Article(id=1324044659407859890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760371200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606446363, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606446363, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606446363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606446363, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793606417910, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1488, endPage=1493, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044659663712435, articleId=1324044659407859890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the epidemiological characteristics and SARIMA-SVR model prediction of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024. To compare the predictive performance of the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA) versus the combined Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average-Support Vector Regression (SARIMA-SVR) model in forecasting incidence trends.

Methods

Data on mushroom poisoning events from 2017 to 2024 were obtained from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System of Guizhou Province for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Using data from 2017 to 2023 as the training ser and data from 2024 as the testing set, SARIMA and SARIMA-SVR combined models were constructed. Model performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE).

Results

A total of 2 694 mushroom poisoning outbreaks were reported during 2017 to 2024 Guizhou Province, involving 8 987 cases and 31 deaths. Mushroom poisoning is highly prevalent summer and autumn (June to September), with higher rates observed in the northeastern region. The most affected age group was 20 to 59 years, and households were primary setting of occurrence. In terms of model predictive performance, the SARIMA model could relatively well capture the overall trend of incidence, but the SARIMA—SVR combined model exhibited superior predictive performance.

Conclusion

Mushroom poisoning remains highly prevalent in Guizhou Province, exhibiting distinct seasonal and geographical patterns. The SARIMA-SVR combined model provides better forecasting accuracy and can serve as a valuable tool for surveillance, early warning, and preventive interventions.

, authors=Shuai HUANG1, Chao-fei ZOU2, Yan-rong HU1, Mu-li WU1, An-zhong WU3, Pei-pei ZUO3, Qian-qian ZHOU3, Qing-yuan CHEN4, Jun LI1, Hua GUO1, 3, authorsList=Shuai HUANG, Chao-fei ZOU, Yan-rong HU, Mu-li WU, An-zhong WU, Pei-pei ZUO, Qian-qian ZHOU, Qing-yuan CHEN, Jun LI, Hua GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hua GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044662805246146, articleId=1324044659407859890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒流行特征及SARIMA—SVR模型预测研究, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒的流行特征,比较季节性差分自回归移动平均模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model,SARIMA)与季节性差分自回归移动平均—支持向量回归模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average—Support Vector Regression,SARIMA—SVR)的发病趋势预测性能。

方法

基于“贵州省食源性疾病暴发监测系统”,对2017—2024年蘑菇中毒数据开展描述分析;并以2017—2023年数据为训练集,2024年数据为测试集,构建SARIMA与SARIMA—SVR组合模型,用平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)评价模型性能。

结果

2017—2024年贵州省共发生蘑菇中毒事件2 694起,发病8 987例,死亡31例。蘑菇中毒夏秋季(6~9月)高发,东北部地区发病率较高,20~59岁人群为主要受害群体,家庭是主要发病场所。模型预测方面,SARIMA模型能较好拟合发病趋势,但SARIMA—SVR模型表现更好。

结论

贵州省蘑菇中毒仍高发,呈季节性与地域性分布。SARIMA—SVR模型预测性能更佳,可为监测预警与防控决策提供参考。

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黄帅(2002—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:食源性疾病监测

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B: time series decomposition diagram), figureFileSmall=mt2VAFUHiDD1NXWua9iyEw==, figureFileBig=lurH8qv6laa6twU6WDUd3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672603140366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2017—2023年贵州省蘑菇中毒发病人数时间序列图(A:时间序列图;B:时间序列分解图), figureFileSmall=mt2VAFUHiDD1NXWua9iyEw==, figureFileBig=lurH8qv6laa6twU6WDUd3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672666054927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Time series plot and autocorrelation plot, partial autocorrelation plot after natural logarithmic transformation ln (1+x) (A: time series plot after natural logarithmic transformation; B: autocorrelation plot; C: partial autocorrelation plot), figureFileSmall=fh1a59STUOcuvf6elUP/Ww==, figureFileBig=kSKum8d1cqNfbJ1r5VEYMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672724775184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=图4, caption=自然对数变换ln(1+x)后时间序列图及自相关图、偏自相关图(A:自然对数变换后时间序列图;B:自相关图;C:偏自相关图), figureFileSmall=fh1a59STUOcuvf6elUP/Ww==, figureFileBig=kSKum8d1cqNfbJ1r5VEYMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672817049873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The fitting effect of the SARIMA model and the SARIMA-SVR model, figureFileSmall=JtqReHOKyxAUVfsTiCoCgw==, figureFileBig=EZfHeW2tBi6x3Ikcc7VdQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672892547346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SARIMA模型与SARIMA—SVR模型拟合效果, figureFileSmall=JtqReHOKyxAUVfsTiCoCgw==, figureFileBig=EZfHeW2tBi6x3Ikcc7VdQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044672959656211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The basic situation of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)发病率(1/10万)病死率(%)
201725484652.240.59
201826090462.380.66
201920168131.780.44
20203681 19883.120.67
202119762621.620.32
202216758801.530.00
20238262 82327.320.07
20244211 32153.420.38
合计2 6948 987312.930.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324044673030959380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)发病率(1/10万)病死率(%)
201725484652.240.59
201826090462.380.66
201920168131.780.44
20203681 19883.120.67
202119762621.620.32
202216758801.530.00
20238262 82327.320.07
20244211 32153.420.38
合计2 6948 987312.930.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324044674687709461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of mushroom poisoning sites in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场所类型事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)
集体食堂221340
餐馆16810
街头摊点2197620
家庭2 3977 79229
农村宴席2230
其他381952
合计2 6948 98731
), ArticleFig(id=1324044674784178454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒场所分布

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场所类型事件数(起)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)
集体食堂221340
餐馆16810
街头摊点2197620
家庭2 3977 79229
农村宴席2230
其他381952
合计2 6948 98731
), ArticleFig(id=1324044674863870231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The age composition of the number of mushroom poisoning cases and deaths in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024

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年龄(岁)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)病死率(%)
<11200
1~641120.49
7~191 02610.10
20~596 095210.34
≥601 44370.49
合计8 987310.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324044674926784792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒发病人数、死亡人数的年龄构成

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年龄(岁)发病人数(例)死亡人数(例)病死率(%)
<11200
1~641120.49
7~191 02610.10
20~596 095210.34
≥601 44370.49
合计8 987310.34
), ArticleFig(id=1324044675006476569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Estimated values and test results of SARIMA model parameters

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参数估计值标准差t值P值
MA1-0.9260.068-13.660<0.001
SAR1-0.8010.115-6.970<0.001
SAR2-0.5070.109-4.651<0.001
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SARIMA模型参数估计值与检验结果

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参数估计值标准差t值P值
MA1-0.9260.068-13.660<0.001
SAR1-0.8010.115-6.970<0.001
SAR2-0.5070.109-4.651<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324044675161665819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison between the predicted values and actual values of the SARIMA and SARIMA-SVR models

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月份实际值SARMA预测值(95%CI)SARIMA-SVR预测值(95%CI)
1108(1~50)13(1~47)
22921(3~127)16(3~119)
3811(1~66)10(1~62)
4125(0~34)5(0~31)
59527(4~164)29(4~152)
6372190(32~1 121)358(34~1 035)
7153229(38~1 357)132(41~1 247)
8275358(60~2 128)249(65~1 946)
962116(19~699)109(21~636)
1023084(13~509)59(15~461)
116887(14~526)123(15~475)
1276(0~40)3(0~36)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044675245551900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

SARIMA与SARIMA—SVR模型预测值与实际值之间的比较

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月份实际值SARMA预测值(95%CI)SARIMA-SVR预测值(95%CI)
1108(1~50)13(1~47)
22921(3~127)16(3~119)
3811(1~66)10(1~62)
4125(0~34)5(0~31)
59527(4~164)29(4~152)
6372190(32~1 121)358(34~1 035)
7153229(38~1 357)132(41~1 247)
8275358(60~2 128)249(65~1 946)
962116(19~699)109(21~636)
1023084(13~509)59(15~461)
116887(14~526)123(15~475)
1276(0~40)3(0~36)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044675337826589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of evaluation indicators between SARIMA and SARIMA-SVR models

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模型评价指标
MAERMSEMAPE(%)
SARIMA54.0879.1244.66
SARIMA-SVR35.7958.1245.00
), ArticleFig(id=1324044675417518366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044659407859890, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

SARIMA与SARIMA—SVR模型评价指标比较

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模型评价指标
MAERMSEMAPE(%)
SARIMA54.0879.1244.66
SARIMA-SVR35.7958.1245.00
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2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒流行特征及SARIMA—SVR模型预测研究
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黄帅 1 , 邹朝飞 2 , 胡燕榕 1 , 吴牡丽 1 , 吴安忠 3 , 左佩佩 3 , 周倩倩 3 , 陈庆园 4 , 李军 1 , 郭华 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(8): 1488-1493
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (8) : 1488 -1493
2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒流行特征及SARIMA—SVR模型预测研究
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黄帅1, 邹朝飞2, 胡燕榕1, 吴牡丽1, 吴安忠3, 左佩佩3, 周倩倩3, 陈庆园4, 李军1, 郭华1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.黔南州疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.贵州省疾病预防控制中心,公共卫生监测评价研究所
  • 4.贵州省疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
郭华,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄帅(2002—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:食源性疾病监测

A study on the epidemiological characteristics and SARIMA-SVR model prediction of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024
Shuai HUANG1, Chao-fei ZOU2, Yan-rong HU1, Mu-li WU1, An-zhong WU3, Pei-pei ZUO3, Qian-qian ZHOU3, Qing-yuan CHEN4, Jun LI1, Hua GUO1, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510122
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目的

分析2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒的流行特征,比较季节性差分自回归移动平均模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model,SARIMA)与季节性差分自回归移动平均—支持向量回归模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average—Support Vector Regression,SARIMA—SVR)的发病趋势预测性能。

方法

基于“贵州省食源性疾病暴发监测系统”,对2017—2024年蘑菇中毒数据开展描述分析;并以2017—2023年数据为训练集,2024年数据为测试集,构建SARIMA与SARIMA—SVR组合模型,用平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)评价模型性能。

结果

2017—2024年贵州省共发生蘑菇中毒事件2 694起,发病8 987例,死亡31例。蘑菇中毒夏秋季(6~9月)高发,东北部地区发病率较高,20~59岁人群为主要受害群体,家庭是主要发病场所。模型预测方面,SARIMA模型能较好拟合发病趋势,但SARIMA—SVR模型表现更好。

结论

贵州省蘑菇中毒仍高发,呈季节性与地域性分布。SARIMA—SVR模型预测性能更佳,可为监测预警与防控决策提供参考。

蘑菇中毒  /  流行病学特征  /  时间序列  /  SARIMA  /  SARIMA—SVR
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024. To compare the predictive performance of the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA) versus the combined Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average-Support Vector Regression (SARIMA-SVR) model in forecasting incidence trends.

Methods

Data on mushroom poisoning events from 2017 to 2024 were obtained from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System of Guizhou Province for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Using data from 2017 to 2023 as the training ser and data from 2024 as the testing set, SARIMA and SARIMA-SVR combined models were constructed. Model performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE).

Results

A total of 2 694 mushroom poisoning outbreaks were reported during 2017 to 2024 Guizhou Province, involving 8 987 cases and 31 deaths. Mushroom poisoning is highly prevalent summer and autumn (June to September), with higher rates observed in the northeastern region. The most affected age group was 20 to 59 years, and households were primary setting of occurrence. In terms of model predictive performance, the SARIMA model could relatively well capture the overall trend of incidence, but the SARIMA—SVR combined model exhibited superior predictive performance.

Conclusion

Mushroom poisoning remains highly prevalent in Guizhou Province, exhibiting distinct seasonal and geographical patterns. The SARIMA-SVR combined model provides better forecasting accuracy and can serve as a valuable tool for surveillance, early warning, and preventive interventions.

Mushroom poisoning  /  Epidemiological characteristic  /  Time series  /  SARIMA  /  SARIMA—SVR
黄帅, 邹朝飞, 胡燕榕, 吴牡丽, 吴安忠, 左佩佩, 周倩倩, 陈庆园, 李军, 郭华. 2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒流行特征及SARIMA—SVR模型预测研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1488 -1493 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510122
Shuai HUANG, Chao-fei ZOU, Yan-rong HU, Mu-li WU, An-zhong WU, Pei-pei ZUO, Qian-qian ZHOU, Qing-yuan CHEN, Jun LI, Hua GUO. A study on the epidemiological characteristics and SARIMA-SVR model prediction of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1488 -1493 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510122
食源性疾病是世界上一项突出的公共卫生问题[1]。野生可食用蘑菇与有毒蘑菇外形相似,误采误食导致全球每年发生大量中毒事件[2-3]。在中国,蘑菇中毒事件是导致食源性疾病暴发和死亡的首要因素[4-6]。我国西南地区(云南、贵州等)是蘑菇中毒的高发地区,其中贵州省蘑菇中毒报告事件数在全国位居前列[7-8]。为有效应对蘑菇中毒带来的公共卫生挑战,构建相关模型来预测发病趋势十分重要。季节性差分自回归移动平均模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model,SARIMA)能有效捕捉线性特征与季节性波动,是时间序列预测中常用的基准方法。然而,复杂的公共卫生数据常包含非线性波动,这可能会影响SARIMA的预测精度[9]。支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)能处理非线性特征,但难以直接建模季节性等时间序列。因此,为在SARIMA基准模型的基础上进一步提升预测性能,本研究构建SARIMA—SVR组合模型,并与基准模型预测结果进行比较,探索其是否能够综合两种模型的优势,实现更精准的预测[10-11]。
2017—2024年蘑菇中毒资料从“贵州省食源性疾病暴发监测系统”中获得,人口数据从“贵州省统计年鉴”中获得。
使用Excel 2024对原始数据进行整理,按月汇总统计发病人数、死亡人数等;并描述事件的基本特征,包括时间、地区、人群和场所分布等。将2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒发病人数数据划分为训练集和测试集,其中2017—2023年数据为训练集,用于构建模型,2024年数据为测试集,用于模型外部验证。
SARIMA模型用于分析季节性特征的时间序列,在疾病监测预测中应用广泛[12-13]。SARIMA模型用(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)s定义季节性与非季节性阶数,本研究中,蘑菇中毒发病人数随年度变化,故s为12。
SARIMA模型构建流程为:①平稳性分析:通过增强型迪基-福勒检验(Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test,ADF)或时序图判断序列平稳性,若不平稳,则可用差分或数学变换使其平稳;②白噪声检验:检验序列是否属于白噪声,为白噪声无建模意义。③初步识别模型:通过分析自相关函数(Auto-correlation Function,ACF)和偏自相关函数(Partial Auto-correlation Function,PACF)初步识别模型;④参数估计与诊断:通过赤池信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion,AIC)选择模型,AIC值越低,模型拟合度越好,通过Ljung-Box检验残差是否为白噪声、t检验判断模型参数是否显著;⑤模型预测与评估:使用最佳模型预测,将预测结果与实际值比较,评估模型拟合效果。
尽管SARIMA模型能有效拟合线性特征,但对非线性特征拟合不足,而SVR难以直接对时间序列直接建模,因此为增强对非线性结构的识别,并综合二者优势,本研究构建SARIMA-SVR组合模型。在SVR中,核函数与数据映射到高维特征空间的方式有关,常见核函数包括线性核、径向基核(RBF)等。通过比较线性核与常用RBF核的初步性能,结果显示线性核表现略优,故本研究确定使用线性核函数,在R软件里通过tune. svm函数进行网格搜索确定惩罚因子C与不敏感参数ε。模型先由SARIMA提取线性与季节性成分,其残差作为SVR输入拟合非线性部分,最终将两部分预测结果相加得到最终预测值。
为了比较单一SARIMA模型与SARIMA-SVR组合模型的预测性能,采用平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)评估模型预测性能,三项指标越小表示模型性能越好。计算公式为:
其中yt表示真实值,表示预测值,n表示样本量。
以上模型的建立及评价指标的计算均在R 4.4.2中完成,相关参数检验水准α=0.05。
2017—2024年贵州省食源性疾病暴发监测系统中累计发生蘑菇中毒事件2 694起,发病8 987人,年均发病率为2.93/10万,死亡31人。2017—2024年蘑菇中毒事件数、发病人数整体呈上升趋势,其中2023年蘑菇中毒事件数、发病人数和发病率最高,分别为826起、2 823人和7.32/10万;死亡人数整体呈下降趋势,2020年病死率最高,为0.67%,见表1。
2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒具有明显季节性特征。每年从5月开始发病率升高,在6~9月到达高峰。2023年8月发病率异常升高,远超其他年份同期水平,见图1。
2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒发病率在空间上出现地理聚集性,呈现出“东北部高、西南部低”的特点。根据自然断点法划分为五个等级,其中铜仁市(7.62/10万)和遵义市(6.31/10万)为全省高风险区,黔西南州(2.38/10万)和黔东南州(2.32/10万)处于较高风险区。黔南州(2.16/10万)和六盘水市(2.14/10万)处于中风险区,贵阳市(1.59/10万)为较低风险区,而安顺市(1.06/10万)和毕节市(0.60/10万)为低风险区,见图2。
2017—2024年贵州省蘑菇中毒共有2 397起发生在家庭,占88.9%(2 397/2 694),累计发病7 792例,死亡29例;街头摊点共有219起蘑菇中毒事件发生,累计发病762例,未见死亡病例;集体食堂、餐馆等场所并无死亡病例出现,见表2。
2017—2024年间,所有年龄段均有蘑菇中毒病例发生,死亡病例除了<1岁的人群外,其余年龄段均有发生。20~59岁人群发病、死亡人数最多,占蘑菇中毒总发病人数的67.8%(6 059/8 987)和总死亡人数的67.74%(21/31);>60岁人群的病死率最高,为0.49%,见表3。
观察训练集,发现月发病数呈现出先升后降的周期性,一个周期为12个月,其时序分解图进一步表明该序列有线性趋势和明显季节波动,即原始数据非平稳,见图3。
对原始时间序列开展自然对数变换后,再进行一阶常规差分(d=1)和一阶季节性差分(D=1,s=12)。时间序列图(图4A)显示处理后的序列围绕零点波动,无明显趋势和季节性。ADF检结果(P<0.01)也表明该序列为平稳序列;Ljung—Box检验表明该序列为非白噪声序列(P<0.001),变换后的序列有分析意义。ACF图(图4B)在滞后1阶与12阶出现显著相关,而其余滞后阶数落在显著区间内,且具有截尾特征。提示包含低阶移动平均(MA)项,因此p≤2,P≤1;PACF图(图4C)在滞后1阶与12阶处存在显著峰值,整体形态接近拖尾,提示包含低阶自回归(AR)项,因此q≤2,Q≤1。组合参数,选择AIC值最小的模型(AIC=203.74),为SARIMA(0,1,1),(2,1,0)12,模型残差通过Ljung—Box检验,表明残差属于白噪声(P=0.887)。模型SARIMA(0,1,1),(2,1,0)12参数估计和检验结果见表4,参数均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。
使用最优模型SARIMA(0,1,1),(2,1,0)12预测2024年1~12月贵州省蘑菇中毒发病人数,预测结果及95%CI见表5,95%CI均包含实际值;其MAE为54.08,RMSE为79.12,MAPE为44.66%,见表6;SARIMA模型能较好的拟合发病趋势,见图5。
用SARIMA模型残差构建SVR模型,使用tune. svm函数进行网格搜索,得到SVR的最佳参数C=1,ε=0.1。将得到的SVR模型预测值,与SARIMA模型预测值相加,逆对数变换后得到最终预测值。最终预测值及95%CI见表5,95%CI均包含实际值;其MAE为35.79,RMSE为58.12,MAPE为45.00%,见表6;SARIMA—SVR模型能更好的拟合发病趋势,组合预测结果与实际值更为接近,见图5。
2017—2024年,贵州省蘑菇中毒事件报告数总体呈上升趋势,分析表明其发病率也逐年升高,说明蘑菇中毒依旧是贵州省突出的食源性公共卫生问题[14-15]。尽管死亡人数呈下降趋势,但总体病死率仍高于部分常见食源性疾病[16],蘑菇中毒的危害不可忽视。进一步分析表明,蘑菇中毒具有明显季节性,集中于6~9月,可能与雨热同期导致野生蘑菇生长旺盛和居民采食频繁有关。该结果提示掌握季节性规律对蘑菇中毒防控至关重要,这一特点与国内其他省份如云南省、江西省等的研究结果基本一致[17-18]。2023年病例激增,可能与气候条件异常或新冠疫情后居民户外活动增加有关[19],具体原因有待进一步探讨。
在地区分布上,贵州省东北部地区(铜仁、遵义)为高风险区,西南部地区发病率相对较低,与现有研究结果一致[8]。气候条件、森林资源分布及采食习惯差异可能是造成区域差异的原因[20]。因此,应因地制宜展开防控,针对高发区域加强监测和健康宣传。在人群分布上,20~59岁人群是主要的受害群体,可能与其活动范围广、采食蘑菇频繁有关;而>60岁人群病死率最高,可能与机体抵抗力下降、并发症风险增加有关,需重点关注[21]。家庭是贵州省蘑菇中毒发病的主要场所,该结果与云南省等地研究结果一致[17]。
SARIMA模型能较好地刻画蘑菇中毒发病的趋势和季节性波动,常作为时间序列预测的基准模型;在此基础上,构建SARIMA—SVR组合模型。结果显示,组合模型的预测值更接近实际值,且MAE和RMSE明显下降,说明SVR能对SARIMA残差进行有效修正[22]。MAPE指标差异较小,说明SARIMA模型已较好捕捉了序列的主要趋势,而SVR主要修正的是局部非线性波动。此外,需要指出的是,SARIMA—SVR模型在高发月份显著降低了绝对预测偏差,改善了MAE和RMSE,在蘑菇中毒非高发月份中,预测值的轻微偏移会因真实值较小而被MAPE放大,导致MAPE未同步下降。造成该现象的原因是评价指标对数据分布特征的敏感差异,而非模型性能矛盾。因此在本研究中,MAPE作为辅助参考,综合评价来说,SARIMA—SVR模型在整体预测性能上优于基准模型。
虽然本研究验证了SARIMA—SVR模型在蘑菇中毒预测中的准确性,但仍存在某些不足。目前模型只使用了时间序列数据,尚未纳入气候等因素,单因素模型可能低估外部因素的作用[9]。此外,研究所用数据源于被动监测系统,可能存在漏报或迟报,影响数据的完整性和准确性。未来可引入多种相关变量构建全面预测模型,并加强数据监测,提高模型的稳定性与泛化。
综上,贵州省蘑菇中毒事件高发,具有明显季节性、区域性与人群差异。SARIMA—SVR组合模型预测效果,能准确地预测发病趋势,也为今后纳入外部因素的综合预测模型提供方法参考。防控蘑菇中毒应重点针对高发地区与高危人群开展健康宣传,提高居民辨识能力,从而降低蘑菇中毒造成的医疗负担和经济损失。
  • 贵州省卫生健康委省级重点建设学科项目
  • 西南地区重点优势学科项目
  • 黔南州毒蘑菇多样性分析及蘑菇中毒综合防控体系研究(黔南科合社字(2024)3号)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510122
  • 接收时间:2025-10-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14
基金
贵州省卫生健康委省级重点建设学科项目
西南地区重点优势学科项目
黔南州毒蘑菇多样性分析及蘑菇中毒综合防控体系研究(黔南科合社字(2024)3号)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.黔南州疾病预防控制中心
    3.贵州省疾病预防控制中心,公共卫生监测评价研究所
    4.贵州省疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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