡眠质量的恶化又可进一步引发和加重抑郁症状,提示应当强化对多病共存类尘肺病患者的睡眠干预。
综上,尘肺病患者共病不仅与抑郁风险直接关联,还可能通过损害睡眠质量间接加剧抑郁症状。为降低尘肺病患者抑郁风险,应推动针对共病的个性化治疗[5],同时将睡眠监测与睡眠改善作为干预措施。本研究首次在尘肺病患者中探讨共病、睡眠质量与抑郁症状的关联,并分析睡眠质量的中介作用,为尘肺病患者抑郁风险的干预提供重要理论依据。然而,研究亦存在一定局限性:样本源自西南地区人群,且研究对象多集中于男性,结论外推至全人群的效果仍需进一步验证。此外,本研究是横断面分析,无法对睡眠质量的中介作用进行动态监测,后续将结合随访数据,更深入地探索其随时间变化的机制。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20359; 82373548)
  • 四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q21071)
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509353
  • 接收时间:2025-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22
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国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20359; 82373548)
四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划(Q21071)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,华西职业性尘肺病队列工作组,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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